Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/25739638.2023.2182501
Sławomir Romański-Cebula
ABSTRACT Statistical research on religious denominations in Poland is limited, on the one hand, by regulations resulting from the implementation of religious rights and freedoms, and on the other hand, by the methodology adopted and used for years, which does not guarantee obtaining reliable data. In the event of a positive decision on registration, the state’s control over a given church or religious association ends. The knowledge gaps are therefore enormous. For example, we do not know the real number of legally operating churches and religious associations in Poland or the number of followers of many of them. This article contains an analysis of the currently adopted legal solutions, methods of conducting statistical research and the most important methodological problems. In conclusion, the author offers solutions aimed at improving religious statistics in Poland. The primary goal is to develop a new research approach that takes into account past gaps and errors.
{"title":"Religious statistics in Poland. Legal status, problems, challenges","authors":"Sławomir Romański-Cebula","doi":"10.1080/25739638.2023.2182501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25739638.2023.2182501","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Statistical research on religious denominations in Poland is limited, on the one hand, by regulations resulting from the implementation of religious rights and freedoms, and on the other hand, by the methodology adopted and used for years, which does not guarantee obtaining reliable data. In the event of a positive decision on registration, the state’s control over a given church or religious association ends. The knowledge gaps are therefore enormous. For example, we do not know the real number of legally operating churches and religious associations in Poland or the number of followers of many of them. This article contains an analysis of the currently adopted legal solutions, methods of conducting statistical research and the most important methodological problems. In conclusion, the author offers solutions aimed at improving religious statistics in Poland. The primary goal is to develop a new research approach that takes into account past gaps and errors.","PeriodicalId":37199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"31 1","pages":"157 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41348577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/25739638.2023.2182511
Michael Thomas
{"title":"Deutschland ist eins: vieles: Bilanz und Perspektiven von Transformation und Vereinigung (Germany is One Thing: Many: A Record and Perspectives of the Transformation and Unification)","authors":"Michael Thomas","doi":"10.1080/25739638.2023.2182511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25739638.2023.2182511","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"31 1","pages":"147 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42576443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/25739638.2023.2182509
T. Jacobs
ABSTRACT The political system change in Germany in 1989/90 also led to fundamental changes in the cultural and creative sector. As a result of the shift from a planned to a free market economy, the number of freelance cultural workers increased significantly. This article discusses how the transformation of the cultural and creative sector affected the ethnic minority of the Sorbs in Germany. The particular challenge here is how the actors balance their everyday life and participation in cultural practices on the one hand, and a commodification of what is considered cultural heritage on the other. Using the example of the freelance Sorbian composer Juro Mětšk (*1954 † 2022), the project explores the questions of what effects the all-encompassing social changes had on the activities and products of cultural workers, when and why they decided to work freelance and to what extent being Sorbian became a determinant for their work. In addition to Juro Mětšk’s written testimonies, this paper is also based on the analysis of a detailed interview on this topic conducted by the author in 2021.
{"title":"It could have been different. The cultural and creative sector in transformation from the perspective of arts professionals in the Sorbian ethnic minority","authors":"T. Jacobs","doi":"10.1080/25739638.2023.2182509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25739638.2023.2182509","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The political system change in Germany in 1989/90 also led to fundamental changes in the cultural and creative sector. As a result of the shift from a planned to a free market economy, the number of freelance cultural workers increased significantly. This article discusses how the transformation of the cultural and creative sector affected the ethnic minority of the Sorbs in Germany. The particular challenge here is how the actors balance their everyday life and participation in cultural practices on the one hand, and a commodification of what is considered cultural heritage on the other. Using the example of the freelance Sorbian composer Juro Mětšk (*1954 † 2022), the project explores the questions of what effects the all-encompassing social changes had on the activities and products of cultural workers, when and why they decided to work freelance and to what extent being Sorbian became a determinant for their work. In addition to Juro Mětšk’s written testimonies, this paper is also based on the analysis of a detailed interview on this topic conducted by the author in 2021.","PeriodicalId":37199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"31 1","pages":"127 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47551490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/25739638.2022.2164118
J. Sommers
{"title":"Collapse: the fall of the Soviet Union","authors":"J. Sommers","doi":"10.1080/25739638.2022.2164118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25739638.2022.2164118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"30 1","pages":"465 - 468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44024143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/25739638.2022.2133442
Maria Hetzer
ABSTRACT This article presents insights from research conducted on the importance of socialist agriculture for rural women’s emancipation in the GDR. It is based on ethnographic data collected between 2016 and 2018, including interviews with members of former agricultural production cooperatives and archival research centring on the Oderbruch region (Brandenburg). The author analyses the realities of life and work for women in the socialist village between expectations, opportunities, and realities. The tension between media discourses on the ‘new’ socialist woman, institutional politics, social expectations and village communal practices is drawn out. Within this frame, this texts highlights the numerous ways in which rural women actively designed their relationship to broader transitions in the rural economy, such as the socialist land reform and collectivisation. It narrates how women embraced opportunities and met challenges to realise their own interests. The strategic management of social difference, gender expectations and policy resulted in support for the economic success of cooperative, at least since the 1970s. On the one hand, women's readiness to work in low-paid jobs that offered family compatible working hours and social security was used to improve the financial performance of the cooperative. On the other hand, specific instruments of gender policies were used to improve the economic performance of the cooperative. Women were installed as leading committee members and division managers – against the explicit wish of many male workers. The expertise of young academic females was strategically employed to incite a process of innovation within changing economic policies and demands.
{"title":"Negotiating equal rights in everyday life: expectations and experiences of rural women","authors":"Maria Hetzer","doi":"10.1080/25739638.2022.2133442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25739638.2022.2133442","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article presents insights from research conducted on the importance of socialist agriculture for rural women’s emancipation in the GDR. It is based on ethnographic data collected between 2016 and 2018, including interviews with members of former agricultural production cooperatives and archival research centring on the Oderbruch region (Brandenburg). The author analyses the realities of life and work for women in the socialist village between expectations, opportunities, and realities. The tension between media discourses on the ‘new’ socialist woman, institutional politics, social expectations and village communal practices is drawn out. Within this frame, this texts highlights the numerous ways in which rural women actively designed their relationship to broader transitions in the rural economy, such as the socialist land reform and collectivisation. It narrates how women embraced opportunities and met challenges to realise their own interests. The strategic management of social difference, gender expectations and policy resulted in support for the economic success of cooperative, at least since the 1970s. On the one hand, women's readiness to work in low-paid jobs that offered family compatible working hours and social security was used to improve the financial performance of the cooperative. On the other hand, specific instruments of gender policies were used to improve the economic performance of the cooperative. Women were installed as leading committee members and division managers – against the explicit wish of many male workers. The expertise of young academic females was strategically employed to incite a process of innovation within changing economic policies and demands.","PeriodicalId":37199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"30 1","pages":"353 - 360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48089413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/25739638.2022.2133444
E. Meyer-Renschhausen
ABSTRACT The article presents an historical panorama of the importance of small-scale, subsistence farming, mainly by women, over two centuries: from the loss of the commons associated with the abolition of the ‘second serfdom’ in Prussia in the early nineteenth century to urban farming and gardening in twenty first century cities of Europe, America and Africa. On the way it addresses subsistence farming in towns, new communities and garden cities at the turn of the twentieth century and similar initiatives following both world wars, including the vexed question of the unacknowledged but vitally significant subsistence family production in both socialist eastern Europe in general and eastern Germany in particular. Waves of urban and community gardening in the 1970s and 1990s are also discussed, as are recent ‘food sovereignty’ movements such as La Campesina and Nyéléni. It concludes with a call not only to reclaim the commons but to reintroduce the commons as part of a new socio-ecological policy which will feed people and counter unemployment and urban slum development.
{"title":"From small-scale agriculture to urban agriculture: women, subsistence economy, and the question of the commons","authors":"E. Meyer-Renschhausen","doi":"10.1080/25739638.2022.2133444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25739638.2022.2133444","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article presents an historical panorama of the importance of small-scale, subsistence farming, mainly by women, over two centuries: from the loss of the commons associated with the abolition of the ‘second serfdom’ in Prussia in the early nineteenth century to urban farming and gardening in twenty first century cities of Europe, America and Africa. On the way it addresses subsistence farming in towns, new communities and garden cities at the turn of the twentieth century and similar initiatives following both world wars, including the vexed question of the unacknowledged but vitally significant subsistence family production in both socialist eastern Europe in general and eastern Germany in particular. Waves of urban and community gardening in the 1970s and 1990s are also discussed, as are recent ‘food sovereignty’ movements such as La Campesina and Nyéléni. It concludes with a call not only to reclaim the commons but to reintroduce the commons as part of a new socio-ecological policy which will feed people and counter unemployment and urban slum development.","PeriodicalId":37199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"30 1","pages":"391 - 404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48699263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/25739638.2022.2141955
Renate Hürtgen
The war against Ukraine, launched by Putin on 24 February 2022, has split more than just the political Left in Germany. Since that date, every conceivable viewpoint relating to this war of aggression has been widely debated in society; a debate where everybody claims to know better than any other the truth about this war. This struggle for the primacy of interpretation is often conducted with great bitterness and a refusal to compromise. One may condemn this, regret it, even pass judgment, but it makes little difference to the current situation, nor does it get to the underlying causes of the situation where the Left is so divided on the ground. Yet how can one explain the total absence of so much as a remotely common stance across the Left concerning Putin’s war of aggression? How can it be that answers to the question of the “anatomy of the war” (Krausz 2022) differ so markedly? In this contribution I shall not be able to offer a suitable answer to this complex question. Such an answer requires a broad historical reassessment of the role of left-wing thinking and actions in our modern, globalized and capitalistic world. Instead, I would like to try to highlight connections between my own political awakening in the GDR, the process of my politicization when I first confronted this type of society, my own experiences in the struggle with the leadership of the East and West, and my current position regarding the war in Ukraine. I am not rejecting a historical-critical analysis of these events here, but this approach does reveal my own standpoint and prevents it disappearing behind an apparently scientific objectivity. My hope is that these fiercely debated arguments can thus be acknowledged in new ways – or for the first time ever – and that my contribution will provoke greater awareness of the origins and background of each individual standpoint.
{"title":"What is the nature of the war we see in Ukraine?","authors":"Renate Hürtgen","doi":"10.1080/25739638.2022.2141955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25739638.2022.2141955","url":null,"abstract":"The war against Ukraine, launched by Putin on 24 February 2022, has split more than just the political Left in Germany. Since that date, every conceivable viewpoint relating to this war of aggression has been widely debated in society; a debate where everybody claims to know better than any other the truth about this war. This struggle for the primacy of interpretation is often conducted with great bitterness and a refusal to compromise. One may condemn this, regret it, even pass judgment, but it makes little difference to the current situation, nor does it get to the underlying causes of the situation where the Left is so divided on the ground. Yet how can one explain the total absence of so much as a remotely common stance across the Left concerning Putin’s war of aggression? How can it be that answers to the question of the “anatomy of the war” (Krausz 2022) differ so markedly? In this contribution I shall not be able to offer a suitable answer to this complex question. Such an answer requires a broad historical reassessment of the role of left-wing thinking and actions in our modern, globalized and capitalistic world. Instead, I would like to try to highlight connections between my own political awakening in the GDR, the process of my politicization when I first confronted this type of society, my own experiences in the struggle with the leadership of the East and West, and my current position regarding the war in Ukraine. I am not rejecting a historical-critical analysis of these events here, but this approach does reveal my own standpoint and prevents it disappearing behind an apparently scientific objectivity. My hope is that these fiercely debated arguments can thus be acknowledged in new ways – or for the first time ever – and that my contribution will provoke greater awareness of the origins and background of each individual standpoint.","PeriodicalId":37199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"30 1","pages":"455 - 464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49200591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/25739638.2022.2136845
Kristián Földes
ABSTRACT In times of ontological insecurity, identities face pressures of reformulation and doubts over their legitimacy. By analysing the discursive practices of the Hungarian Prime Minister, the following paper addresses the complex process of Hungarian identity construction. Drawing on the intellectual heritage of symbolic interactionism and linking it to the current post-structuralist research, I stress the interconnection of foreign policy and the dialectical Self-Other relationship. Additionally, the article strengthens the argument of previous studies claiming that the Prime Minister intensifies the “othering” in his discourse to gain support for his vision of the Hungarian identity and simultaneously increase the support of voters for his party.
{"title":"The “Hungarian Model” – the dialectical relationship of the Self and the Other on the background of the 2015 refugee crisis","authors":"Kristián Földes","doi":"10.1080/25739638.2022.2136845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25739638.2022.2136845","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In times of ontological insecurity, identities face pressures of reformulation and doubts over their legitimacy. By analysing the discursive practices of the Hungarian Prime Minister, the following paper addresses the complex process of Hungarian identity construction. Drawing on the intellectual heritage of symbolic interactionism and linking it to the current post-structuralist research, I stress the interconnection of foreign policy and the dialectical Self-Other relationship. Additionally, the article strengthens the argument of previous studies claiming that the Prime Minister intensifies the “othering” in his discourse to gain support for his vision of the Hungarian identity and simultaneously increase the support of voters for his party.","PeriodicalId":37199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"30 1","pages":"435 - 453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45547218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/25739638.2022.2138005
I. Morell
ABSTRACT This paper explores how women and men in commodity producer family farms that emerged during the post-socialist transition in Hungary negotiated gendered and entrepreneurial identities within the emergent gender regime balancing between three entangled and conflicting processes related to globalization, retraditionalisation and state socialist legacies. During this period, the agricultural production structure polarized between units with rapid land concentration and intensified commodity production and small-scale subsistence farmers. Gender dynamics showed to have had great importance for how farms could position themselves on the capital accumulation trajectory. The study is based on a selection from fifty life-history interviews carried out with farm families on the commodification trajectory during the post-socialist transition in rural Hungary between 2000 and 2004 (the years prior to Hungary joining the EU), among which a number of farm families were revisited after three years of the first occasion. Four major types of family farms were identified based on how they (un)done the gender entrepreneurship nexus while reconciling production and care: traditional family farm, semi-equal partnerships in joint farms, feminized one-woman farm, masculinized one-man farm. Semi-equal partnerships in joint farms moved towards different directions over time: farms with separate spheres adjusting to care, masculinization, woman-led joint farm with care mission out-sourced, and farms with dual crises of care and enterprise. The demands for reproducing family farms under globalized market pressure assumed the mobilization of family labour. Women’s inputs were of great importance, while their responsibility to organise care prevailed, putting extra pressure on their health and work burden.
{"title":"Gender and entrepreneurship in the formation of family farms during the postsocialist transformation in Hungary","authors":"I. Morell","doi":"10.1080/25739638.2022.2138005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25739638.2022.2138005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores how women and men in commodity producer family farms that emerged during the post-socialist transition in Hungary negotiated gendered and entrepreneurial identities within the emergent gender regime balancing between three entangled and conflicting processes related to globalization, retraditionalisation and state socialist legacies. During this period, the agricultural production structure polarized between units with rapid land concentration and intensified commodity production and small-scale subsistence farmers. Gender dynamics showed to have had great importance for how farms could position themselves on the capital accumulation trajectory. The study is based on a selection from fifty life-history interviews carried out with farm families on the commodification trajectory during the post-socialist transition in rural Hungary between 2000 and 2004 (the years prior to Hungary joining the EU), among which a number of farm families were revisited after three years of the first occasion. Four major types of family farms were identified based on how they (un)done the gender entrepreneurship nexus while reconciling production and care: traditional family farm, semi-equal partnerships in joint farms, feminized one-woman farm, masculinized one-man farm. Semi-equal partnerships in joint farms moved towards different directions over time: farms with separate spheres adjusting to care, masculinization, woman-led joint farm with care mission out-sourced, and farms with dual crises of care and enterprise. The demands for reproducing family farms under globalized market pressure assumed the mobilization of family labour. Women’s inputs were of great importance, while their responsibility to organise care prevailed, putting extra pressure on their health and work burden.","PeriodicalId":37199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"30 1","pages":"369 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46632316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/25739638.2022.2133443
L. Scholze-Irrlitz
Abstract The widespread notion that women in capitalist and socialist agriculture occupied similar positions will be questioned in this article by use of a variety of sources and interview materials: it is necessary to discuss professional qualifications, the experience of work and training as well as family structures in two periods, the 1960s and the 1980s. Is the term ‘modernisation’ appropriate for this finding, and what can be found in the concrete sources? Local examples will be evaluated on the basis of the parish of Brodowin, which is today part of the Schorfheide-Chorin district, approximately 60 kilometres north-east of Berlin, and Klützer Winkel, a village in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern not far from the old border between East and West Germany. Further consideration is given to working conditions after the ‘change of system’, when the impact of the Agriculture Adjustment Act could be felt by those concerned. Overall, in the last two decades, economic and social conditions have resulted in a situation where women have been unable to use positively their professional qualifications, their own income, their own social and old-age insurance, specific women’s rights or their self-determined non-family childcare experience (nurseries, kindergartens, school day-care centres) What role did one’s own experience in the field of professional qualifications play, for different age-groups of female workers, in terms of developing options for coping with the situation of social collapse in the 1990s? How does this relate to decisions about migration and especially about the process of deciding to move away from rural areas?
{"title":"Modernity and professional life in the GDR: women in agriculture","authors":"L. Scholze-Irrlitz","doi":"10.1080/25739638.2022.2133443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25739638.2022.2133443","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The widespread notion that women in capitalist and socialist agriculture occupied similar positions will be questioned in this article by use of a variety of sources and interview materials: it is necessary to discuss professional qualifications, the experience of work and training as well as family structures in two periods, the 1960s and the 1980s. Is the term ‘modernisation’ appropriate for this finding, and what can be found in the concrete sources? Local examples will be evaluated on the basis of the parish of Brodowin, which is today part of the Schorfheide-Chorin district, approximately 60 kilometres north-east of Berlin, and Klützer Winkel, a village in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern not far from the old border between East and West Germany. Further consideration is given to working conditions after the ‘change of system’, when the impact of the Agriculture Adjustment Act could be felt by those concerned. Overall, in the last two decades, economic and social conditions have resulted in a situation where women have been unable to use positively their professional qualifications, their own income, their own social and old-age insurance, specific women’s rights or their self-determined non-family childcare experience (nurseries, kindergartens, school day-care centres) What role did one’s own experience in the field of professional qualifications play, for different age-groups of female workers, in terms of developing options for coping with the situation of social collapse in the 1990s? How does this relate to decisions about migration and especially about the process of deciding to move away from rural areas?","PeriodicalId":37199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"30 1","pages":"361 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46914990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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