Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385967
Kenneth W. Mays
A 40 GHz power amplifier is realized with a new 0.15 um optical lithography pHEMT process developed for low-cost microwave and millimeter wave circuits. Several Ka and V Band market requirements have driven demand for higher bandwidth, low-cost, integrated circuits. A 40 GHz power amplifier is used to demonstrate the process capabilities, starting from the initial design phase and culminating with the fabrication and measurement of the solid state power amplifier.
{"title":"A 40 GHz power amplifier using a low cost high volume 0.15 um optical lithography pHEMT process","authors":"Kenneth W. Mays","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385967","url":null,"abstract":"A 40 GHz power amplifier is realized with a new 0.15 um optical lithography pHEMT process developed for low-cost microwave and millimeter wave circuits. Several Ka and V Band market requirements have driven demand for higher bandwidth, low-cost, integrated circuits. A 40 GHz power amplifier is used to demonstrate the process capabilities, starting from the initial design phase and culminating with the fabrication and measurement of the solid state power amplifier.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"461 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123804569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386068
E. Granot, Raviv Weber, S. Tzadok, Guy Gertel, N. Narkiss
A comparison between the RF-over-fiber and the RF-over-coax technologies is presented. It is shown that while in relatively short delay lines the coax technology will do, for delay lines longer than a certain distance the fiber technology has a clear advantages: Beyond several microseconds it is better in terms of volume, Noise Figure and cost.
{"title":"Fibers vs. coax for RF delay line applications","authors":"E. Granot, Raviv Weber, S. Tzadok, Guy Gertel, N. Narkiss","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386068","url":null,"abstract":"A comparison between the RF-over-fiber and the RF-over-coax technologies is presented. It is shown that while in relatively short delay lines the coax technology will do, for delay lines longer than a certain distance the fiber technology has a clear advantages: Beyond several microseconds it is better in terms of volume, Noise Figure and cost.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126100519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386018
V. Shumaev, A. Kolchev, D. Shpak
In this work describe some new functional possibilities of chirp ionosonde in addition to building of oblique sounding ionograms. It is separation of signal and noise on output of receiver, detection of spectrum concentrate disturbance, rejection of spectrum concentrate disturbances and cleaning ionograms from strange signals, measuring characteristics of signal and noise, reconstruction of signal reflected from ionosphere, estimation the signal-to-noise ratio in receiver band. These possibilities were realized by change the procedure of the processing the signal on the output of receiver.
{"title":"Special facilities of chirp ionosonde","authors":"V. Shumaev, A. Kolchev, D. Shpak","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386018","url":null,"abstract":"In this work describe some new functional possibilities of chirp ionosonde in addition to building of oblique sounding ionograms. It is separation of signal and noise on output of receiver, detection of spectrum concentrate disturbance, rejection of spectrum concentrate disturbances and cleaning ionograms from strange signals, measuring characteristics of signal and noise, reconstruction of signal reflected from ionosphere, estimation the signal-to-noise ratio in receiver band. These possibilities were realized by change the procedure of the processing the signal on the output of receiver.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126372063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386051
E. David, T. Zlotnikov, L. Gal, O. Lavie, Y. Nemirovsky
This paper presents a novel MEMS comb-structured variable capacitor at 20GHz that features a wide capacitance tuning range of 200%, yet avoids unwanted coupling through the springs. This new varactor consists of three comb structures — two of which are anchored to the substrate, while the third, which capacitively couples the two anchored ones, is movable, suspended on mechanical springs. This new design decouples the mechanical mechanism from the RF capacitor and allows an independent optimal design of the two.
{"title":"High tuning range MEMS capacitor for microwave applications","authors":"E. David, T. Zlotnikov, L. Gal, O. Lavie, Y. Nemirovsky","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386051","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel MEMS comb-structured variable capacitor at 20GHz that features a wide capacitance tuning range of 200%, yet avoids unwanted coupling through the springs. This new varactor consists of three comb structures — two of which are anchored to the substrate, while the third, which capacitively couples the two anchored ones, is movable, suspended on mechanical springs. This new design decouples the mechanical mechanism from the RF capacitor and allows an independent optimal design of the two.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129287485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386048
M. Peleg
A cancer cluster which occurred among young workers in an antenna ranges facility is reported. Five out of about 30 workers were diagnosed with cancer. The calculated Odds Ratio (OR) was 8.3 with Confidence Interval (CI 95%) of 2.3 to 19. Since this is a single cluster no definite conclusions can be drawn from it by itself, however together with other similar cases reported elsewhere it tends to indicate a severe cancer risk for groups of young people exposed repetitively and over years to non-ionizing radio-frequency radiation at levels limited only by the ICNIRP thermal limits.
{"title":"Report on a cancer cluster in an antenna ranges facility","authors":"M. Peleg","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386048","url":null,"abstract":"A cancer cluster which occurred among young workers in an antenna ranges facility is reported. Five out of about 30 workers were diagnosed with cancer. The calculated Odds Ratio (OR) was 8.3 with Confidence Interval (CI 95%) of 2.3 to 19. Since this is a single cluster no definite conclusions can be drawn from it by itself, however together with other similar cases reported elsewhere it tends to indicate a severe cancer risk for groups of young people exposed repetitively and over years to non-ionizing radio-frequency radiation at levels limited only by the ICNIRP thermal limits.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128903604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385979
C. Fulton, W. Chappell
Several techniques for calibrating and aligning different aspects of a digital phased array are demonstrated using a 16-element, panelized, vertically-polarized S-band subarray with element-level digitization on both transmit and receive. These techniques make use of the element-level functionality not only to expedite the process of initial alignment and calibration but to enhance the ability of the array to maintain and enforce this calibration over time as RF/analog system variations occur. A method for maintaining element amplitude and phase over time in fully digitized arrays is demonstrated as well as a technique for element-level self-calibration of quadrature mismatches.
{"title":"Calibration techniques for digital phased arrays","authors":"C. Fulton, W. Chappell","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385979","url":null,"abstract":"Several techniques for calibrating and aligning different aspects of a digital phased array are demonstrated using a 16-element, panelized, vertically-polarized S-band subarray with element-level digitization on both transmit and receive. These techniques make use of the element-level functionality not only to expedite the process of initial alignment and calibration but to enhance the ability of the array to maintain and enforce this calibration over time as RF/analog system variations occur. A method for maintaining element amplitude and phase over time in fully digitized arrays is demonstrated as well as a technique for element-level self-calibration of quadrature mismatches.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126953606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385971
J. Heidrich, D. Brenk, J. Essel, G. Hofer, G. Holweg, G. Fischer, R. Weigel
In this paper a low voltage RC oscillator for standard RFID applications and local positioning is presented. Its bias current is provided by a current-mode bandgap whose reference voltage can also be used for enhanced transponder applications like sensing. The chip is designed in a 0.13 µm CMOS technology with p substrate. It was developed at the Institute for Electronics Engineering within the scope of a research project supported by the Bavarian Research Foundation.
本文介绍了一种适用于标准RFID应用和局部定位的低压RC振荡器。其偏置电流由电流模式带隙提供，其参考电压也可用于增强的应答器应用，如传感。该芯片采用0.13 μ m CMOS技术和p衬底设计。它是由电子工程研究所在巴伐利亚研究基金会支持的一个研究项目范围内开发的。
{"title":"Low voltage reference cells for UHF transponders with advanced features","authors":"J. Heidrich, D. Brenk, J. Essel, G. Hofer, G. Holweg, G. Fischer, R. Weigel","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385971","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a low voltage RC oscillator for standard RFID applications and local positioning is presented. Its bias current is provided by a current-mode bandgap whose reference voltage can also be used for enhanced transponder applications like sensing. The chip is designed in a 0.13 µm CMOS technology with p substrate. It was developed at the Institute for Electronics Engineering within the scope of a research project supported by the Bavarian Research Foundation.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121164656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386045
Omer Lavy, L. Gal, Danny Weicherman, S. Stolyarova, E. David, A. Saad, Y. Nemirovsky
This paper presents a MEMS surface micro-machined varactor. The dynamic range of this class of varactors is governed by pull-in instability which is ideally one-third of the initial gap between the two electrodes. This paper presents a simple T varactor, whose pull-in stability and hence its dynamic range are increased by applying two independent voltage sources. We introduce an electromechanical model for the proposed structure, and a full analytic solution to the attached pull in problem. Our varactor has capacitance ratio of 2.43:1.
{"title":"MEMS tunable capacitor with wide tuning range using multiple voltage sources","authors":"Omer Lavy, L. Gal, Danny Weicherman, S. Stolyarova, E. David, A. Saad, Y. Nemirovsky","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386045","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a MEMS surface micro-machined varactor. The dynamic range of this class of varactors is governed by pull-in instability which is ideally one-third of the initial gap between the two electrodes. This paper presents a simple T varactor, whose pull-in stability and hence its dynamic range are increased by applying two independent voltage sources. We introduce an electromechanical model for the proposed structure, and a full analytic solution to the attached pull in problem. Our varactor has capacitance ratio of 2.43:1.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116330683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386026
Y. Linn
In a series of papers in recent years new structures for coherent M-PSK (M-ary Phase Shift Keying) receivers were suggested. These include structures for carrier phase detectors for the carrier PLL (Phase Lock Loop), carrier PLL lock detectors, symbol timing error detectors, symbol synchronization PLL lock detectors, carrier and symbol PLL loop filters, and SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) estimators. Taken together, it can be said that these structures define a new architecture for coherent M-PSK receivers. This architecture has several unique characteristics: (a) it is very suitable for compact implementation within an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit); (b) it is resilient to AGC (Automatic Gain Control) imperfections; (c) it is particularly optimized for implementation using fixed-point binary arithmetic. In this paper we review the aforementioned structures and the interrelationships between them and discuss various optimizations and implementation details of the proposed receiver architecture. Because of the suitability of the proposed architecture with regards to fixed-point hardware implementations, it is particularly suitable for low-power operation and high data rates, both of which are very important attributes in contemporary communications systems. Results obtained through hardware implementation of the proposed architecture are presented and are compared to theoretical results. We also briefly discuss possible applications of the proposed structures to other related modulations, such as D-MPSK (Differential M-PSK), QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), OMPSK (Offset MPSK), MSK (Minimum Shift Keying), GMSK (Gaussian MSK), and other CPM modulations, as well as for hierarchical constellations and cognitive radio.
{"title":"A new architecture for coherent M-PSK receivers","authors":"Y. Linn","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386026","url":null,"abstract":"In a series of papers in recent years new structures for coherent M-PSK (M-ary Phase Shift Keying) receivers were suggested. These include structures for carrier phase detectors for the carrier PLL (Phase Lock Loop), carrier PLL lock detectors, symbol timing error detectors, symbol synchronization PLL lock detectors, carrier and symbol PLL loop filters, and SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) estimators. Taken together, it can be said that these structures define a new architecture for coherent M-PSK receivers. This architecture has several unique characteristics: (a) it is very suitable for compact implementation within an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit); (b) it is resilient to AGC (Automatic Gain Control) imperfections; (c) it is particularly optimized for implementation using fixed-point binary arithmetic. In this paper we review the aforementioned structures and the interrelationships between them and discuss various optimizations and implementation details of the proposed receiver architecture. Because of the suitability of the proposed architecture with regards to fixed-point hardware implementations, it is particularly suitable for low-power operation and high data rates, both of which are very important attributes in contemporary communications systems. Results obtained through hardware implementation of the proposed architecture are presented and are compared to theoretical results. We also briefly discuss possible applications of the proposed structures to other related modulations, such as D-MPSK (Differential M-PSK), QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), OMPSK (Offset MPSK), MSK (Minimum Shift Keying), GMSK (Gaussian MSK), and other CPM modulations, as well as for hierarchical constellations and cognitive radio.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125234871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386046
F. Yanovsky
This paper considers Doppler-polarimetric radar methods in application to observing distributed targets. Examples of typical distributed targets are meteorological objects. For instance, among wide variety of meteorological objects, such targets as clouds with precipitation are considered. Developed mathematical models of Doppler-polarimetric reflections from distributed targets as rain and clouds are discussed. Phenomenological and mathematical aspects of the relationships between different Doppler-polarimetric measurable variables and parameters of the object under observation such as its microstructure and dynamic properties of scatterers inside the resolution volume are considered. Implementation of Doppler-polarimetric approach, which requires significant processing power, in reasonable devices is considered.
{"title":"Doppler-polarimetric radar system for recognition of distributed objects","authors":"F. Yanovsky","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386046","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers Doppler-polarimetric radar methods in application to observing distributed targets. Examples of typical distributed targets are meteorological objects. For instance, among wide variety of meteorological objects, such targets as clouds with precipitation are considered. Developed mathematical models of Doppler-polarimetric reflections from distributed targets as rain and clouds are discussed. Phenomenological and mathematical aspects of the relationships between different Doppler-polarimetric measurable variables and parameters of the object under observation such as its microstructure and dynamic properties of scatterers inside the resolution volume are considered. Implementation of Doppler-polarimetric approach, which requires significant processing power, in reasonable devices is considered.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130699490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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