Water issues represent an increasing societal challenge, since the 70% of Planet Earth is covered by water. The intensive use of the hydrosphere is changing the structure and functions of aquatic ecosystems and their ability to produce goods and services that are useful to humans. It is therefore necessary that the scientific community makes citizens aware of the results of scientific research on these issues and informs them about the need to intensify the study of the mechanisms that underlie the ongoing changes in aquatic ecosystems. To help meet this need, within the 23rd Congress of the Italian Association of Oceanology and Limnology (AIOL; http://www.aiol.info/), entitled "Functioning, alteration and recovery of aquatic ecosystems: the aquatic sciences to understand global change and to make the citizens aware of it" (Cagliari, Italy, 26-29 September 2017), all participants, among which some renown experts in the field of aquatic sciences, were invited to give their contribution, via a shared and bottom-up built questionnaire, in assessing a set of actions needed to achieve an adaptive and proactive management of changes that the aquatic sciences are going to face in the next five years. The results of this survey allowed us to identify a set of priorities that funding agencies should include in their economic and financial planning in the next future. Among all, we pinpoint that there is an urgent need in: (i) promoting sustainable food production by exploiting aquatic systems; (ii) diffusing an opportune spatial planning integrating ecosystem-based management approaches; (iii) developing recovery/remediation plans for contaminated sites; iv) promoting conservation of ecosystems by assessing their conservation status, first of all the water/ecosystem quality; (v) fostering the technological development of sustainable and integrated tools and procedures for environmental monitoring; (vi) developing a better forecasting capacity, particularly of extreme events, by implementing long-term research networks; and, ultimately, (vii) supporting a wider society learning processes and a more effective transfer of knowledge from science to society.
{"title":"Present and future of aquatic sciences: The perspective of AIOL scientific community for a priority roadmap over the next five years","authors":"F. Alvisi, D. D’Alelio","doi":"10.4081/AIOL.2018.7580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/AIOL.2018.7580","url":null,"abstract":"Water issues represent an increasing societal challenge, since the 70% of Planet Earth is covered by water. The intensive use of the hydrosphere is changing the structure and functions of aquatic ecosystems and their ability to produce goods and services that are useful to humans. It is therefore necessary that the scientific community makes citizens aware of the results of scientific research on these issues and informs them about the need to intensify the study of the mechanisms that underlie the ongoing changes in aquatic ecosystems. To help meet this need, within the 23rd Congress of the Italian Association of Oceanology and Limnology (AIOL; http://www.aiol.info/), entitled \"Functioning, alteration and recovery of aquatic ecosystems: the aquatic sciences to understand global change and to make the citizens aware of it\" (Cagliari, Italy, 26-29 September 2017), all participants, among which some renown experts in the field of aquatic sciences, were invited to give their contribution, via a shared and bottom-up built questionnaire, in assessing a set of actions needed to achieve an adaptive and proactive management of changes that the aquatic sciences are going to face in the next five years. The results of this survey allowed us to identify a set of priorities that funding agencies should include in their economic and financial planning in the next future. Among all, we pinpoint that there is an urgent need in: (i) promoting sustainable food production by exploiting aquatic systems; (ii) diffusing an opportune spatial planning integrating ecosystem-based management approaches; (iii) developing recovery/remediation plans for contaminated sites; iv) promoting conservation of ecosystems by assessing their conservation status, first of all the water/ecosystem quality; (v) fostering the technological development of sustainable and integrated tools and procedures for environmental monitoring; (vi) developing a better forecasting capacity, particularly of extreme events, by implementing long-term research networks; and, ultimately, (vii) supporting a wider society learning processes and a more effective transfer of knowledge from science to society.","PeriodicalId":37306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Oceanography and Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/AIOL.2018.7580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46881047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Cau, L. Bramanti, R. Cannas, D. Moccia, B. Padedda, C. Porcu, F. Sacco, M. C. Follesa
Over the last decades, Global Climate Change (GCC) caused increase in seawater temperature, which have shown to be detrimental for Mediterranean red coral populations (Corallium rubrum). Recent researches described how responses to temperature increase can differ depending on location and previous stress history; however, investigations throughout a wide bathymetric range on the thermo-tolerance of specimens sharing the same thermally stable environment are still lacking. In order to test if C. rubrum colonies dwelling below the thermocline threshold have an intrinsic different sensitivity to thermal stress, corals at different depths (32 m and 100 m) were collected, kept in aquaria, and their responses to stress analysed in lab experiments. Oxygen consumption and necrosis dynamics were estimated at different temperature regimes (14°C; 21°C and 25°C). Shallow water samples showed a significant lower oxygen consumption and coenosarc necrosis at all temperatures, revealing a potential higher survival rate in stress conditions. On the other hand, significant differences in oxygen consumption between shallow and deep dwelling samples were detected in the 21°C treatment, and after 5 days in the necrosis experiment, underlining, however, a good capacity of tolerance to temperature increase also in deep colonies. Implications of the obtained results for conservation of Mediterranean red corals are illustrated and discussed.
{"title":"Differential response to thermal stress of shallow and deep dwelling colonies of Mediterranean red coral Corallium rubrum (L., 1758)","authors":"A. Cau, L. Bramanti, R. Cannas, D. Moccia, B. Padedda, C. Porcu, F. Sacco, M. C. Follesa","doi":"10.4081/AIOL.2018.7275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/AIOL.2018.7275","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decades, Global Climate Change (GCC) caused increase in seawater temperature, which have shown to be detrimental for Mediterranean red coral populations (Corallium rubrum). Recent researches described how responses to temperature increase can differ depending on location and previous stress history; however, investigations throughout a wide bathymetric range on the thermo-tolerance of specimens sharing the same thermally stable environment are still lacking. In order to test if C. rubrum colonies dwelling below the thermocline threshold have an intrinsic different sensitivity to thermal stress, corals at different depths (32 m and 100 m) were collected, kept in aquaria, and their responses to stress analysed in lab experiments. Oxygen consumption and necrosis dynamics were estimated at different temperature regimes (14°C; 21°C and 25°C). Shallow water samples showed a significant lower oxygen consumption and coenosarc necrosis at all temperatures, revealing a potential higher survival rate in stress conditions. On the other hand, significant differences in oxygen consumption between shallow and deep dwelling samples were detected in the 21°C treatment, and after 5 days in the necrosis experiment, underlining, however, a good capacity of tolerance to temperature increase also in deep colonies. Implications of the obtained results for conservation of Mediterranean red corals are illustrated and discussed. ","PeriodicalId":37306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Oceanography and Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/AIOL.2018.7275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48976989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Water Framework Directive asks to all Member States of the European Union to classify the ecological quality of significant waterbodies on the basis of the biological communities they host. One of the biological communities that must be used for the ecological quality assessment is the periphytic community, mainly composed by diatoms. In Italy, diatom-based lake quality assessment is performed using a specific index, named EPI-L, based on the method of weighted averages. For each species, a trophic score and an indicator weight were calculated. In order to reduce the complexity of the lake quality assessment, we calibrated a variant of EPI-L, using diatoms genera instead of species, and we compared the performance of these two variants in terms of correlation with the nutrient level and of different classification of each lake.
{"title":"Using benthic diatoms for estimating lake ecological quality: Comparing different taxonomic resolution","authors":"A. Marchetto, T. Sforzi","doi":"10.4081/AIOL.2018.7389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/AIOL.2018.7389","url":null,"abstract":"The Water Framework Directive asks to all Member States of the European Union to classify the ecological quality of significant waterbodies on the basis of the biological communities they host. One of the biological communities that must be used for the ecological quality assessment is the periphytic community, mainly composed by diatoms. In Italy, diatom-based lake quality assessment is performed using a specific index, named EPI-L, based on the method of weighted averages. For each species, a trophic score and an indicator weight were calculated. In order to reduce the complexity of the lake quality assessment, we calibrated a variant of EPI-L, using diatoms genera instead of species, and we compared the performance of these two variants in terms of correlation with the nutrient level and of different classification of each lake.","PeriodicalId":37306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Oceanography and Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/AIOL.2018.7389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42857212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In estuaries, detrital (i.e., non-living) organic matter (OM) contributes significantly to the particulate organic matter (POM) pool and we hypothesize that it may be a major source of estuarine zooplankton diet. To test this hypothesis, the isotopic composition of carbon (d13C) and nitrogen (d15N) of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and POM was assessed in the Godavari estuary (Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean) during wet (November) and dry periods (January). As a result of higher riverine discharge, POM concentrations and values of the C/Chl-a ratio during the wet period were higher than those measured during the dry one. Relatively lower δ13CPOM values were observed during wet than dry period and contrasting to that was found for δ15NPOM. Detritus from fresh water algae and C3 plants contributed significantly to the POM pool during the wet and dry period, respectively. Based on isotopic mixing model, detrital OM and phytoplankton mostly characterized the POM pools during the wet and dry periods, respectively. Accordingly, our results suggest also that the zooplankton diet was mostly supported by detrital OM during the wet period and by both phytoplankton and detrital OM during the dry one. The zooplankton trophic level (TL, 2.7) during the wet period was relatively higher than that (1.9) during the dry one, suggesting a relative higher preference for detritus than phytoplankton during the wet period. The results of this study allowed us confirming that detrital OM can significantly support zooplankton production in the Godavari estuary.
{"title":"Influence of river discharge on zooplankton diet in the Godavari estuary (Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean)","authors":"J. Mukherjee, S. A. Naidu, V. Sarma, T. Ghosh","doi":"10.4081/aiol.2018.7266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2018.7266","url":null,"abstract":"In estuaries, detrital (i.e., non-living) organic matter (OM) contributes significantly to the particulate organic matter (POM) pool and we hypothesize that it may be a major source of estuarine zooplankton diet. To test this hypothesis, the isotopic composition of carbon (d13C) and nitrogen (d15N) of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and POM was assessed in the Godavari estuary (Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean) during wet (November) and dry periods (January). As a result of higher riverine discharge, POM concentrations and values of the C/Chl-a ratio during the wet period were higher than those measured during the dry one. Relatively lower δ13CPOM values were observed during wet than dry period and contrasting to that was found for δ15NPOM. Detritus from fresh water algae and C3 plants contributed significantly to the POM pool during the wet and dry period, respectively. Based on isotopic mixing model, detrital OM and phytoplankton mostly characterized the POM pools during the wet and dry periods, respectively. Accordingly, our results suggest also that the zooplankton diet was mostly supported by detrital OM during the wet period and by both phytoplankton and detrital OM during the dry one. The zooplankton trophic level (TL, 2.7) during the wet period was relatively higher than that (1.9) during the dry one, suggesting a relative higher preference for detritus than phytoplankton during the wet period. The results of this study allowed us confirming that detrital OM can significantly support zooplankton production in the Godavari estuary.","PeriodicalId":37306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Oceanography and Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/aiol.2018.7266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46756319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ruiz‐González, Juan Pablo Niño‐García, M. Berggren, P. Giorgio
Freshwater bacterioplankton communities are influenced by the transport of bacteria from the surrounding terrestrial environments. It has been shown that, although most of these dispersed bacteria gradually disappear along the hydrologic continuum, some can thrive in aquatic systems and become dominant, leading to a gradual succession of communities. Here we aimed at exploring the environmental factors driving the structure of such contrasting bacterial populations as well as their functional properties. Using Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, we characterized the taxonomic composition of bacterioplankton communities from 10 streams and rivers in Quebec spanning the whole hydrologic continuum (river Strahler order 0 to 7), which were sampled in two occasions. With the aim to understand the fate and controls of the transported bacteria, among the taxa present at the origin of the hydrologic gradient ( i.e ., in the smallest headwater streams) we identified two types of dynamics: i) ‘Tourist’ taxa, which were those that decreased in abundance from the headwaters towards the largest rivers, and ii) ‘Seed’ taxa, those that increased their abundances along the hydrologic continuum. Communities changed gradually from the fast-flowing headwater streams dominated by ‘Tourist’ taxa (ca. 95% of the sequences) towards the largest rivers (Strahler order 4-7) where ‘Seed’ taxa comprised up to 80% of community sequences. Variation in taxonomic composition of the communities dominated by ‘Tourist’ taxa in streams seemed related to different degree of terrestrial inputs, whereas compositional changes in ‘Seed’ communities in the large rivers were linked to differences in autochthonous processes. Finally, the two types of communities differed significantly in their metabolic potential assessed through Biolog Ecoplates. All this suggests that hydrologic transport modulates the gradual replacement of two contrasting population types subjected to different environmental controls and with different metabolic potentials. Moreover, we show that the separate exploration of the two pools of taxa allows unveiling environmental drivers and processes operating on them that remain hidden if explored at the whole community level.
{"title":"Contrasting dynamics and environmental controls of dispersed bacteria along a hydrologic gradient","authors":"C. Ruiz‐González, Juan Pablo Niño‐García, M. Berggren, P. Giorgio","doi":"10.4081/AIOL.2017.7232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/AIOL.2017.7232","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater bacterioplankton communities are influenced by the transport of bacteria from the surrounding terrestrial environments. It has been shown that, although most of these dispersed bacteria gradually disappear along the hydrologic continuum, some can thrive in aquatic systems and become dominant, leading to a gradual succession of communities. Here we aimed at exploring the environmental factors driving the structure of such contrasting bacterial populations as well as their functional properties. Using Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, we characterized the taxonomic composition of bacterioplankton communities from 10 streams and rivers in Quebec spanning the whole hydrologic continuum (river Strahler order 0 to 7), which were sampled in two occasions. With the aim to understand the fate and controls of the transported bacteria, among the taxa present at the origin of the hydrologic gradient ( i.e ., in the smallest headwater streams) we identified two types of dynamics: i) ‘Tourist’ taxa, which were those that decreased in abundance from the headwaters towards the largest rivers, and ii) ‘Seed’ taxa, those that increased their abundances along the hydrologic continuum. Communities changed gradually from the fast-flowing headwater streams dominated by ‘Tourist’ taxa (ca. 95% of the sequences) towards the largest rivers (Strahler order 4-7) where ‘Seed’ taxa comprised up to 80% of community sequences. Variation in taxonomic composition of the communities dominated by ‘Tourist’ taxa in streams seemed related to different degree of terrestrial inputs, whereas compositional changes in ‘Seed’ communities in the large rivers were linked to differences in autochthonous processes. Finally, the two types of communities differed significantly in their metabolic potential assessed through Biolog Ecoplates. All this suggests that hydrologic transport modulates the gradual replacement of two contrasting population types subjected to different environmental controls and with different metabolic potentials. Moreover, we show that the separate exploration of the two pools of taxa allows unveiling environmental drivers and processes operating on them that remain hidden if explored at the whole community level.","PeriodicalId":37306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Oceanography and Limnology","volume":"8 1","pages":"222-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/AIOL.2017.7232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47301092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plastic marine debris represents a global threat for the marine environment, having serious consequences for the ocean, the wildlife and the human health. While the plastics distribution, fate, persistence and toxicity mechanisms for the marine fauna have been more studied in the last decade, small efforts have been devoted to identify and characterize marine microbes that colonize plastic and microplastic debris in the ocean, and their potential to degrade plastics. Here we review the knowledge on the microbial biodiversity and degradation mechanisms of marine plastic debris, and present data, based on metagenomic analyses, on the distribution patterns of genes potentially involved in microbially-mediated plastic degradation in coastal locations across the global ocean. Most studies on plastic-colonizing microbes have focused on seawater rather than sediment, with most studies underlining striking differences in composition between assemblages attached to plastic particles and those in the surrounding environment. The diversity of microbes attached to plastic is high, and the core epiplastic microbial assemblages include often hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, as well as prokaryotic and eukaryotic phototrophs. Several marine microbes have shown to be able to degrade or deteriorate plastic in the laboratory, or to grow on plastic as the only source of carbon, while indirect evidences suggest that microbially-mediated degradation of recalcitrant plastics also occur in the ocean, though at very low rates. Metagenomic analyses show that plastic degradation-related genes are present in microbial assemblages in several coastal ocean sites, with relative abundance related to the magnitude of plastic pollution at each site. Further research is required to study microbial plastic-degraders in the marine ecosystem, to decipher and exploit the potential of microbial consortia to degrade or mineralize plastic compounds, and to better understand the fate and residence times of plastic waste in the ocean.
{"title":"Surfing and dining on the “plastisphere”: Microbial life on plastic marine debris","authors":"G. M. Quero, G. M. Luna","doi":"10.4081/AIOL.2017.7211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/AIOL.2017.7211","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic marine debris represents a global threat for the marine environment, having serious consequences for the ocean, the wildlife and the human health. While the plastics distribution, fate, persistence and toxicity mechanisms for the marine fauna have been more studied in the last decade, small efforts have been devoted to identify and characterize marine microbes that colonize plastic and microplastic debris in the ocean, and their potential to degrade plastics. Here we review the knowledge on the microbial biodiversity and degradation mechanisms of marine plastic debris, and present data, based on metagenomic analyses, on the distribution patterns of genes potentially involved in microbially-mediated plastic degradation in coastal locations across the global ocean. Most studies on plastic-colonizing microbes have focused on seawater rather than sediment, with most studies underlining striking differences in composition between assemblages attached to plastic particles and those in the surrounding environment. The diversity of microbes attached to plastic is high, and the core epiplastic microbial assemblages include often hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, as well as prokaryotic and eukaryotic phototrophs. Several marine microbes have shown to be able to degrade or deteriorate plastic in the laboratory, or to grow on plastic as the only source of carbon, while indirect evidences suggest that microbially-mediated degradation of recalcitrant plastics also occur in the ocean, though at very low rates. Metagenomic analyses show that plastic degradation-related genes are present in microbial assemblages in several coastal ocean sites, with relative abundance related to the magnitude of plastic pollution at each site. Further research is required to study microbial plastic-degraders in the marine ecosystem, to decipher and exploit the potential of microbial consortia to degrade or mineralize plastic compounds, and to better understand the fate and residence times of plastic waste in the ocean.","PeriodicalId":37306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Oceanography and Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/AIOL.2017.7211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42615711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The functioning of natural communities is the cumulative outcome of multifaceted and intersecting ecological and evolutionary processes occurring at species level. Species are not stable entities but evolve in consequence of contingent factors including the relationships they establish with the environment and other co-occurring species. Studying ecosystems with an eco-evo approach, i.e ., by explicitly considering species evolution and interactions, is thus an essential step to envisioning their adaptation to environmental changes. Such approach is particularly suitable for studying plankton, a community of both rapidly evolving and strongly interconnected species. In this context, Long Term Ecological Research studies (LTER) represent a promising approach to explore nature at different levels of complexity, from species to ecosystems. Herein, I examine the most recent results coming from the three-decades plankton LTER ‘MareChiara’ (LTER-MC) in the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean Sea, Italy) and discuss their suitability in deepening knowledge on: i) evolutionary bases to plankton biodiversity ( i.e ., the founding property of both species and community adaptive potential); ii) ecological and evolutionary determinants of population and community dynamics; and iii) biological mechanisms behind plankton system functioning.
{"title":"Biological complexity behind plankton system functioning: Synthesis and perspectives from a marine Long Term Ecological Research","authors":"D. D’Alelio","doi":"10.4081/AIOL.2017.7194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/AIOL.2017.7194","url":null,"abstract":"The functioning of natural communities is the cumulative outcome of multifaceted and intersecting ecological and evolutionary processes occurring at species level. Species are not stable entities but evolve in consequence of contingent factors including the relationships they establish with the environment and other co-occurring species. Studying ecosystems with an eco-evo approach, i.e ., by explicitly considering species evolution and interactions, is thus an essential step to envisioning their adaptation to environmental changes. Such approach is particularly suitable for studying plankton, a community of both rapidly evolving and strongly interconnected species. In this context, Long Term Ecological Research studies (LTER) represent a promising approach to explore nature at different levels of complexity, from species to ecosystems. Herein, I examine the most recent results coming from the three-decades plankton LTER ‘MareChiara’ (LTER-MC) in the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean Sea, Italy) and discuss their suitability in deepening knowledge on: i) evolutionary bases to plankton biodiversity ( i.e ., the founding property of both species and community adaptive potential); ii) ecological and evolutionary determinants of population and community dynamics; and iii) biological mechanisms behind plankton system functioning.","PeriodicalId":37306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Oceanography and Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/AIOL.2017.7194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46950223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salps (pelagic tunicates) are rarely observed in nature and trophic interactions involving them mainly rely on the inspection of stomach contents of their potential predators. Moreover, salps have soft bodies that are hardly identified in potential consumers. We involved recreational SCUBA-divers and photographers in collecting de visu evidence of i) massive occurrence of salps and ii) trophic interactions involving salps as preys and benthic animals as consumers. Direct evidence of trophic interactions between salps and benthic fish was documented by photographic frames. We detected a long colony of the salp Pegea confaederata being transported by currents close to the substrate on top of Banco di Santa Croce, an underwater rocky outcrop in the Gulf of Naples (Italy). An individual of the rainbow wrasse Coris julis attacked the above-mentioned salp colony by selectively detaching individuals and biting their stomach. Our report of a trophic interaction between labrids and salps is the second in fifty years and the previous one was only indirect. In this study, citizen science allowed detecting both neglected marine animals like salps and trophic interactions involving them. Visual, direct evidence of predation on salps by benthic fish adds further knowledge about patterns of living-matter fluxes between plankton and benthos, opening new questions on the potential of global change in modifying the efficient circulation of organic matter in marine systems.
Salps（中上层被膜动物）在自然界中很少观察到，涉及它们的营养相互作用主要取决于对其潜在捕食者胃内容物的检查。此外，三文鱼的身体柔软，很难在潜在消费者中找到。我们让娱乐性SCUBA潜水员和摄影师参与收集证据，证明i）沙鱼大量出现，ii）沙鱼作为猎物和底栖动物作为消费者的营养相互作用。照片框架记录了鲑鱼和底栖鱼类之间营养相互作用的直接证据。我们在那不勒斯湾（意大利）的水下岩石露头Banco di Santa Croce的顶部发现了一个由洋流输送的长群落。彩虹濑鱼Coris julis的一个个体通过选择性地分离个体并咬它们的胃来攻击上述的salp群体。我们关于labrids和salps之间营养相互作用的报告是50年来的第二次，之前的报告只是间接的。在这项研究中，公民科学允许检测被忽视的海洋动物，如鲑鱼和涉及它们的营养相互作用。底栖鱼类捕食三文鱼的直观、直接证据进一步了解了浮游生物和底栖生物之间的生物物质流动模式，为全球变化在改变海洋系统有机物质有效循环方面的潜力提出了新的问题。
{"title":"Plankton food for benthic fish: de visu evidence of trophic interaction between rainbow wrasse (Coris julis) and pelagic tunicates (Pegea confoederata)","authors":"D. D’Alelio, G. Luongo, I. Capua","doi":"10.4081/AIOL.2017.6973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/AIOL.2017.6973","url":null,"abstract":"Salps (pelagic tunicates) are rarely observed in nature and trophic interactions involving them mainly rely on the inspection of stomach contents of their potential predators. Moreover, salps have soft bodies that are hardly identified in potential consumers. We involved recreational SCUBA-divers and photographers in collecting de visu evidence of i) massive occurrence of salps and ii) trophic interactions involving salps as preys and benthic animals as consumers. Direct evidence of trophic interactions between salps and benthic fish was documented by photographic frames. We detected a long colony of the salp Pegea confaederata being transported by currents close to the substrate on top of Banco di Santa Croce, an underwater rocky outcrop in the Gulf of Naples (Italy). An individual of the rainbow wrasse Coris julis attacked the above-mentioned salp colony by selectively detaching individuals and biting their stomach. Our report of a trophic interaction between labrids and salps is the second in fifty years and the previous one was only indirect. In this study, citizen science allowed detecting both neglected marine animals like salps and trophic interactions involving them. Visual, direct evidence of predation on salps by benthic fish adds further knowledge about patterns of living-matter fluxes between plankton and benthos, opening new questions on the potential of global change in modifying the efficient circulation of organic matter in marine systems.","PeriodicalId":37306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Oceanography and Limnology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/AIOL.2017.6973","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41724996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Boscaini, F. Brescancin, L. Cerasino, C. Fedrigotti, E. Fano, N. Salmaso
Among cyanobacteria, Planktothrix rubescens (De Candolle ex Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komarek is a species that is well adapted to develop in moderately nutrient rich and deep lakes. In this typology of waterbodies, the competitive abilities of this species rely in its capacity to stand and growth in the dimly illuminated metalimnetic layer during the warmer months. I this work, we have studied the seasonal development and distribution of this species in Lake Ledro, a meso-oligotrophic reservoir located in the Eastern Alps. During the last decade, this species has given rise to numerous and extended surface bloom episodes, causing the reddening of vaste areas of the lake. In summer, the light intensities in the zone of the greater development of this cyanobacterium (in the metalimnion, between the euphotic depth and the layer of maximum development of the species) were bewteen 2 and 20 µmol m -2 s -1 , i.e. values that were well within the light intensities required to sustain the optimal growth of filaments. The formation of the autumn and winter blooms was triggered by the cooling of surface waters and increase of the mixed layer, which, eroding the metalimnion, entrained the filaments of Planktothrix in the surface mixed layers. The formation of the surface blooms was associated with the presence of high amounts of microcistins, which in a few occasions reached concentrations between 10 and 22 µg L -1 , posing potential problems for the exploitation of water resources.
在蓝藻中，冬凌Planktothrix rubscens（De Candolle ex Gomont）Anagnostidis&Komarek是一种非常适合在营养丰富的深湖中生长的物种。在这种水体类型中，该物种的竞争能力取决于其在温暖月份在昏暗的金属网层中站立和生长的能力。在这项工作中，我们研究了该物种在Ledro湖的季节性发育和分布，Ledro是一个位于东阿尔卑斯山脉的中贫营养水库。在过去的十年里，该物种引发了大量且持续的地表水华，导致湖泊大片区域变红。在夏天，这种蓝细菌更发育的区域（在金属离子中，在真光层深度和物种最大发育层之间）的光强度在2到20µmol m-2 s-1之间，即完全在维持细丝最佳生长所需的光强度范围内。秋冬季水华的形成是由地表水的冷却和混合层的增加引发的，这侵蚀了金属离子，并在地表混合层中夹带了浮游生物丝。表面水华的形成与大量微组氨酸的存在有关，微组氨酸在少数情况下达到10至22µg L-1的浓度，这给水资源的开发带来了潜在的问题。
{"title":"Vertical and horizontal distribution of the microcystin producer Planktothrix rubescens (Cyanobacteria) in a small perialpine reservoir","authors":"A. Boscaini, F. Brescancin, L. Cerasino, C. Fedrigotti, E. Fano, N. Salmaso","doi":"10.4081/AIOL.2017.7134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/AIOL.2017.7134","url":null,"abstract":"Among cyanobacteria, Planktothrix rubescens (De Candolle ex Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komarek is a species that is well adapted to develop in moderately nutrient rich and deep lakes. In this typology of waterbodies, the competitive abilities of this species rely in its capacity to stand and growth in the dimly illuminated metalimnetic layer during the warmer months. I this work, we have studied the seasonal development and distribution of this species in Lake Ledro, a meso-oligotrophic reservoir located in the Eastern Alps. During the last decade, this species has given rise to numerous and extended surface bloom episodes, causing the reddening of vaste areas of the lake. In summer, the light intensities in the zone of the greater development of this cyanobacterium (in the metalimnion, between the euphotic depth and the layer of maximum development of the species) were bewteen 2 and 20 µmol m -2 s -1 , i.e. values that were well within the light intensities required to sustain the optimal growth of filaments. The formation of the autumn and winter blooms was triggered by the cooling of surface waters and increase of the mixed layer, which, eroding the metalimnion, entrained the filaments of Planktothrix in the surface mixed layers. The formation of the surface blooms was associated with the presence of high amounts of microcistins, which in a few occasions reached concentrations between 10 and 22 µg L -1 , posing potential problems for the exploitation of water resources.","PeriodicalId":37306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Oceanography and Limnology","volume":"8 1","pages":"208-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/AIOL.2017.7134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48145356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyanobacteria are impacting widely on the daily activities of the general public. They are increasingly recognized as agents having possible adverse effects on water resources, on health of human and/or animals and therefore should be monitored and managed. To fill existing gaps this valuable handbook which is edited by three highly respected experts in the areas microbiology, algae biochemistry, metabolomics, and environmental science provide reviews, practical methods and standard operating procedures...
{"title":"Handbook of Cyanobacterial Monitoring and Cyanotoxin Analysis","authors":"Stefan Martens","doi":"10.4081/AIOL.2017.7221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/AIOL.2017.7221","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanobacteria are impacting widely on the daily activities of the general public. They are increasingly recognized as agents having possible adverse effects on water resources, on health of human and/or animals and therefore should be monitored and managed. To fill existing gaps this valuable handbook which is edited by three highly respected experts in the areas microbiology, algae biochemistry, metabolomics, and environmental science provide reviews, practical methods and standard operating procedures...","PeriodicalId":37306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Oceanography and Limnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/AIOL.2017.7221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48243736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：