Takashi Sakuma, Shohei Shinomiya, Yutaka Takahara, S. Mizuno
Background and Objective Decreased ventilatory response to carbon dioxide or hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) is a feature of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and is also known to diminish during sleep in obese adolescents (age, 12–16 years) with OSA. It reduces minute ventilation, air flow, and tidal volume during inspiration, as well as upper airway obstruction. The purpose of this study was to investigate awake HCVR in adult patients with OSA and to elucidate its association with sleep apnea.Methods HCVR was measured before performing polysomnography (PSG). PSG is performed as the evaluation method during sleep, and the severity of apnea is evaluated by apnea hypopnea index. Patient background, PSG data and HCVR were examined.Results Awake HCVR was greater in patients with severe OSA than in patients with mild and moderate OSA, and in severe OSA patients, the HCVR during awaking was higher in patients with larger changes in saturation of percutaneous oxygen during sleep. Awake HCVR did not differ by age, but it was greater in morbidly obese patients with OSA than in thin patients with OSA. The most frequent apnea pattern of OSA was obstructive, regardless of severity; although with an increasing severity of OSA, the central pattern decreased and the mixed pattern increased in frequency. The appearance of the mixed pattern increased in the augmented HCVR group.Conclusions This study suggested that awake HCVR could be used as an index of progression and a factor to determine the effects of treatment in patients with OSA.
{"title":"Awake Hypercapnic Ventilatory Response in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome","authors":"Takashi Sakuma, Shohei Shinomiya, Yutaka Takahara, S. Mizuno","doi":"10.17241/smr.2021.01172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17241/smr.2021.01172","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective Decreased ventilatory response to carbon dioxide or hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) is a feature of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and is also known to diminish during sleep in obese adolescents (age, 12–16 years) with OSA. It reduces minute ventilation, air flow, and tidal volume during inspiration, as well as upper airway obstruction. The purpose of this study was to investigate awake HCVR in adult patients with OSA and to elucidate its association with sleep apnea.Methods HCVR was measured before performing polysomnography (PSG). PSG is performed as the evaluation method during sleep, and the severity of apnea is evaluated by apnea hypopnea index. Patient background, PSG data and HCVR were examined.Results Awake HCVR was greater in patients with severe OSA than in patients with mild and moderate OSA, and in severe OSA patients, the HCVR during awaking was higher in patients with larger changes in saturation of percutaneous oxygen during sleep. Awake HCVR did not differ by age, but it was greater in morbidly obese patients with OSA than in thin patients with OSA. The most frequent apnea pattern of OSA was obstructive, regardless of severity; although with an increasing severity of OSA, the central pattern decreased and the mixed pattern increased in frequency. The appearance of the mixed pattern increased in the augmented HCVR group.Conclusions This study suggested that awake HCVR could be used as an index of progression and a factor to determine the effects of treatment in patients with OSA.","PeriodicalId":37318,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Medicine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48805406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trakarnta Iadprapal, W. Anuntaseree, N. Pruphetkaew, K. Ruangnapa, Kantara Saelim, Pharsai Prasertsan
Background and Objective Many studies have supported the potential effect of anti-inflammatory medications treatment for childhood obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of intranasal corticosteroid treatment in children with OSA symptoms and adenoid hypertrophy (AH), and to identify factors associated with the treatment outcome.Methods This retrospective study included children aged 1–15 years who snored, had sleeprelated symptoms, and received intranasal corticosteroid treatment for 4–16 weeks. Treatment outcome was considered a success if all symptoms were completely resolved or if the child still snored without sleep-related symptoms; treatment was considered a failure if the child still snored and had concomitant sleep-related symptoms.Results Among the 328 eligible children, 109 (33.2%) experienced treatment failure. The age of the children was significantly higher in the failure group than in the success group (median [interquartile range], 5.5 [3.4, 8.4] vs. 4.2 [3.2, 6.3]; p = 0.004). The percentage of children with allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms at follow-up visit was also significantly higher in the failure group than in the success group (44% vs. 27.9% with mild AR and 9.2% vs. 4.1% with moderateto-severe AR, p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression revealed a significant association between treatment failure and older age (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.13 [1.04–1.23]) and presence of mild AR (2.29 [1.39–3.77]) and moderate-to-severe AR (3.17 [1.20–8.39]).Conclusions Among children with OSA and AH, one-third experienced treatment failure, and the associated factors were older age and presence of AR symptoms.
背景与目的许多研究支持抗炎药物治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的潜在效果。本研究旨在评估鼻内皮质类固醇治疗OSA症状和腺样体肥大(AH)儿童的结果，并确定与治疗结果相关的因素。方法本回顾性研究纳入1-15岁有打鼾、有睡眠相关症状并接受鼻内皮质类固醇治疗4-16周的儿童。如果所有症状都完全消除，或者如果儿童仍然打鼾而没有睡眠相关症状，则认为治疗结果是成功的;如果孩子仍然打鼾并伴有睡眠相关症状，则认为治疗失败。结果328例患儿中，109例(33.2%)出现治疗失败。失败组患儿的年龄明显高于成功组(中位数[四分位数间距]，5.5[3.4,8.4]对4.2 [3.2,6.3];P = 0.004)。随访时出现变应性鼻炎(AR)症状的儿童比例在失败组也明显高于成功组(轻度AR为44% vs. 27.9%，中重度AR为9.2% vs. 4.1%， p < 0.001)。多元logistic回归显示，治疗失败与年龄(优势比[95%可信区间]，1.13[1.04-1.23])、轻度AR(2.29[1.39-3.77])和中重度AR(3.17[1.20-8.39])存在显著相关。结论OSA合并AH患儿中有三分之一的患者治疗失败，其相关因素为年龄较大和出现AR症状。
{"title":"Outcomes of Intranasal Corticosteroid Treatment and Associated Factors in Children With Clinically Diagnosed Obstructive Sleep Apnea","authors":"Trakarnta Iadprapal, W. Anuntaseree, N. Pruphetkaew, K. Ruangnapa, Kantara Saelim, Pharsai Prasertsan","doi":"10.17241/smr.2022.01270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17241/smr.2022.01270","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective Many studies have supported the potential effect of anti-inflammatory medications treatment for childhood obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of intranasal corticosteroid treatment in children with OSA symptoms and adenoid hypertrophy (AH), and to identify factors associated with the treatment outcome.Methods This retrospective study included children aged 1–15 years who snored, had sleeprelated symptoms, and received intranasal corticosteroid treatment for 4–16 weeks. Treatment outcome was considered a success if all symptoms were completely resolved or if the child still snored without sleep-related symptoms; treatment was considered a failure if the child still snored and had concomitant sleep-related symptoms.Results Among the 328 eligible children, 109 (33.2%) experienced treatment failure. The age of the children was significantly higher in the failure group than in the success group (median [interquartile range], 5.5 [3.4, 8.4] vs. 4.2 [3.2, 6.3]; p = 0.004). The percentage of children with allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms at follow-up visit was also significantly higher in the failure group than in the success group (44% vs. 27.9% with mild AR and 9.2% vs. 4.1% with moderateto-severe AR, p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression revealed a significant association between treatment failure and older age (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.13 [1.04–1.23]) and presence of mild AR (2.29 [1.39–3.77]) and moderate-to-severe AR (3.17 [1.20–8.39]).Conclusions Among children with OSA and AH, one-third experienced treatment failure, and the associated factors were older age and presence of AR symptoms.","PeriodicalId":37318,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Medicine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42630173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Attended noninvasive positive airway pressure (PAP) with polysomnography (PSG) is recommended for determining the level of ventilatory support and bilevel PAP required for patients with chronic alveolar hypoventilation syndromes. We present a case of a 24-year-old male with kyphoscoliosis who presented with dyspnea. The patient was diagnosed with chronic alveolar hypoventilation and had bilevel PAP titrated by referring to tidal volume and arterial gas analysis during the day. After further titration with PSG there was stable ventilation during non-rapid eye movement sleep but unstable on entering rapid eye movement sleep.
{"title":"The Need for Titration With Polysomnography of Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in a Patient With Hypoventilation Syndrome With Kyphoscoliosis","authors":"K. Ji","doi":"10.17241/smr.2022.01256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17241/smr.2022.01256","url":null,"abstract":"Attended noninvasive positive airway pressure (PAP) with polysomnography (PSG) is recommended for determining the level of ventilatory support and bilevel PAP required for patients with chronic alveolar hypoventilation syndromes. We present a case of a 24-year-old male with kyphoscoliosis who presented with dyspnea. The patient was diagnosed with chronic alveolar hypoventilation and had bilevel PAP titrated by referring to tidal volume and arterial gas analysis during the day. After further titration with PSG there was stable ventilation during non-rapid eye movement sleep but unstable on entering rapid eye movement sleep.","PeriodicalId":37318,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Medicine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44943341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objective The purpose of the review was to explore the association between sleep parameters and postural control.Methods The PubMed, Science Direct, and EBSCO were searched using the keywords ‘sleep’ including either sleep quality, sleep deprivation, poor sleep quality; and ‘postural control’ including either dynamic balance, static balance, postural balance, and balance control. Related studies published till December 2017 were selected.Results Acute sleep deprivation resulted in an impairment in postural control. Chronic sleep deprivation and postural control were also found to be related in a similar way to that of total sleep deprivation, thus affecting postural control negatively. Time of day was found to influence the postural control such that the postural control was better in the morning than in the latter part of the day. A study of the impact of aging on the effects of sleep deprivation on postural control revealed that loss of sleep had a more disturbing effect on postural control in the olderadult group than in younger participants, thus indicating a high risk of fall among the elderly.Conclusions Despite various limitations and methodological differences, this review has identified a negative influence on postural control due to impaired sleep in a wide range of populations, indicating the need for a more focused approach to sleep when assessing and measuring postural control.
{"title":"Association Between Sleep Parameters and Postural Control: A Literature Review","authors":"Tarushi Tanwar, Zubia Veqar","doi":"10.17241/smr.2022.01235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17241/smr.2022.01235","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective The purpose of the review was to explore the association between sleep parameters and postural control.Methods The PubMed, Science Direct, and EBSCO were searched using the keywords ‘sleep’ including either sleep quality, sleep deprivation, poor sleep quality; and ‘postural control’ including either dynamic balance, static balance, postural balance, and balance control. Related studies published till December 2017 were selected.Results Acute sleep deprivation resulted in an impairment in postural control. Chronic sleep deprivation and postural control were also found to be related in a similar way to that of total sleep deprivation, thus affecting postural control negatively. Time of day was found to influence the postural control such that the postural control was better in the morning than in the latter part of the day. A study of the impact of aging on the effects of sleep deprivation on postural control revealed that loss of sleep had a more disturbing effect on postural control in the olderadult group than in younger participants, thus indicating a high risk of fall among the elderly.Conclusions Despite various limitations and methodological differences, this review has identified a negative influence on postural control due to impaired sleep in a wide range of populations, indicating the need for a more focused approach to sleep when assessing and measuring postural control.","PeriodicalId":37318,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Medicine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44247839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jang Gyu Han, Hannah Park, Ji Sun Yang, Ji Su Kim, Bumhee Park, Do-Yang Park, Hyun Jun Kim
Background and Objective From the past, several researchers have studied and measured the partial pressure of carbon dioxide during sleep in normal children to establish diagnostic criteria for hypoventilation in children. Here we tried to verify the existing definition of sleep-related hypoventilation in Asian by evaluating and analyzing the carbon dioxide partial pressure in pediatric subjects who underwent polysomnography.Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical information of 196 children who underwent polysomnography at our hospital from Feb 2011 to Apr 2021. Among Asian pediatric subjects, those with serious chronic or genetic diseases, craniofacial deformities, and hypoventilation confirmed by polysomnography were excluded. We evaluated partial pressure of carbon dioxide in target group by end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) measured with a stream capnometer through nasal cannula. The target group was classified by apnea-hypopnea index and analyzed.Results The mean value of the time with EtCO2 ≥ 45 mm Hg in total sleep time was 47.00% which is higher than previous studies. The mean value of the time with EtCO2 ≥ 50 mm Hg in total sleep time was 2.77% which is similar to previous studies. Also, our subjects showed the highest mean EtCO2 value in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) stage and lowest mean EtCO2 value when wake.Conclusions In this study, the diagnostic criteria for sleep-related hypoventilation at the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) in 2017 established by measuring the EtCO2 in western children seems appropriate to apply to Asian children to define hypoventilation.
背景与目的过去，一些研究人员研究并测量了正常儿童睡眠中的二氧化碳分压，以建立儿童通气不足的诊断标准。在这里，我们试图通过评估和分析接受多导睡眠图检查的儿童受试者的二氧化碳分压来验证亚洲人睡眠相关低通气的现有定义。方法回顾性分析2011年2月至2021年4月在我院接受多导睡眠图检查的196例儿童的临床资料。在亚洲儿科受试者中，排除了那些经多导睡眠图证实患有严重慢性或遗传疾病、颅面畸形和通气不足的受试者。我们通过鼻插管用流量二氧化碳计测量潮气末二氧化碳（EtCO2）来评估目标组中二氧化碳的分压。根据呼吸暂停低通气指数对目标人群进行分类并进行分析。结果EtCO2≥45mmHg的总睡眠时间平均值为47.00%，高于以往研究。EtCO2≥50 mm Hg的总睡眠时间的平均值为2.77%，与以前的研究相似。此外，我们的受试者在非快速眼动（NREM）阶段表现出最高的平均EtCO2值，而在清醒时表现出最低的平均Et二氧化碳值。结论在这项研究中，美国睡眠医学学会（AASM）于2017年通过测量西方儿童的EtCO2建立的睡眠相关低通气的诊断标准似乎适用于亚洲儿童来定义低通气。
{"title":"Verification for Diagnosis of Sleep-Related Hypoventilation and Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure During Sleep in Children Using End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide","authors":"Jang Gyu Han, Hannah Park, Ji Sun Yang, Ji Su Kim, Bumhee Park, Do-Yang Park, Hyun Jun Kim","doi":"10.17241/smr.2022.01277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17241/smr.2022.01277","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective From the past, several researchers have studied and measured the partial pressure of carbon dioxide during sleep in normal children to establish diagnostic criteria for hypoventilation in children. Here we tried to verify the existing definition of sleep-related hypoventilation in Asian by evaluating and analyzing the carbon dioxide partial pressure in pediatric subjects who underwent polysomnography.Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical information of 196 children who underwent polysomnography at our hospital from Feb 2011 to Apr 2021. Among Asian pediatric subjects, those with serious chronic or genetic diseases, craniofacial deformities, and hypoventilation confirmed by polysomnography were excluded. We evaluated partial pressure of carbon dioxide in target group by end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) measured with a stream capnometer through nasal cannula. The target group was classified by apnea-hypopnea index and analyzed.Results The mean value of the time with EtCO2 ≥ 45 mm Hg in total sleep time was 47.00% which is higher than previous studies. The mean value of the time with EtCO2 ≥ 50 mm Hg in total sleep time was 2.77% which is similar to previous studies. Also, our subjects showed the highest mean EtCO2 value in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) stage and lowest mean EtCO2 value when wake.Conclusions In this study, the diagnostic criteria for sleep-related hypoventilation at the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) in 2017 established by measuring the EtCO2 in western children seems appropriate to apply to Asian children to define hypoventilation.","PeriodicalId":37318,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Medicine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47623741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is one of the most common treatments for insomnia and is considered as the first-line treatment. People who struggle to fall asleep or stay asleep or those who do not find sleep refreshing can benefit over four to six sessions of CBT-I. Although CBT-I has many benefits, it does have some drawbacks. Therefore, a brief version needs to be developed for use in clinical practice. This study proposes the following concepts that can be readily applied in clinical practice: 1) Concept 1, 17 hours of activity and 7 hours of sleep; 2) Concept 2, discrepancy between desired time in bed and desired total sleep time; 3) Concept 3, time in bed during 24 hours; and 4) Concept 4, taking sleeping pills 7 hours before the waking up time. These concepts based on sleep indices could easily help patients with insomnia and may serve as a foundation for the development of Sleep Index-based CBT-I.
{"title":"Four Useful Concepts When Treating Patients With Insomnia: Possibility of Sleep Index-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia","authors":"Seockhoon Chung","doi":"10.17241/smr.2022.01249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17241/smr.2022.01249","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is one of the most common treatments for insomnia and is considered as the first-line treatment. People who struggle to fall asleep or stay asleep or those who do not find sleep refreshing can benefit over four to six sessions of CBT-I. Although CBT-I has many benefits, it does have some drawbacks. Therefore, a brief version needs to be developed for use in clinical practice. This study proposes the following concepts that can be readily applied in clinical practice: 1) Concept 1, 17 hours of activity and 7 hours of sleep; 2) Concept 2, discrepancy between desired time in bed and desired total sleep time; 3) Concept 3, time in bed during 24 hours; and 4) Concept 4, taking sleeping pills 7 hours before the waking up time. These concepts based on sleep indices could easily help patients with insomnia and may serve as a foundation for the development of Sleep Index-based CBT-I.","PeriodicalId":37318,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Medicine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44722526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Akhondzadeh, S. Mostafavi, S. Keshavarz, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, M. Chamari
Background and Objectiveaa Co-morbidity of obesity, sleep disturbance, and depression is common, especially among women. We aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin on body weight, depression symptoms and sleep among women with co-morbidities of obesity, mild and moderate depression, and sleep disturbances seeking weight reduction compared with the placebo. Methodsaa This double-blind, randomized clinical trial was performed on 43 patients with comorbidity of mild and moderate depression, overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 25) and sleep disturbance. After obtaining the informed consent forms they were randomly assigned to receive 3 mg melatonin or placebo at bed-time. We performed body composition assessments, Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at the baseline, and 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after initiating of the study. We analyzed the data using analysis of variance repeated measures. Resultsaa Melatonin significantly reduced depression symptoms compared with the placebo, F = (1, 34) = 6.2, p = 0.017. Also, melatonin significantly improved sleep quality, F = (1, 33) = 8.0, p = 0.008. Besides, subjects on the melatonin reduced more weight compared with the placebo but difference between groups was not significant, F = (1, 41) = 0.2, p = 0.650. Patients in the melatonin group did not show significantly more side effects compared to placebo. Conclusionsaa Based on our findings, melatonin was not able to significantly reduce the body weight more than placebo, but as a safe over-the-counter supplement, it may be helpful in patients with co-morbidities of sleep disturbance, mild and moderate depression, and obesity in reducing the symptoms of depression and insomnia. hypertension, type-2 diabetes, certain types of cancer mortality Obese have a lot of co-morbidities including sleep disturbances and depression. The prevalence of sleep disturbances is high among obese individuals. et al. [3] reported that about 25% of obese people suffer from sleep disturbances. Liu et al. [4] indicated that obesity is a moderator in association between sleep disturbances and metabolic syndrome including diabetes. Similarly it has been shown that obesity plays a moderator role in association between sleep disturbances and depression.
{"title":"Melatonin Effects in Women With Comorbidities of Overweight, Depression, and Sleep Disturbance: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial","authors":"S. Akhondzadeh, S. Mostafavi, S. Keshavarz, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, M. Chamari","doi":"10.17241/smr.2021.01130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17241/smr.2021.01130","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectiveaa Co-morbidity of obesity, sleep disturbance, and depression is common, especially among women. We aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin on body weight, depression symptoms and sleep among women with co-morbidities of obesity, mild and moderate depression, and sleep disturbances seeking weight reduction compared with the placebo. Methodsaa This double-blind, randomized clinical trial was performed on 43 patients with comorbidity of mild and moderate depression, overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 25) and sleep disturbance. After obtaining the informed consent forms they were randomly assigned to receive 3 mg melatonin or placebo at bed-time. We performed body composition assessments, Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at the baseline, and 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after initiating of the study. We analyzed the data using analysis of variance repeated measures. Resultsaa Melatonin significantly reduced depression symptoms compared with the placebo, F = (1, 34) = 6.2, p = 0.017. Also, melatonin significantly improved sleep quality, F = (1, 33) = 8.0, p = 0.008. Besides, subjects on the melatonin reduced more weight compared with the placebo but difference between groups was not significant, F = (1, 41) = 0.2, p = 0.650. Patients in the melatonin group did not show significantly more side effects compared to placebo. Conclusionsaa Based on our findings, melatonin was not able to significantly reduce the body weight more than placebo, but as a safe over-the-counter supplement, it may be helpful in patients with co-morbidities of sleep disturbance, mild and moderate depression, and obesity in reducing the symptoms of depression and insomnia. hypertension, type-2 diabetes, certain types of cancer mortality Obese have a lot of co-morbidities including sleep disturbances and depression. The prevalence of sleep disturbances is high among obese individuals. et al. [3] reported that about 25% of obese people suffer from sleep disturbances. Liu et al. [4] indicated that obesity is a moderator in association between sleep disturbances and metabolic syndrome including diabetes. Similarly it has been shown that obesity plays a moderator role in association between sleep disturbances and depression.","PeriodicalId":37318,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Medicine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48430319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Botulinum toxin (BoNT), a potent neurotoxin that reversibly blocks presynaptic acetylcholine release, has been used successfully to treat sleep bruxism (SB) and chronic migraine (CM). However, studies investigating injection protocols such as drug dosage and injection site in the temporal muscle (TM) have rarely been reviewed. Therefore, recent studies involving the application of BoNT to the TM in patients with SB and CM was reviewed in this study.
{"title":"Differences in Botulinum Toxin Injection Into Temporal Muscles in Sleep Bruxism and Chronic Migraine","authors":"Jung Eun Lee, B. Kim, S. Kim","doi":"10.17241/smr.2021.01137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17241/smr.2021.01137","url":null,"abstract":"Botulinum toxin (BoNT), a potent neurotoxin that reversibly blocks presynaptic acetylcholine release, has been used successfully to treat sleep bruxism (SB) and chronic migraine (CM). However, studies investigating injection protocols such as drug dosage and injection site in the temporal muscle (TM) have rarely been reviewed. Therefore, recent studies involving the application of BoNT to the TM in patients with SB and CM was reviewed in this study.","PeriodicalId":37318,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Medicine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47096417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An emblem is a representative image and is different for each society. The images that symbolize sleep have similarities and differences between countries and cultures. This is an issue that every-one is familiar with but has never paid attention to. We obtained the information about the emblems from the website of each societies or personal communication with the executives around the world. The emblems of sleep societies represent the opposite concepts of night and day, de-signed to express its nationality, and several pictorial symbols related to sleep in their culture. Each society has its own identity and is devoted to sleep medicine. Intuitive concept of sleep is perceived differently in different cultures, and the sleep societies’ emblems contain their own identity as well as the concept of sleep. We believe this report may help promote the common interests of sleep medicine worldwide.
{"title":"Emblems of the Sleep Societies Around the World","authors":"Keuntae Kim, Gholam K. Motamedi, Y. Cho","doi":"10.17241/smr.2022.01214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17241/smr.2022.01214","url":null,"abstract":"An emblem is a representative image and is different for each society. The images that symbolize sleep have similarities and differences between countries and cultures. This is an issue that every-one is familiar with but has never paid attention to. We obtained the information about the emblems from the website of each societies or personal communication with the executives around the world. The emblems of sleep societies represent the opposite concepts of night and day, de-signed to express its nationality, and several pictorial symbols related to sleep in their culture. Each society has its own identity and is devoted to sleep medicine. Intuitive concept of sleep is perceived differently in different cultures, and the sleep societies’ emblems contain their own identity as well as the concept of sleep. We believe this report may help promote the common interests of sleep medicine worldwide.","PeriodicalId":37318,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Medicine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49327587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alva Supit, Merry Gosal, Prycilia Mamuaja, Sicilia Kumaat, Achmad Paturusi
Background and Objective The correlation between late chronotype and depression has been well documented, but reports from the equatorial area, where the sun shines throughout the year with less seasonal variation, are limited. In the present research study, we sought to 1) examine the relationship between the chronotype and mental health symptoms in an Indonesian student population and 2) explore the characteristics of those who lie at the extreme chronotype and psychometry.Methods This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study including undergraduate students in an Indonesian university (n = 493). We used the Munich Chronotype Questionnaires and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale to assess the chronotype and mental symptoms, respectively. Following this, a follow-up with an in-depth interview on the selected population at the extreme end of the chronotype was performed as an exploratory approach to identify their common characteristics.Results Among the tested parameters, the depression score was significantly associated with chronotype (p = 0.003), replicating previous findings from other areas with higher latitudes. The correlation persisted when males and females were analyzed separately (p = 0.008 and 0.037, respectively). A follow-up qualitative analysis revealed a potential subclinical, unrealized depression among the subjects; our findings revealed the use of smartphones during or before bedtime as a common factor among those with later chronotypes.Conclusions There is a correlation between depression score and chronotype among Indonesian college students, where subjects with later chronotype are more likely to have a higher depression score.
{"title":"Later Chronotype Correlates With Severe Depression in Indonesian College Students","authors":"Alva Supit, Merry Gosal, Prycilia Mamuaja, Sicilia Kumaat, Achmad Paturusi","doi":"10.17241/smr.2021.00969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17241/smr.2021.00969","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective The correlation between late chronotype and depression has been well documented, but reports from the equatorial area, where the sun shines throughout the year with less seasonal variation, are limited. In the present research study, we sought to 1) examine the relationship between the chronotype and mental health symptoms in an Indonesian student population and 2) explore the characteristics of those who lie at the extreme chronotype and psychometry.Methods This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study including undergraduate students in an Indonesian university (n = 493). We used the Munich Chronotype Questionnaires and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale to assess the chronotype and mental symptoms, respectively. Following this, a follow-up with an in-depth interview on the selected population at the extreme end of the chronotype was performed as an exploratory approach to identify their common characteristics.Results Among the tested parameters, the depression score was significantly associated with chronotype (p = 0.003), replicating previous findings from other areas with higher latitudes. The correlation persisted when males and females were analyzed separately (p = 0.008 and 0.037, respectively). A follow-up qualitative analysis revealed a potential subclinical, unrealized depression among the subjects; our findings revealed the use of smartphones during or before bedtime as a common factor among those with later chronotypes.Conclusions There is a correlation between depression score and chronotype among Indonesian college students, where subjects with later chronotype are more likely to have a higher depression score.","PeriodicalId":37318,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Medicine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44076767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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