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THE “FEEDBACK EFFECT” IN MODERN DOGON CULTURE (MALI) 现代狗文化中的“反馈效应”(马里)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2022-1-158-170
Bocary Guindo, P. Kutsenkov
The ‘Feedback effect’ is a phenomenon of a ‘feedback’, repeatedly described for discussing the oral tradition: Back in 1982, German ethnologist David Henige noted that researchers of African traditional cultures more and more often encounter the practice when they are recounted the results of the field materials of their predecessors. In all such cases, informants reproduce the works of anthropologists, but the authenticity of recorded traditions in general is beyond doubt. That is not the case with Dogon. The example of this people shows that the phenomenon of ‘feedback’ can not only complicate the work of anthropologists, but also contribute to the growth of ethnic and national identity. Myths borrowed from anthropological literature began to penetrate rural folklore with the development of tourism in the 1990s– 2000s. But the purposeful imposition of a united mythology ‘according to Griaule’ began to play a very important role in the development of ethnic and national identity. The most important role belongs here to the festivals of Ogobagnia. Thus, using the example of the Dogon, one can see a kind of a ‘secondary’ mythology version based on the phenomenon of feedback. The imposition of this ideology is still opposed by local traditions and local folklore, which are very different from the “Dogon mirage” introduced by intellectuals, as well as local customs and rituals, sometimes having little in common with each other; so far, the linguistic and cultural diversity of the ethno-social organism of the Dogon has resisted the pressure of these myths, but perhaps the day is not far off when not only in the Sangha, but also in Semari and Tintan, visitors will be told about Nommo and Sirius names which do not exist (sigu tolo or pô tolo), and the mythology of the Dogon will really turn into a harmonious, but artificial system.
“反馈效应”是一种“反馈”现象,在讨论口述传统时被反复描述:早在1982年,德国民族学家David Henige注意到,非洲传统文化的研究人员在叙述前人实地资料的结果时,越来越多地遇到这种现象。在所有这些情况下,告密者复制了人类学家的作品,但一般来说,记录传统的真实性是毋庸置疑的。多贡的情况却不是这样。这个民族的例子表明,“反馈”现象不仅会使人类学家的工作复杂化,而且还有助于种族和国家认同的增长。20世纪90年代至21世纪初,随着旅游业的发展,借用人类学文学的神话开始渗透到乡村民俗中。但是有目的的强加统一神话,根据格里奥尔的说法,开始在种族和国家认同的发展中发挥非常重要的作用。在这里最重要的角色是奥戈巴尼亚的节日。因此,以Dogon为例,我们可以看到一种基于反馈现象的“次级”神话版本。这种意识形态的强加仍然受到当地传统和民间传说的反对,这些传统和民间传说与知识分子介绍的“多贡幻影”以及当地习俗和仪式非常不同,有时彼此之间几乎没有共同之处;到目前为止,多贡人的语言和文化多样性抵抗住了这些神话的压力,但也许不久的将来,不仅在僧伽,而且在Semari和Tintan,游客将被告知不存在的Nommo和Sirius的名字(sigu tolo或pô tolo),多贡人的神话将真正变成一个和谐的,但人为的系统。
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引用次数: 0
INDIA: FREEDOM AT MIDNIGHT AND ITS PRICE 印度:午夜的自由及其代价
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2022-2-13-27
Valeriy P. Kashin
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引用次数: 0
LEXICAL COMPLEX IN KHMER: «UNNECESSARY VERBOSITY» OR ELABORATION OF MEANING? 高棉语的词汇复合体:“不必要的冗长”还是对意义的阐述?
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2023-2-070-080
T. G. Pogibenko
Complexity of language units in Mon- Khmer and other Asian languages of isolating profile is their prominent feature. The article deals with a specific type of Khmer complex units that is lexical complex, in particular verbal lexical complex which has an exceptionally high frequency in Khmer text. In linguistic literature dealing with isolating languages of Asia, including Khmer, this type of complex units is not recognized due to the fact that they do not look different from complex words and serial verb constructions being also sequences of verbs without any means of subordination or coordination. A most characteristic feature of Khmer is chains consisting of several verbs. Their presence in discourse is often seen as unnecessary verbosity, having nothing to do with expression of meaning. Russian linguist D. I. Yelovkov was the first to introduce the concept of lexical complex in Khmer. According to him, a lexical complex consists of two or more lexemes which make up a structural and semantic unity of a special kind [Еловков 2006, с. 106]. He singled out several types of lexical complexes and described their functional potential in detail. It was a real breakthrough in Khmer studies. This article defines the verbal lexical complex as a unit comprised of several verbs with a unified semantic structure without formal links but connected on the semantic level. Two specific types of semantic derivation by means of lexical complexes are analyzed: polysemantic lexical complexes and lexical complexes that eliminate word ambiguity. Data from Modern Khmer, Middle Khmer and Old Khmer is used. Polysemantic lexical complex derivatives are used to characterize different aspects of one single action. Analysis presented in the article allows us to draw the conclusion that the Khmer lexical complex is a well-structured and effective nomination unit which allows the speaker to accurately, concisely and in a smart way express meanings in the amount required. Lexical complex is a language unit which has no analogues in languages of other typological profile.
孟高棉语和其他亚洲语言语言单位的复杂性是其突出的特点。本文研究了高棉语中一种特殊类型的复合单位,即词汇复合单位,特别是高棉语中出现频率极高的言语词汇复合单位。在涉及亚洲孤立语言的语言学文献中,包括高棉语,这种类型的复杂单位不被认可,因为它们看起来与复杂的单词和动词序列结构没有什么不同,也是没有任何从属或协调方式的动词序列。高棉语最显著的特点是由几个动词组成的链。它们在话语中的出现往往被视为不必要的冗长,与表达意义毫无关系。俄罗斯语言学家D. I. Yelovkov是第一个在高棉语中引入词汇复合体概念的人。根据他的观点,词汇复合体由两个或两个以上的词汇组成,这些词汇构成了一种特殊的结构和语义统一[Еловков 2006, r .]。106]。他挑出了几种类型的词汇复合体,并详细描述了它们的功能潜力。这是高棉研究的重大突破。本文将动词词汇复合体定义为由几个动词组成的具有统一语义结构的单位,这些动词没有形式联系,但在语义层面上相互联系。本文分析了两种特殊类型的词复合体语义派生:多义词复合体和消除词歧义的词复合体。数据来自现代高棉语、中高棉语和古高棉语。一词多义复合衍生词用来描述一个动作的不同方面。本文的分析使我们得出结论:高棉语词汇复合体是一个结构良好、有效的提述单位,它使说话者能够准确、简洁、巧妙地表达所需的意思。词汇复合体是一种在其他类型语言中没有类似物的语言单位。
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引用次数: 0
ON THE PROBLEM OF THE PASSPORT AND VISA SYSTEM FOR CHINESE MIGRANTS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE 论俄罗斯帝国华人移民的护照和签证制度问题
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2021-4-159-172
V. Datsyshen
History of Chinese migration poses well-deserved interest in modern historical research. In Russia it is represented by several reviews and special research works. At the same time, both the issues related to legal support for crossing the border by migrants and the documents themselves received by the Chinese for the right to stay in Russia remain insufficiently studied. Chinese subjects received the right to visit Russian territory for various purposes after the signing of the Russian-Chinese treaty in Beijing in 1860. In 1864, the rules for the stay of foreigners on the territory of the empire were legislatively formalized in Russia. As evidenced by the data of the Russian archives, based on which this study was carried out, foreigners could enter Russia with national passports, but after a certain time they were required to register with the local administrative authorities and receive a “ticket” for residence for a period of one year. The dissemination of legislation in relation to Chinese migrants in the east of the country stretched out for some time: there were contradictions between the Russian and Chinese authorities on the issue of the necessary documents. The author concludes that one of the most complex and controversial problems associated with Chinese migration in the Russian Empire was the passport and visa system, which began to take shape for Chinese migrants in the second half of the 19th century, when Chinese migrants received special documents for the right to be on the territory of Russia. However, Russian legislation did not provide a stable, stable and uniform form and procedure, and the Russian authorities did not have the opportunity to monitor the observance of passport and visa formalities by Chinese migrants.
中国移民史在现代历史研究中引起了当之无愧的兴趣。在俄罗斯,以几篇评论和专门的研究著作为代表。与此同时,与移民越境的法律支持有关的问题,以及中国人获得在俄罗斯居留权利的文件本身,仍然没有得到充分的研究。1860年在北京签订《俄中条约》后,中国臣民获得了以各种目的访问俄罗斯领土的权利。1864年,外国人在帝国领土上停留的规定在俄罗斯立法上正式确立。俄罗斯档案的数据证明,外国人可以持本国护照进入俄罗斯,但在一段时间后,他们必须向当地行政当局登记,并领取为期一年的居留“票”。在俄罗斯东部,有关中国移民的立法的传播持续了一段时间:俄罗斯和中国当局在必要文件的问题上存在矛盾。作者的结论是,与俄罗斯帝国的华人移民有关的最复杂和最具争议的问题之一是护照和签证制度,这一制度在19世纪下半叶开始为中国移民形成,当时中国移民获得了在俄罗斯领土上的权利的特殊文件。然而,俄罗斯立法没有提供稳定、稳定和统一的形式和程序,俄罗斯当局没有机会监测中国移民遵守护照和签证手续的情况。
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引用次数: 0
ON THE STATE AND EXTERNAL RELATIONS OF BUDDHIST MONASTERIES IN TRANSBAIKALIA OF RUSSIA AT THE TURN OF THE 19TH — 20TH CENTURIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF EGITUISKII DATSAN AND HISTORY OF ZANDAN JUU) 论19 - 20世纪之交俄罗斯外贝加尔地区佛教寺院的状态与对外关系(以egituiskii datsan和赞丹juu的历史为例)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2023-1-133-149
Surun-Khanda D. Syrtypova
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引用次数: 0
THE FIRST KING’ S SONS OF KUSH AND THEIR PREDECESSORS 第一个王的儿子库施和他们的祖先
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2023-2-010-021
N. Lavrentyev
This article examines the origin of the position of governor of Nubia — an official who administered the conquered Egyptians of the southern lands. The author reveals the reason for giving the governors of foreign countries of the south the title zA nsw — «king’s son» and tries to find out who was the first «king’s son» who ruled the conquered southern regions.The paper analyzed the evolution of the title zA nsw from the Ancient Kingdom to the end of the II Intermediate period. The officials with the honorary title «king’s son» for their outstanding achievements, as well as to emphasize the special importance of the position they hold, were revealed. In the II Intermediate period, military officials with the title zA nsw appear. Their mission was to command the troops of the most strategically important fortresses and districts of the Theban rulers. Also, military commanders with this title commanded special elite units. During the wars of Kamos and Ahmose against the kingdom of Kush in the south, king’s sons appear who fought against the Kushites — Teti and Djhuti. Inscriptions with their names and titles were found on the rocks of Armina East in the Aniba area. Investigating the connection of the title zA nsw with the military powers of individual commanders, the author comes to the conclusion that Teti and Djhuti were military leaders of elite Majai units that were based in Aniba during the period of the war with the Hyksos. Continuing the wars against the Kushites, the successors of Teti and Djhuti inherit their title, to which they subsequently add the new title imy-r Has.wt rs.yt — «the ruler of the foreign countries of the south.» Officials with the title zA nsw imy-r Has.wt rs.yt become viceroys of the conquered territories. As the administrative apparatus develops, the administrators of the foreign countries of the south, in the period of pharaoh Thutmose IV, receive the final formulation of their title — zA nsw n KAS — «king’s son of Kush».
本文考察了努比亚总督一职的起源,努比亚总督是一名管理被征服的埃及南部土地的官员。作者揭示了南方外国统治者被称为“国王的儿子”的原因,并试图找出谁是第一个统治被征服的南方地区的“国王的儿子”。本文分析了从古代王国到第二中间时期末期的称谓演变过程。被授予“国王的儿子”荣誉称号的官员,以表彰他们的杰出成就,并强调他们所担任的职位的特殊重要性。在第二中间时期,出现了军衔为“新南”的军官。他们的任务是指挥底比斯统治者最重要的战略要塞和地区的军队。此外,拥有这一头衔的军事指挥官还指挥着特种精锐部队。在加摩斯和阿莫斯与南方库施王国的战争中,国王的儿子提提和朱提出现了,他们与库施王国作战。在阿尼巴地区阿米娜东部的岩石上发现了刻有他们名字和头衔的碑文。作者调查了标题zA nsw与个别指挥官的军事权力之间的联系,得出结论,Teti和Djhuti是与希克索斯战争期间驻扎在阿尼巴的马凯精锐部队的军事领导人。继续与库施人的战争,Teti和Djhuti的继承者继承了他们的头衔,他们随后添加了新的头衔imy-r Has。他是南方外邦的统治者。*头衔为zA nsw - i -r - Has的官员。他们成为被征服地区的总督。随着行政机构的发展,在法老图特摩斯四世时期,南方外国的行政人员得到了他们的头衔的最终制定- zA nsw n KAS -“库什国王的儿子”。
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引用次数: 0
FAKHR-I MUDABBIR’S ESSAY AS A SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF AFGHANISTAN AND NORTHERN INDIA Fakhr-i mudabbir的文章作为阿富汗和印度北部历史的来源
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2021-4-200-212
D. Timokhin
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引用次数: 0
IV INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC CONFERENCE ‘CONNECTIONS OF THE CRIMEA WITH THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION AND THE COUNTRIES OF THE EAST’ 第四届国际学术会议“克里米亚与地中海地区和东方国家的联系”
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2020-4-343-348
Victor V. Lebedinski, Julia A. Pronina
The article covers the proceedings of the IV International Academic Conference ‘Historical, Cultural, Interethnic, Religious and Political Relations of the Crimea with the Mediterranean Region and the Countries of the East’, which was held on October 6–10, 2020 in Sevastopol on the basis of the Sevastopol State University and the State Historical and Archeological Museum-Reserve ‘Chersonesos Taurica’. Talks on given problems were distributed through several areas of research — marine archeology, data from written sources, history, international affairs, historiography and cartography, archeology, numismatics, and others. Particular attention was paid to the interdisciplinary and complex research.
本文介绍了2020年10月6日至10日在塞瓦斯托波尔举行的第四届国际学术会议“克里米亚与地中海地区和东方国家的历史、文化、民族间、宗教和政治关系”的会议记录,该会议在塞瓦斯托波尔国立大学和国家历史考古博物馆-保护区“Chersonesos Taurica”的基础上举行。关于特定问题的讲座通过几个研究领域进行分发——海洋考古学、书面资料、历史、国际事务、史学和制图学、考古学、钱币学等。特别注意跨学科和复杂的研究。
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引用次数: 0
INDIA AND CHINESE EXPANSION IN OCEANIA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE 2022 CHINA — SOLOMON ISLANDS SECURITY PACT: (NON-)ARMED NEUTRALITY? 在2022年中国-所罗门群岛安全条约的背景下,印度和中国在大洋洲的扩张:(非)武装中立?
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2022-2-193-206
K. Muratshina
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引用次数: 0
TO THE 125TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE RUSSIAN-CHINESE UNION TREATY. INTERVIEW WITH PRINCE NIKITA D. LOBANOV-ROSTOVSKY, 19.01.2021 庆祝俄中联盟条约签订125周年。2021年1月19日对尼基塔·洛巴诺夫-罗斯托夫斯基王子的采访
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2021-1-141-149
B. Pak
{"title":"TO THE 125TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE RUSSIAN-CHINESE UNION TREATY. INTERVIEW WITH PRINCE NIKITA D. LOBANOV-ROSTOVSKY, 19.01.2021","authors":"B. Pak","doi":"10.31696/2618-7302-2021-1-141-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2021-1-141-149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":373435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126977418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS
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