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NICOBARESE LANGUAGES AND OLD KHMER: NOUN PHRASE MARKER TA 尼科布语和古高棉语:名词短语标记ta
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2021-4-239-251
T. G. Pogibenko
Nicobarese languages Car and Nancowry, which are modern vernacular languages of the indigenous population of the Nicobar Islands, and Old Khmer — the language of epigraphic inscriptions of 7th–15th A.D, possess a considerable fragment of grammatical system, which coincides in almost every detail. That is functional domain of the marker ta, which has two functions: marker of dependent predications of different types and marker of noun phrases with different syntactic and semantic roles. This fact is somewhat challenging since Nicobarese and Khmer are distant relatives, typologically different, they have different status and temporal affiliation. The present article deals with the second function of ta, which is called case marking function. Ta in the function of dependent predication marker was described in detail in [Погибенко, 2020б]. In Nicobarese and Old Khmer languages dependent predication marker ta has left vestiges in the form of prefix in deverbal nouns, adjectives and adverbials. In Nicobarese it is also found in adjectives derived from nouns. In the present article it is suggested that the case marker ta has also left vestiges in the form of suffix in verbs of location and dislocation and in prepositions. In Old Khmer ta marks indirect object and circumstantial noun phrases covering several semantic roles: location, addressee, recipient, deprivative, temporative. In Nicobarese it is also found in instrument and comitative noun phrases and, in contrast with Old Khmer, in direct object and displaced agent noun phrases, the latter in passive VPA sentences. In the compared languages case marking ta is gradually replaced by prepositions via the strategy of dubbing. It is suggested that the case-marking function of ta could have evolved during syntactic compression of a subordinate clause with the dependent predication marker.
Nicobarese语言Car和Nancowry是Nicobar群岛土著居民的现代方言,而Old Khmer是公元7 - 15年的碑文语言,它们拥有相当多的语法系统片段,几乎在每个细节上都是一致的。这就是标记的功能域,它具有两种功能:不同类型的依存谓词的标记和具有不同句法和语义角色的名词短语的标记。这个事实有点挑战性,因为尼科巴雷西亚人和高棉人是远亲,在类型学上不同,他们有不同的地位和时间归属。本文讨论ta的第二个功能,称为大小写标记功能。依赖预测标记函数中的Ta在[Погибенко, 2020]中有详细描述。在尼科布语和古高棉语中,依赖谓语标记以谓语前缀的形式存在于动词、形容词和状语中。在尼科巴雷语中,它也出现在由名词衍生的形容词中。在本文中,我们认为格标记在位置和错位动词以及介词中也以后缀的形式留下痕迹。在古高棉语中,ta标志着间接宾语和间接名词短语,涵盖了几个语义角色:地点、收信人、收件人、剥夺语、时态。在古高棉语中,它也出现在工具名词短语和模仿名词短语中,与古高棉语相反,它出现在直接宾语和移位的代理名词短语中,后者出现在被动VPA句中。在比较语言中,通过配音策略,格标记逐渐被介词所取代。这表明ta的大小写标记功能可能是在对从属谓语标记的从句进行句法压缩过程中演变而来的。
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引用次数: 0
THE USSA PROJECT: TEN YEARS ‘UNDER THE SKIES’ AND ‘ON THE GROUND’ OF SOUTH ASIA ussa项目:南亚“天空下”和“地面上”的十年
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2021-2-234-240
E. Vanina
The paper marks the tenth anniversary of the interdisciplinary project ‘Under the Skies of South Asia’ implemented by the Centre for Indian Studies of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS and headed by Dr. Irina Glushkova. At present, following the pilot volume Death in Maharashtra. Imagination, Perception and Expression, four more volumes have been published, each based upon new methodological ‘turns’ in the humanities: Visual, discussing social perceptions of artefacts; mobile, focusing on various activities performed by individuals and societies in motion; spatial, centered around territories and various human activities to appropriate, acculturate, protect it and legitimize various kinds of interconnections with it, from political to emotional; communicative, exploring historically and ethno-culturally specific means of communication and expression of positive and negative perception of the surrounding world. The fifth volume, at present with the publisher, will discuss emotional / affective turn, which attaches socio-cultural significance to human emotions, previously viewed as physiological reactions common to all people. Two more volumes are planned to deal with the problems of household servants and material turn in the humanities. The project motto ‘Not in General, But in Particular’ symbolizes the contributors’ exclusive attention to the real living conditions of the peoples of the region under study, contrary to the Orientalistic heritage of generalization which viewed India and other countries of South Asia ‘in general’, ignoring regional, ethno-cultural and social specificities of the peoples inhabiting the subcontinent.
这篇论文标志着跨学科项目“南亚天空下”十周年,该项目由印度科学院东方研究所印度研究中心实施,由Irina Glushkova博士领导。目前,继马哈拉施特拉邦的试点卷死亡之后。想象力,感知和表达,另外四卷已经出版,每一卷都基于人文学科的新方法“转折”:视觉,讨论人工制品的社会观念;移动,专注于个人和社会在运动中进行的各种活动;空间上,以领土和各种人类活动为中心来适应,适应,保护它并使各种与之相关的联系合法化,从政治到情感;交际,探索历史和民族文化特定的沟通方式和表达对周围世界的积极和消极感知。目前由出版商出版的第五卷将讨论情感/情感转向,它赋予人类情感社会文化意义,以前被视为所有人共同的生理反应。另外两卷是计划处理的问题,家庭仆人和物质转向在人文学科。该项目的座右铭“不是一般的,而是特别的”象征着贡献者对所研究地区人民的真实生活状况的唯一关注,这与东方主义传统的概括相反,东方主义传统将印度和南亚其他国家视为“一般”,忽视了居住在次大陆的人民的区域,民族文化和社会特殊性。
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引用次数: 0
LEXICAL COMPLEX IN KHMER: «UNNECESSARY VERBOSITY» OR ELABORATION OF MEANING? 高棉语的词汇复合体:“不必要的冗长”还是对意义的阐述?
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2023-2-070-080
T. G. Pogibenko
Complexity of language units in Mon- Khmer and other Asian languages of isolating profile is their prominent feature. The article deals with a specific type of Khmer complex units that is lexical complex, in particular verbal lexical complex which has an exceptionally high frequency in Khmer text. In linguistic literature dealing with isolating languages of Asia, including Khmer, this type of complex units is not recognized due to the fact that they do not look different from complex words and serial verb constructions being also sequences of verbs without any means of subordination or coordination. A most characteristic feature of Khmer is chains consisting of several verbs. Their presence in discourse is often seen as unnecessary verbosity, having nothing to do with expression of meaning. Russian linguist D. I. Yelovkov was the first to introduce the concept of lexical complex in Khmer. According to him, a lexical complex consists of two or more lexemes which make up a structural and semantic unity of a special kind [Еловков 2006, с. 106]. He singled out several types of lexical complexes and described their functional potential in detail. It was a real breakthrough in Khmer studies. This article defines the verbal lexical complex as a unit comprised of several verbs with a unified semantic structure without formal links but connected on the semantic level. Two specific types of semantic derivation by means of lexical complexes are analyzed: polysemantic lexical complexes and lexical complexes that eliminate word ambiguity. Data from Modern Khmer, Middle Khmer and Old Khmer is used. Polysemantic lexical complex derivatives are used to characterize different aspects of one single action. Analysis presented in the article allows us to draw the conclusion that the Khmer lexical complex is a well-structured and effective nomination unit which allows the speaker to accurately, concisely and in a smart way express meanings in the amount required. Lexical complex is a language unit which has no analogues in languages of other typological profile.
孟高棉语和其他亚洲语言语言单位的复杂性是其突出的特点。本文研究了高棉语中一种特殊类型的复合单位,即词汇复合单位,特别是高棉语中出现频率极高的言语词汇复合单位。在涉及亚洲孤立语言的语言学文献中,包括高棉语,这种类型的复杂单位不被认可,因为它们看起来与复杂的单词和动词序列结构没有什么不同,也是没有任何从属或协调方式的动词序列。高棉语最显著的特点是由几个动词组成的链。它们在话语中的出现往往被视为不必要的冗长,与表达意义毫无关系。俄罗斯语言学家D. I. Yelovkov是第一个在高棉语中引入词汇复合体概念的人。根据他的观点,词汇复合体由两个或两个以上的词汇组成,这些词汇构成了一种特殊的结构和语义统一[Еловков 2006, r .]。106]。他挑出了几种类型的词汇复合体,并详细描述了它们的功能潜力。这是高棉研究的重大突破。本文将动词词汇复合体定义为由几个动词组成的具有统一语义结构的单位,这些动词没有形式联系,但在语义层面上相互联系。本文分析了两种特殊类型的词复合体语义派生:多义词复合体和消除词歧义的词复合体。数据来自现代高棉语、中高棉语和古高棉语。一词多义复合衍生词用来描述一个动作的不同方面。本文的分析使我们得出结论:高棉语词汇复合体是一个结构良好、有效的提述单位,它使说话者能够准确、简洁、巧妙地表达所需的意思。词汇复合体是一种在其他类型语言中没有类似物的语言单位。
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引用次数: 0
ON THE PROBLEM OF THE PASSPORT AND VISA SYSTEM FOR CHINESE MIGRANTS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE 论俄罗斯帝国华人移民的护照和签证制度问题
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2021-4-159-172
V. Datsyshen
History of Chinese migration poses well-deserved interest in modern historical research. In Russia it is represented by several reviews and special research works. At the same time, both the issues related to legal support for crossing the border by migrants and the documents themselves received by the Chinese for the right to stay in Russia remain insufficiently studied. Chinese subjects received the right to visit Russian territory for various purposes after the signing of the Russian-Chinese treaty in Beijing in 1860. In 1864, the rules for the stay of foreigners on the territory of the empire were legislatively formalized in Russia. As evidenced by the data of the Russian archives, based on which this study was carried out, foreigners could enter Russia with national passports, but after a certain time they were required to register with the local administrative authorities and receive a “ticket” for residence for a period of one year. The dissemination of legislation in relation to Chinese migrants in the east of the country stretched out for some time: there were contradictions between the Russian and Chinese authorities on the issue of the necessary documents. The author concludes that one of the most complex and controversial problems associated with Chinese migration in the Russian Empire was the passport and visa system, which began to take shape for Chinese migrants in the second half of the 19th century, when Chinese migrants received special documents for the right to be on the territory of Russia. However, Russian legislation did not provide a stable, stable and uniform form and procedure, and the Russian authorities did not have the opportunity to monitor the observance of passport and visa formalities by Chinese migrants.
中国移民史在现代历史研究中引起了当之无愧的兴趣。在俄罗斯,以几篇评论和专门的研究著作为代表。与此同时,与移民越境的法律支持有关的问题,以及中国人获得在俄罗斯居留权利的文件本身,仍然没有得到充分的研究。1860年在北京签订《俄中条约》后,中国臣民获得了以各种目的访问俄罗斯领土的权利。1864年,外国人在帝国领土上停留的规定在俄罗斯立法上正式确立。俄罗斯档案的数据证明,外国人可以持本国护照进入俄罗斯,但在一段时间后,他们必须向当地行政当局登记,并领取为期一年的居留“票”。在俄罗斯东部,有关中国移民的立法的传播持续了一段时间:俄罗斯和中国当局在必要文件的问题上存在矛盾。作者的结论是,与俄罗斯帝国的华人移民有关的最复杂和最具争议的问题之一是护照和签证制度,这一制度在19世纪下半叶开始为中国移民形成,当时中国移民获得了在俄罗斯领土上的权利的特殊文件。然而,俄罗斯立法没有提供稳定、稳定和统一的形式和程序,俄罗斯当局没有机会监测中国移民遵守护照和签证手续的情况。
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引用次数: 0
ON THE STATE AND EXTERNAL RELATIONS OF BUDDHIST MONASTERIES IN TRANSBAIKALIA OF RUSSIA AT THE TURN OF THE 19TH — 20TH CENTURIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF EGITUISKII DATSAN AND HISTORY OF ZANDAN JUU) 论19 - 20世纪之交俄罗斯外贝加尔地区佛教寺院的状态与对外关系(以egituiskii datsan和赞丹juu的历史为例)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2023-1-133-149
Surun-Khanda D. Syrtypova
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引用次数: 0
THE FIRST KING’ S SONS OF KUSH AND THEIR PREDECESSORS 第一个王的儿子库施和他们的祖先
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2023-2-010-021
N. Lavrentyev
This article examines the origin of the position of governor of Nubia — an official who administered the conquered Egyptians of the southern lands. The author reveals the reason for giving the governors of foreign countries of the south the title zA nsw — «king’s son» and tries to find out who was the first «king’s son» who ruled the conquered southern regions.The paper analyzed the evolution of the title zA nsw from the Ancient Kingdom to the end of the II Intermediate period. The officials with the honorary title «king’s son» for their outstanding achievements, as well as to emphasize the special importance of the position they hold, were revealed. In the II Intermediate period, military officials with the title zA nsw appear. Their mission was to command the troops of the most strategically important fortresses and districts of the Theban rulers. Also, military commanders with this title commanded special elite units. During the wars of Kamos and Ahmose against the kingdom of Kush in the south, king’s sons appear who fought against the Kushites — Teti and Djhuti. Inscriptions with their names and titles were found on the rocks of Armina East in the Aniba area. Investigating the connection of the title zA nsw with the military powers of individual commanders, the author comes to the conclusion that Teti and Djhuti were military leaders of elite Majai units that were based in Aniba during the period of the war with the Hyksos. Continuing the wars against the Kushites, the successors of Teti and Djhuti inherit their title, to which they subsequently add the new title imy-r Has.wt rs.yt — «the ruler of the foreign countries of the south.» Officials with the title zA nsw imy-r Has.wt rs.yt become viceroys of the conquered territories. As the administrative apparatus develops, the administrators of the foreign countries of the south, in the period of pharaoh Thutmose IV, receive the final formulation of their title — zA nsw n KAS — «king’s son of Kush».
本文考察了努比亚总督一职的起源,努比亚总督是一名管理被征服的埃及南部土地的官员。作者揭示了南方外国统治者被称为“国王的儿子”的原因,并试图找出谁是第一个统治被征服的南方地区的“国王的儿子”。本文分析了从古代王国到第二中间时期末期的称谓演变过程。被授予“国王的儿子”荣誉称号的官员,以表彰他们的杰出成就,并强调他们所担任的职位的特殊重要性。在第二中间时期,出现了军衔为“新南”的军官。他们的任务是指挥底比斯统治者最重要的战略要塞和地区的军队。此外,拥有这一头衔的军事指挥官还指挥着特种精锐部队。在加摩斯和阿莫斯与南方库施王国的战争中,国王的儿子提提和朱提出现了,他们与库施王国作战。在阿尼巴地区阿米娜东部的岩石上发现了刻有他们名字和头衔的碑文。作者调查了标题zA nsw与个别指挥官的军事权力之间的联系,得出结论,Teti和Djhuti是与希克索斯战争期间驻扎在阿尼巴的马凯精锐部队的军事领导人。继续与库施人的战争,Teti和Djhuti的继承者继承了他们的头衔,他们随后添加了新的头衔imy-r Has。他是南方外邦的统治者。*头衔为zA nsw - i -r - Has的官员。他们成为被征服地区的总督。随着行政机构的发展,在法老图特摩斯四世时期,南方外国的行政人员得到了他们的头衔的最终制定- zA nsw n KAS -“库什国王的儿子”。
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引用次数: 0
FAKHR-I MUDABBIR’S ESSAY AS A SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF AFGHANISTAN AND NORTHERN INDIA Fakhr-i mudabbir的文章作为阿富汗和印度北部历史的来源
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2021-4-200-212
D. Timokhin
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引用次数: 0
IV INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC CONFERENCE ‘CONNECTIONS OF THE CRIMEA WITH THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION AND THE COUNTRIES OF THE EAST’ 第四届国际学术会议“克里米亚与地中海地区和东方国家的联系”
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2020-4-343-348
Victor V. Lebedinski, Julia A. Pronina
The article covers the proceedings of the IV International Academic Conference ‘Historical, Cultural, Interethnic, Religious and Political Relations of the Crimea with the Mediterranean Region and the Countries of the East’, which was held on October 6–10, 2020 in Sevastopol on the basis of the Sevastopol State University and the State Historical and Archeological Museum-Reserve ‘Chersonesos Taurica’. Talks on given problems were distributed through several areas of research — marine archeology, data from written sources, history, international affairs, historiography and cartography, archeology, numismatics, and others. Particular attention was paid to the interdisciplinary and complex research.
本文介绍了2020年10月6日至10日在塞瓦斯托波尔举行的第四届国际学术会议“克里米亚与地中海地区和东方国家的历史、文化、民族间、宗教和政治关系”的会议记录,该会议在塞瓦斯托波尔国立大学和国家历史考古博物馆-保护区“Chersonesos Taurica”的基础上举行。关于特定问题的讲座通过几个研究领域进行分发——海洋考古学、书面资料、历史、国际事务、史学和制图学、考古学、钱币学等。特别注意跨学科和复杂的研究。
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引用次数: 0
INDIA AND CHINESE EXPANSION IN OCEANIA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE 2022 CHINA — SOLOMON ISLANDS SECURITY PACT: (NON-)ARMED NEUTRALITY? 在2022年中国-所罗门群岛安全条约的背景下,印度和中国在大洋洲的扩张:(非)武装中立?
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2022-2-193-206
K. Muratshina
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引用次数: 0
TO THE 125TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE RUSSIAN-CHINESE UNION TREATY. INTERVIEW WITH PRINCE NIKITA D. LOBANOV-ROSTOVSKY, 19.01.2021 庆祝俄中联盟条约签订125周年。2021年1月19日对尼基塔·洛巴诺夫-罗斯托夫斯基王子的采访
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2021-1-141-149
B. Pak
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS
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