Journal of Healthcare Quality Research最新文献

Introduction

Mechanical restraints are widely used in health care practice, despite the numerous ethical conflicts they raise. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ethical considerations contemplated in the current protocols on mechanical restraint in Spain.

Method

Systematic review in PubMed, WOS and Scopus, Google and Google Scholar. An ad hoc list of 30 items was used to evaluate the ethical content of the protocols. The quality of guidelines was assessed with AGREE II.

Results

The need for informed consent (IC) is reflected in 72% of the documents, the IC model sheet is included in only 41% of them, the rest of the analyzed characteristics on IC are fulfilled in percentages between 6% (the document includes the need to reevaluate the indication for IC) and 31% (the document contemplates to whom it should be requested). More than 20 ethical contents are reflected in 31% of them and less than 10 in 19% of the guidelines. The quality of the guides, according to AGREE II, ranged from 27 to 116 points (maximum possible 161), with a mean score of 68.7. Only 9% of the documents were classified as high quality. Finally, the correlation between ethical content and quality measured with AGREE II was 0.75.

Conclusions

The variability of ethical contents in guidelines on mechanical restraints is very high. The ethical requirements to be included in protocols, consensus or Clinical Practice Guidelines should be defined.

Background

Belgium initiated a hospital pay for performance (P4P) programme after a decade of fixed bonus budgets for “quality and safety contracts”. This study examined the effect of P4P on hospital incentive payments, performance on quality measures, and the association between changes in quality performance and incentive payments over time.

Methods

The Belgian government provided information on fixed bonus budgets in 2013–2017 and hospital incentive payments as well as hospital performance on quality measures for the P4P programmes in 2018–2020. Descriptive analyses were conducted to map the financial repercussion between the two systems. A difference-in-difference analysis evaluated the association between quality indicator performance and received incentive payments over time.

Results

Data from 87 acute-care hospitals were analyzed. In the transition to a P4P programme, 29% of hospitals received lower incentive payments per bed. During the P4P years, quality performance scores increased yearly for 55% of hospitals and decreased yearly for 5% of hospitals. There was a significant larger drop in incentive payments for hospitals that scored above median with the start of the P4P programme.

Conclusions

The transition from fixed bonus budgets for quality efforts to a new incentive payment in a P4P programme has led to more hospitals being financially impacted, although the effect is marginal given the small P4P budget. Quality indicators seem to improve over the years, but this does not correlate with an increase in reward per bed for all hospitals due to the closed nature of the budget.

Introduction

Electronic prescription is the prescription system that allows healthcare professionals to send medication prescriptions directly to community pharmacies and the outpatient unit of Hospital Pharmacy Services for dispensing. However, there is difficulty in obtaining a reliable pharmacotherapeutic history in chronic patients through electronic prescription upon hospital admission as a critical point for adequate treatment adaptation. Therefore, the pharmacist as a member of the multidisciplinary team must ensure, through medication conciliation, an adequate transition of care through the correct management of the treatment that the chronic patient requires during their hospitalization.

Objectives

To evaluate the quality of electronic prescription records for routine chronic treatment by analyzing the concordance of the electronic prescription.

Material and methods

Observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study at the General University Hospital of Elche. Hospitalized patients in charge of the Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Urology and Neurosurgery Services in which the responsible doctor requested medication reconciliation by the Pharmacy Service between January 2022 - December 2022 were included.

Results

378 patients, 209 (55.3%) women and 169 (44.7%) men, with a mean age ± standard deviation of 71.0 ± 11.6 years and 69.0 ± 11.8 years, respectively. The total percentage of patients with discrepancies in the electronic prescription with respect to the usual chronic treatment was 60.6%, reflecting that only 39.4% of the patients had non-discordant electronic prescriptions.

Conclusions

More than half of hospitalized surgical patients present discrepancies in the medications prescribed in the home electronic prescription, which justifies the importance of treatment reconciliation upon admission carried out by hospital pharmacists.

Background

Scrub nurses play a crucial role in facilitating orthopaedic surgeries, and thus intraoperative scrub nurse turnover may disrupt the workflow of the surgical team and prolong duration of surgery (DOS). The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of intraoperative scrub nurse turnover on operative time of orthopaedic surgeries lasting less than 3 h in duration.

Methods

Prospectively collected databases from two institutions were retrospectively queried to identify all orthopaedic procedures of maximum mean duration of 180 min from March 4th, 2018 to August 31st, 2022. Cases were divided into two groups, those with scrub nurse turnover and those without. Propensity score matching was conducted to match groups by surgeon, hospital, patient age, gender, and ASA classification. Unpaired t-tests were used to compare mean DOS for each surgical procedure. Average treatment effect on treated (ATET) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results

Scrub nurse turnover significantly prolonged DOS for both bone forearm facture open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) (ATET = 21.08, p = 0.001), ankle ORIF (ATET = 21.26, p < 0.001), clavicle ORIF (ATET = 16.16, p = 0.028), femur intramedullary nail (ATET = 11.52, p = 0.003), rotator cuff repair (ATET = 16.88, p < 0.001), partial discectomy (ATET = 10.52, p = 0.001), total knee arthroplasty (TKA) (ATET = 5.69, p < 0.001), anterior total hip arthroplasty (THA) (ATET = 8.80, p < 0.001), lateral THA (ATET = 7.02, p < 0.001), and uncemented hip hemiarthroplasty (ATET = 16.79, p = 0.049).

Conclusion

Intraoperative scrub nurse turnover significantly prolongs surgical times in orthopaedic surgeries lasting up to 3 h in duration. This highlights the importance of developing strategies to prevent intraoperative scrub nurse turnover to improve OR efficiency and decrease healthcare costs.

Chronic pain is a public health problem suffered by 20% of the world's population. Pharmacological approaches are insufficient, so a multi-therapeutic approach that also includes non-pharmacological therapies (psychological therapies, meditation, physical exercise, healthy habits, etc.) is proposed. The aim of this review was to review the existing scientific evidence on the effect of multicomponent programs with non-pharmacological therapies in people with chronic non-oncologic pain. To this end, a search for scientific articles was carried out in three databases (PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO) and 17 articles were selected, following the PRISMA recommendations. The patients who participated in these programs were mostly women, aged 18 to 80 years, working or on sick leave due to pain, with secondary education or less and married. The most frequent pain was musculoskeletal, mainly low back pain. All the articles studied the effectiveness of two or more therapies, highlighting psychological therapies, physical exercise and education. Positive results were obtained in the reduction of different variables such as pain, pain catastrophizing, anxiety and depression, in addition to improving functionality and quality of life. It has also been shown that patients’ prior expectations regarding the intervention influence its effectiveness. Although throughout the review there was great heterogeneity in the interventions, in the evaluation methods and in the results themselves, it can be concluded that multicomponent programs show positive results in the management of chronic pain, and should therefore be incorporated as a routine therapeutic treatment.

Introduction and objective

A low socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with poor health results. The present study aimed to investigate if SES of older patients attending the emergency department is associated with the use of healthcare resources and outcomes.

Patients and methods

Observational, retrospective study including consecutive patients 65 years or older admitted to the emergency department. Variables at baseline, index episode, and follow-up were recorded. SES was measured using an indirect theoretical index and patients were categorised into two groups according to whether they lived in a neighbourhood with a low or high SES. Primary outcomes included hospitalisation after the emergency department visit and prolonged hospitalisation (>7 days) at index episode. Secondary outcomes included emergency department re-consultant and hospital admission in the following 3 months after the index episode, and all-cause mortality after long-term follow-up. Logistic regression and cumulative hazards regression models were used to investigate associations between SES and outcomes.

Results

The cohort included 553 patients (80 years [73–85], 50.5% female, 55.9% with low SES). After the emergency department visit, 234 patients (42.3%) required hospital admission. A low SES was inversely associated with hospitalisation with an adjusted odds ratio = 0.654 (95% CI 0.441–0.970). Among hospitalised patients, a low SES was associated with prolonged hospitalisation (adjusted odds ratio = 2.739; 95% CI 1.470–5.104). Follow-up outcomes, including all-cause mortality, were not associated with SES.

Conclusions

Older patients living in more deprived urban areas were hospitalised less often after emergency department care, but hospital stays were longer. Understanding the effect of social determinants in healthcare use is mandatory to tailor resources to patient needs.

Introduction and objectives

The Hospital at Home (HaH) setting currently lacks adequate workload indicators. This study suggests an indicator that can help in improving professional resources allocation.

Materials and methods

Prospective data was collected during May 2021 from patients treated in nine HaH units of Osakidetza-Basque Health Service (North of Spain). Direct care and travel times of healthcare staff was recorded. Data on inpatient days, number of visits, sociodemographic variables, health status, and patient pathologies, among others, were collected. The proposed indicator encompasses both the average visit time and the visit rates. It is called intensity and represents the average daily workload time per patient.

Results

A total of n = 1,171 users were included in the analyses. Their mean age was 69.8 years, 45.5% were women and 25% lived more than 12 km away from the corresponding HaH unit. Workload variations were observed for nursing-only and medical-nursing teams, depending on the type of day and patient classification group. The average nursing-only teams workload time on working days was 10.82 min and on non-working days it was 14.78 min. The average workload time for medical-nursing teams, during the same days, was 20.40 min and 4.59 min, respectively. It was observed that certain patient types, like those in palliative care, represented a high workload for medical-nursing teams on working days.

Conclusions

The intensity indicator can help answering the question of how many patients can be assigned to a professional. It can also be used to adjust the staffing needs of the HaH units.

Introduction

25.9% of Spanish people suffer from chronic pain. An integrated, interdisciplinary approach is recommended, with pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, involving patients in their self-care.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness and impact on resources of a program with non-pharmacological therapies in the control of non-oncological chronic pain in the short and medium term.

Material and methods

Quasi-experimental before-after study, follow-up 3-6 months, measuring: pain, well-being, quality of life, self-esteem, resilience, anxiety/depression (validated scales); patient-reported outcomes of workshop impact on pain management, habits and mood; ED and office visits; drug consumption and employment status.

Results

One hundred and forty-two patients completed the program; 131 (92.3%) were women, age: 56.0. Decreased: pain (scale 0-10) (start: 6.0; end of workshop: 4.0; 3 months: 5.0); anxiety (12.9; 10.4; 8.8) and depression (12.3; 7.23; 6.47) (scales 0-21). They increased: well-being (scale 0-10) (4.0; 6.0; 4.0); quality of life (scale 0-1) (0.418; 0.580; 0.536); health status (scale 0-100) (47.5; 60.0; 60.0); self-esteem (scale 9-36) (24.1; 27.5; 26.7); resilience (scale 6-30) (14.8; 17.4; 18.6). Patient-reported outcomes were performed by 136 patients at the end of the workshop and 79 at 3 months: pain decreased (end of program: 104, 76.5%; 3 months: 66, 83.5%); medication decreased (96, 76.2%; 60, 78.9%); habits improved (112, 88.2%; 69, 90.8%). Forty patients (37.4%) reduced visits to the emergency room, 40 (37.4%) reduced scheduled visits. Overall satisfaction: 9.8 out of 10.

Conclusions

Patients learn to mitigate their pain, participate in their self-care and improve their quality of life, self-esteem and emotional state. The effects remained for 3-6 months.