{"title":"Review of Kiaer (2021): Delicious Words: East Asian Food Words in English","authors":"Hugo Wing-Yu Tam","doi":"10.1075/ijolc.00042.tam","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.00042.tam","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language and Culture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44207026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cross-cultural variation in the metaphors that are employed by healthcare researchers and professionals when discussing cancer care is a potential impediment to the sharing of expertise. By identifying patterns in the metaphorical language used in these contexts, we can reveal differences in how healthcare practitioners understand cancer and its treatments, thus enabling more effective intercultural communication in the field of oncology. To this end, the use of metaphor in collocations of the word ‘treatment’ in nursing journals published in British English, mainland Chinese, and Taiwanese Chinese is compared. Our analysis reveals differences regarding the agency given to the cancer, its treatment, and the patient; the interrelatedness of different bodily functions and organs; and the emphasis that is placed on the course of treatment as a whole as opposed to its individual stages.
{"title":"Metaphorical conceptualizations of cancer treatment in English and Chinese languages","authors":"Mei Yung Vanliza Chow, J. Littlemore","doi":"10.1075/ijolc.21051.cho","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.21051.cho","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cross-cultural variation in the metaphors that are employed by healthcare researchers and professionals when\u0000 discussing cancer care is a potential impediment to the sharing of expertise. By identifying patterns in the metaphorical language\u0000 used in these contexts, we can reveal differences in how healthcare practitioners understand cancer and its treatments, thus\u0000 enabling more effective intercultural communication in the field of oncology. To this end, the use of metaphor in collocations of\u0000 the word ‘treatment’ in nursing journals published in British English, mainland Chinese, and Taiwanese Chinese is compared. Our\u0000 analysis reveals differences regarding the agency given to the cancer, its treatment, and the patient; the interrelatedness of\u0000 different bodily functions and organs; and the emphasis that is placed on the course of treatment as a whole as opposed to its\u0000 individual stages.","PeriodicalId":37349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language and Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45439658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cultural norms of interactions influence Maasai people to apply animal names to address each other. This article explains that avoidance of personal names of certain categories of people in Maasai influences the use of animal names. In the theoretical framework of Cultural Linguistics, the author analyzed information from an ethnographic exploration through observations and interviews with Maasai informants in Tanzania. The article shows that Maasai’s categorization of people and avoidance system make senior members accumulate more animals through the process of selecting animal names to use. The patriarchal cultural beliefs and conceptualizations of domestic animals have implications on how animal names are applied between men and women. Only women married to polygamous men use animal names to address each other. There are some lexical, morphological and semantic differences between men and women’s names to mark gender categorizations.
{"title":"Animal names applied to a person in Maasai society","authors":"Eliakimu Sane","doi":"10.1075/ijolc.20006.san","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.20006.san","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cultural norms of interactions influence Maasai people to apply animal names to address each other. This article\u0000 explains that avoidance of personal names of certain categories of people in Maasai influences the use of animal names. In the\u0000 theoretical framework of Cultural Linguistics, the author analyzed information from an ethnographic exploration through\u0000 observations and interviews with Maasai informants in Tanzania. The article shows that Maasai’s categorization of people and\u0000 avoidance system make senior members accumulate more animals through the process of selecting animal names to use. The patriarchal\u0000 cultural beliefs and conceptualizations of domestic animals have implications on how animal names are applied between men and\u0000 women. Only women married to polygamous men use animal names to address each other. There are some lexical, morphological and\u0000 semantic differences between men and women’s names to mark gender categorizations.","PeriodicalId":37349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language and Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42955316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a cognitive study of the lexical means of conceptualization of time in English and Armenian fairy tales, and outlines the ways in which such conceptualizations are expressed in both languages. A spatial model for the conceptualization of time is introduced, which helps reveal the complexities of lexical expressions of time in these fairy tale texts. The model is depicted by geometric delineations and comprises the schemas which best conform to the folkloristic genre; the depictions consist of a set comprising: point, interval, line, cycle, circle, and segment of a circle. A comparative analysis between the languages reveals that each of these schemas is represented in both languages but to differing extents. Lexically, the schemas are primarily expressed in English by noun phrases paired with prepositions, and in Armenian by prepositions or postpositions or their morphological synonyms. Other means of schema expression in both languages include, with slight differences, number markers, adverbs, adjectives, conjunctions, and deictics.
{"title":"A spatial model of conceptualization of time","authors":"Yelena Mkhitaryan, Lusine Madatyan","doi":"10.1075/ijolc.21071.mkh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.21071.mkh","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents a cognitive study of the lexical means of conceptualization of time in English and Armenian\u0000 fairy tales, and outlines the ways in which such conceptualizations are expressed in both languages. A spatial model for the\u0000 conceptualization of time is introduced, which helps reveal the complexities of lexical expressions of time in these fairy tale\u0000 texts. The model is depicted by geometric delineations and comprises the schemas which best conform to the folkloristic genre; the\u0000 depictions consist of a set comprising: point, interval, line, cycle, circle, and segment of a circle. A comparative analysis\u0000 between the languages reveals that each of these schemas is represented in both languages but to differing extents. Lexically, the\u0000 schemas are primarily expressed in English by noun phrases paired with prepositions, and in Armenian by prepositions or\u0000 postpositions or their morphological synonyms. Other means of schema expression in both languages include, with slight\u0000 differences, number markers, adverbs, adjectives, conjunctions, and deictics.","PeriodicalId":37349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language and Culture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58670083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There has been little longitudinal research on the relationship between how sojourners define their personal face and how this influences their use of the host language in intercultural settings. This study employs the Cultural Linguistic Perspective developed by Sharifian (2011, 2017), using repeated episodic interviews to explore the process of reschematization of face among three Chinese overseas students in Australia. The students’ schemas of face gradually moved away from the Chinese ideals of sociality and indirectness towards Australian norms of individual autonomy and directness in both English use and social relationships. This study points to the need to examine the contribution of personal, situational, and cultural factors to this process.
{"title":"The reschematization of face in Chinese overseas students’ intercultural experience","authors":"Min Hou","doi":"10.1075/ijolc.20020.hou","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.20020.hou","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 There has been little longitudinal research on the relationship between how sojourners define their personal face\u0000 and how this influences their use of the host language in intercultural settings. This study employs the Cultural Linguistic\u0000 Perspective developed by Sharifian (2011, 2017), using repeated episodic interviews to explore the process of reschematization of face among three Chinese\u0000 overseas students in Australia. The students’ schemas of face gradually moved away from the Chinese ideals of sociality and\u0000 indirectness towards Australian norms of individual autonomy and directness in both English use and social relationships. This\u0000 study points to the need to examine the contribution of personal, situational, and cultural factors to this process.","PeriodicalId":37349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language and Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48996120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Swearing is a verbal act in which the main language structure is composed of multiple swear words. The reasons for studying swearing include the need to know what lexical items might be used for swearing. For this reason, it is critical to determine the pragmatic principles and cultural beliefs which underlie curse words. This paper constructs a thesaurus of the swearing vocabulary used in the late-Yuan and early-Ming dynasty novel, Shuǐhǔ zhuàn (水浒传). It analyzes the pragmatic principles and cultural beliefs surrounding swearing during those dynasties by means of exhaustive measurement, offering a better understanding of those pragmatics and beliefs and showing how Chinese people swore or used abusive language at that time. This paper indicates that those Yuan and Ming pragmatic principles and cultural beliefs also underlie the ways in which modern Chinese people swear.
{"title":"Swearing in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties","authors":"Ming Zhao","doi":"10.1075/ijolc.21029.zha","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.21029.zha","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Swearing is a verbal act in which the main language structure is composed of multiple swear words. The reasons for\u0000 studying swearing include the need to know what lexical items might be used for swearing. For this reason, it is critical to\u0000 determine the pragmatic principles and cultural beliefs which underlie curse words. This paper constructs a thesaurus of the\u0000 swearing vocabulary used in the late-Yuan and early-Ming dynasty novel, Shuǐhǔ zhuàn (水浒传). It analyzes the pragmatic principles and cultural beliefs\u0000 surrounding swearing during those dynasties by means of exhaustive measurement, offering a better understanding of those\u0000 pragmatics and beliefs and showing how Chinese people swore or used abusive language at that time. This paper indicates that those\u0000 Yuan and Ming pragmatic principles and cultural beliefs also underlie the ways in which modern Chinese people swear.","PeriodicalId":37349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language and Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48965207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explicates the cultural conceptualizations of the word for salt (namak) in Persian. The concept of namak reveals an important aspect of Persian sociality, hospitality, mutual respect, and playfulness. For instance, a person’s face or words can be perceived to ‘have salt’, or one’s hand is declared to ‘not have salt’ in the Persian language. To examine the conceptualization of namak, this article makes use of corpus data as well as the metalanguage proposed by Natural Semantic Metalanguage to spell out the nuances of salt-related cultural concepts in Persian. Three senses are identified for namak from a historical perspective: namak 0 for the substance of salt; namak 1 the cornerstone of Iranian sociality and hospitality; and namak 2 the pleasantness, which has changed its semantic content from referring to being pleasant and eloquent to being amusing and playful.
{"title":"Cultural semantics of the ‘salt’ word in Persian","authors":"Reza Arab","doi":"10.1075/ijolc.21038.ara","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.21038.ara","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article explicates the cultural conceptualizations of the word for salt (namak) in Persian.\u0000 The concept of namak reveals an important aspect of Persian sociality, hospitality, mutual respect, and\u0000 playfulness. For instance, a person’s face or words can be perceived to ‘have salt’, or one’s hand is declared to ‘not have salt’\u0000 in the Persian language. To examine the conceptualization of namak, this article makes use of corpus data as well\u0000 as the metalanguage proposed by Natural Semantic Metalanguage to spell out the nuances of salt-related cultural concepts in\u0000 Persian. Three senses are identified for namak from a historical perspective: namak\u0000 0\u0000 for the substance of salt; namak\u0000 1 the cornerstone of Iranian sociality and hospitality; and\u0000 namak\u0000 2 the pleasantness, which has changed its semantic content from referring to being pleasant\u0000 and eloquent to being amusing and playful.","PeriodicalId":37349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language and Culture","volume":"376 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41281331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Loncke ([2019] 2021): What if Babel was just a myth? / Et si Babel n’était qu’un mythe?","authors":"Kelsey Neely","doi":"10.1075/ijolc.00041.nee","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.00041.nee","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language and Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47442609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In spite of its prevalence in Iranian Persian-speaking communities, the issue of self-sacrifice expressions as a culture-specific verbal behavior has remained almost ignored in the existing literature on speech acts. The current study is an enquiry into the use of self-sacrifice expressions by Iranian Persian speakers in performing different speech acts such as thanking, sympathizing, and expressing affection and love. Serving as a device of encoding emotion into speech, self-sacrifice expressions have been found to be of variety in diction as well as variation in frequency across such social factors as age, gender, and education level. The results indicate pragmalinguistic variations in the use of self-sacrifice expressions in terms of social context, gender, age, and educational level. The tenets of this study are intended to be of insight into socio-cultural aspects of self-sacrifice expressions in language use.
{"title":"Self-sacrifice expressions in Persian","authors":"H. Allami, Ahmad Reza Eslamizadeh","doi":"10.1075/ijolc.21072.all","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.21072.all","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In spite of its prevalence in Iranian Persian-speaking communities, the issue of self-sacrifice expressions as a\u0000 culture-specific verbal behavior has remained almost ignored in the existing literature on speech acts. The current study is an\u0000 enquiry into the use of self-sacrifice expressions by Iranian Persian speakers in performing different speech acts such as\u0000 thanking, sympathizing, and expressing affection and love. Serving as a device of encoding emotion into speech, self-sacrifice\u0000 expressions have been found to be of variety in diction as well as variation in frequency across such social factors as age,\u0000 gender, and education level. The results indicate pragmalinguistic variations in the use of self-sacrifice expressions in terms of\u0000 social context, gender, age, and educational level. The tenets of this study are intended to be of insight into socio-cultural\u0000 aspects of self-sacrifice expressions in language use.","PeriodicalId":37349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language and Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41436888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowhere is the interface between language, culture and cognition more clearly visible than in word meanings and in cases of translational non-equivalence between words of different languages. One such case is that of the meanings of stage-of-life words in different languages. This paper presents a contrastive analysis between the English boy and the Italian ragazzo made adopting the principles and methods of cross-linguistic semantics. The analysis demonstrates that the semantic non-equivalence between these two stage-of-life words results from the different age and time spans covered by each word and different cultural assumptions about the transition to manhood, showing how these differences are reflected in discourse in the respective languages. First, a discourse analysis is made for each word; after that, two separate semantic explications are produced with the Natural Semantic Metalanguage methodology and then contrasted to highlight the differences in meaning and the role of culture in the formation of different conceptualisations of the human life cycle.
{"title":"Stage-of-life words at the crossroads of language, culture and cognition","authors":"Gian Marco Farese","doi":"10.1075/ijolc.21036.far","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.21036.far","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Nowhere is the interface between language, culture and cognition more clearly visible than in word meanings and in cases of translational non-equivalence between words of different languages. One such case is that of the meanings of stage-of-life words in different languages. This paper presents a contrastive analysis between the English boy and the Italian ragazzo made adopting the principles and methods of cross-linguistic semantics. The analysis demonstrates that the semantic non-equivalence between these two stage-of-life words results from the different age and time spans covered by each word and different cultural assumptions about the transition to manhood, showing how these differences are reflected in discourse in the respective languages. First, a discourse analysis is made for each word; after that, two separate semantic explications are produced with the Natural Semantic Metalanguage methodology and then contrasted to highlight the differences in meaning and the role of culture in the formation of different conceptualisations of the human life cycle.","PeriodicalId":37349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language and Culture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58670022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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