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Wh-questions in Japanese: Challenges for Vietnamese L2 learners 日语中的 Wh-questions 问题:越南语 L2 学习者面临的挑战
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.4312/ala.14.1.87-109
Trang Phan, Giang Vu
The study explored how Vietnamese learners of Japanese handle structural differences in wh-questions. Despite both being wh-in-situ languages, the divergent word order poses challenges for Vietnamese learners. The research involved 65 high school students with 2.5 to 13 years of Japanese learning. Survey results showed a positive correlation between Japanese proficiency and performance. Students were more accurate when Japanese wh-questions mirrored Vietnamese word order, especially in ‘why’ and ‘when’ questions. Difficulties arose when structures differed. Advanced learners could acquire L2 wh-questions with parametric values distinct from L1, but native-like interpretations in Japanese remained challenging. The study advocates for explicit classroom instruction on Japanese wh-question word order, particularly with scrambled sentences, to enhance accuracy and improve overall teaching effectiveness.
本研究探讨了日语越南语学习者如何处理wh-questions中的结构差异。尽管日语和越南语都是wh-in-situ语言,但不同的词序给越南语学习者带来了挑战。研究涉及 65 名学习日语 2.5 至 13 年的高中生。调查结果显示,日语水平与学习成绩呈正相关。当日语问句与越南语词序一致时,学生的准确率较高,尤其是在 "为什么 "和 "什么时候 "的问题上。当结构不同时,就会出现困难。高级学习者可以掌握参数值与第一语言不同的第二语言wh-questions,但日语中类似母语的解释仍然具有挑战性。该研究提倡在课堂上对日语wh-question的词序进行明确的指导,尤其是使用乱序句,以提高准确性和整体教学效果。
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引用次数: 0
Rhythmical Features of Spontaneous Spoken Narrative in Mandarin Chinese 汉语普通话自发口语叙述的节奏特点
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.4312/ala.14.1.9-35
Tereza Slaměníková, David Uher
Every oral communication is shaped by a series of closely linked factors and rhythm is one of them. The rhythmical flow in colloquial Mandarin Chinese was thoroughly described by the Czech phonetician Oldřich Švarný, who invented a unique notation system dedicated to facilitating the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language. His prosodic transcription parses speech into a two-level arrangement of prosodic units. It displays the speech rhythm as an alternation of rhythmically significant and insignificant syllables of unequal tone prominence. The paper contributes to Švarný’s findings by shifting the attention from prefabricated teaching materials to an example of unrehearsed dynamic speech. Specifically, it attempts to outline the basic rhythmical features of personal narrative and confront them with the current understanding of speech rhythm in colloquial Chinese. It also demonstrates how Švarný’s methodological framework can be exploited to investigate different types of spoken discourse.
每一种口语交际都是由一系列密切相关的因素形成的,节奏就是其中之一。捷克语音学家 Oldřich Švarný 对汉语口语中的节奏流进行了详尽的描述。他的前音转写法将语音解析为两级前音单元排列。它将语音节奏显示为有节奏感的音节和无节奏感的音节的交替,音调不突出。本文将注意力从预制教材转移到未经排练的动态语音示例上,从而对 Švarný 的研究成果有所贡献。具体而言,本文试图概述个人叙事的基本节奏特点,并将其与当前对汉语口语中语音节奏的理解对立起来。它还展示了如何利用斯瓦尼的方法论框架来研究不同类型的口语话语。
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引用次数: 0
The Structure of Chinese Compounds: The Perspective of Predicative Implicitness 汉语复合词的结构:谓语隐含性的视角
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.4312/ala.14.1.55-86
Yongzhong Yang
This paper examines Chinese nominal compounds with respect to their internal structure, thematic relations, generation process, and constraint mechanism from the perspective of predicate implicitness. Findings reveal that constituent functions in these compounds vary based on their structural positions, closely aligning morphological and syntactic structures. Predicate implicitness necessitates hierarchical adjunction, disallowing cross-layered adjunction. Corresponding relations exist between theta-roles, semantic relations, syntactic, and morphological structures. The study delineates differences between agentive and non-agentive compounds and explores how syntactic structure influences morphological structure. It also delves into theta-roles, argument structure, and linear order, arguing that constituent word order adheres to the Prominence and Locality Principles, dictated by their syntactic hierarchy positions.
本文从谓语隐含性的角度研究了汉语名词性复词的内部结构、主题关系、生成过程和制约机制。研究结果表明,这些复词中的成分功能因其结构位置而异,形态结构和句法结构紧密相连。谓词隐含性要求分层毗连,不允许跨层毗连。theta-roles、语义关系、句法和形态结构之间存在相应的关系。本研究划分了动宾复合词和非动宾复合词之间的差异,并探讨了句法结构如何影响形态结构。研究还深入探讨了theta-roles、论据结构和线性顺序,认为成分词顺序遵循突出原则(Prominence Principles)和位置原则(Locality Principles),由其句法层次位置决定。
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引用次数: 0
A Colexficational Analysis of Chū in Modern Chinese 现代汉语中 "Chū "的词汇学分析
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.4312/ala.14.1.37-54
Lincai Kuang
Directional verbs in modern Chinese, notably chū, are crucial. Previous studies on chū pay little attention to colexification and its mechanisms; they primarily focus on polysemy, syntactic restriction, and diachronic evolution in Mandarin Chinese. Research on Chinese topolects has also been neglected. Development of the Database of Cross-linguistic Colexifications (CLICS3) facilitates its cross-linguistic and topolectal exploration. This paper first discusses colexified pairs of chū in Modern Chinese, and constructs its colexificational network based on the CLICS3. It also argues for colexificational mechanisms of colexified extensions. Conceptual metaphor and metonymy are considered two core mechanisms accounting for the colexified extensions of chū. Metaphoric colexified extensions map onto the space, time, and state domain, following the order of “space > time > state”. As for the metonymic colexified extensions, the extended concepts result from different substructures of the image schema profiled in the motion event of chū.
现代汉语中的方向动词,尤其是chū,至关重要。以往对 chū 的研究很少关注共时化及其机制,而主要关注普通话中的多义性、句法限制和异时演变。对汉语拓词的研究也被忽视。跨语言复用数据库(CLICS3)的建立有助于对其进行跨语言和表义的探索。本文首先讨论了现代汉语中的 "chū "复用对,并在 CLICS3 的基础上构建了 "chū "复用网络。本文还论证了共词化外延的共词化机制。概念隐喻和转喻被认为是chū复用扩展的两个核心机制。隐喻性复用扩展映射到空间、时间和状态领域,遵循 "空间 > 时间 > 状态 "的顺序。至于隐喻性复用扩展,扩展概念来自 "chū "的运动事件中所描述的图像图式的不同子结构。
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引用次数: 0
Sino-Vietnamese Bilingual Dictionaries from the Middle Ages to the Present 中世纪至今的中越双语词典
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.4312/ala.14.1.111-141
Duc Du Huynh
Sino-Vietnamese bilingual dictionaries of the Middle Ages and the Modern Ages serve as crucial source materials for the examination of the historical evolution of bilingual lexicography within the realm of East Asian Chinese characters. Despite their significance, the scholarly community has bestowed limited attention on this subject, leaving numerous facets unexplored. This article endeavors to furnish a comprehensive overview of the prevailing status of Sino-Vietnamese bilingual dictionaries, delving into three primary perspectives. Building upon this framework, the historical trajectory of Sino-Vietnamese bilingual dictionaries is delineated into three pivotal epochs, each further classified into distinct sub-categories based on regional disparities between the North and the South, as well as variations attributable to different compilers. The overarching objective is to present a holistic panorama of Sino-Vietnamese bilingual dictionaries from the Middle Ages to the Modern Ages, thereby laying a solid groundwork for subsequent scholarly inquiry and advancement.
中世纪和近代的中越双语词典是研究东亚汉字领域双语词汇学历史演变的重要原始资料。尽管它们意义重大,但学术界对这一主题的关注有限,许多方面尚未得到探讨。本文试图从三个主要角度全面概述中越双语词典的现状。在此框架下,中越双语词典的历史轨迹被划分为三个关键时代,每个时代又根据南北方的地区差异以及不同编纂者的差异划分为不同的子类别。其总体目标是展现中世纪至近代中越双语词典的全景,从而为后续的学术探索和研究奠定坚实的基础。
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引用次数: 0
“Uvod u znanost o japanskom jeziku: Osnovna obilježja, glasovni sustav i leksički slojevi”: Book Review
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-07-30 DOI: 10.4312/ala.13.2.115-122
Nina Golob
“Uvod u znanost o japanskom jeziku: Osnovna obilježja, glasovni sustav i leksički slojevi” is a groundbreaking work on Japanese linguistics written in Croatian language. The book’s primary contribution lies in its methodical exploration of diverse facets of the Japanese language and the accomplishments of linguistic research related to it, all while considering the perspective of Croatian and other Slavic languages. By delving into the language’s structure, grammar, and unique characteristics from a Japanese perspective, this monograph enriches the reader’s comprehension of the Japanese language. As a valuable resource, it caters to both Croatian-speaking Japanese language students and those interested in general linguistics. The book comprises four informative chapters, along with an appendix that covers fundamental aspects of the Japanese writing system.
“Uvod u znanost o japanskom jeziku:Osnovna obilježja,glasovni sustav i leksički slojevi”是一部用克罗地亚语撰写的关于日本语言学的开创性著作。这本书的主要贡献在于它有条不紊地探索了日语的各个方面以及与之相关的语言学研究的成就,同时考虑了克罗地亚语和其他斯拉夫语的观点。这本专著从日语的角度深入探讨了日语的结构、语法和独特特征,丰富了读者对日语的理解。作为一种宝贵的资源,它既适合讲克罗地亚语的日语学生,也适合对一般语言学感兴趣的学生。这本书包括四个内容丰富的章节,以及一个涵盖日本书写系统基本方面的附录。
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引用次数: 0
Korean Honorifics in Flux: a Case Study of Seoul National University LEI Textbooks 流动中的韩国敬语——以首尔国立大学LEI教材为例
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-07-30 DOI: 10.4312/ala.13.2.87-112
Klaudija Lukman, Hyeonsook Ryu
This paper aims to demonstrate the close connection between society and politeness styles by analyzing Korean language textbooks for foreign learners published by Seoul National University Language Education Institute from 2000 to 2019. Changes in these textbooks indicate a dynamic interplay between society and language. The study reveals notable shifts in politeness styles, particularly the near-complete replacement of the formal hasipsioche with the polite informal style haeyoche. This paper seeks to connect the observed changes in textbooks and shifts in Korean culture and society. The paper offers a brief introduction to Korean history, society, and culture, highlighting their relevance to the Korean language in general and specifically to Korean in a second language education.
本文旨在通过分析首尔大学语言教育院2000年至2019年出版的外国学习者韩语教材,证明社会与礼貌风格之间的密切联系。这些教科书的变化表明社会和语言之间存在着动态的相互作用。该研究揭示了礼貌风格的显著变化,尤其是正式的hasipsioche几乎完全被礼貌的非正式风格haeyoche所取代。本文试图将观察到的教科书变化与韩国文化和社会的变化联系起来。本文简要介绍了韩国的历史、社会和文化,强调了它们与韩国语的相关性,特别是与第二语言教育中的韩国语。
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引用次数: 0
Exclamation in Late Archaic Chinese 古汉语晚期的感叹号
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-07-30 DOI: 10.4312/ala.13.2.59-85
Aiqing Wang
Exclamation is constituted of sentence exclamations and exclamatives. Sentence exclamations in Late Archaic Chinese (LAC) are expressives asserting denoted propositions, parallel to their counterparts in modern Mandarin. Sentence exclamations in LAC also indicate that the asserted propositions fail to meet speakers’ expectations, yet such a sense of surprise is not obligatory. Another property of sentence exclamations in LAC is their compatibility with focus structures whose value is reflected in a degree property. As for exclamatives, although they exist in modern Mandarin, they do not exist in LAC. There are exclamatory constructions involving degree adverbials he and heqi, which, according to traditional analyses (Yang & He, 1992, pp. 899-900; Chu, 1994, p. 303), are exclamatives. Nevertheless, I suggest that exclamatory constructions involving he and heqi in LAC fail to pass the exclamativity tests (Zanuttini & Portner 2000, 2003; Badan & Cheng, 2015), disparate from their modern counterparts, so they should not be treated as true exclamatives.
感叹词由句子感叹词和感叹词组成。晚古汉语中的感叹句是指称命题的表现形式,与现代汉语中的对应句相似。拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的句子感叹也表明,断言的命题没有达到说话者的期望,但这种惊讶感并不是强制性的。LAC中句子感叹句的另一个性质是它们与焦点结构的兼容性,焦点结构的价值反映在度性质中。至于感叹词,虽然在现代汉语中存在,但在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区却不存在。根据传统分析(Yang&he,1992,第899-900页;Chu,1994,第303页),存在涉及程度状语he和heqi的感叹句结构。尽管如此,我认为拉丁美洲和加勒比地区涉及he和heqi的感叹句结构未能通过感叹测试(Zanuttin&Portner 20002003;Badan&Cheng,2015),与现代的感叹句不同,因此不应将其视为真正的感叹句。
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引用次数: 0
Distant Co-occurrence Patterns of Connectives: a Corpus Study of Formulaicity in Japanese 连接词的远同现模式:日语公式化语料库研究
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-07-30 DOI: 10.4312/ala.13.2.9-38
Andrej Bekeš, Bor Hodošček, K. Nishina, Takeshi Abekawa
Using corpus research methods, this study aims to establish whether there are two-item and, more generally, multi-item distant co-occurrence patterns of connectives in written Japanese, and further, to clarify the role these patterns play in discourse. The study is based on a hybrid corpus of written Japanese including Humanities and social science papers, Science and technology papers, and general written language data. The co-occurrence threshold was set at co-occurrence frequency > 10, PMI value > 2, and Dice coefficient > 0.01. The distribution of the observed co-occurring pairs differed according to the genre. Visualization of the connectivity potential of co-occurring pairs as directed graphs showed that these co-occurring pairs constitute longer co-occurrence chains which can be interpreted as ready-made co-occurrence patterns. Two-item and multi-item co-occurrence patterns are considered a type of Bourdieu’s habitus and contribute to both discourse development and discourse prediction.
本研究采用语料库研究方法,旨在确定书面日语中连接词是否存在两项和更普遍的多项远距离共现模式,并进一步阐明这些模式在语篇中的作用。这项研究基于日语书面语的混合语料库,包括人文和社会科学论文、科学和技术论文以及一般书面语言数据。同现阈值设置为同现频率>10,PMI值>2,Dice系数>0.01。观察到的共现配对的分布因类型而异。将共现对的连通潜力可视化为有向图表明,这些共现对构成了更长的共现链,可以解释为现成的共现模式。两项和多项共现模式被认为是布迪厄的一种习惯,有助于话语发展和话语预测。
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引用次数: 0
Teaching Both Simplified and Traditional Characters to Learners of Chinese as L2 二语汉语学习者简体字与繁体字的教学
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-07-30 DOI: 10.4312/ala.13.2.39-57
Xiao Li
In the acquisition of Chinese as a second language, learning Chinese characters is an essential part of the learning process. There are various approaches to how and when Chinese characters should be introduced. Some scholars claim simplified characters should be given priority, while others promote teaching traditional characters first. Yet to some, teaching traditional and simplified characters simultaneously is preferable, while others believe that learning Hanyu Pinyin alone reduces the learning load and advocate the idea that learning characters be postponed to the later stages. This study discusses reading priorities for students of L2 Chinese in an environment that promotes balanced teaching of traditional and simplified characters from scratch. Results show that most learners prefer simplified characters though the number of students who equally acquired both characters in a set is also high. Fewer students prefer traditional characters, whereas texts in Hanyu Pinyin were not students’ preferred choice. Moreover, learners’ text comprehensions were better and more accurate when texts were written in characters.
在汉语作为第二语言的习得过程中,汉字的学习是学习过程中不可缺少的一部分。如何以及何时引入汉字有多种方法。一些学者认为应该优先教授简体字,而另一些学者则主张先教授繁体字。然而,对一些人来说,同时教授繁体字和简体字是可取的,而另一些人则认为单独学习汉语拼音会减少学习负担,并主张将学习汉字的想法推迟到后期。本研究探讨了在从零开始促进繁体字和简体字平衡教学的环境下,第二语言汉语学生的阅读优先级。结果表明,大多数学习者更喜欢简体字,尽管在一组文字中同时学习两种文字的学生数量也很高。更少的学生喜欢繁体字,而汉语拼音文本则不是学生的首选。此外,当文本以汉字书写时,学习者的文本理解更好、更准确。
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引用次数: 0
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Acta Linguistica Asiatica
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