Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.47802/amet.2021.35.03
Costel Cioancă
Configuring a certain form of life and a (different) image of the body-taken, the reason for the birth of a fairytale hero from a wood (xylogenesis), anchors the subject under discussion in an area of the mythical. The interpretive auspices given to wood/tree by archaic cultures, have positioned it almost invariably in the orderly symbolism of the centre (to the World). From the well -known cosmic tree of Old Testament mythology (the „tree of life”) to the famous Yggdrasil of Scandinavian mythology, not to mention the tree of enlightenment Bodhi Gaya, the symbolism of the centre-tree of the World (cosmic tree) is broadly the same. In the imaginary-memory cultural relationship aiming at researching the symbol- ism given to the tree/wood over time, the Romanian cultural space was no exception. We have archaeological references that convey the symbol of the sacred tree (fir tree) present on Dacian pottery; we have studies dedicated to the evolution of the symbolism of the cosmic tree on the traditional costume or to the „taking care” of a funerary tree, to the presence of the tree of life in the portals of some Saxon churches, to the motif of the tree of life in Romanian folk architecture etc. The documentation for this study revealed me, by consulting the anthologies of Romanian fairy tales, some interesting aspects taken for this reason at the level of the fantastic epic. None working mechanically, all reflecting the process of the archaic system of symbolic thinking: without immutable patterns, without refractory visions, but always with a symbolic nucleus in the deep layer of the epic. Considering the structural particularities, the coherence and the specificity of the motif approached in the present study, it must be said that at the level of the Romanian fantastic fairy tale we detected, besides the delimits and at the same time „revolves” around xylogenesis, with ontogenetically- different nuances: wearing wooden clothes or living in a tree to avoid incest, with the opening of the tree only through a magical invocation; heroes and/or animals with „name of a tree” but without having to deal with a proper xylogenesis; the passing away of fairytale characters as a result of some existential-human tragedies, in symbolic forms (metamorphosis in trees); varies. Keywords: imaginary, phenomenology, hermeneutics, Romanian fairytale, xylogenesis.
{"title":"Pentru o poetica a imaginarului: xilogeneza în basmul fantastic românesc","authors":"Costel Cioancă","doi":"10.47802/amet.2021.35.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47802/amet.2021.35.03","url":null,"abstract":"Configuring a certain form of life and a (different) image of the body-taken, the reason for the birth of a fairytale hero from a wood (xylogenesis), anchors the subject under discussion in an area of the mythical. The interpretive auspices given to wood/tree by archaic cultures, have positioned it almost invariably in the orderly symbolism of the centre (to the World). From the well -known cosmic tree of Old Testament mythology (the „tree of life”) to the famous Yggdrasil of Scandinavian mythology, not to mention the tree of enlightenment Bodhi Gaya, the symbolism of the centre-tree of the World (cosmic tree) is broadly the same. In the imaginary-memory cultural relationship aiming at researching the symbol- ism given to the tree/wood over time, the Romanian cultural space was no exception. We have archaeological references that convey the symbol of the sacred tree (fir tree) present on Dacian pottery; we have studies dedicated to the evolution of the symbolism of the cosmic tree on the traditional costume or to the „taking care” of a funerary tree, to the presence of the tree of life in the portals of some Saxon churches, to the motif of the tree of life in Romanian folk architecture etc. The documentation for this study revealed me, by consulting the anthologies of Romanian fairy tales, some interesting aspects taken for this reason at the level of the fantastic epic. None working mechanically, all reflecting the process of the archaic system of symbolic thinking: without immutable patterns, without refractory visions, but always with a symbolic nucleus in the deep layer of the epic. Considering the structural particularities, the coherence and the specificity of the motif approached in the present study, it must be said that at the level of the Romanian fantastic fairy tale we detected, besides the delimits and at the same time „revolves” around xylogenesis, with ontogenetically- different nuances: wearing wooden clothes or living in a tree to avoid incest, with the opening of the tree only through a magical invocation; heroes and/or animals with „name of a tree” but without having to deal with a proper xylogenesis; the passing away of fairytale characters as a result of some existential-human tragedies, in symbolic forms (metamorphosis in trees); varies. Keywords: imaginary, phenomenology, hermeneutics, Romanian fairytale, xylogenesis.","PeriodicalId":373761,"journal":{"name":"Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123881349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-20DOI: 10.47802/AMET.2020.34.10
Andrei Flavius Petruț
"Stories about ghosts/undeads The present text brings into discussion the supernatural beings that still haunt the collective mentality of the inhabitants of the land of Zarand. Ghosts, because it’s them we are talking about, are still part of the stories of the elderly who remember their encounters with them. Unwanted in the village world and blaming them for the various misfortunes facing the community, people have developed practices to help them identify these beings, but also to remove them. Thus, since the birth of certain children who have a malformation of the spine, it is believed that they are undead. Sometimes, during life, because of curses or pacts with the devil, people lose their souls, so that, after death, they do not find their peace and continue to come to haunt those who are alive. People told us about these meetings, presenting the practices by which undeads are removed: through witchcraft, with the help of priests or through divine intervention. People do not want these returns of dead people, even if they are their beloved ones. Once dead, man loses his human status, these returns disturbing the peace of the village, and can cause strong imbalances: disease, famine, death of people and animals. Only after these beings are defeated, the life of the villagers’ returns to normal, keeping only the memory of the events that disturbed the peace. Keywords: Undeads, supernatural beings, dead alive, witchcraft, pact with the devil "
{"title":"Povești despre strigoi","authors":"Andrei Flavius Petruț","doi":"10.47802/AMET.2020.34.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47802/AMET.2020.34.10","url":null,"abstract":"\"Stories about ghosts/undeads\u0000\u0000The present text brings into discussion the supernatural beings that still haunt the collective mentality of the inhabitants of the land of Zarand. Ghosts, because it’s them we are talking about, are still part of the stories of the elderly who remember their encounters with them. Unwanted in the village world and blaming them for the various misfortunes facing the community, people have developed practices to help them identify these beings, but also to remove them. Thus, since the birth of certain children who have a malformation of the spine, it is believed that they are undead. Sometimes, during life, because of curses or pacts with the devil, people lose their souls, so that, after death, they do not find their peace and continue to come to haunt those who are alive. People told us about these meetings, presenting the practices by which undeads are removed: through witchcraft, with the help of priests or through divine intervention. People do not want these returns of dead people, even if they are their beloved ones. Once dead, man loses his human status, these returns disturbing the peace of the village, and can cause strong imbalances: disease, famine, death of people and animals. Only after these beings are defeated, the life of the villagers’ returns to normal, keeping only the memory of the events that disturbed the peace.\u0000Keywords: Undeads, supernatural beings, dead alive, witchcraft, pact with the devil\u0000\"","PeriodicalId":373761,"journal":{"name":"Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115703015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-20DOI: 10.47802/AMET.2020.34.07
Pamfil Bilțiu, Maria Bilțiu
"Easter in the Maramureş folklore Based on direct field investigations, our research is meant to investigate the repertoire rich in traditions, customs, beliefs and superstitions, most of which make up the pre-Christian background of this religious feast day. We dedicated the first part to the preparatory acts of this feast day, giving priority to important traditions and customs due to their age: ritual sweeping, ritual lamb sacrifice, the Holy Thursday custom “piezărit”, and then to broadly approach the eggs’ painting and decorating. Following the fusion of the repertoire of pre-Christian and Christian traditions, we dedicated due space to the use of red and decorated eggs in the feast day ceremony, and we also reserved an extended space for the traditions of using eggshells and egg-reddening legends. We have permanently paid attention to pre-Christian customs performed on this feast day, such as ritual fires, customs and traditions related to the cult of the dead. We have extensively approached the custom of the Easter forefathers, in the Land of Lăpuş, which is individualized as compared to other country areas by its novelty, complexity and ethnographic elements, at Easter taking place during two days. I have reviewed the rich repertoire of beliefs and superstitions and I have treated traditions related to premonitions and folk medicine. In our research, we have dedicated an extended space to customs and traditions that take place on the second day of this religious feast day, completing its rich pre-Christian background: girls’ watering, boys’ dance, but the emphasis falls on the custom of celebrating the most diligent housekeeper, the first one to plow, in the versions from Şurdeşti and Cufoaia, which include sequences with unique ceremonial acts and rituals. Keywords: Easter eggs, Maramureș, feast day ceremony, customs "
{"title":"Paştile în folclorul maramureşean","authors":"Pamfil Bilțiu, Maria Bilțiu","doi":"10.47802/AMET.2020.34.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47802/AMET.2020.34.07","url":null,"abstract":"\"Easter in the Maramureş folklore\u0000\u0000Based on direct field investigations, our research is meant to investigate the repertoire rich in traditions, customs, beliefs and superstitions, most of which make up the pre-Christian background of this religious feast day.\u0000We dedicated the first part to the preparatory acts of this feast day, giving priority to important traditions and customs due to their age: ritual sweeping, ritual lamb sacrifice, the Holy Thursday custom “piezărit”, and then to broadly approach the eggs’ painting and decorating. Following the fusion of the repertoire of pre-Christian and Christian traditions, we dedicated due space to the use of red and decorated eggs in the feast day ceremony, and we also reserved an extended space for the traditions of using eggshells and egg-reddening legends.\u0000We have permanently paid attention to pre-Christian customs performed on this feast day, such as ritual fires, customs and traditions related to the cult of the dead. We have extensively approached the custom of the Easter forefathers, in the Land of Lăpuş, which is individualized as compared to other country areas by its novelty, complexity and ethnographic elements, at Easter taking place during two days.\u0000I have reviewed the rich repertoire of beliefs and superstitions and I have treated traditions related to premonitions and folk medicine.\u0000In our research, we have dedicated an extended space to customs and traditions that take place on the second day of this religious feast day, completing its rich pre-Christian background: girls’ watering, boys’ dance, but the emphasis falls on the custom of celebrating the most diligent housekeeper, the first one to plow, in the versions from Şurdeşti and Cufoaia, which include sequences with unique ceremonial acts and rituals.\u0000Keywords: Easter eggs, Maramureș, feast day ceremony, customs\u0000\"","PeriodicalId":373761,"journal":{"name":"Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122369223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-20DOI: 10.47802/AMET.2020.34.15
S. Suciu
"L’affaire de l’art Le marché d’art dans l’époque moderne La deuxième partie du 19ème siècle a marqué une époque sans précédent de l’expression esthétique et des moyens de vendre les produits artistiques. La révolution des impressionnistes a changé pour toujours la technique et l’image de la peinture. L’exposition de 1874 des impressionnistes - Auguste Renoir, Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, Alfred Sisley, Camille Pissarro, Armand Guillaumin, Bethe Morisot - de l’atelier du photographe Nadar du Boulevard des Capucines avait choqué le publique qui accusait le caractère indéfini de leurs œuvres et les expositions suivantes ont suscité les mêmes critiques. La peinture de Claude Monet, «Impression, soleil levant», a donné le nom de ce groupe d’artistes considérés souvent « intransigeants » et « révolutionnaires ». Plus de 30 ans ont dû passer pour que leur création soit acceptée. Comme dans les époques antérieures, l’art était destiné à une clientèle riche et représentait un moyen de montrer le rang, la vertu et la grandeur de ceux qui le possédaient. Paul Durand-Ruel, Ambroise Vollard et la famille Wildenstein ont changé radicalement le commerce d’art et leurs nouvelles techniques de commerce se trouvent à la base de la distribution des arts plastiques dans l’époque contemporaine. Ils ont soutenu l’Impressionnisme et l’ont transformé dans un « mode » et un courant artistique en vogue. Ils ont formé une nouvelle catégorie des collectionneurs qui ont commencé à comprendre ce mouvement nouveau. Paul Durand-Ruel a introduit la peinture des impressionnistes dans les États-Unis et a marqué leur reconnaissance internationale. Les nouveaux-riches américains ont prouvé de l’appétit pour cet art révolutionnaire et sont devenus les bénéficiaires parfaits de ce mouvement, avant que les français l’acceptent. Mots clés: époque moderne, marché d’art, Impressionnisme, les États-Unis, collection "
“19世纪下半叶的艺术品市场事件标志着一个前所未有的审美表达和艺术产品销售方式的时代。印象派革命永远地改变了绘画的技巧和形象。1874年印象派展览- Auguste Renoir), Claude Monet, Edgar Degas), Alfred Sisley纪尧姆、毕沙罗(Camille,阿尔芒,Bethe - Morisot工作室的摄影师Nadar Boulevard des Capucines曾震惊了公众的指责他们无限期性质及以下展览作品引起了同样的批评。克劳德·莫奈(Claude Monet)的画作《印象，冉冉升起的太阳》(Impression, sunrise)给这群经常被认为是“不妥协”和“革命”的艺术家起了个名字。30多年过去了，他们的作品才被接受。和以前一样，艺术是为富有的顾客准备的，是展示拥有它的人的地位、美德和伟大的一种方式。Paul Durand-Ruel, Ambroise Vollard和Wildenstein家族从根本上改变了艺术贸易，他们的新贸易技术是当代造型艺术分销的基础。他们支持印象派，并将其转变为一种“时尚”和艺术潮流。他们形成了一个新的收藏家类别，他们开始理解这一新运动。保罗·杜兰德-鲁埃尔将印象派绘画引入美国，并标志着印象派绘画的国际认可。美国的新富人对这种革命性的艺术表现出了兴趣，并在法国人接受它之前成为了它的完美受益者。关键词:现代，艺术市场，印象派，美国，收藏
{"title":"Afacerea artei. Negoț cu artă și artiști în epoca modernă","authors":"S. Suciu","doi":"10.47802/AMET.2020.34.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47802/AMET.2020.34.15","url":null,"abstract":"\"L’affaire de l’art\u0000Le marché d’art dans l’époque moderne \u0000\u0000La deuxième partie du 19ème siècle a marqué une époque sans précédent de l’expression esthétique et des moyens de vendre les produits artistiques. La révolution des impressionnistes a changé pour toujours la technique et l’image de la peinture. L’exposition de 1874 des impressionnistes - Auguste Renoir, Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, Alfred Sisley, Camille Pissarro, Armand Guillaumin, Bethe Morisot - de l’atelier du photographe Nadar du Boulevard des Capucines avait choqué le publique qui accusait le caractère indéfini de leurs œuvres et les expositions suivantes ont suscité les mêmes critiques. La peinture de Claude Monet, «Impression, soleil levant», a donné le nom de ce groupe d’artistes considérés souvent « intransigeants » et « révolutionnaires ». Plus de 30 ans ont dû passer pour que leur création soit acceptée. \u0000Comme dans les époques antérieures, l’art était destiné à une clientèle riche et représentait un moyen de montrer le rang, la vertu et la grandeur de ceux qui le possédaient. Paul Durand-Ruel, Ambroise Vollard et la famille Wildenstein ont changé radicalement le commerce d’art et leurs nouvelles techniques de commerce se trouvent à la base de la distribution des arts plastiques dans l’époque contemporaine. Ils ont soutenu l’Impressionnisme et l’ont transformé dans un « mode » et un courant artistique en vogue. Ils ont formé une nouvelle catégorie des collectionneurs qui ont commencé à comprendre ce mouvement nouveau. Paul Durand-Ruel a introduit la peinture des impressionnistes dans les États-Unis et a marqué leur reconnaissance internationale. Les nouveaux-riches américains ont prouvé de l’appétit pour cet art révolutionnaire et sont devenus les bénéficiaires parfaits de ce mouvement, avant que les français l’acceptent. \u0000Mots clés: époque moderne, marché d’art, Impressionnisme, les États-Unis, collection\u0000\"","PeriodicalId":373761,"journal":{"name":"Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125100114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-20DOI: 10.47802/AMET.2020.34.19
Maria Tonca, Mioara Sîntiuan
"The Restoration of the icon on wood “Our Lady of the Sign” The paper describes the state of conservation of a Lipovan icon, with the theme “Our Lady of the Sign”, presenting the degradation forms, and also describes the restoration stages, characterized by specific techniques and materials. The icon dates from the beginning of 19th century and it is painted in tempera technique on wooden panel. It is one of the oldest Russian Orthodox Mariological Iconography celebrated on November 27. Keywords: conservation, restoration, icon, wooden panel, ”Our Lady of the Sign” "
“The Lady of The Sign”这篇论文以“Our Lady of The Sign”为主题，描述了一个Lipovan圣像的保护状态，呈现了其退化的形式，并描述了修复的阶段，以特定的技术和材料为特征。这个图标可以追溯到19世纪初，它是用蛋彩画技术画在木板上的。这是11月27日庆祝的最古老的俄罗斯东正教圣像之一。关键词:保护，修复，圣像，木板，《圣母》
{"title":"Restaurarea icoanei pe lemn „Maica Domnului a Semnului”","authors":"Maria Tonca, Mioara Sîntiuan","doi":"10.47802/AMET.2020.34.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47802/AMET.2020.34.19","url":null,"abstract":"\"The Restoration of the icon on wood “Our Lady of the Sign”\u0000\u0000The paper describes the state of conservation of a Lipovan icon, with the theme “Our Lady of the Sign”, presenting the degradation forms, and also describes the restoration stages, characterized by specific techniques and materials. The icon dates from the beginning of 19th century and it is painted in tempera technique on wooden panel. It is one of the oldest Russian Orthodox Mariological Iconography celebrated on November 27. \u0000Keywords: conservation, restoration, icon, wooden panel, ”Our Lady of the Sign”\u0000\"","PeriodicalId":373761,"journal":{"name":"Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128862065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-20DOI: 10.47802/AMET.2020.34.03
C. Micu
"Shepherding on Argeș Valley – spatial coordinates This paper presents the essential elements that define the spatial coordinate characteristic of shepherding which is practised in the sub-Carpathian villages on the Argeș Valley, following the documentary attestations of the villages, the genesis and evolution of the village boundaries, the evolution of land ownership and the right to use lands (in condominium or individually). Also within the spatial coordinate, there are researched the traditional ways in which the potential of the rural land fund is highlighted, as a result of its geomorphological, pedological, climatic qualities, etc., the study taking into consideration all the areal types with pastoral potential, not only those on the administrative territory of the villages, but also those in the mountain area destined for summer grazing. If for the presentation of origins, attestations, borderline fixation of the villages from the studied areal, documents, monographic studies and other categories of specialized works have been used, for the understanding of the manner of pastoral, individual and especially collective exploitation of the land fund by the village communities, of valorizing the fodder qualities of the different types of surfaces, it was necessary to carry out field research in the three targeted villages: Albeștii de Argeș, Corbeni and Arefu, all in the Argeș County. The visit of sheepfolds from Lespezi, Lipitoarea, Ciocanu, Podeanu, Oticu, in the alpine hollow of the Făgăraș Mountains, were necessary both for studying some elements related to the spatial coordinate (sheepfold location, daily travel routes, travel routes from the village hearth to the mountains, etc.) as well as for conducting interviews, based on an elaborate questionnaire, interviews generating unique and extremely useful information also for researching the other coordinates of the pastoral system practiced in the area. Keywords: shepherding, Argeș Valley, spatial coordinate, pastoral system, field research "
{"title":"Păstoritul de pe Valea Argeșului – coordonate spațiale","authors":"C. Micu","doi":"10.47802/AMET.2020.34.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47802/AMET.2020.34.03","url":null,"abstract":"\"Shepherding on Argeș Valley – spatial coordinates\u0000\u0000This paper presents the essential elements that define the spatial coordinate characteristic of shepherding which is practised in the sub-Carpathian villages on the Argeș Valley, following the documentary attestations of the villages, the genesis and evolution of the village boundaries, the evolution of land ownership and the right to use lands (in condominium or individually). Also within the spatial coordinate, there are researched the traditional ways in which the potential of the rural land fund is highlighted, as a result of its geomorphological, pedological, climatic qualities, etc., the study taking into consideration all the areal types with pastoral potential, not only those on the administrative territory of the villages, but also those in the mountain area destined for summer grazing.\u0000If for the presentation of origins, attestations, borderline fixation of the villages from the studied areal, documents, monographic studies and other categories of specialized works have been used, for the understanding of the manner of pastoral, individual and especially collective exploitation of the land fund by the village communities, of valorizing the fodder qualities of the different types of surfaces, it was necessary to carry out field research in the three targeted villages: Albeștii de Argeș, Corbeni and Arefu, all in the Argeș County. The visit of sheepfolds from Lespezi, Lipitoarea, Ciocanu, Podeanu, Oticu, in the alpine hollow of the Făgăraș Mountains, were necessary both for studying some elements related to the spatial coordinate (sheepfold location, daily travel routes, travel routes from the village hearth to the mountains, etc.) as well as for conducting interviews, based on an elaborate questionnaire, interviews generating unique and extremely useful information also for researching the other coordinates of the pastoral system practiced in the area.\u0000Keywords: shepherding, Argeș Valley, spatial coordinate, pastoral system, field research\u0000\"","PeriodicalId":373761,"journal":{"name":"Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130942561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-20DOI: 10.47802/AMET.2020.34.02
Teofil Ivanciuc
"The hay barrack and other hay structures from the Land of Maramureș The hay barrack is a unique structure, consisting of four wooden poles which support a pyramidal roof, which can be raised or lowered, depending on the amount of hay sheltered from the weather. The Land of Maramureș (the northern half of the current Maramureș County), a quite well-known traditional life stronghold, can be considered ”the World’s hay capital”, a place where the hay culture is stronger than anywhere else and where the fields are filled up with ”classic” hay barracks (we estimate that there are probably 10-15,000 structures still left), with tens of thousands hay stacks, with thousands hay barracks with immovable roof and with countless drying hayracks of different types, so many that they change the look of the landscape. Moreover, there is the only place where the hay barracks are still used today exactly as in the Middle Ages (being filled regularly, manually, with traditionally harvested hay), and on a huge scale, not found elsewhere. With prehistoric origins, the most special structure, the hay barrack is considered to have its birthplace in the Netherlands, from where, since the 13th and 14th centuries, it spread over a large part of the continent, a territory bordered by Great Britain, France, Northern Italy, Croatia, Hungary, Northern Transylvania, Ukraine, Russia or Scandinavia. Today, everywhere, the unusual barrack has disappeared, except în Maramureș and the Netherlands - where there is the second largest group of preserved structures, but without being used anymore for storing hay. The study lists the main features of the construction, the villages where the hay barracks survive in more significant number, and it tries to find out the reason why this type of structure still persists so strongly in that region. At the end there are some old images from different places, as well as contemporary photographs taken in Maramureș, featuring various types of hay structures. Keywords: hay barrack, hay stack, hayrack, Maramureș, traditional farming "
{"title":"Șoprul și alte structuri pentru fân din Țara Maramureșului","authors":"Teofil Ivanciuc","doi":"10.47802/AMET.2020.34.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47802/AMET.2020.34.02","url":null,"abstract":"\"The hay barrack and other hay structures \u0000from the Land of Maramureș\u0000\u0000The hay barrack is a unique structure, consisting of four wooden poles which support a pyramidal roof, which can be raised or lowered, depending on the amount of hay sheltered from the weather.\u0000The Land of Maramureș (the northern half of the current Maramureș County), a quite well-known traditional life stronghold, can be considered ”the World’s hay capital”, a place where the hay culture is stronger than anywhere else and where the fields are filled up with ”classic” hay barracks (we estimate that there are probably 10-15,000 structures still left), with tens of thousands hay stacks, with thousands hay barracks with immovable roof and with countless drying hayracks of different types, so many that they change the look of the landscape.\u0000 Moreover, there is the only place where the hay barracks are still used today exactly as in the Middle Ages (being filled regularly, manually, with traditionally harvested hay), and on a huge scale, not found elsewhere.\u0000With prehistoric origins, the most special structure, the hay barrack is considered to have its birthplace in the Netherlands, from where, since the 13th and 14th centuries, it spread over a large part of the continent, a territory bordered by Great Britain, France, Northern Italy, Croatia, Hungary, Northern Transylvania, Ukraine, Russia or Scandinavia.\u0000Today, everywhere, the unusual barrack has disappeared, except în Maramureș and the Netherlands - where there is the second largest group of preserved structures, but without being used anymore for storing hay.\u0000The study lists the main features of the construction, the villages where the hay barracks survive in more significant number, and it tries to find out the reason why this type of structure still persists so strongly in that region.\u0000At the end there are some old images from different places, as well as contemporary photographs taken in Maramureș, featuring various types of hay structures. \u0000Keywords: hay barrack, hay stack, hayrack, Maramureș, traditional farming\u0000\"","PeriodicalId":373761,"journal":{"name":"Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128288818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-20DOI: 10.47802/AMET.2020.34.04
Ioan Toșa
"Information captured in the documents kept in the archive of the Transylvanian Museum of Ethnography regarding the settlements and houses There are presented some aspects regarding the settlements and houses captured in the documents kept in the archive of the Transylvanian Museum of Ethnography, insisting on geographical position, toponymy, number and occupation of inhabitants, building materials, housing, furniture, cooking and heating appliances, and customs. Keywords: settlements, farmstead, house, roof, customs "
{"title":"Informații din Arhiva Muzeului Etnografic al Transilvaniei referitoare la așezări și case","authors":"Ioan Toșa","doi":"10.47802/AMET.2020.34.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47802/AMET.2020.34.04","url":null,"abstract":"\"Information captured in the documents kept in the archive of the Transylvanian Museum of Ethnography regarding the settlements and houses\u0000\u0000There are presented some aspects regarding the settlements and houses captured in the documents kept in the archive of the Transylvanian Museum of Ethnography, insisting on geographical position, toponymy, number and occupation of inhabitants, building materials, housing, furniture, cooking and heating appliances, and customs.\u0000Keywords: settlements, farmstead, house, roof, customs\u0000\"","PeriodicalId":373761,"journal":{"name":"Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134179656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-20DOI: 10.47802/AMET.2020.34.06
Pamfil Bilțiu
"The magic of manna in the folk culture of Maramureş Based on our direct field research, we have dedicated this study to a very rich chapter of magic, that of manna (abundance), as it appears in the folk culture of Maramureş. In the first part we analyzed the concept of the manna in the Romanian and the universal folk culture, but also the categories of rites through which the magic of the abundance is performed. We reserved the investigation part to the rites of defense, conservation and magical stimulation of the fields production. In this chapter we have focused on the rites that are practiced at certain times considered by people to be critical : the beginning of ploughing and sewing. We have reserved due space to the study of the rites related to the abundance of the fields in the spring customs, which represent a large category, then in the rites within the winter customs. A large of our research was dedicated to the rites related to the defense and magical stimulation of animal products abundance. In this chapter too, we focused on the rites dedicated to critical moments: taking out the sheep, climbing the sheep in the mountains, the first milking. In our research, we have dealt extensively with the categories of rites related to the defense and stimulation of cow milk production. A chapter of our study approaches the magical practices of stimulating tree fruits abundance, some preserved in traditional customs such as the threat to the barren tree. In this chapter we analyzed reminiscences of the stimulation of the manna of the trees in the old carols, such as ""White apple flowers"". Another chapter of our research is dedicated to the rites of stimulating the abundance of poultry products. A complex chapter is devoted to the rites of taking away the manna of milking animals. I have reserved an equally extensive chapter to the rites of getting back the manna of milking animals, at the end of the research. Keywords: manna, rite, animal, custom, tree "
{"title":"Magia manei în cultura populară din Maramureș","authors":"Pamfil Bilțiu","doi":"10.47802/AMET.2020.34.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47802/AMET.2020.34.06","url":null,"abstract":"\"The magic of manna in the folk culture of Maramureş\u0000\u0000Based on our direct field research, we have dedicated this study to a very rich chapter of magic, that of manna (abundance), as it appears in the folk culture of Maramureş.\u0000In the first part we analyzed the concept of the manna in the Romanian and the universal folk culture, but also the categories of rites through which the magic of the abundance is performed.\u0000We reserved the investigation part to the rites of defense, conservation and magical stimulation of the fields production. In this chapter we have focused on the rites that are practiced at certain times considered by people to be critical : the beginning of ploughing and sewing. We have reserved due space to the study of the rites related to the abundance of the fields in the spring customs, which represent a large category, then in the rites within the winter customs.\u0000A large of our research was dedicated to the rites related to the defense and magical stimulation of animal products abundance. In this chapter too, we focused on the rites dedicated to critical moments: taking out the sheep, climbing the sheep in the mountains, the first milking. In our research, we have dealt extensively with the categories of rites related to the defense and stimulation of cow milk production.\u0000A chapter of our study approaches the magical practices of stimulating tree fruits abundance, some preserved in traditional customs such as the threat to the barren tree. In this chapter we analyzed reminiscences of the stimulation of the manna of the trees in the old carols, such as \"\"White apple flowers\"\".\u0000Another chapter of our research is dedicated to the rites of stimulating the abundance of poultry products.\u0000A complex chapter is devoted to the rites of taking away the manna of milking animals.\u0000I have reserved an equally extensive chapter to the rites of getting back the manna of milking animals, at the end of the research.\u0000Keywords: manna, rite, animal, custom, tree\u0000\"","PeriodicalId":373761,"journal":{"name":"Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125871605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-20DOI: 10.47802/AMET.2020.34.08
Costel Cioancă
"Semiotics of The Right To Dream: Mythical Dimensions of Time From The Romanian Fantastic Fairy Tale A fundamental concept of human existence as a species, Time has always been a defining landmark of the depth of thought of homo sapiens. With religious or scientific character, the ensemble of myths, beliefs, ideas, ideologies, representations and significances given to this concept led, …in time, to the birth of a rich, distinct and complex symbolic imaginary. Both a physical continuum (space-time in which biological, chemical, physical and mechanical processes occur that cause changes in Nature) and a philosophical one (events are perceived and cognitively systematized by man from the past to present towards future), Time it has always aroused peoples interest. We have deities of Time (Cronus, Zurvan, Maku). We have, also, the characteristic concepts that mark the fictional-mythical transfiguration and the triumph of the irreducible search for the truth of meaning. Such as the promise of a (possible) paradisiacal land of eternity, such as the Aion concept of the ancient Greeks (in the sense of cyclical time/eternity), or the existence of specialized divine beings (Moirs of ancient Greece, Roman Parce or Scandinavian Norns) who measure the profane time (past, present, future), and relates it to the celestial, relativistic, perpetual-eternal time. From the area of pure philosophy who approache the subject, inevitably passing through the field of quantum physics that tries to define as precisely as possible the notion of Time (definition, dimensions, units of measurement etc.), we have approaches to this concept at the level of music, literature, art. An true illud tempus, moving the content from metaphysics to myth, and viceversa, there are the many reflections of famous people about the concept of time. Approaching topics about the existence of ,,fashionable” references (billionaires, famous or just controversial politicians, footballers, actors, etc.), we have a post-modern mythological imaginary offered daily by Time Magazine, The New York Times, The Sunday Times etc. As well, being an important landmark in the editing policy, we have a font agreed by more and more magazines, periodicals, publishing houses - Times New Roman. The social life of the traditional Romanian communities, who generates and consumes fantastic fairy tales, tried to reconcile the human activities with the constant phenomena of the environment (terrestrial, cosmic). Starting from certain constants that counted human activity with the cosmic and terrestrial rhythms of Nature (day-night succession; the succession of seasons; the rhythmicity of some manifestations of the vegetal and animal kingdom), the calendars had appeared lunar, solar, solar-lunar, popular, Christian, civil). Their existence and use made that the passage of time to be more easily perceived and memorized. The calendar practices and habits, performed in a predetermined time and in a certain way (= ritual)
作为人类作为一个物种存在的基本概念，时间一直是智人思想深度的一个决定性里程碑。随着时间的推移，赋予这一概念的神话、信仰、观念、意识形态、表征和意义的集合具有宗教或科学的特征，导致了一个丰富、独特和复杂的象征性想象的诞生。无论是物理连续体(发生生物、化学、物理和机械过程并导致自然变化的时空)还是哲学连续体(从过去到现在再到未来的事件被人类感知和认知系统化)，时间总是引起人们的兴趣。我们有时间之神(克洛诺斯，祖万，马库)。我们也有一些独特的概念，它们标志着虚构神话的变形和对意义真理的不可简化的探索的胜利。比如一个(可能的)永恒天堂的承诺，比如古希腊人的Aion概念(在循环时间/永恒的意义上)，或者专门的神的存在(古希腊的Moirs，罗马的Parce或斯堪的纳维亚的Norns)，他们测量世俗的时间(过去，现在，未来)，并将其与天体，相对论，永恒的时间联系起来。从纯哲学领域开始，不可避免地要经过量子物理学领域，量子物理学试图尽可能精确地定义时间的概念(定义、维度、测量单位等)，我们从音乐、文学、艺术的层面来研究这个概念。一个真正的插图，将内容从形而上学转移到神话，反之亦然，有许多名人对时间概念的反思。谈到“时尚”人物(亿万富翁、著名或有争议的政治家、足球运动员、演员等)的存在，我们每天都有《时代》杂志、《纽约时报》、《星期日泰晤士报》等杂志提供的后现代神话想象。同时，作为编辑政策的一个重要里程碑，我们有了一种被越来越多的杂志、期刊、出版社认可的字体——Times New Roman。罗马尼亚传统社区的社会生活产生并消费荒诞的童话故事，试图使人类活动与环境(陆地和宇宙)的恒定现象相协调。从计算人类活动与宇宙和地球自然节律的某些常数(昼夜演替;季节更替;(植物界和动物界的一些表现形式的节律性)，历法出现了阴历、太阳历、日阴历、通俗历、基督教历、民间历)。它们的存在和使用使得时间的流逝更容易被感知和记忆。日历的实践和习惯，在预定的时间内以某种方式(=仪式)进行，除了在传统的象征思维中标记人类时间的特殊性，在传统中，在宇宙时间中，在超越人类的时间中进行表演之外，什么也没有做。本研究探讨了罗马尼亚神话故事中大众想象力赋予这一概念的价值和象征意义。童话故事集为我提供了一些定义时间的主要方向，有时传统的想象是物理常数和神话史诗变化的微妙游戏。因此，我发现了时间的形而上学维度，发现了将时间，一个最佳行动时间，以及英雄或永恒领域所穿越的距离(时空)的原因，在那里，时间甚至不是抽象存在的……一切都自然而然地得出了一系列结论。关键词:想象，现象学，解释学，罗马尼亚童话，时间
{"title":"Semiotica dreptului de a visa: dimensiuni mitice ale timpului din basmul fantastic românesc","authors":"Costel Cioancă","doi":"10.47802/AMET.2020.34.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47802/AMET.2020.34.08","url":null,"abstract":"\"Semiotics of The Right To Dream: Mythical Dimensions of Time From The Romanian Fantastic Fairy Tale\u0000\u0000A fundamental concept of human existence as a species, Time has always been a defining landmark of the depth of thought of homo sapiens. With religious or scientific character, the ensemble of myths, beliefs, ideas, ideologies, representations and significances given to this concept led, …in time, to the birth of a rich, distinct and complex symbolic imaginary. Both a physical continuum (space-time in which biological, chemical, physical and mechanical processes occur that cause changes in Nature) and a philosophical one (events are perceived and cognitively systematized by man from the past to present towards future), Time it has always aroused peoples interest.\u0000We have deities of Time (Cronus, Zurvan, Maku). We have, also, the characteristic concepts that mark the fictional-mythical transfiguration and the triumph of the irreducible search for the truth of meaning. Such as the promise of a (possible) paradisiacal land of eternity, such as the Aion concept of the ancient Greeks (in the sense of cyclical time/eternity), or the existence of specialized divine beings (Moirs of ancient Greece, Roman Parce or Scandinavian Norns) who measure the profane time (past, present, future), and relates it to the celestial, relativistic, perpetual-eternal time. From the area of pure philosophy who approache the subject, inevitably passing through the field of quantum physics that tries to define as precisely as possible the notion of Time (definition, dimensions, units of measurement etc.), we have approaches to this concept at the level of music, literature, art. An true illud tempus, moving the content from metaphysics to myth, and viceversa, there are the many reflections of famous people about the concept of time. Approaching topics about the existence of ,,fashionable” references (billionaires, famous or just controversial politicians, footballers, actors, etc.), we have a post-modern mythological imaginary offered daily by Time Magazine, The New York Times, The Sunday Times etc. As well, being an important landmark in the editing policy, we have a font agreed by more and more magazines, periodicals, publishing houses - Times New Roman. \u0000The social life of the traditional Romanian communities, who generates and consumes fantastic fairy tales, tried to reconcile the human activities with the constant phenomena of the environment (terrestrial, cosmic). Starting from certain constants that counted human activity with the cosmic and terrestrial rhythms of Nature (day-night succession; the succession of seasons; the rhythmicity of some manifestations of the vegetal and animal kingdom), the calendars had appeared lunar, solar, solar-lunar, popular, Christian, civil). Their existence and use made that the passage of time to be more easily perceived and memorized. The calendar practices and habits, performed in a predetermined time and in a certain way (= ritual)","PeriodicalId":373761,"journal":{"name":"Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126585319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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