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Design and performance evaluation of nano-based drilling fluid system for hydrate bearing sediments 含水合物沉积物纳米钻井液体系设计与性能评价

IF 3.5 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2025.07.003

Dongdong Guo , Jiaxin Sun , Bing Liu , Hengyin Zhu , Ren Wang , Fulong Ning

Well drilling operations are essential for the exploration and development of natural gas hydrates. However, under specific conditions, drilling fluids can invade reservoirs, leading to borehole instability and distortions in well-logging data. The incorporation of nanoparticles has proven to be an effective method to enhance the anti-filtration and pore or fracture plugging capabilities of drilling fluids, thus improving wellbore stability. Additionally, research has shown that a targeted concentration of hydrophilic nanoparticles can inhibit hydrate formation. This study focuses on hydrophilic nano-CaCO₃ particles as specialized additives for drilling fluids and proposes a nano-based hydrate drilling fluid system. The performance and hydrate inhibition of this modified drilling fluid were comprehensively evaluated. The designed formulation for the simulated drilling fluid was determined to be: 1.0% CMC + 0.1% PAM + 0.1% XC + 5.0% NaCl + 5.0% KCl + 1.0% PVCap + 1.0%–6.0% nano-CaCO₃. The designed drilling fluid system achieved a colloidal stability exceeding 97%, with a density range of 1.08–1.10 g/cm³. Its apparent viscosity ranged from 36 to 79.5 mPa·s, plastic viscosity from 27 to 42 mPa·s, and dynamic shear force from 8.176 to 38.325 Pa. The rheological effects of nanoparticles are concentration-dependent, with minimal changes at 1–4 wt% and significant increases at 5–6 wt%, enabling performance tuning for drilling needs. The pH value of the fluid was approximately 7, which could be modified by the addition of alkaline substances. Furthermore, as the nanoparticle concentration increased, the fluid's filtration rate progressively decreased. Therefore, this nano-CaCO₃-based drilling fluid system demonstrates excellent reservoir protection properties and is well-suited for drilling in marine hydrate-bearing sediments.

钻井作业对天然气水合物的勘探和开发至关重要。然而，在特定条件下，钻井液会侵入储层，导致井眼不稳定和测井数据失真。事实证明，纳米颗粒的掺入是一种有效的方法，可以增强钻井液的抗滤和孔隙或裂缝堵塞能力，从而提高井筒稳定性。此外，研究表明，目标浓度的亲水纳米颗粒可以抑制水合物的形成。本研究将亲水纳米caco3颗粒作为钻井液的专用添加剂，提出了一种纳米基水合物钻井液体系。对该改性钻井液的性能和水合物抑制性能进行了综合评价。模拟钻井液的设计配方为：1.0% CMC + 0.1% PAM + 0.1% XC + 5.0% NaCl + 5.0% KCl + 1.0% PVCap + 1.0% ~ 6.0%纳米caco3。设计的钻井液体系胶体稳定性超过97%，密度范围为1.08-1.10 g/cm3。表观粘度为36 ~ 79.5 mPa·s，塑性粘度为27 ~ 42 mPa·s，动剪切力为8.176 ~ 38.325 Pa。纳米颗粒的流变效应与浓度有关，在1-4 wt%时变化最小，在5-6 wt%时显著增加，从而可以根据钻井需求进行性能调整。该流体的pH值约为7，可通过添加碱性物质进行改性。此外，随着纳米颗粒浓度的增加，流体的过滤速率逐渐降低。因此，这种纳米caco3基钻井液体系具有出色的储层保护性能，非常适合于海洋含水合物沉积物的钻井。

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引用次数: 0

A novel approach to modeling breakdown pressure dynamics using machine learning 使用机器学习建模击穿压力动力学的新方法

IF 3.5 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2025.07.008

Subhan Aliyev, Talal Al Shafloot, Murtada Saleh Aljawad, Abdulazeez Abdulraheem, Salaheldin Elkatatny

This study presents a novel machine learning (ML)-based approach for predicting breakdown pressure (BP) in hydraulic fracturing using experimental data. Unlike traditional analytical models that rely on simplified assumptions, ML models can capture complex nonlinear relationships between BP and its influencing factors. However, a key limitation in BP prediction stems from dataset constraints, particularly the scale differences between experimental setups and real-world formations. To mitigate these limitations, this research utilizes a unique dataset of 144 BP data points, incorporating various rock mechanical properties, injection parameters, and fluid properties. Additionally, a separate analysis of pressurization rate, based on 32 additional experimental data points, was conducted to better understand its effect on fracture initiation—an aspect often overlooked in ML-based studies. The dataset includes critical parameters such as injection rate, confining pressure, tensile strength, Young's modulus, permeability, unconfined compressive strength, Poisson's ratio, porosity, wellbore radius, and fracture geometry ratio. Five ML models—LightGBM, CatBoost, XGBoost, Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN), and TabNet—were trained and evaluated. TabNet achieved the highest predictive performance (R² = 0.94) due to its attention-based feature selection and deep-learning-based representation learning. Model performance was assessed using mean absolute error (MAE) and mean squared error (MSE) to ensure robustness. To further enhance model interpretability, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and TabNet's attention mechanism were used to explicitly assess feature importance, providing insights into the relative influence of different parameters on BP predictions. Additionally, advanced feature-handling techniques were employed to address categorical variables automatically, ensuring minimal preprocessing bias. The findings demonstrate the scalability of ML models for BP prediction using experimental data, reducing reliance on costly and time-consuming laboratory testing. By incorporating advanced interpretability techniques, systematic pressurization rate analysis, and robust ML architectures, this research provides a more accurate, data-driven approach for optimizing hydraulic fracturing designs.

该研究提出了一种基于机器学习（ML）的新方法，利用实验数据预测水力压裂破裂压力（BP）。与传统的依赖于简化假设的分析模型不同，ML模型可以捕捉BP与其影响因素之间复杂的非线性关系。然而，BP预测的一个关键限制来自数据集的限制，特别是实验设置与实际地层之间的规模差异。为了克服这些限制，该研究利用了144 BP数据点的独特数据集，结合了各种岩石力学特性、注入参数和流体特性。此外，基于32个额外的实验数据点，对加压速率进行了单独的分析，以更好地了解其对裂缝起裂的影响，这是基于ml的研究中经常忽略的一个方面。该数据集包括注入速率、围压、抗拉强度、杨氏模量、渗透率、无侧限抗压强度、泊松比、孔隙度、井筒半径和裂缝几何比等关键参数。对lightgbm、CatBoost、XGBoost、Kolmogorov-Arnold Network （KAN）和tabnet这5个ML模型进行了训练和评估。TabNet由于其基于注意力的特征选择和基于深度学习的表征学习，获得了最高的预测性能（R2 = 0.94）。使用平均绝对误差（MAE）和均方误差（MSE）评估模型性能以确保稳健性。为了进一步提高模型的可解释性，我们使用SHapley加性解释（SHAP）和TabNet的注意机制来明确评估特征的重要性，从而深入了解不同参数对BP预测的相对影响。此外，采用先进的特征处理技术来自动处理分类变量，确保最小的预处理偏差。研究结果表明，使用实验数据进行BP预测的ML模型具有可扩展性，减少了对昂贵且耗时的实验室测试的依赖。通过结合先进的可解释性技术、系统的加压速率分析和强大的机器学习架构，该研究为优化水力压裂设计提供了更准确、数据驱动的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical simulation of seismicity potential resulting from the injection of CO2 into depleted reservoir in Wilbarger County field, Texas 德克萨斯州Wilbarger县油田枯竭油藏注入二氧化碳引起的地震活动性潜力的数值模拟

IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2025.04.002

Dorcas S. Eyinla, Hossein Emadi, Steven K. Henderson, Humza Bin Navaid, Abir Kebir, Aman Arora

Fluid injection in fractured rocks presents significant challenges requiring the integration of various elements to account for reservoir property heterogeneities. To understand magnitude of potential seismic risks resulting from CO₂ injection in naturally fractured sand reservoirs in the study location, we devised a simulation model which utilizes a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) approach, encompassing different injection scenarios and reservoir injection systems. The model effectively captures the complex interplay between geological features and fault failure processes. Furthermore, we examined the mechanical response of the caprock under constant injection rates by analyzing the evolution of shear stress and its impact on permeability enhancement. Our findings reveal that the pressurization effect of fluid and stress alterations trigger significant fault rupture, leading to seismic events of varying magnitudes. The extent of seismic activity hinges on the reservoir's initial state, the properties of the overlying caprock, and the injected volume. Moreover, we discovered that deformations within the caprock layer are most pronounced near fault zones, gradually diminishing with distance from these zones. Notably, the degree of permeability modification in the caprock is linked to the magnitude of shear stress. Additionally, our research corroborated that higher injection rates markedly accelerate fault slip, albeit with minimal impact on the extent of permeability enhancement. However, we noted a non-linear relationship between seismic activity and fluid injection rates, suggesting that the magnitude of seismic consequences is contingent upon the temporal analysis of various parameters. These significant findings offer valuable insights into understanding the intricate processes associated with subsurface injection, which often manifest in phenomena such as fault ruptures and induced seismicity.

裂缝性岩石的流体注入带来了巨大的挑战，需要综合各种因素来解释储层物性的非均质性。为了了解研究区域天然裂缝性砂岩储层中二氧化碳注入所带来的潜在地震风险程度，我们设计了一个模拟模型，该模型采用了热-水-机械（THM）耦合方法，涵盖了不同的注入场景和油藏注入系统。该模型有效地捕捉了地质特征与断层破坏过程之间复杂的相互作用。此外，通过分析剪切应力的演化及其对渗透率提高的影响，研究了恒定注入速率下盖层的力学响应。我们的研究结果表明，流体和应力变化的加压效应触发了显著的断层破裂，导致不同震级的地震事件。地震活动的程度取决于储层的初始状态、上覆盖层的性质和注入量。此外，我们发现盖层内部的变形在断裂带附近最为明显，随着距离断裂带的距离逐渐减小。值得注意的是，盖层渗透率的改变程度与剪切应力的大小有关。此外，我们的研究证实，较高的注入速率显著加速了断层滑动，尽管对渗透率提高的程度影响很小。然而，我们注意到地震活动与流体注入速率之间存在非线性关系，这表明地震后果的大小取决于各种参数的时间分析。这些重要的发现为理解与地下注入相关的复杂过程提供了有价值的见解，这些过程通常表现在断层破裂和诱发地震活动等现象中。

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引用次数: 0

Advancements in green materials for chemical enhanced oil recovery: A review 化学提高采收率绿色材料研究进展

IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2025.03.007

Jamil F. El-Masry , Elsa Maalouf , Azza H. Abbas , Kamel F. Bou-Hamdan

Chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) is well known for its success in recovering the trapped oil in reservoirs after waterflooding operations. In CEOR, synthetic chemicals are utilized to increase the capillary number or modify the mobility ratio of reservoirs; however, they are expensive and are associated with environmental concerns. Hence, the rise in environmental awareness paved the way for environmentally friendly and cheaper alternatives, such as green products, to replace synthetic chemicals. This paper comprehensively reviews recent studies on applying green products in CEOR. It also includes comparisons between the performance of several green products and their synthetic counterparts in CEOR. Moreover, limitations, cost, and environmental footprints are analyzed. Finally, the displacement efficiency of green chemicals and pertinent challenges in the field are highlighted. While the utilization of some natural materials in EOR still has an environmental impact, they constitute a safer option than synthetic chemicals. Furthermore, green materials are more affordable than synthetic chemicals that are commonly utilized, making them a financially viable option for EOR. An up-to-date overview is urgently needed due to the growth of natural chemical utilization in oil and gas applications. Promoting sustainable alternatives is essential to addressing the rise in global environmental concerns.

化学提高采收率（CEOR）以其在水驱后成功地回收储层中的困油而闻名。在CEOR中，使用合成化学品来增加毛管数量或改变储层的流动比；然而，它们是昂贵的，并且与环境问题有关。因此，环境意识的提高为环境友好和更便宜的替代品铺平了道路，例如绿色产品，以取代合成化学品。本文对近年来绿色产品在CEOR中的应用研究进行了综述。它还包括几个绿色产品的性能和他们的合成对手在CEOR的比较。此外，还分析了限制、成本和环境足迹。最后，重点介绍了绿色化学品的驱替效率及其面临的挑战。虽然在提高采收率中使用一些天然材料仍然会对环境产生影响，但它们是比合成化学品更安全的选择。此外，绿色材料比通常使用的合成化学品更便宜，使其成为提高采收率的经济可行选择。由于石油和天然气应用中天然化学利用的增长，迫切需要最新的概述。促进可持续替代品对于解决日益严重的全球环境问题至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental evaluation method of density suitability between bridging lost circulation materials and drilling fluid 桥接堵漏材料与钻井液密度适宜性的实验评价方法

IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2025.04.001

Yili Kang, Ketao Hao, Chengyuan Xu, Kun Guo, Jie Zhou, Ruiheng Wang, Yao Xiao, Yunsong Xie

Ultra-deep geological conditions are complex, often leading to leakage issues. As the depth increases during ultra-deep bridging lost-circulation operations, the varying settling velocities of different types of lost circulation materials (LCMs) lead to gravitational differentiation. This causes stratification of the LCMs, forming an unevenly dispersed system and reduced plugging efficacy. An experimental methodology is described for assessing the density suitability between LCMs and drilling fluids, which calculates the density suitability factor (DSF) by measuring the density of the plugging slurry at various locations after a designated resting period, ultimately evaluating its density suitability based on the DSF. Experimental results indicate that LCMs with lower densities demonstrate superior density suitability compared to those with higher densities. Smaller particle sizes (10–40 mesh) show better density suitability than larger ones (2–6 mesh). Fracture-plugging experiments validated this method, the plugging slurry composed of a good density suitability material, such as walnut shells, exhibited no notable gravitational differentiation after 2 h, achieving a maximum plugging pressure of 16.4 MPa with 88 mL of total volume loss. In contrast, the slurry formed with poorly density suitability materials, such as calcite, showed significant gravitational differentiation after 2 h, achieving only 9.6 MPa in maximum plugging pressure and a total volume loss of 96 mL. These findings highlight that LCMs with superior density suitability enhance plugging efficiency, highlighting the critical role of density suitability testing and the optimization of plugging formulations to improve the success of plugging operations.

超深层地质条件复杂，经常导致泄漏问题。在超深桥接堵漏作业中，随着井深的增加，不同类型堵漏材料（lcm）沉降速度的变化会导致重力分化。这会导致lcm分层，形成不均匀的分散体系，降低堵漏效果。本文介绍了一种用于评估lcm与钻井液之间密度适宜性的实验方法，该方法通过在指定的静息期后测量不同位置堵漏浆的密度来计算密度适宜系数（DSF），最终根据DSF评估其密度适宜性。实验结果表明，低密度lcm比高密度lcm具有更好的密度适宜性。较小的粒径（10-40目）比较大的粒径（2-6目）具有更好的密度适宜性。堵漏实验验证了该方法的有效性，由核桃壳等密度适宜的材料组成的堵漏浆在2 h后没有出现明显的重力分化，最大堵漏压力为16.4 MPa，总体积损失为88 mL。相反，方解石等密度适宜性较差的材料形成的泥浆在2 h后出现了明显的重力分化，最大封堵压力仅为9.6 MPa，总体积损失为96 mL。这些研究结果表明，密度适宜性较好的lcm可以提高封堵效率，强调了密度适宜性测试和优化封堵配方对提高封堵作业成功率的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of hydroxypropyl guar polymer on rheology and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluids 羟丙基瓜尔胶聚合物对水基钻井液流变性和过滤性能的影响

IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2025.03.006

Husam Al-Ziyadi , Narendra Kumar , Amit Verma

Water-based drilling muds (WBM) are a very crucial component of the oil and gas industry; however, they often face challenges with inadequate rheological performance and excessive fluid loss. This paper introduces hydroxypropyl guar polymer (HPG) and fly ash (FA) as new additives to regulate the rheological properties and filtration loss of WBM. The primary objectives of this study are to reduce filtration loss, enhance rheological characteristics, reduce clay swelling, improve cutting dispersion, and control barite sag. The experimental procedure involves formulating optimized mud samples by incorporating HPG and FA up to 120 °C. The synergistic effect of HPG and FA enhances rheological properties and achieves a 56.52% reduction in filtration loss compared to WBM without additives. Additionally, HPG/FA incorporation resulted in controlling the clay swelling. The swelling dropped from 91.5% to 36.7% compared to the base mud. Shale cuttings recovery in the base fluid was 52.4% after hot rolling at 90 °C, 60 °C, and 40 °C for 16 h and treatment with 0.18% HPG inhibitors improved recovery to 82.1%, 54.1%, and 57.2%, respectively. The sag factor remained controlled compared to the base mud, staying within the acceptable range of 0.503–0.521 at both vertical and 45° inclined angles. The WBM with the addition of HPG and FA is more efficient and has enhanced the well integrity and reduced operational costs in the oil and gas industry.

水基钻井泥浆（WBM）是油气行业非常重要的组成部分；然而，它们经常面临流变性能不足和失水过大的挑战。介绍了羟丙基瓜尔胶聚合物（HPG）和粉煤灰（FA）作为调节水基浆流变性能和滤失的新添加剂。本研究的主要目的是减少滤失，增强流变特性，减少粘土膨胀，改善切割分散，控制重晶石凹陷。实验过程包括通过将HPG和FA掺入到120°C来配制优化的泥浆样品。HPG和FA的协同作用增强了流变性能，与不添加添加剂的WBM相比，过滤损失降低了56.52%。此外，HPG/FA的掺入控制了粘土的膨胀。与基础泥浆相比，膨胀率从91.5%降至36.7%。在90°C、60°C和40°C条件下热轧16 h后，页岩岩屑在基液中的采收率为52.4%，添加0.18% HPG抑制剂后，采收率分别达到82.1%、54.1%和57.2%。与基础泥浆相比，垂陷系数得到了控制，在垂直和45°斜角下均保持在0.503-0.521的可接受范围内。在油气行业中，添加了HPG和FA的WBM效率更高，提高了井的完整性，降低了运营成本。

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引用次数: 0

Criterion to foresee the affinity of various coatings/substrates to asphaltene deposition in oil wells 预测油井中各种涂层/基质对沥青质沉积的亲和力的标准

IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2025.03.005

Sakineh Hadizadeh , M. Reza Malayeri

Asphaltene deposition in oil wells has long been considered a severe problem. It can be treated using various chemical, mechanical, and thermal methods. However, these methods are often associated with significant hazards, operational limitations, and costs. In light of these challenges, recent research has shifted towards preventive measures, particularly using surface coatings/substrates to inhibit asphaltene deposition. The present study introduces a novel criterion based on surface energy for assessing the effectiveness of such coatings/substrates. The criterion is derived using the XDLVO theory, which considers the adhesive interaction energy in an asphaltene/crude oil/surface system and its relation to the spreading coefficient. The approach provides a theoretical framework for understanding the interactions between asphaltenes, crude oil, surface coatings/substrates, and how these interactions influence asphaltene deposition. Subsequently, utilizing characterization data from ten surface coating/substrate samples, and corresponding crude oil and asphaltene samples from Z, K, and R fields, the accuracy of this criterion is evaluated. The results showed that, based on the proposed new criterion, among the selected coatings, L-80 and N-80 were asphaltene-repellent for oil Z-55 while SS316 and SS304 were repellent for oil K-42. For oil R-95, only the L-80 substrate exhibited affinity to asphaltene deposition, whereas other coatings were repellent. These results align well with field data, where 16% of wells in field Z, 43% in field R, and 100% in field K face asphaltene deposition.

沥青质在油井中的沉积一直被认为是一个严重的问题。它可以用各种化学、机械和热方法处理。然而，这些方法往往伴随着重大的危险、操作限制和成本。鉴于这些挑战，最近的研究转向了预防措施，特别是使用表面涂层/基材来抑制沥青质沉积。本研究介绍了一种基于表面能的新标准来评估这类涂层/基材的有效性。该判据采用XDLVO理论推导，考虑了沥青质/原油/表面体系的粘接相互作用能及其与扩散系数的关系。该方法为理解沥青质、原油、表面涂层/基质之间的相互作用以及这些相互作用如何影响沥青质沉积提供了理论框架。随后，利用来自10个表面涂层/基底样品的表征数据，以及来自Z、K和R油田的相应原油和沥青质样品，对该标准的准确性进行了评估。结果表明，在所选涂料中，L-80和N-80对Z-55油具有防沥青性，SS316和SS304对K-42油具有防沥青性。对于R-95油，只有L-80基材对沥青质的沉积有亲和力，而其他涂层对沥青质的沉积有排斥作用。这些结果与现场数据吻合良好，其中Z油田16%的井、R油田43%的井和K油田100%的井面临沥青质沉积。

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引用次数: 0

A systematic investigation of drilling fluid bulk relaxation impact on NMR interpretation for formation evaluation 钻井液体积松弛对地层评价核磁共振解释影响的系统研究

IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2025.05.001

Fauzan Akomolafe, Ammar El-Husseiny, Abdulrauf Adebayo, Mohamed Mahmoud, Badr Bageri

During drilling, mud filtrate invasion alters near-wellbore properties which possibly impacts well logging measurements causing inaccuracies in formation evaluation. Given the shallow detection depth of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging, the transverse relaxation time (

T_{2}

) spectrum is highly susceptible to invasion effects. However, the impact of drilling fluid bulk relaxation on NMR

T_{2}

and formation damage remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate how drilling fluid bulk relaxation influences NMR

T_{2}

relaxometry responses in the near-wellbore region. Two factors controlling the drilling fluid bulk relaxation were considered and systematically varied: (1) XC polymer concentrations and (2) perlite concentrations in the drilling fluid. We conducted NMR measurements before and after filtration experiments on both permeable and tight limestone samples to assess the influence of host rock properties on the results. The study shows that drilling fluid bulk relaxation significantly impacts

T_{2}

values. Additives like XC polymer or barite lower

T_{2}

bulk values, reducing the

T_{2}

logarithmic mean by up to 90% especially in invaded macropores. The more notable impact in macropores is because they are more influenced by bulk relaxation mechanism compared to micropores. Rocks with larger pores experience greater reduction in

T_{2}

, while tight rocks, dominated by surface relaxation, show mineral changes. The findings underscore the importance of accounting for drilling fluid bulk relaxation in NMR interpretation to avoid overestimating formation damage and permeability reduction.

在钻井过程中，泥浆滤液侵入会改变近井性质，这可能会影响测井测量，导致地层评价不准确。由于核磁共振测井探测深度较浅，横向弛豫时间（T2）谱极易受到侵入效应的影响。然而，钻井液体积松弛对核磁共振T2和地层损害的影响仍未得到充分研究。本研究旨在研究钻井液体积弛豫如何影响近井区核磁共振T2弛豫响应。控制钻井液体积松弛的两个因素是：(1)XC聚合物浓度和(2)钻井液中珍珠岩浓度。我们对渗透性和致密性石灰石样品在过滤实验前后进行了核磁共振测量，以评估寄主岩石性质对结果的影响。研究表明，钻井液体积松弛对T2值有显著影响。XC聚合物或重晶石等添加剂可降低T2体积值，特别是在侵入大孔隙中，T2对数平均值可降低90%。与微孔相比，大孔受体积松弛机制的影响更明显。孔隙较大的岩石T2的减少幅度较大，而致密岩石以表面松弛为主，表现出矿物变化。研究结果强调了在核磁共振解释中考虑钻井液体积松弛的重要性，以避免高估地层损害和渗透率降低。

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引用次数: 0

Architecture and differential hydrocarbon enrichment of basins under joint constraints of basement nature and regional stresses: A case study of the passive continental margin basins along the East Coast of Canada 基底性质和区域应力共同约束下盆地构型与差异油气富集——以加拿大东海岸被动大陆边缘盆地为例

IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2025.04.003

Zhenrui Bai, Naxin Tian, Gaokui Wu, Yanyang Wang, Kun Tian

The East Coast of Canada presents multiple passive continental margin basins (PCMBs) characterized by significant architectural differences and limited oil and gas discoveries, establishing these basins as the global frontier for hydrocarbon exploration. Limited understanding of the characteristics of basin architectures and their control of hydrocarbon accumulation hinders exploration breakthroughs in these basins. Using magnetic anomaly, seismic, and drilling data, this study conducts integrated geological and geophysical interpretations of the PCMBs. Accordingly, this study reveals that the PCMBs have undergone three evolutionary stages, namely rifting (comprising three episodes), depression, and continental margin, with the synthem of each stage being referred to as rift layer, depression layer, and continental margin layer, respectively. Under the control of transform faults and basement nature, four distinct types of PCMBs have formed: transtensional, transform, gentle-rampy, and volcanic rifted types from south to north. The basins with varying architectures govern the sedimentary filling, the combination of petroleum system elements, and differential hydrocarbon accumulation across three major types of synthems. Furthermore, this study highlights substantial hydrocarbon exploration potentials in the turbidite sandstones within the slope and basin-floor areas of the transtensional and transform types of PCMBs, as well as in the deltaic sandstones within the rift and depression layers of the gentle-rampy type of PCMBs.

加拿大东海岸呈现出多个被动大陆边缘盆地（pcmb），这些盆地具有明显的构造差异和有限的油气发现，使这些盆地成为全球油气勘探的前沿。对盆地构造特征及其对油气成藏的控制认识有限，阻碍了这些盆地的勘探突破。利用磁异常、地震和钻井数据，本研究对pcmb进行了综合地质和地球物理解释。据此，本研究认为，裂谷、坳陷和大陆边缘演化经历了3个阶段，每个阶段的合成物分别称为裂谷层、坳陷层和大陆边缘层。在转换断裂和基底性质的控制下，从南向北形成了张拉型、转换型、缓斜型和火山裂陷型4种不同类型的断层带。不同构型的盆地控制着三种主要合成类型的沉积充填、含油气系统要素组合和差异成藏。此外，本研究还强调了在张拉型和转换型断层带斜坡区和盆地底区内的浊积砂岩，以及缓斜坡型断层带裂谷和坳陷层内的三角洲砂岩具有巨大的油气勘探潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Design and analysis of low-density, high-pressure-resistant epoxy resins for advanced leakage control: Insights from experiments and simulations 设计和分析用于先进泄漏控制的低密度，耐高压环氧树脂：来自实验和模拟的见解

IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2025.05.004

Gang Xie , Keming Fu , Yujuan Jing , Bo Peng , Yujie Luo , Li Fu , Lan Ma , Danchao Huang , Jinjun Huang

Leakage control in deep oil and gas wells is challenging, often leading to increased costs. In this study, a low-density, high-pressure resistant and thermally stable epoxy resin (BEPD) was synthesized by ring opening of 2,2-bis(4-epoxypropoxyphenyl) propane cured with 1,8-diaminonaphthalene. The material was thoroughly characterized using fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, a universal testing machine, thermogravimetric analysis, and density testing. Comprehensive experimental and simulation analyses were conducted to evaluate BEPD's dispersion stability, its impact on the rheological properties of drilling fluid, and its effectiveness as a leakage control agent. It exhibits a high compressive strength (250.12 MPa) and a thermal decomposition temperature of 337.75 °C, making it suitable for high-temperature environments. Its irregular particle shape ensures a strong bond with surrounding strata, forming a stable plugging layer. With a density of 1.09 g/cm³, BEPD disperses well in plugging slurry, reducing sedimentation. At dosages between 1% and 4%, it doesn't significantly affect the rheology of the slurry and effectively prevents sedimentation. BEPD particles effectively plugged fractures ranging from 1 to 4 mm, withstanding pressures up to 11.5 MPa. This performance is due to its unique particle size distribution, where larger particles act as bridges and smaller particles fill gaps, forming a dense plugging layer. BEPD shows potential as a highly effective material for improving leakage control in deep well applications.

深层油气井的泄漏控制具有挑战性，通常会导致成本增加。本研究以2,2-二（4-环氧丙氧基）丙烷为基材，经1,8-二氨基萘固化，制备了一种低密度、耐高压、热稳定的环氧树脂（BEPD）。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、通用试验机、热重分析和密度测试对材料进行了全面表征。通过综合实验和模拟分析，评价了BEPD的分散稳定性、对钻井液流变性能的影响以及作为防漏剂的有效性。具有较高的抗压强度（250.12 MPa），热分解温度为337.75℃，适用于高温环境。其不规则的颗粒形状确保了与周围地层的牢固结合，形成稳定的堵漏层。BEPD的密度为1.09 g/cm3，能很好地分散在堵漏浆中，减少沉淀。在1% ~ 4%的用量范围内，对料浆的流变性无明显影响，并能有效防止沉淀。BEPD颗粒可以有效封堵1 ~ 4mm的裂缝，承受高达11.5 MPa的压力。这种性能是由于其独特的粒径分布，其中较大的颗粒充当桥梁，较小的颗粒填充空隙，形成致密的堵塞层。BEPD作为一种高效的材料，在深井应用中具有改善泄漏控制的潜力。

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引用次数: 0