Petroleum最新文献_第9页

Using ultrasonic and microwave to prevent and reduce wax deposition in oil production 利用超声波和微波防止和减少石油生产中的蜡沉积

IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2024.09.002

Ali Akbari , Yousef Kazemzadeh , Dmitriy A. Martyushev , Farid Cortes

Wax deposition in oil and gas pipelines and equipment is a fundamental challenge that can lead to a decrease in the performance and useful life of these systems. To address this issue, various methods have been developed to reduce wax deposition. This article investigates two novel methods, namely microwave and ultrasonic, for wax deposition mitigation. The microwave method utilizes high-frequency electromagnetic waves and short wavelengths to transfer heat to the wax and separate it from the internal surface of the pipelines. In this method, microwave waves provide energy to the wax, increasing its temperature and causing it to melt and move. Due to its speed, efficiency, and applicability in industrial environments, the microwave method has been recognized as a leading approach in wax deposition reduction, requiring minimal modifications to the pipeline structure. The ultrasonic method employs high-frequency sound waves to disrupt and prevent wax deposition. Ultrasonic waves generate alternating pressure waves at the site of wax accumulation, breaking down the wax structure. This non-destructive and reliable method is capable of reducing wax deposition in hard-to-reach areas. Both microwave and ultrasonic methods have gained attention as innovative approaches for wax deposition reduction. However, further research is needed to optimize and enhance these methods, aiming to improve their implementation capabilities, increase efficiency, and reduce costs. The study also addressed conventional and common methods, such as insulators heat-proofing materials, heating techniques to prevent wax deposition, cold flow, wax inhibiting tools, wax removal techniques, chemicals, and bacterial treatment.

石油和天然气管道和设备中的蜡沉积是一个根本性的挑战，可能导致这些系统的性能和使用寿命下降。为了解决这个问题，已经开发了各种方法来减少蜡沉积。本文研究了微波和超声波两种新型的蜡沉积减缓方法。微波法利用高频电磁波和短波将热量传递给蜡，并将其与管道内表面分离。在这种方法中，微波为蜡提供能量，提高其温度，使其融化和移动。由于其速度、效率和在工业环境中的适用性，微波方法已被认为是减少蜡沉积的主要方法，需要对管道结构进行最小的修改。超声波法利用高频声波来破坏和防止蜡沉积。超声波在蜡堆积的部位产生交替的压力波，破坏蜡的结构。这种非破坏性和可靠的方法能够减少蜡沉积在难以到达的区域。微波法和超声波法作为减少蜡沉积的创新方法受到了人们的关注。然而，这些方法需要进一步的研究来优化和增强，以提高其实施能力，提高效率，降低成本。该研究还讨论了常规和常见的方法，如绝缘体隔热材料、防止蜡沉积的加热技术、冷流、蜡抑制工具、蜡去除技术、化学品和细菌处理。

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引用次数: 0

Research on corrosion defect identification and risk assessment of well control equipment based on a machine learning algorithm 基于机器学习算法的井控设备腐蚀缺陷识别与风险评估研究

IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2022.07.003

He Zhang, Jiangna Cao, Haibo Liang, Gang Cheng

In recent years, the risk assessment of well control equipment has faced some problems, such as shallow defect detection depth, large identification error of corrosion defect type, inaccurate equipment corrosion assessment, and so on. To solve the above problems, a corrosion defect classification and identification model based on an improved K nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN) is established for the well control pipeline in well control equipment. Firstly, the pulsed magnetic flux leakage (PMFL) sensor is used to detect the pipeline defects, and then the collected data are denoised. Then, the corrosion type identification model of well control pipeline based on K-means++ and KNN is established. Finally, the corrosion risk of well control pipeline is evaluated according to the type of corrosion output from the identification model. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm has high accuracy in identifying the corrosion type of well control pipeline, and the calculation speed is better than other algorithms described in this paper.

近年来，井控设备风险评估面临缺陷检测深度浅、腐蚀缺陷类型识别误差大、设备腐蚀评估不准确等问题。针对上述问题，针对井控设备中的井控管道，建立了基于改进K最近邻算法（KNN）的腐蚀缺陷分类识别模型。首先利用脉冲漏磁传感器对管道缺陷进行检测，然后对采集到的数据进行去噪处理。然后，建立了基于k - meme++和KNN的井控管道腐蚀类型识别模型。最后，根据识别模型的腐蚀输出类型，对井控管道的腐蚀风险进行评估。实验结果表明，改进算法在识别井控管道腐蚀类型方面具有较高的准确性，且计算速度优于本文描述的其他算法。

引用次数: 0

Effect of monovalent/divalent ions and SiO2-based nanocomposite dosage on thermochemical stability of HPAM polymeric solutions 单价/二价离子和基于二氧化硅的纳米复合材料用量对 HPAM 聚合物溶液热化学稳定性的影响

IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2024.07.001

Jhon F. Gallego , Lady J. Giraldo , Henderson I. Quintero , Hugo A. García , Karol Zapata , Samira Heidari , Masoud Riazi , Camilo A. Franco , Farid B. Cortés

This study evaluated the effect of monovalent and divalent ions and the dosage of a SiO₂-based nanocomposite on the thermochemical stability of HPAM polymeric solution. Chelating amine–functionalized NPs (AFNPs) were used to enhance the thermochemical stability of HPAM based on capturing monovalent/divalent ions after seven days at 70°C. Different polymer solutions prepared with calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl₂·2H₂O) at 2000 mg/L and sodium chloride (NaCl) at 10000 mg/L, and two different dosages of HPAM (1000 and 2000 mg/L) were assessed in the presence and absence of AFNPs at dosages of 200, 500 and 1000 mg/L. The nanocomposite was characterized by N₂ adsorption, Fourier-transformed infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Zeta potential (ZP). Stability tests over time confirmed the positive effect of nanocomposite on increasing the thermochemical stability of polymer solutions. Results revealed that adding 0, 200, and 500 mg/L of nanocomposite to the polymeric solution at 1000 mg/L of HPAM, 10000 mg/L of NaCl, and 2000 mg/L of CaCl₂·2H₂O led to the viscosity reductions of 73.5%, 18%, and less than 1% after 7 days (70°C), respectively. Nanocomposite at 200 mg/L reduces the polymer degradation in the presence of the two salts evaluated separately, i.e., 20% for 10000 mg/L of NaCl and 15% for 2000 mg/L of CaCl₂·2H₂O. The adsorption tests on AFNPs and SiO₂ NPs concluded that AFNPs had higher adsorption of cations in comparison to SiO₂ NPs and that greater adsorption of cations is related to a reduction in polymer degradation.

本研究考察了一价离子和二价离子以及sio2基纳米复合材料的用量对HPAM聚合物溶液热化学稳定性的影响。螯合胺功能化NPs （AFNPs）用于在70℃下捕获7天后的单价/二价离子，以增强HPAM的热化学稳定性。以二水氯化钙（CaCl2·2H2O）浓度为2000 mg/L、氯化钠（NaCl）浓度为10000 mg/L、HPAM浓度为1000和2000 mg/L制备不同聚合物溶液，在AFNPs浓度为200mg /L、500mg /L和1000mg /L存在和不存在的情况下进行了研究。采用N2吸附、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、热重分析（TGA）、动态光散射（DLS）和Zeta电位（ZP）对纳米复合材料进行了表征。随着时间的推移，稳定性测试证实了纳米复合材料对提高聚合物溶液的热化学稳定性的积极作用。结果表明，在HPAM浓度为1000 mg/L、NaCl浓度为10000 mg/L、CaCl2·2H2O浓度为2000 mg/L的条件下，加入0、200和500 mg/L的纳米复合材料，7天后（70°C）粘度分别降低73.5%、18%和小于1%。在200 mg/L NaCl和2000 mg/L CaCl2·2H2O两种盐分别存在时，纳米复合材料降低了聚合物的降解率，即10000 mg/L NaCl和2000 mg/L CaCl2·2H2O分别为20%和15%。对AFNPs和SiO2 NPs的吸附试验表明，与SiO2 NPs相比，AFNPs对阳离子的吸附量更高，并且阳离子吸附量的增加与聚合物降解的减少有关。

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引用次数: 0

Multiphase flow challenges in drilling, completions, and injection: Part 1 钻井、完井和注浆过程中的多相流挑战：第一部分

IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2024.05.001

C.E. Obi , A.R. Hasan , M.A. Rahman , D. Banerjee

This review addresses the diverse applications of multiphase flows, focusing on drilling, completions, and injection activities in the oil and gas industry. Identifying contemporary challenges and suggesting future research directions, it comprehensively reviews evolving applications in these multidisciplinary topics. In drilling, challenges such as gas kicks, cutting transport, and hole cleaning are explored. The application of immersion cooling technology in surface facilities for gas fields utilized in integrated bitcoin mining is also discussed. Nanotechnology, particularly the use of nanoparticles and nanofluids, shows promise in mitigating particulate flow issues and controlling macroscopic fluid behavior. Nanofluids find applications in drilling for formation strengthening and mitigating formation damage in completions as highlighted in this work, as well as in subsurface injection for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), waterflooding, reservoir mapping, and sequestration tracking. The review emphasizes the need for techno-economic analyses using multiphase flow models, particularly in scenarios involving fluid injection for energy storage. Addressing these multiphase flow challenges is crucial for the future of energy diversity and transition initiatives, offering benefits such as financial stability, resilience, sustainability, and reliable supply chains. The first part of this review presents the application of multiphase (typical gas, liquid, solid) flow models and technology for drilling, completion, and injection operations. While the second part reviews the applications of multiphase particulate (nanofluid) flow technology, the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), machine learning (ML), and system modeling for multiphase flow models in drilling, completions, and injection operations.

本文介绍了多相流的各种应用，重点介绍了石油和天然气行业的钻井、完井和注入活动。它确定了当前的挑战和建议未来的研究方向，全面回顾了这些多学科主题的发展应用。在钻井过程中，研究了气涌、岩屑运移和井眼清洗等挑战。讨论了浸没冷却技术在综合比特币开采气田地面设施中的应用。纳米技术，特别是纳米颗粒和纳米流体的应用，在缓解颗粒流动问题和控制宏观流体行为方面显示出了希望。纳米流体在钻井中被应用于地层强化和减轻完井过程中的地层损害，以及用于提高采收率（EOR）的地下注入、水驱、油藏测绘和封存跟踪。该综述强调了使用多相流模型进行技术经济分析的必要性，特别是在涉及流体注入储能的情况下。解决这些多相流挑战对于能源多样性和转型计划的未来至关重要，可以带来金融稳定性、弹性、可持续性和可靠的供应链等好处。本综述的第一部分介绍了多相（典型的气、液、固）流动模型和技术在钻井、完井和注入作业中的应用。第二部分回顾了多相颗粒（纳米流体）流动技术的应用，计算流体动力学（CFD）、机器学习（ML）和多相流模型在钻井、完井和注入作业中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Nanoparticle-stabilized CO2 foam flooding for enhanced heavy oil recovery: A micro-optical analysis 纳米颗粒稳定的二氧化碳泡沫用于重油强化采收：微光学分析

IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2024.06.002

Arifur Rahman , Ezeddin Shirif , Farshid Torabi

Surfactant flooding is a well-known chemical approach for enhancing oil recovery. Surfactant flooding has the disadvantage that it cannot withstand the harsh reservoir conditions. Improvements in oil recovery and release are made possible by the use of nanoparticles and surfactants and CO₂ co-injection because they generate stable foam, reduce the interfacial tension (IFT) between water and oil, cause emulsions to spontaneously form, change the wettability of porous media, and change the characteristics of flow. In the current work, the simultaneous injection of SiO₂, Al₂O₃ nanoparticles, anionic surfactant SDS, and CO₂ in various scenarios were evaluated to determine the microscopic and macroscopic efficacy of heavy oil recovery. IFT (interfacial tension) was reduced by 44% when the nanoparticles and SDS (2000 ppm) were added, compared to a reduction of roughly 57% with SDS only. SDS-stabilized CO₂ foam flooding, however, is unstable due to the adsorption of SDS in the rock surfaces as well as in heavy oil. To assess foam's potential to shift CO₂ from the high permeability zone (the thief zone) into the low permeability zone, directly visualizing micromodel flooding was successfully executed (upswept oil-rich zone). Based on typical reservoir permeability fluctuations, the permeability contrast (defined as the ratio of high permeability to low permeability) for the micromodel flooding was selected. However, the results of the experiment demonstrated that by utilizing SDS and nanoparticles, minimal IFT was reached. The addition of nanoparticles to surfactant solutions, however, greatly boosted oil recovery, according to the findings of flooding studies. The ultimate oil recovery was generally improved more by the anionic surfactant (SDS) solution including nanoparticles than by the anionic surfactant (SDS) alone.

表面活性剂驱油是一种众所周知的提高石油采收率的化学方法。表面活性剂驱的缺点是不能承受恶劣的储层条件。通过使用纳米颗粒、表面活性剂和二氧化碳共注入，可以产生稳定的泡沫，降低水和油之间的界面张力（IFT），使乳液自发形成，改变多孔介质的润湿性，并改变流动特性，从而提高采收率和释放量。本研究通过对不同场景下同时注入SiO2、Al2O3纳米颗粒、阴离子表面活性剂SDS和CO2进行评价，以确定稠油采收率的微观和宏观效果。当加入纳米颗粒和SDS （2000 ppm）时，界面张力降低了44%，而仅添加SDS时，界面张力降低了约57%。然而，由于SDS在岩石表面和稠油中的吸附，SDS稳定的CO2泡沫驱并不稳定。为了评估泡沫将二氧化碳从高渗透层（盗贼层）转移到低渗透层的潜力，成功地直接可视化了微模型驱油（上掠富油层）。基于典型储层渗透率波动，选择微模型驱的渗透率对比（定义为高渗透与低渗透之比）。然而，实验结果表明，使用SDS和纳米颗粒可以达到最小的IFT。然而，根据驱油研究的结果，在表面活性剂溶液中加入纳米颗粒可大大提高采收率。含有纳米颗粒的阴离子表面活性剂（SDS）溶液通常比单独使用阴离子表面活性剂（SDS）更能提高最终采收率。

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引用次数: 0

Novel phase ﬁeld model of hydraulic fracture propagation in poroelastic media and numerical investigation of interaction between hydraulic fracture and natural fracture 孔隙弹性介质中水力裂缝扩展相场模型及水力裂缝与天然裂缝相互作用的数值研究

IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2023.01.003

Sang Yu , Yi Song , Shouyi Wang , Yongjun Xiao , Junjie Hu , Yiting Wang , Liangping Yi , Zhaozhong Yang

A novel numerical model is established to study the hydraulic fracture extend in poroelastic media with natural fractures based on the phase field method. In this new model, the poroelasticity parameter (Biot's coefﬁcient, Biot's modulus, and porosity) of rock is a function of the phase ﬁeld value. Therefore, a new phase field evolution equation is derived. The finite element numerical discretization method and Newton–Raphson (NR) iterative method are adopted to establish the corresponding numerical solution iterative scheme. The stability and correctness of the model were verified by a series of numerical simulation cases. The fluid pressure within the fracture, the fracture length, and the fracture width calculated by the model that regards the poroelasticity parameter as a constant would be larger, longer, and smaller, respectively, compared with those calculated by the model established in this study. The effect of certain formation factors and engineering factors on the intersection behavior between hydraulic fracture and natural fracture is investigated based on the established model.

基于相场法建立了含天然裂缝的孔隙弹性介质中水力裂缝扩展的数值模型。在该模型中，岩石的孔隙弹性参数（比奥系数、比奥模量和孔隙度）是相场值的函数。因此，导出了一个新的相场演化方程。采用有限元数值离散化方法和Newton-Raphson （NR）迭代法建立相应的数值求解迭代格式。通过一系列数值仿真实例验证了模型的稳定性和正确性。以孔隙弹性参数为常数的模型计算的裂缝内流体压力、裂缝长度和裂缝宽度分别比本文建立的模型计算的要大、要长、要小。基于所建立的模型，研究了某些地层因素和工程因素对水力裂缝与天然裂缝相交行为的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Estimation of SARA composition of crudes purely from density and viscosity using machine learning based models 利用基于机器学习的模型纯粹从密度和粘度估算原油的 SARA 成分

IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2024.06.001

Anand D. Kulkarni , Pratiksha D. Khurpade , Somnath Nandi

Accurate characterization of crude oils by determining the composition of saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes (SARA) has always been a challenging task in the petroleum industry. However, conventional experimental methods for determination of SARA composition are labour intensive, time-consuming and expensive. In the present study, artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed to predict the SARA composition from easily measurable parameters like density and viscosity. A dataset of 216 crude oil samples covering wide range of geographical locations was compiled from various literature sources. The ANN models with one hidden layer and six neurons are trained, tested and validated using MATLAB neural network toolbox. Results obtained on analysis revealed reasonably good accuracy of prediction of SARA components except for aromatics. The performance of developed ANN models was compared with various correlations reported in literature and found to be better in terms of mean squared error and coefficient of determination. The developed models hence provide a cost-effective and time-efficient alternative to the conventional SARA characterization techniques.

通过测定饱和烃、芳烃、树脂和沥青质（SARA）的组成来准确表征原油一直是石油工业中的一项具有挑战性的任务。然而，传统的测定SARA成分的实验方法是劳动密集型的，耗时且昂贵。在本研究中，建立了人工神经网络（ANN）模型，从密度和粘度等易于测量的参数来预测SARA的组成。从各种文献资料中编制了216个原油样本的数据集，涵盖了广泛的地理位置。利用MATLAB神经网络工具箱对具有1个隐层和6个神经元的人工神经网络模型进行训练、测试和验证。分析结果表明，除芳烃外，SARA组分的预测精度较好。将开发的人工神经网络模型的性能与文献报道的各种相关性进行比较，发现在均方误差和决定系数方面更好。因此，开发的模型为传统的SARA表征技术提供了一种具有成本效益和时间效率的替代方案。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of supercritical CO2 on the physical property of tight sandstone 超临界二氧化碳对致密砂岩物理性质的影响

IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2022.10.003

In low-pressure gas reservoirs, water-based fracture fluid is difficult to flowback, which is unfavorable for several tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin with low pressure and high permeability geological characteristics. Supercritical CO₂ possesses a number of remarkable physical and chemical features, including a density near to water, a viscosity close to gas, and high diffusion. Supercritical CO₂ fracturing is a new type of non-aqueous fracturing method that is favorable to fracturing flowback in low-pressure tight sandstone and has a wide range of applications. To discuss on whether supercritical CO₂ fracturing with low pressure tight sandstone is feasible. Tight sandstone cores from the Jinqiu gas field in the Sichuan Basin were used to study the influence of supercritical CO₂ on the physical properties of sandstone reservoirs. Supercritical CO₂ was used to interact with tight sandstone samples, and then the changes in porosity, permeability, and rock microstructure of tight sandstone were observed under various time, pressure, and temperature conditions. After the interaction between tight sandstone and supercritical CO₂, new dissolution pores will appear, or the original pores will be increased, and the width of some natural fractures will also be increased, and the porosity will increase by 1.09%–8.85%, and the permeability will increase by 2.34%–21.26%, quantifying the influence of supercritical CO₂ on physical properties of tight sandstone, and further improving the interaction mechanism between supercritical CO₂ and tight sandstone. This study improves in the understanding of the tight sandstone-supercritical CO₂ interaction mechanism, as well as providing an experimental foundation and technological guarantee for field testing and use of supercritical CO₂ in low-pressure tight sandstone gas reservoirs.

在低压气藏中，水基压裂液难以回流，这对四川盆地几个具有低压高渗透地质特征的致密砂岩气藏十分不利。超临界二氧化碳具有许多显著的物理和化学特征，包括密度接近水、粘度接近气、高扩散性等。超临界二氧化碳压裂是一种新型的非水压裂方法，有利于低压致密砂岩的压裂回流，具有广泛的应用前景。探讨超临界二氧化碳压裂低压致密砂岩是否可行。利用四川盆地金秋气田致密砂岩岩心研究超临界二氧化碳对砂岩储层物性的影响。利用超临界二氧化碳与致密砂岩样品相互作用，然后观察致密砂岩在不同时间、压力和温度条件下的孔隙度、渗透率和岩石微观结构的变化。结果表明：致密砂岩与超临界 CO2 作用后，会出现新的溶蚀孔隙或原有孔隙增大，部分天然裂缝宽度增加，孔隙率增加 1.09%-8.85%，渗透率增加 2.34%-21.26%，量化了超临界 CO2 对致密砂岩物理性质的影响，进一步完善了超临界 CO2 与致密砂岩的作用机理。该研究加深了对致密砂岩-超临界 CO2 作用机理的认识，为超临界 CO2 在低压致密砂岩气藏中的现场测试和应用提供了实验基础和技术保障。

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引用次数: 0

A review of torsional vibration mitigation techniques using active control and machine learning strategies 采用主动控制和机器学习策略的扭转振动缓解技术综述

IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2023.09.007

Drilling is one of the most challenging and expensive processes in hydrocarbon extraction and geothermal well development. Dysfunctions faced during drilling can increase the non-productive time (NPT) greatly, resulting in inflating the drilling cost and also pose a safety concern. One of the main problems faced during drilling that limits the life of drilling equipment and tools and decreases the overall productivity of the system is drilling vibrations. These vibrations can be categorized into three modes: axial, lateral, and torsional. Stick-slip vibrations are a type of torsional vibration in which the bottom hole assembly (BHA) periodically stops to rotate followed by a spike in the bottom hole RPM. This paper provides a comprehensive review of techniques used to control and mitigate torsional vibration with an emphasis on stick-slip. A brief introduction to drillstring and friction modeling is presented followed by a concise summary of passive control techniques to control stick-slip. Then the focus is shifted to an up-to-date review of active control and machine learning for stick-slip control and mitigation. The paper ultimately highlights the importance of adapting novel control and mitigation concepts to improve stick slip detection and improve the overall drilling process. A unique solution is insufficient to control a complex process such as drilling, but integration of various techniques has been found promising.

钻井是碳氢化合物开采和地热井开发过程中最具挑战性和最昂贵的工序之一。钻井过程中出现的故障会大大增加非生产时间（NPT），导致钻井成本增加，同时也会带来安全隐患。钻井振动是钻井过程中面临的主要问题之一，它会限制钻井设备和工具的使用寿命，降低系统的整体生产率。这些振动可分为三种模式：轴向、横向和扭转。粘滑振动是扭转振动的一种，在这种振动中，底孔组件（BHA）会周期性地停止旋转，随后底孔转速会急剧上升。本文全面回顾了用于控制和减轻扭转振动的技术，重点介绍了粘滑振动。首先简要介绍钻杆和摩擦建模，然后简要概述控制粘滑的被动控制技术。然后，重点转向对用于控制和缓解粘滑的主动控制和机器学习的最新回顾。论文最终强调了采用新颖的控制和缓解概念来改进粘滑检测并改善整个钻井过程的重要性。独特的解决方案不足以控制像钻孔这样的复杂过程，但将各种技术整合在一起则大有可为。

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引用次数: 0

Approach for C1 to C2 products commencing from carbon dioxide: A brief review 从二氧化碳开始生产 C1 到 C2 产品的方法：简要回顾

IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2023.07.002

The carbon dioxide (CO₂) conversion to useable compounds remains a great contest to scientists, engineers, and environmentalists with regard to the reverse of the oxidative degradation of organics. This conversion is essential for the development of complementary fuels and raw materials for various industries, which in turn will help in avoiding the drastic increase in tropospheric temperature due to greenhouse effect leading to global warming. The solar energy is the earth's essential power source along with the other various forms of energy for example fossil fuels, hydropower, wind, and biomaterials, etc. The final goal is to establish the artificial photosynthesis, which can be replicated thru various chemical reduction techniques of CO₂ by employing appropriate photo-, thermal- and electro-catalysts in order to produce different one carbon atom (C₁) and higher carbon atoms containing products. Besides, the utilization of clean and sustainable CO₂ towards high-value products is of great interest today due to the recognized environmental worries and subsequent lessening of the fossil fuels utilization load to meet the energy demand of mankind. This way, solar energy can directly and/or indirectly be altered and stored in chemical energy form for industrial as well as societal applications. In this article our endeavor is to summarize the advances in CO₂ chemical reduction research area till date especially in free radical-based methods such as electrochemical, photochemical and plasma chemical for the development of carbon species up to two carbon (C₂) atoms containing products perceived in the chemical reduction of CO₂. The author hopes that this piece of work will be helpful to researchers and readers who are focused on the field of CO₂.

如何将二氧化碳（CO2）转化为可利用的化合物，仍然是科学家、工程师和环境学家在有机物氧化降解逆转方面的一项重大挑战。这种转化对于开发补充燃料和各种工业原料至关重要，而这反过来又有助于避免因温室效应导致对流层温度急剧上升，从而导致全球变暖。太阳能与其他各种形式的能源，如化石燃料、水电、风能和生物材料等，都是地球的基本动力源。最终目标是建立人工光合作用，利用适当的光催化剂、热催化剂和电催化剂，通过各种二氧化碳化学还原技术复制人工光合作用，以生产不同的单碳原子（C1）和含更多碳原子的产品。此外，由于人们对环境的担忧以及为满足人类的能源需求而减少化石燃料的使用量，利用清洁和可持续的二氧化碳生产高价值产品已成为当今人们非常关注的问题。这样，太阳能就可以直接和/或间接地改变并以化学能的形式储存起来，用于工业和社会应用。本文旨在总结迄今为止二氧化碳化学还原研究领域的进展，特别是基于自由基的方法，如电化学、光化学和等离子体化学，用于开发二氧化碳化学还原过程中可感知的含两个碳原子（C2）的碳物种。作者希望这篇论文能对关注二氧化碳领域的研究人员和读者有所帮助。

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引用次数: 0