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Cyclophilins and gibberellin-regulated proteins in IgE-mediated allergic diseases IgE介导的过敏性疾病中的亲环素和赤霉素调节蛋白
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-023-00270-9
Ekaterina Potapova,  Hélène Sénéchal PhD,  Enrico Scala,  Paolo Maria Matricardi,  Pascal Poncet PhD

Summary

The prevalence of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic diseases is currently experiencing an epidemic trend characterized by an increase in both the number of affected individuals and the proportion of patients with multiple sensitizations. The majority of these multiple sensitizations are attributed to IgE reactions to genuine allergenic proteins from unrelated species. However, there is a growing trend of patients becoming sensitized to highly cross-reactive molecules, such as profilins, polcalcins, lipocalins, serum albumins, tropomyosins, and non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs). In addition, allergen families that were previously considered of minimal importance are now gaining recognition for their role in the pathogenesis of IgE-mediated allergic diseases. Consequently, these allergen families are increasingly being considered in the diagnostic process. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the biochemical and allergological information about two of these “new” allergen families: cyclophilins (Cyp) and gibberellin-regulated proteins (GRP).

综述免疫球蛋白E(IgE)介导的过敏性疾病的患病率目前正经历一种流行趋势,其特征是受影响的个体数量和多重致敏患者比例都在增加。这些多重致敏大多归因于IgE对来自无关物种的真正致敏蛋白的反应。然而,患者对高度交叉反应分子(如轮廓蛋白、polcalcins、脂质运载蛋白、血清白蛋白、原肌球蛋白和非特异性脂质转移蛋白(nsLTP))越来越敏感。此外,以前被认为最不重要的过敏原家族现在因其在IgE介导的过敏性疾病发病机制中的作用而获得认可。因此,在诊断过程中越来越多地考虑这些过敏原家族。在这篇综述中,我们的目的是提供关于这两个“新”过敏原家族的生化和变态反应学信息的全面总结:亲环蛋白(Cyp)和赤霉素调节蛋白(GRP)。
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引用次数: 0
Urticaria in childhood—what’s new? 儿童荨麻疹有什么新进展?
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-023-00271-8
Ann-Christin E. Brehler, Andrea Bauer, Bettina Wedi

Urticaria can manifest at any age, including infants and young children. Urticaria is one of the most prevalent skin diseases in childhood. As in adults, a distinction is made between acute and chronic urticaria, with chronic urticaria further classified into chronic spontaneous urticaria and inducible urticaria. According to the current German S3 guideline for classification, diagnosis, and treatment of urticaria, existing literature suggests that the prevalence, disease characteristics, causes, and also the response to treatment are very similar in children and adults. The clinical hallmark of urticaria is the subjective sensation of itch. In young children who may have difficulty expressing itching, it is crucial to observe their scratching behavior during clinical examinations. Particularly in children, mastocytosis and autoinflammatory syndromes (cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes [CAPS], especially Muckle–Wells syndrome and childhood Still’s disease) are important differential diagnoses. Autoinflammatory syndromes are characterized by additional symptoms such as fever, bone pain, muscle pain, and joint complaints. Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes usually manifest in infancy, so that these diseases must be considered, especially if cold-associated urticarial skin lesions are present. Appropriate and early treatment can prevent serious sequelae. In maculopapular mastocytosis (urticaria pigmentosa), reddish macules are characteristic for the disease; especially after elicitation of the Darier’s sign, differentiation from urticaria can be difficult, but the macules are permanent. Clinically, wheals and/or angioedema are found similarly to adults, indicating that mast cell-induced angioedema is also associated with childhood urticaria. In the case of exclusive angioedema, hereditary angioedema must also be considered, which usually manifests for the first time during puberty, often linked to hormone preparation usage.

荨麻疹可以出现在任何年龄,包括婴儿和幼儿。荨麻疹是儿童最常见的皮肤病之一。在成人中,区分急性和慢性荨麻疹,慢性荨麻疹进一步分为慢性自发性荨麻疹和诱导性荨麻疹。根据德国现行的S3荨麻疹分类、诊断和治疗指南,现有文献表明,儿童和成人的患病率、疾病特征、病因以及对治疗的反应非常相似。荨麻疹的临床标志是痒的主观感觉。对于可能难以表达瘙痒的幼儿,在临床检查中观察他们的抓挠行为是至关重要的。特别是在儿童中,肥大细胞增多症和自身炎症综合征(冷冻素相关周期性综合征[CAPS],特别是Muckle-Wells综合征和儿童Still病)是重要的鉴别诊断。自身炎症综合征的特点是附加症状,如发热、骨痛、肌肉痛和关节不适。冷冻素相关的周期性综合征通常表现在婴儿期,因此必须考虑这些疾病,特别是如果存在与冷相关的荨麻疹皮肤病变。适当的早期治疗可以预防严重的后遗症。在斑疹性肥大细胞增多症(色素性荨麻疹)中,红色的斑点是该疾病的特征;特别是在出现达里尔氏征后,与荨麻疹的鉴别可能是困难的,但斑疹是永久性的。临床发现,荨麻疹和/或血管性水肿与成人相似,表明肥大细胞诱导的血管性水肿也与儿童荨麻疹有关。在排他性血管性水肿的情况下,还必须考虑遗传性血管性水肿,通常在青春期首次出现,通常与激素制剂的使用有关。
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引用次数: 0
Abstracts of the 18th German Allergy Congress, Bonn, September 14–16, 2023 第18届德国过敏大会摘要,波恩,2023年9月14日至16日
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-023-00269-2
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引用次数: 0
Eosinophilic esophagitis—from definition to therapy 嗜酸性食管炎——从定义到治疗
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-023-00265-6
Ulrike von Arnim

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder that is characterized clinically by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and histologically by a dense eosinophilic inflammation of the esophagus. This article provides an overview of the current knowledge in the field of EoE. EoE has seen significant progress in its understanding, including its definition, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Consensus criteria have been established for diagnosing EoE, with symptoms commonly including dysphagia, food impaction, and reflux-like symptoms. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, endoscopy, and histological assessment. Therapeutic strategies for EoE aim to alleviate symptoms, induce and maintain remission, and prevent complications. These strategies include dietary modifications, pharmacotherapy, and endoscopic interventions. Treatment choice depends on disease severity, patient preferences, and comorbidities. Despite progress, challenges persist in EoE management. Long-term outcomes and optimal treatment duration are still under investigation. Research efforts focus on identifying predictive markers for treatment response and developing personalized approaches. In conclusion, EoE is a chronic, progressive and recurrent disease with various clinical manifestations and treatment options. Improved understanding has led to better diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies. However, further research is necessary to enhance our understanding of disease pathogenesis, refine treatment algorithms, and optimize long-term outcomes for individuals with EoE.

嗜酸性粒细胞食管炎(EoE)是一种由免疫介导的慢性疾病,临床上以食管功能障碍症状为特征,组织学上以食管致密的嗜酸性粒细胞炎症为特征。本文概述了食管炎领域的现有知识。人们对食管水肿的认识取得了重大进展,包括其定义、临床表现、诊断和治疗。诊断胃食管返流的共识标准已经确立,症状通常包括吞咽困难、食物嵌塞和反流样症状。诊断包括临床评估、内窥镜检查和组织学评估。肠易激综合征的治疗策略旨在减轻症状、诱导和维持缓解以及预防并发症。这些策略包括饮食调整、药物治疗和内窥镜干预。治疗方法的选择取决于疾病的严重程度、患者的偏好和合并症。尽管取得了进展,但在治疗咽喉炎方面仍存在挑战。长期疗效和最佳治疗时间仍在研究之中。研究工作的重点是确定治疗反应的预测标志物和开发个性化方法。总之,肠易激综合征是一种慢性、进展性和复发性疾病,具有各种临床表现和治疗方案。随着对该病认识的加深,诊断标准和治疗策略也在不断完善。然而,我们还需要开展进一步的研究,以加强对疾病发病机制的了解、完善治疗算法并优化咽喉炎患者的长期疗效。
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引用次数: 0
Acute urticaria—what to do? 急性荨麻疹怎么办?
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-023-00266-5
Regina Treudler, Julia Zarnowski, Nicola Wagner

Summary

Acute urticaria (AU) is the most common cause of wheal formation. By definition, it does not persist for more than 6 weeks. It can occur at any age and is more commonly seen in atopic diathesis. Acute spontaneous urticaria is distinguished from inducible forms. This review highlights the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, possible triggers, and therapeutic strategies. In childhood as in adulthood, viral infections are very frequently associated with acute urticaria, whereas drugs and food are less frequently described as triggers. However, it is not uncommon for multiple triggers to be present simultaneously. Therapeutically, oral nonsedating H1 antihistamines are mainly used. In some patients, concomitant short-term administration of glucocorticosteroids is also necessary.

摘要:急性荨麻疹(AU)是最常见的引起荨麻疹的原因。根据定义,它不会持续超过6周。它可以发生在任何年龄,更常见于特应性素质。急性自发性荨麻疹不同于诱导型荨麻疹。这篇综述强调了临床表现、鉴别诊断、可能的诱因和治疗策略。在儿童期和成年期,病毒感染通常与急性荨麻疹有关,而药物和食物则较少被描述为触发因素。然而,同时出现多个触发器并不罕见。治疗上,主要使用口服非镇静H1抗组胺药。在一些患者中,同时短期使用糖皮质激素也是必要的。
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引用次数: 0
Anti-allergen monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of allergies 抗过敏原单克隆抗体用于治疗过敏
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-023-00263-8
Niccolo Pengo PhD, Natascha Wuillemin PhD, Dimitri Bieli PhD, Pascal Gasser PhD

Background

To tackle the growing allergy epidemic, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. One promising avenue is the development of anti-allergen antibody therapies. This passive immunization approach stands out from traditional allergen immunotherapy by not exposing patients to the allergen but also by potentially treating patients who are less responsive or even unresponsive to allergen immunotherapies and providing immediate protection.

Methods

After a review of historical and recently published literature on the topic of anti-allergen antibodies, the status quo and recent advancements are presented. Anti-allergen antibody therapies in the context of immunological changes that occur during allergen immunotherapy are also discussed.

Results

While the protective role of anti-allergen antibodies was recognized decades ago, the advancement of antibody discovery technologies has fueled the field, and now different anti-allergen antibody therapies are approaching clinical use. These developments have also broadened our understanding of the allergens and allergenic epitopes responsible in different allergic diseases, and also the role played by immunoglobulins in shaping the immune system.

Conclusion

The development of anti-allergen antibody therapies offers great potential for the treatment of allergies. Of interest, the efficacy of passive immunization approaches will likely extend beyond allergen neutralization as in the presence of the allergen they might contribute to long-lasting disease modification.

背景为了应对日益严重的过敏流行病,迫切需要新的治疗方法。一个有前景的途径是开发抗过敏原抗体疗法。这种被动免疫方法与传统的过敏原免疫疗法不同,它不让患者接触过敏原,还可能治疗对过敏原免疫治疗反应较低甚至无反应的患者,并提供即时保护。方法回顾了抗过敏原抗体的历史和最新发表的文献,介绍了抗过敏源抗体的研究现状和最新进展。还讨论了在过敏原免疫治疗过程中发生的免疫变化的背景下的抗过敏原抗体治疗。结果尽管抗过敏原抗体的保护作用在几十年前就得到了认可,但抗体发现技术的进步推动了这一领域的发展,现在不同的抗过敏原-抗体疗法正在接近临床应用。这些进展也拓宽了我们对不同过敏性疾病中的过敏原和致敏表位的理解,以及免疫球蛋白在形成免疫系统中所起的作用。结论抗过敏原抗体疗法的发展为过敏的治疗提供了巨大的潜力。令人感兴趣的是,被动免疫方法的疗效可能会超越过敏原中和,因为在存在过敏原的情况下,它们可能有助于长期的疾病改变。
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引用次数: 0
Phenology as a tool to gain more insights into the grass pollen season 物候学是了解草花粉季节的工具
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-023-00264-7
Katharina Bastl, Maximilian Bastl, Markus Berger, Lukas Dirr, Uwe E. Berger

Background

Grass pollen allergy is the most common pollen allergy in the world. The grass family (Poaceae) consists of many genera and species of allergenic importance, but all share a uniform pollen grain morphology. Phenology is the key to discriminate different taxa.

Methodology

PubMed was used as the search engine. The publications found were selected based on their relevance and summarized.

Results

Studies with this focus are still rare. The composition of grass genera and species varies largely from region to region. Some taxa play a more important role in terms of pollen release and allergenicity than others.

Conclusion

Phenological routines need deep botanical knowledge and are time-consuming. Nonetheless, they should be integrated into studies on the grass pollen season since they allow a more precise understanding.

背景草花粉过敏是世界上最常见的花粉过敏症。禾本科(Poaceae)由许多具有重要过敏原意义的属和种组成,但所有属和种的花粉粒形态一致。物候学是区分不同类群的关键。结果这方面的研究还很少见。不同地区草属和草种的组成大不相同。某些类群在花粉释放和过敏性方面比其他类群发挥着更重要的作用。尽管如此,它们仍应被纳入草花粉季节的研究中,因为它们能让我们更准确地了解草花粉。
{"title":"Phenology as a tool to gain more insights into the grass pollen season","authors":"Katharina Bastl,&nbsp;Maximilian Bastl,&nbsp;Markus Berger,&nbsp;Lukas Dirr,&nbsp;Uwe E. Berger","doi":"10.1007/s40629-023-00264-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40629-023-00264-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Grass pollen allergy is the most common pollen allergy in the world. The grass family (Poaceae) consists of many genera and species of allergenic importance, but all share a uniform pollen grain morphology. Phenology is the key to discriminate different taxa.</p><h3>Methodology</h3><p>PubMed was used as the search engine. The publications found were selected based on their relevance and summarized.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Studies with this focus are still rare. The composition of grass genera and species varies largely from region to region. Some taxa play a more important role in terms of pollen release and allergenicity than others.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Phenological routines need deep botanical knowledge and are time-consuming. Nonetheless, they should be integrated into studies on the grass pollen season since they allow a more precise understanding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37457,"journal":{"name":"Allergo Journal International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40629-023-00264-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41939863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Methods and standards of pollen monitoring—significance of pollen measurements at different altitudes 花粉监测方法和标准——不同海拔花粉测量的意义
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-023-00268-3
Maximilian Bastl, Katharina Bastl, Lukas Dirr, Markus Berger, Uwe Berger

Background

The measurement of pollen concentrations has been performed according to various protocols in recent decades. In all approaches the following questions were of importance: the positioning of the measuring device (whether at roof or nose level), the reliability as well as the comparability of measurements.

Methods

Current methods for pollen measurements and previous studies on measurement heights are presented and compared.

Results

The most widely used device is the Hirst pollen and spore trap. Its data is widely used for pollen information, pollen prediction models, and clinical studies. The position of the trap at roof level remains the current standard as the pollen concentrations correlate best with “real world” situation and regional symptom data.

Conclusion

The guideline for the detection of pollen and spores for allergy networks (EN 16868:2019-09) in Europe was an important step towards standardization. Modern, automated measurement methods are still in experimental stage in terms of validation and comparability. Harmonization of data from different measurement methods is a future challenge.

背景近几十年来,花粉浓度的测量一直按照各种方案进行。在所有方法中,以下问题都很重要:测量设备的定位(无论是在车顶还是机头水平面)、测量的可靠性以及可比性。方法介绍目前花粉测量的方法,并与以往有关花粉高度测量的研究进行比较。结果应用最广泛的是赫斯特花粉孢子捕捉器。其数据被广泛用于花粉信息、花粉预测模型和临床研究。由于花粉浓度与“真实世界”情况和区域症状数据的相关性最好,因此诱捕器在屋顶水平的位置仍然是当前的标准。结论欧洲过敏网络花粉和孢子检测指南(EN 16868:2019-09)是迈向标准化的重要一步。现代自动化测量方法在验证和可比性方面仍处于实验阶段。协调来自不同测量方法的数据是未来的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
What inhalant allergens can do and not do?—The cooperation of allergens and their source in Th2 polarization and allergic sensitization 吸入性过敏原能做什么,不能做什么--过敏原及其来源在Th2极化和过敏致敏中的协同作用
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-023-00262-9
Sophie Grosse-Kathoefer, Lorenz Aglas, Fatima Ferreira,  Lisa Pointner
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引用次数: 1
Prolonging the period of allergenic burden: late-flowering grasses and local peculiarities 延长致敏负担期:晚花草和当地特点
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-023-00267-4
Lukas Dirr, Katharina Bastl, Maximilian Bastl, Markus Berger, Uwe E. Berger

Summary

Background

The grass pollen season is characterized by a particularly long duration, covering the months May to July in Europe but can vary depending on the altitude and geographical location.

Methods

Three grass species whose flowering period takes place late in the season are discussed in detail: Phragmites australis (common reed), Miscanthus spp. (silvergrass), and Zea mays (maize).

Results

Phragmites australis flowers between August and September and provides significant pollen concentrations at sites with large reed populations. Miscanthus spp. flowers from August to October and is found as an ornamental plant in urban areas and as a crop plant in rural areas. Zea mays flowers from July to October and can cause discomfort especially in the vicinity of cornfields.

Discussion

Phenological observations are an important part of aerobiological routine work to gain insights into regional peculiarities like late-flowering grasses, which play a role in prolonging the duration of the grass pollen season.

夏季背景草花粉季节的特点是持续时间特别长,在欧洲覆盖5月至7月,但可能因海拔高度和地理位置而异。方法对芦苇(普通芦苇)、芒草(银草)和玉米(玉米)三种花期晚的草本植物进行了详细的研究。芒属植物从8月到10月开花,在城市地区是一种观赏植物,在农村地区也是一种作物。玉米从七月到十月开花,会引起不适,尤其是在玉米地附近。讨论表型观测是空气生物学常规工作的重要组成部分,目的是深入了解晚花草等区域特性,这些特性在延长草花粉季节的持续时间方面发挥着作用。
{"title":"Prolonging the period of allergenic burden: late-flowering grasses and local peculiarities","authors":"Lukas Dirr,&nbsp;Katharina Bastl,&nbsp;Maximilian Bastl,&nbsp;Markus Berger,&nbsp;Uwe E. Berger","doi":"10.1007/s40629-023-00267-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40629-023-00267-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Summary</h2><div><h3>Background</h3><p>The grass pollen season is characterized by a particularly long duration, covering the months May to July in Europe but can vary depending on the altitude and geographical location.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Three grass species whose flowering period takes place late in the season are discussed in detail: <i>Phragmites australis </i>(common reed), <i>Miscanthus </i>spp. (silvergrass), and <i>Zea mays </i>(maize).</p><h3>Results</h3><p><i>Phragmites australis </i>flowers between August and September and provides significant pollen concentrations at sites with large reed populations. <i>Miscanthus </i>spp. flowers from August to October and is found as an ornamental plant in urban areas and as a crop plant in rural areas. <i>Zea mays </i>flowers from July to October and can cause discomfort especially in the vicinity of cornfields.</p><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Phenological observations are an important part of aerobiological routine work to gain insights into regional peculiarities like late-flowering grasses, which play a role in prolonging the duration of the grass pollen season.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":37457,"journal":{"name":"Allergo Journal International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40629-023-00267-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50518060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Allergo Journal International
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