HardwareX最新文献

英文中文

FreiLaser: Flexible pulse generator for laser control in optogenetic experiments FreiLaser：用于光遗传实验中激光控制的柔性脉冲发生器

IF 2.1 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX

Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00709

Artur Schneider , Ilka Diester

To facilitate optogenetic experiments in neuroscience, we designed a cost-effective (

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40 €) and versatile laser control system, FreiLaser, based on the Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller running CircuitPython. FreiLaser allows precise control over various stimulation parameters for up to four lasers, utilizing both analog and digital signals. It features a user-friendly graphical interface for parameter configuration and real-time visualization, as well as an API for seamless integration with existing experimental setups. The system also includes a built-in mask controller to prevent behavioral bias by synchronizing masking LEDs with laser pulses. Validation tests confirmed that FreiLaser generates stable, temporally precise control signals, suitable for a range of stimulation patterns. The system’s flexibility, ease of use, and low cost make it an invaluable tool for researchers conducting optogenetic and behavioral studies. Our open-source design ensures accessibility and adaptability for a wide range of experimental needs.

为了促进神经科学中的光遗传学实验，我们设计了一种经济高效（40欧元）的多功能激光控制系统FreiLaser，该系统基于运行CircuitPython的树莓派Pico微控制器。FreiLaser可以精确控制多达四个激光器的各种刺激参数，利用模拟和数字信号。它具有用户友好的图形界面，用于参数配置和实时可视化，以及与现有实验设置无缝集成的API。该系统还包括一个内置掩模控制器，通过同步掩模led与激光脉冲来防止行为偏差。验证测试证实，FreiLaser可以产生稳定、暂时精确的控制信号，适用于各种刺激模式。该系统的灵活性、易用性和低成本使其成为研究人员进行光遗传学和行为研究的宝贵工具。我们的开源设计确保了广泛的实验需求的可访问性和适应性。

引用次数: 0

Rotapollen Sampler: An affordable, portable, and programmable rotorod-style device for measuring airborne pollen concentrations 轮孢采样器：一种经济实惠，便携式，可编程的轮孢采样式设备，用于测量空气中的花粉浓度

IF 2.1 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00712

Daniel SW Katz , Kacper Sobieraj , Christopher Karounos , Stuart A Batterman

We present designs for a rotorod-style device for sampling airborne pollen and other particulates >10 µm. This device is affordable ($118 USD for the first individual sampler with an incremental cost of $48 for the 10th sampler built) and collects data very similar to commercial pollen measurement devices (that cost $1300−$6000 per sampler). The design is portable, battery operated, programmable, and includes retracting sampling rods to prevent passive sampling between periods of active sampling and can include a rain shield to allow deployment in inclement weather. The main sampler is 135 × 75 × 93 mm and weighs 185 g, allowing for easy deployment on portable tripods at breathing height. As with other rotorod-style devices, active sampling time during normal pollen concentrations is limited to 1 h, but this sampling activity can be distributed across periods ranging up to several days; the timing of sampling is programmable through a simple and easily modifiable Arduino script. This validated sampler (r > 0.99 compared to a commercial rotorod-style device) is field tested and results have been published in several peer-reviewed publications. The Rotapollen Sampler is well suited for investigations of airborne pollen concentrations, and especially for sampling campaigns that simultaneously collect measurements in multiple locations, such as those that seek to understand spatial heterogeneity in airborne pollen concentrations.

我们提出了一种旋转式装置的设计，用于采样空气中的花粉和其他颗粒>；10微米。该设备价格合理（第一个采样器为118美元，第10个采样器的增加成本为48美元），收集的数据与商业花粉测量设备非常相似（每个采样器的成本为1300 - 6000美元）。该设计是便携式的、电池供电的、可编程的，包括可收回的采样杆，以防止主动采样期间的被动采样，并且可以包括一个防雨罩，以便在恶劣天气下部署。主采样器为135 × 75 × 93毫米，重185克，可在呼吸高度轻松部署在便携式三脚架上。与其他旋转式装置一样，正常花粉浓度期间的主动采样时间限制在1小时，但这种采样活动可以分布在长达数天的时间内；采样的时间是通过一个简单的和易于修改的Arduino脚本可编程的。这种经过验证的采样器（与商业旋转式设备相比，r > 0.99）进行了现场测试，结果已发表在几家同行评审的出版物上。Rotapollen采样器非常适合于空气中花粉浓度的调查，特别是在多个地点同时收集测量数据的采样活动，例如那些寻求了解空气中花粉浓度的空间异质性的采样活动。

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引用次数: 0

Design of a low-cost microphone array for portable multi-platform applications 便携式多平台应用的低成本麦克风阵列设计

IF 2.1 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00710

Luis Corral, Pablo E. Román

Acoustic imaging analysis of noise sources is a widespread method to obtain source spatial positioning and parameters like sound pressure. The challenge is to record audio from multiple microphones simultaneously and optionally capture color images from a camera for final overlapped sound localization display. We propose a multiple hardware component interconnection device, with necessary and optional parts available from different retailers and minimal printed circuit board designs. The setup is based on a 3D-printed base that can be modified to achieve different portable microphone array configurations. The final product is USB 2.0 compliant and can be connected to multiple computers and operating system, as well as various development boards. The simple script provided allows recording 16-channel files at 48 kHz and 32 bits, alongside optional colored point clouds from a depth camera. Measurements taken in an anechoic chamber and post-processing with inverse methods result in holographic reconstruction of noise sources surface parameters and a sound power approximation.

噪声源的声成像分析是一种获得噪声源空间定位和声压等参数的常用方法。挑战在于同时记录来自多个麦克风的音频，并可选择从相机捕获彩色图像，以便最终重叠声音定位显示。我们提出了一个多硬件组件互连设备，必要的和可选的部件可以从不同的零售商和最小的印刷电路板设计。该装置基于3d打印底座，可以修改以实现不同的便携式麦克风阵列配置。最终产品符合USB 2.0标准，可以连接多台计算机和操作系统，以及各种开发板。提供的简单脚本允许以48 kHz和32位记录16通道文件，以及来自深度相机的可选彩色点云。在消声室中进行测量，并使用逆方法进行后处理，结果是噪声源表面参数的全息重建和声功率近似值。

引用次数: 0

Silicone Breast Phantoms for use with Digital Imaging Elasto-Tomography Breast Cancer Screening 用于数字成像弹性断层摄影乳腺癌筛查的硅胶乳房幻影

IF 2.1 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX

Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00707

Francesca Gallaway, Henry W. Hall, Matthew Walker, Chloe Tattersfield, Stephanie Post, Jessica Fitzjohn, Cong Zhou, J.Geoffery Chase

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer and has the highest mortality rate among all types of cancer. The current best method to prevent deaths from breast cancer is by early detection. The gold standard for breast cancer detection screening is X-ray mammography. However, it has several limitations, including invasive radiation exposure and poor performance in younger women with dense breast tissue. Digital Imaging Elasto-Tomography is a novel breast cancer screening device using mechanical vibrations and computer vision algorithms to determine the actuated breast tissue surface motion and, from them, infer the elastic properties of underlying breast tissue. It leverages the 400-1000% stiffness contrast between health breast tissues and tumor tissues.

To further develop this device breast phantoms are required to test device software, hardware, use, and to quantify diagnostic algorithm performance on repeatable phantom test subjects. These phantoms need to have elastic properties appropriately representing realistic breast tissues and tumor tissues. The production of both asymmetric, realistically shaped and symmetric breast phantoms are detailed. Each of these phantoms is comprised of different silicone compositions representing different tissues, including a skin layer, healthy fat tissue, and cancerous tumour tissue. Several tests were performed to validate these phantoms, including compression testing to determine the elastic modulus and its location within reported human tissue stiffness value ranges.

乳腺癌是最常见的癌症，在所有类型的癌症中死亡率最高。目前预防乳腺癌死亡的最佳方法是早期发现。乳腺癌检测筛查的金标准是x射线乳房x光摄影。然而，它有一些局限性，包括侵入性辐射暴露和在乳房组织致密的年轻女性中表现不佳。数字成像弹性断层扫描是一种新型的乳腺癌筛查设备，使用机械振动和计算机视觉算法来确定驱动的乳房组织表面运动，并从中推断潜在的乳房组织的弹性特性。它利用健康乳腺组织和肿瘤组织之间400-1000%的刚度对比。为了进一步开发该设备，需要对设备的软件、硬件、使用进行测试，并在可重复的幻影测试对象上量化诊断算法的性能。这些模型需要有弹性，适当地代表真实的乳房组织和肿瘤组织。制作不对称的，现实的形状和对称的乳房幻影是详细的。这些幻影中的每一个都由不同的硅胶组成，代表不同的组织，包括皮肤层、健康脂肪组织和癌症肿瘤组织。进行了几项测试来验证这些模型，包括压缩测试，以确定弹性模量及其在报告的人体组织刚度值范围内的位置。

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引用次数: 0

MyNutriCapsule: An innovative approach to reduce water and nutrient waste in fertigation farming 我的营养胶囊：一个创新的方法，以减少水和营养浪费的施肥农业

IF 2.1 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX

Pub Date : 2025-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00711

Azlan Abdul Aziz , Nor Azriani Mohamad Nor , Wan Nurshazelin Wan Shahidan , Siti Nor Nadrah Muhamad , Nur Syuhada Muhammat Pazil , Syazwani Ya , Nur Faezah Omar

Although fertigation offers substantial efficiency and productivity benefits, it also has significant drawbacks. Setting up a fertigation system requires considerable costs and knowledge and professionalism in managing soil, water, and fertiliser. Inefficient fertigation practices can also lead to groundwater contamination from nutrients leaching beyond the root zone. Consequently, this study aimed to introduce the MyNutriCapsule, an innovative product designed by Mr. Azlan Abdul Aziz, a senior lecturer from Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. The product was primarily employed to significantly reduce water and nutrient waste in fertigation agriculture. MyNutriCapsule recorded 98% and 18% reduction in fertiliser and liquid nutritional fertiliser wastage, respectively. The product also documented a 20% reduction in treated water consumption and a 27% decrement in overall operational costs. The observations validated the efficiency of MyNutriCapsule in promoting sustainable and cost-effective agricultural practices.

虽然施肥提供了大量的效率和生产力效益，但它也有明显的缺点。建立一个施肥系统需要相当大的成本以及管理土壤、水和肥料的知识和专业知识。低效的施肥方法也会导致地下水污染，因为营养物浸出超出了根区。因此，本研究旨在介绍由马来西亚玛拉理工大学高级讲师Azlan Abdul Aziz先生设计的创新产品mynutriccapsule。该产品主要用于显著减少施肥农业中的水和养分浪费。mynutriccapsule分别减少了98%和18%的肥料和液体营养肥浪费。该产品还减少了20%的处理水消耗，降低了27%的总体运营成本。观察结果证实了mynutriccapsule在促进可持续和具有成本效益的农业实践方面的效率。

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引用次数: 0

Low-cost, open-source device for applying controlled olfactory stimuli during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain 一种低成本、开源的设备，用于在脑功能磁共振成像（fMRI）过程中应用可控的嗅觉刺激

IF 2.1 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX

Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00708

Raffaella Salama , Miguel A. Rodríguez-Lázaro , Camil Castelo-Branco , Iñigo Herrero-Vidaurre , Laura Ribera-Torres , Emma Muñoz-Moreno , Jorge Otero , Ramon Farré

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess brain activity in response to olfactory stimuli is of great biomedical and clinical interest. However, application of controlled sequences of olfactory stimuli within the setting of fMRI equipment is challenging since the associated limitations for non-magnetic and non-conducive materials. Here, we have developed and tested a simple, low-cost, open-source, stand-alone device to apply selectable controlled sequences of olfactory stimuli in subjects undergoing fMRI. The device consists of an Arduino-controlled unit containing a blower-based airflow generator and a multichannel air valves system, a set of long air conducting tubing, and bubbler-based odor sources. The device was first validated on the bench to characterize the range of achievable flows, ensuring that the device can be adapted to a variety of applications and fMRI settings. The effectiveness of device performance was subsequently assessed in female patients with sexual dysfunction using a fMRI protocol based on subjecting them to controlled sequences of olfactive stimuli with pheromone, phenethyl alcohol (a rose fragrance) or neutral clean air. Therefore, the device facilitates biomedical research and clinical assessment of the neural pathways modulated by the olfactory system.

利用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）来评估大脑对嗅觉刺激的反应具有重要的生物医学和临床意义。然而，由于非磁性和非有益材料的相关限制，在功能磁共振成像设备的设置中应用受控的嗅觉刺激序列是具有挑战性的。在这里，我们已经开发并测试了一种简单，低成本，开源，独立的设备，用于在接受fMRI的受试者中应用可选择的控制嗅觉刺激序列。该装置由arduino控制单元组成，该单元包含一个基于鼓风机的气流发生器和一个多通道空气阀系统，一组长空气传导管和基于起泡器的气味源。该设备首先在实验台上进行了验证，以确定可实现的流量范围，确保该设备可以适应各种应用和fMRI设置。随后，在女性性功能障碍患者中，使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）协议评估了设备性能的有效性，该协议基于对她们施加信息素、苯乙醇（一种玫瑰香味）或中性清洁空气的可控嗅觉刺激序列。因此，该装置有助于生物医学研究和嗅觉系统调节的神经通路的临床评估。

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引用次数: 0

PowderBot: An automated device for decision-making in crop breeding programs based on DNA extraction from seed powder PowderBot：一种基于从种子粉中提取DNA的作物育种计划决策的自动化设备

IF 2.1 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00706

H. Díaz, E. Macea, R. Escobar, S. Beebe, J. Tohme, B. Raatz

This paper presents the design, construction, operation, and evaluation of PowderBot, a purpose-built, open-source, low-cost machine (∼US$ 5000) that automates DNA extraction from ungerminated seeds. The device drills into the seed cotyledon, where the genetic information of the prospective plant is stored. It then transfers the pure, powdered samples directly to well-plates for analysis. This reduces time and other research resources and can accelerate crop varietal improvement, ultimately contributing to more efficient and successful crop breeding programs. At CIAT́s campus, we have validated the method for obtaining seed-tissue material from common beans for DNA extraction and subsequently genotyping agronomically interesting lines, using the bc-3 molecular marker. Three genotyping trials were carried out using this method, which generated consistent results, regardless of the number of perforations made to the seed. This leads us to infer that the method works effectively and can be applied for marker assisted selection (MAS) in bean and other crop breeding programs. Finally, germination and vigor tests indicated the sampling process did not significantly compromise perforated seed germination rate, physiological quality or viability.

本文介绍了PowderBot的设计、构建、操作和评估，这是一种专用的、开源的、低成本的机器（约5000美元），可以自动从未发芽的种子中提取DNA。该装置钻入种子子叶，那里储存着未来植物的遗传信息。然后将纯净的粉末状样品直接转移到孔板上进行分析。这减少了时间和其他研究资源，可以加速作物品种改良，最终有助于更有效和成功的作物育种计划。在CIAT的校园，我们已经验证了从普通豆类中获得种子组织材料的方法，用于DNA提取，随后使用bc-3分子标记对农学上感兴趣的品系进行基因分型。使用这种方法进行了三次基因分型试验，无论对种子穿孔的数量如何，结果都一致。这使我们推断该方法是有效的，可以应用于豆类和其他作物育种计划中的标记辅助选择（MAS）。最后，萌发和活力测试表明，取样过程对穿孔种子的发芽率、生理质量和活力没有显著影响。

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引用次数: 0

Cost-effective and versatile Hardware-in-the-Loop system for DC/DC converter emulation in education and research 用于教育和研究的DC/DC变换器仿真的高性价比和多功能硬件在环系统

IF 2.1 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX

Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00701

Alejandro Gaviria-Cano, Cristian Escudero-Quintero, Jose David López-Suárez, Juan Pablo Villegas-Ceballos, Elkin Edilberto Henao-Bravo, Sergio Ignacio Serna-Garcés

This work presents a cost-effective, versatile hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system for non-isolated DC/DC converter emulation. The system emulates five types of converters (Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, Cuk, and SEPIC) and targets educational and research applications. The hardware uses an ARM Cortex M7 microcontroller to perform real-time calculations and produce analog signals that emulate the behavior of the converters. Its economical, compact, and modular design is optimized to facilitate use in educational environments and research projects with limited resources. Additionally, the system includes software that enables automatic configuration of the code necessary for emulation, offering flexibility while reducing costs and complexity

这项工作提出了一种经济、通用的硬件在环（HIL）系统，用于非隔离DC/DC转换器仿真。该系统模拟了五种类型的转换器（Buck、Boost、Buck-Boost、Cuk和SEPIC），目标是教育和研究应用。硬件使用ARM Cortex M7微控制器执行实时计算，并产生模拟转换器行为的模拟信号。其经济，紧凑，模块化的设计是优化，以方便在教育环境和研究项目有限的资源使用。此外，该系统还包括能够自动配置仿真所需代码的软件，在降低成本和复杂性的同时提供灵活性

引用次数: 0

AnyBio – An easy off-the-shelf masked stereolithography bioprinter conversion combined with radical-scavenging strategies AnyBio -一个简单的现成屏蔽立体光刻生物打印机转换结合自由基清除策略

IF 2.1 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX

Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00705

Maj-Britt Buchholz , Nils Bessler , Anne C. Rios

Over the last two decades 3D bioprinting has gained momentum to fabricate tissue mimicking constructs serving as tissue models, animal-free drug screening platforms and tissue replacements for regenerative medicine. Recently, the focus has shifted towards the development of light-based bioprinting methods due to its high accuracy and absence of nozzle-induced shear stress on printed cells. However, light-based bioprinting equipment can be costly and photo-sensitive materials difficult to optimize. In this work, we present the conversion of a masked stereolithography printer into a heated, humidified, and easily sterilizable bioprinter, with minimal financial investment (<350 € including purchase of the printer). We provide instructions on how to optimize bioinks and printing conditions and explore novel bioresin additives utilizing cell-friendly photon absorption and radical scavenging strategies. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the compatibility of our method for the ability of our printer to produce complex and perfusable architectures as well as successful cell printing with high post-printing viability. With this we aim to contribute to accessibility of both hardware and protocols to easily implement bioprinting with minimal barriers.

在过去的二十年中，3D生物打印已经获得了制造组织模拟结构的动力，作为组织模型，无动物药物筛选平台和再生医学的组织替代品。最近，由于光基生物打印技术的高精度和打印细胞上没有喷嘴诱导的剪切应力，人们的焦点已经转移到光基生物打印技术的发展上。然而，基于光的生物打印设备可能是昂贵的，光敏材料难以优化。在这项工作中，我们展示了将屏蔽立体光刻打印机转换为加热，加湿且易于灭菌的生物打印机的方法，并且投资最少（包括购买打印机在内的350欧元）。我们提供了如何优化生物墨水和打印条件的说明，并利用细胞友好的光子吸收和自由基清除策略探索新的生物树脂添加剂。作为概念验证，我们展示了我们的方法与我们的打印机生产复杂和可渗透架构的能力的兼容性，以及具有高打印后可行性的成功细胞打印。因此，我们的目标是促进硬件和协议的可访问性，以最小的障碍轻松实现生物打印。

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引用次数: 0

Temperature control board design and validation for skipper-CCD sensors using a buck converter 采用降压变换器的陀螺ccd传感器温控板设计与验证

IF 2.1 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX

Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00703

Marcelo Barrientos , Martin Barrientos , Jorge Rodas , Alfredo Renault , Carlos Romero , Fabian Palacios , Claudio Chavez , Ana Martina Botti

This article describes the creation and validation of a custom temperature control board explicitly designed for Skipper-CCD sensors. The board is versatile and can be used in various experimental setups. It consists of two galvanically isolated sections: a control section equipped with a Raspberry Pi and essential instrumentation for measurement and protection, and a power section with a buck converter and additional instrumentation for enhanced protection and monitoring. The seamless integration of these sections provides robust temperature control and comprehensive safeguards against potential issues. Through careful design and extensive experimental validation, the developed board ensures precise thermal management tailored to the unique needs of Skipper-CCD sensors. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated in the OSCURA experiment and can serve as a model for potential applications in other projects.

这篇文章描述了一个定制的温度控制板的创建和验证，明确地为船长- ccd传感器设计。该板是多功能的，可用于各种实验设置。它由两个电隔离部分组成：一个控制部分配备了树莓派和用于测量和保护的基本仪器，一个电源部分配备了降压转换器和用于增强保护和监测的额外仪器。这些部分的无缝集成提供了强大的温度控制和针对潜在问题的全面保障。通过精心设计和广泛的实验验证，开发的电路板确保精确的热管理，以满足Skipper-CCD传感器的独特需求。其有效性已在OSCURA实验中得到证明，并可作为其他项目潜在应用的模型。

引用次数: 0

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