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Multiple channels, low-cost, and dual data storage data logger for building a soil temperature network 用于构建土壤温度网络的多通道、低成本、双数据存储数据记录器
IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00582
Gustavo N. Santiago , Ignacio Ciampitti

Temperature measurement is critical in many areas of research, particularly in agriculture, where it can have a significant impact on crop health and yield. Experiments such as seed germination often require numerous temperature sensors to collect extensive data. Typically, data loggers are used to store information, but market options are expensive and offer limited, non-customizable inputs (channels), creating challenges for comprehensive soil temperature monitoring. This study aims to develop a network of open-source, low-cost data loggers with multiple customizable channels for local and remote temperature data storage. The hardware includes Arduino, temperature sensors, a Real Time Clock, and a LoRa module to transmit data to a LILYGO TTGO board, which sends it to a remote MongoDB database while also storing it locally on a microSD card. In addition, a digital tool was developed to retrieve and display both current and historical readings from the MongoDB database. The total cost of this hardware is approximately US$ 72 (based on current prices) for the simplest network, which is approximately 18 % of the commercial cost. The system achieved a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.6 °C compared to a manual sampling probe thermometer, proving it to be a reliable measurement source. The hardware developed in this study surpasses commercial options by allowing the integration of multiple sensors and emitters, creating a network of data loggers at a lower cost. In addition to the hardware, an open-source digital tool was developed to visualize historical data at no additional cost.

温度测量在许多研究领域都至关重要,尤其是在农业领域,因为它可能对作物健康和产量产生重大影响。种子发芽等实验通常需要大量温度传感器来收集大量数据。通常情况下,使用数据记录器来存储信息,但市场上的数据记录器价格昂贵,提供的输入(通道)有限且不可定制,这给全面监测土壤温度带来了挑战。本研究旨在开发一个开源、低成本的数据记录器网络,该网络具有多个可定制的通道,用于本地和远程温度数据存储。硬件包括 Arduino、温度传感器、实时时钟和 LoRa 模块,用于将数据传输到 LILYGO TTGO 板,该板可将数据发送到远程 MongoDB 数据库,同时也可将数据存储到本地的 microSD 卡中。此外,还开发了一个数字工具,用于检索和显示 MongoDB 数据库中的当前和历史读数。最简单网络的硬件总成本约为 72 美元(基于当前价格),约为商业成本的 18%。与手动取样探针温度计相比,该系统的均方根误差 (RMSE) 为 1.6 °C,证明它是一个可靠的测量源。这项研究开发的硬件超越了商业选择,可以集成多个传感器和发射器,以较低的成本创建数据记录器网络。除硬件外,还开发了一个开源数字工具,用于可视化历史数据,无需额外费用。
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引用次数: 0
BioSense: An automated sensing node for organismal and environmental biology BioSense:用于生物和环境生物学的自动传感节点
IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00584
Andrea Contina , Eric Abelson , Brendan Allison , Brian Stokes , Kenedy F. Sanchez , Henry M. Hernandez , Anna M. Kepple , Quynhmai Tran , Isabella Kazen , Katherine A. Brown , Je’aime H. Powell , Timothy H. Keitt

Automated remote sensing has revolutionized the fields of wildlife ecology and environmental science. Yet, a cost-effective and flexible approach for large scale monitoring has not been fully developed, resulting in a limited collection of high-resolution data. Here, we describe BioSense, a low-cost and fully programmable automated sensing platform for applications in bioacoustics and environmental studies. Our design offers customization and flexibility to address a broad array of research goals and field conditions. Each BioSense is programmed through an integrated Raspberry Pi computer board and designed to collect and analyze avian vocalizations while simultaneously collecting temperature, humidity, and soil moisture data. We illustrate the different steps involved in manufacturing this sensor including hardware and software design and present the results of our laboratory and field testing in southwestern United States.

自动遥感技术给野生动物生态学和环境科学领域带来了革命性的变化。然而,用于大规模监测的成本效益高且灵活的方法尚未完全开发出来,导致收集到的高分辨率数据有限。在此,我们介绍一种低成本、完全可编程的自动传感平台 BioSense,它可应用于生物声学和环境研究。我们的设计具有定制性和灵活性,可满足广泛的研究目标和现场条件。每个 BioSense 都通过集成的 Raspberry Pi 计算机板进行编程,旨在收集和分析鸟类的叫声,同时收集温度、湿度和土壤湿度数据。我们展示了制造该传感器的不同步骤,包括硬件和软件设计,并介绍了在美国西南部进行的实验室和实地测试结果。
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引用次数: 0
Citizen science: Development of a low-cost magnetometer system for a coordinated space weather monitoring 公民科学:开发用于协调空间天气监测的低成本磁强计系统
IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00580
Hyomin Kim , David Witten , Julius Madey , Nathaniel Frissell , John Gibbons , William Engelke , Anderson Liddle , Nicholas Muscolino , Joseph Visone , Zhaoshu Cao

As part of Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation (HamSCI) Personal Space Weather Station (PSWS) project, a low-cost, commercial off-the-shelf magnetometer has been developed to provide quantitative and qualitative measurements of the geospace environment from the ground for both scientific and operational purposes at a cost that will allow for crowd-sourced data contributions. The PSWS magnetometers employ a magneto-inductive sensor technology to record three-axis magnetic field variations with a field resolution of 3 nT at a 1 Hz sample rate. The measurement range of the sensor is ±1.1×106 nT) and is valid over a temperature range of −40 °C to +85 °C. Data from the PSWS network will combine these magnetometer measurements with high frequency (HF, 3–30 MHz) radio observations to monitor large-scale current systems and ionospheric disturbances due to drivers from both space and the atmosphere. A densely-spaced magnetometer array, once established, will demonstrate their space weather monitoring capability to an unprecedented spatial extent. Magnetic field data obtained by the magnetometers installed at various locations in the US are presented and compared with the existing magnetometers nearby, demonstrating that the performance is very adequate for scientific investigations.

作为火腿无线电科学公民调查(HamSCI)个人空间气象站(PSWS)项目的一部分,开发了一种低成本的商用现成磁力计,用于从地面对地球空间环境进行定量和定性测量,既可用于科学目的,也可用于业务目的,其成本允许众包数据贡献。PSWS 磁强计采用磁感应传感器技术记录三轴磁场变化,磁场分辨率为 3 nT,采样率为 1 Hz。传感器的测量范围为 ±1.1×106 nT),有效温度范围为 -40 °C 至 +85°C。PSWS 网络的数据将把这些磁强计测量结果与高频(HF,3-30 MHz)无线电观测结果结合起来,以监测大尺度电流系统和来自空间和大气层的驱动因素造成的电离层扰动。密集分布的磁强计阵列一旦建立,将以前所未有的空间范围展示其空间气象监测能力。介绍了安装在美国不同地点的磁强计获得的磁场数据,并与附近现有的磁强计进行了比较,表明其性能非常适合科学调查。
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引用次数: 0
A modular and flexible open source cell incubator system for mobile and stationary use 模块化、灵活的开源细胞培养器系统,可移动和固定使用
IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00571
Jens Duru , Benedikt Maurer , Tobias Ruff , Katarina Vulić , Julian Hengsteler , Sophie Girardin , János Vörös , Stephan J. Ihle

Culturing living cells in vitro requires the maintenance of physiological conditions for extended periods of time. Here, we introduce a versatile and affordable incubation system, addressing the limitations of traditional incubation systems. Conventionally, stationary cell incubators maintain constant temperature and gas levels for in vitro cell culturing. Combining such incubators with additional lab equipment proves challenging. The presented platform offers modularity and adaptability, enabling customization to diverse experimental needs. The system includes a main unit with a user-friendly interface as well as an interchangeable incubation chamber. We present two incubation chambers targeting two completely different use cases. The first chamber, named “inkugo” facilitates the transportation of cells for up to two hours without external power and for more than a day without an external CO2 source. The second chamber termed “inkubox” was designed to enable continuous electrophysiological recordings. Recordings from up to four neural cultures growing on high-density microelectrode arrays can be performed in parallel. The system’s unique feature lies in its separability of control and incubation components, allowing one control unit to manage various custom chambers. The design’s simplicity and the use of widely accessible components make the here proposed incubation system replicable for any laboratory. This platform fosters collaboration and experimentation in both decentralized and traditional laboratory settings, making it an invaluable addition to any cell culturing pipeline.

体外培养活细胞需要长时间维持生理条件。在此,我们介绍一种多功能且经济实惠的培养系统,以解决传统培养系统的局限性。传统的固定式细胞培养箱可保持体外细胞培养的恒温和气体水平。将这种培养箱与其他实验室设备结合起来具有挑战性。该平台具有模块化和适应性强的特点,可根据不同的实验需求进行定制。该系统包括一个具有用户友好界面的主机和一个可互换的培养室。我们展示了两个孵育室,分别针对两种完全不同的使用情况。第一个培养室被命名为 "inkugo",它可以在没有外部电源的情况下将细胞运输长达两小时,在没有外部二氧化碳源的情况下将细胞运输一天以上。第二个箱体名为 "inkubox",旨在实现连续的电生理记录。最多可同时对四个生长在高密度微电极阵列上的神经培养物进行记录。该系统的独特之处在于其控制和培养组件的可分离性,允许一个控制单元管理各种定制腔室。设计的简洁性和使用广泛易得的组件,使这里提出的培养系统可以在任何实验室复制。无论是在分散实验室还是传统实验室环境中,该平台都能促进协作和实验,是任何细胞培养管道的宝贵补充。
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引用次数: 0
Turbolysis: A low-cost, small footprint alternative to commercial bead beaters for cell lysis 透析:用于细胞裂解的商用拍珠机的低成本、小体积替代品
IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00576
Jason D. Limberis, John Z. Metcalfe

turboLysis is a novel mechanical cell lysis device that utilizes small beads to efficiently lyse tough cells like Mycobacterium, Saccharomyces, and Arabidopsis. We compared turboLysis to bead beating using the BeadBug 6 for several concentrations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis roughly correlated to the bacterial load commonly seen in patient samples. turboLysis performed similarly to the BeadBug at low bacterial concentrations and outperformed it at high concentrations above 2x105 CFU/ml (p < 0.005). Thus, turboLysis offers good cell lytic performance in a small form factor at a low cost.

turboLysis 是一种新型机械细胞裂解装置,它利用小珠子有效裂解分枝杆菌、酵母菌和拟南芥等坚韧细胞。我们比较了 turboLysis 和 BeadBug 6 在几种浓度的结核分枝杆菌(与患者样本中常见的细菌量大致相关)中的表现。在细菌浓度较低时,turboLysis 的表现与 BeadBug 相似,而在超过 2x105 CFU/ml 的高浓度时,turboLysis 的表现则优于 BeadBug(p <0.005)。因此,turboLysis 能够以较小的体积和较低的成本提供良好的细胞溶解性能。
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引用次数: 0
Robust and low-cost open-source device for detecting infectious microorganisms by loop-mediated isothermal amplification 利用环介导等温扩增技术检测传染性微生物的可靠、低成本开源装置
IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00568
Jorge Otero , Miguel A. Rodríguez-Lázaro , Arturo Martínez-Trejo , Daniel Mbanze , Gorka Solana , Andrea Vergara , Salvador Bosch , David Gozal , Jordi Vila , Ramon Farré

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) is a useful technique for detecting infectious microorganisms in human fluids since it performs similarly to conventional PCR, the results are obtained faster and no thermocyclers or complex devices are required. Since only two isothermal blocks (95 °C to lyse cells and 65 °C for DNA amplification) are needed, LAMP is particularly suited for applications in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). To validate such assumption, we first designed and tested Arduino-controlled LAMP thermoblocks to process a considerable number of samples simultaneously with a low-energy consumption to enable routine use under worst-case conditions (no main power source and low ambient temperatures). The thermoblocks were tested when battery-powered at temperature down to 5 °C, showing high stability in well temperatures (<0.8 °C). The charge required for both thermoblocks to simultaneously achieve the target temperatures after switching on and to keep their working temperatures were 4.1 A·h and 2.4 A·h/h, respectively. Second, we implemented a low-cost viewer with LEDs and filters to detect the fluorescent LAMP reaction. All the components required for the instrument are for general purpose and readily available by e-commerce. Thus, the LAMP device allows for considerable autonomy by using a typical car battery in rural and itinerant healthcare or field hospitals in LMICs, even under difficult environmental conditions.

环路介导等温扩增(LAMP)是一种检测人体液中传染性微生物的有用技术,因为它与传统的 PCR 性能相似,结果更快,而且不需要热循环仪或复杂的设备。由于只需要两个等温区(95 ℃ 裂解细胞和 65 ℃ 扩增 DNA),LAMP 特别适合在中低收入国家(LMIC)应用。为了验证这一假设,我们首先设计并测试了由 Arduino 控制的 LAMP 热块,以低能耗同时处理大量样本,从而在最恶劣的条件下(无主电源和低环境温度)实现常规使用。在温度低至 5 °C、电池供电的情况下对热块进行了测试,结果表明其在井温(0.8 °C)下具有很高的稳定性。两个热块在开启后同时达到目标温度和保持工作温度所需的电量分别为 4.1 A-h 和 2.4 A-h/h。其次,我们采用了一种带有 LED 和滤光片的低成本观察仪来检测荧光 LAMP 反应。仪器所需的所有元件都是通用型的,可通过电子商务随时购买。因此,即使在恶劣的环境条件下,LAMP 设备也能在低收入和中等收入国家的农村和巡回医疗或野外医院中使用典型的汽车电池,从而实现相当大的自主性。
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引用次数: 0
MULA, an affordable framework for multifunctional liquid automation in natural- and life sciences with a focus on hardware design, setup, modularity and validation MULA,一个用于自然科学和生命科学领域多功能液体自动化的经济实惠的框架,侧重于硬件设计、设置、模块化和验证
IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00581
Leon F. Richter , Wolfgang R.E. Büchele , Alexander Imhof, Fritz E. Kühn

The implementation of automation has already had a considerable impact on chemical and pharmaceutical industrial laboratories. However, academic laboratories have often been more reluctant to adopt such technology due to the high cost of commercial liquid handling systems, although, in many instances, there would be a huge potential to automate repetitive tasks, resulting in elevated productivity. We present here a detailed description of the setup, validation, and utilization of a multifunctional liquid automation (MULA) system that can be used to automate various chemical and biological tasks. Considering that such a setup must be highly customizable, we also designed MULA with respect to modularity, providing detailed insight as far as possible. Including all 3D-printed parts and the used Hamilton gastight micro syringe, the total construction cost is approximately 700 €. This allows us to achieve a highly reliable and accurate system that exceeds the precision of a classical air displacement pipette while still retaining the ability to use closed vial (septa) setups. To encourage other groups to adopt this setup, detailed instructions and tips for every step of the process are provided, along with the complete CAD design of MULA and control code, which are freely available for download under the CC BY NC 3.0 license.

自动化的实施已经对化学和制药工业实验室产生了相当大的影响。然而,由于商用液体处理系统成本高昂,学术实验室往往不太愿意采用这种技术,尽管在许多情况下,自动化重复性工作具有巨大潜力,可以提高生产率。我们在此详细介绍了多功能液体自动化(MULA)系统的设置、验证和使用,该系统可用于自动化各种化学和生物任务。考虑到这种装置必须具有高度可定制性,我们在设计 MULA 时还考虑到了模块化问题,并尽可能提供了详细的说明。包括所有 3D 打印部件和使用的汉密尔顿气密微型注射器在内,总造价约为 700 欧元。这使我们能够实现一个高度可靠和精确的系统,其精度超过了传统的空气置换移液器,同时还能保留使用封闭小瓶(隔膜)设置的能力。为了鼓励其他小组采用这种装置,我们提供了每一步操作的详细说明和提示,以及 MULA 的完整 CAD 设计和控制代码,这些都可以在 CC BY NC 3.0 许可下免费下载。
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引用次数: 0
Synchronising an IMX219 image sensor and AS7265x spectral sensor to make a novel low-cost spectral camera 同步使用 IMX219 图像传感器和 AS7265x 光谱传感器,制造新型低成本光谱相机
IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00573
Charles Sutherland , Alan D. Henderson , Dean R. Giosio , Andrew J. Trotter , Greg G. Smith

A low-cost novel spectral camera able to be used for near infrared spectroscopy was made by using a Jetson Nano to synchronize a Sony IMX219 NOIR autofocus image sensor, an AMS AS7265x 18-channel spectral sensor and Osram SFH 4737 broadband infrared LED’s. Synchronizing an image sensor and spectral sensor augments a standard RGB image with light spectrum information; capturing the light distribution information normally lost in RGB image capture. Sutherland et al. [1] used this novel spectral camera to examine the dorsal surface of juvenile lobsters as a possible pre-moult detector. Having the image and spectrum in combination allowed the incomplete and unmineralized post-moult dorsal surface to be characterized with 86.7% accuracy for the first time. A proposed application for the spectral camera is to omit the local SFH 4737 light source and use the camera in daylight, effectively making a low-cost substitute hyperspectral snapshot camera. In this configuration the camera may have application for low-cost drone deployment for small scale agriculture.

通过使用 Jetson Nano 同步索尼 IMX219 NOIR 自动对焦图像传感器、AMS AS7265x 18 通道光谱传感器和欧司朗 SFH 4737 宽带红外 LED,制造出了一款可用于近红外光谱分析的低成本新型光谱相机。图像传感器和光谱传感器的同步使用可利用光谱信息增强标准 RGB 图像;捕捉通常在 RGB 图像捕捉中丢失的光分布信息。萨瑟兰等人[1]使用这种新型光谱相机检测幼龙虾的背表面,作为可能的蜕皮前检测器。结合图像和光谱,首次以 86.7% 的准确率确定了蜕皮后不完整和未矿化的背表面特征。光谱照相机的一个拟议应用是省略当地的 SFH 4737 光源,在日光下使用照相机,从而有效地制造出低成本的替代高光谱快照照相机。在这种配置下,该相机可用于小规模农业的低成本无人机部署。
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引用次数: 0
A modular, isolated high-voltage switch for application in ion mobility spectrometry 应用于离子迁移谱仪的模块化隔离高压开关
IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00574
Martin Lippmann, Moritz Hitzemann, Jonas Winkelholz, David Bailey, Stefan Zimmermann

Ion mobility spectrometry is an emerging technology in trace gas analysis that has moved from typical safety and security applications to many other fields ranging from environmental and food quality monitoring to medicine and life sciences. Nevertheless, further dissemination, including the development of new instruments and the expansion into new fields of application requires the availability of the fundamental components of ion mobility spectrometers. For example, the electronics is essential for the analytical performance, but is only provided by specialized manufacturers due to specific requirements. In this paper, we present a modular, isolated high-voltage switch that can be operated at an isolated potential. The modular design enables tailoring its configuration to the required application. Each module can switch a voltage of up to 3 kV, and can be operated with an offset voltage of up to 7 kV. The switch has rise and fall times of less than 25 ns, making it suitable for a wide range of applications, e.g., in ion mobility spectrometry. Finally, the presented modular, isolated high-voltage switch was used in a push–pull configuration to generate the injection pulse of the ion gate. The new modular, isolated high-voltage switch shows similar performance compared to a commercially available high-voltage switch.

离子迁移谱法是痕量气体分析领域的一项新兴技术,其应用已从典型的安全和安保领域扩展到从环境和食品质量监测到医学和生命科学等许多其他领域。然而,要进一步推广,包括开发新仪器和扩展到新的应用领域,就必须具备离子迁移谱仪的基本组件。例如,电子元件对分析性能至关重要,但由于特殊要求,只有专业制造商才能提供。在本文中,我们介绍了一种可在隔离电位下操作的模块化隔离高压开关。模块化设计使其能够根据所需应用进行定制配置。每个模块可切换高达 3 kV 的电压,并可在高达 7 kV 的偏移电压下运行。开关的上升和下降时间小于 25 ns,因此适用于广泛的应用,例如离子迁移率光谱分析。最后,所介绍的模块化隔离高压开关被用于推挽式配置,以产生离子闸门的注入脉冲。与市场上销售的高压开关相比,新型模块化隔离高压开关显示出相似的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Plasma-based optical fiber tapering rig 基于等离子体的光纤锥形钻机
IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00578
L.F. Granados-Zambrano , J.P. Korterik , J.M. Estudillo-Ayala , R. Rojas Laguna , D. Jauregui-Vazquez , H.L. Offerhaus , J.A. Alvarez-Chavez

Optical fiber tapers have been widely proposed and demonstrated as reliable optical fiber structures for sensing, lasers, and supercontinuum generation applications. This paper proposes an innovative approach to fabricating optical fiber tapers using plasma as the heat source. From our literature review, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that plasma has been used as the heat source for producing optical fiber tapers. The system is not intricate and simple to replicate. Moreover, the elements involved make this machine attractive to research groups devoted to optical fibers. The setup consistently generates robust biconical optical fiber tapers. A typical waist of ∼8 μm and taper lengths ranging from 3 to 15 mm are achieved. Our results showed tapers with interference fringes up to 12 dB, from 1465 nm to 1599 nm. Furthermore, the statistical evaluation presented demonstrates a good level of reproducibility in our tapering process.

光纤锥体作为可靠的光纤结构已被广泛提出和证明,可用于传感、激光和超连续发生等应用。本文提出了一种利用等离子体作为热源制造光纤锥体的创新方法。根据我们查阅的文献,就我们所知,这是首次使用等离子体作为热源来制造光纤锥体。该系统并不复杂,复制起来也很简单。此外,该设备所涉及的要素对致力于光纤研究的团体也很有吸引力。该装置可持续生成坚固的双锥光纤锥体。典型的腰围为 ∼8 μm,锥度长度为 3 至 15 mm。我们的研究结果表明,从 1465 纳米到 1599 纳米,锥形光纤的干涉条纹可达 12 dB。此外,统计评估表明,我们的锥形工艺具有良好的可重复性。
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引用次数: 0
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