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An open source ultrasonic flowmeter for monitoring the input/output flow rates of wastewater treatment plants 一个开源的超声波流量计,用于监测污水处理厂的输入/输出流量。
IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00613
Hélène Guyard , Stéphanie Prost-Boucle , Julien Sudre , Sylvain Moreau , Arnold Imig , Gabrielle Favreau , Valerie Quatela , Remi Clement
Sensors play an important role in both the continuous monitoring and intermittent analyses, which are essential for the study of wastewater treatment plant management and conducting related research. Given the significant environmental impact of the issues involved, accurate measurement of the volume of water flowing into and out of treatment plants is a key parameter for plant management, ecotoxicological studies and academic research programs. Traditionally, flow measurements have been based on calibrated weirs or venturi flumes, using water level measurements for conversion into flow, according to established relationships. In this article, the authors propose an innovative approach to explore the feasibility of developing an open-source, reparable and cost-effective data logger for flow monitoring using ultrasonic technology. By leveraging Arduino modules and a complementary Grove shield, the proposed data logger offers seamless integration and affordability. In particular, it features an on-board web server to facilitate data collection and device testing, offering accessibility through Wi-Fi connectivity with smartphones or computers. The authors demonstrate the effectiveness of their flowmeter by comparing its performance with that of a commercial reference flowmeter, yielding a maximum permissible measurement error of 0.6 mm on the water level measurement. Furthermore, they demonstrate the durability and reliability of the developed data logger through extensive field-testing over a 9-month period.
传感器在连续监测和间歇分析中都发挥着重要的作用,对污水处理厂管理的研究和相关研究至关重要。考虑到所涉及的问题对环境的重大影响,准确测量流入和流出处理厂的水量是工厂管理、生态毒理学研究和学术研究计划的关键参数。传统上,流量测量是基于校准堰或文丘里水槽,根据已建立的关系,使用水位测量将其转换为流量。在本文中,作者提出了一种创新的方法来探索开发一种开源的、可修复的、具有成本效益的超声波流量监测数据记录仪的可行性。通过利用Arduino模块和互补的Grove屏蔽,拟议的数据记录器提供无缝集成和可负担性。特别值得一提的是,它配备了机载web服务器,便于数据收集和设备测试,并可通过Wi-Fi连接智能手机或电脑。作者通过将其性能与商业参考流量计的性能进行比较,证明了该流量计的有效性,在水位测量中产生的最大允许测量误差为0.6 mm。此外,通过为期9个月的广泛现场测试,他们证明了开发的数据记录仪的耐用性和可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
Customizable large-scale HPLC fraction collection using low-cost 3D printing 使用低成本3D打印,可定制大规模HPLC馏分收集。
IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00612
William J. Crandall , Marco Caputo , Lewis Marquez , Zachery R. Jarrell , Cassandra L. Quave
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an invaluable technique that has been used for many decades for the separation of various molecules. The reproducible collection of eluates from these systems has been significantly improved via its automation by fraction collection systems. Current commercially available fraction collectors are not easily customizable, incompatible with other platforms, and come with a large cost barrier making them inaccessible to many researchers. Here we present the efficient construction of a low-cost customizable fraction collector that can easily be paired to any HPLC system. Notably, it supports significantly larger volumes for collection than commercial alternatives. Using a hobbyist-grade three-dimensional (3D) printer (Creality Ender 3 Pro) and aluminum extrusions, the fraction collector can be built for less than $280 USD. An additional graphical user interface (GUI) enables simple programming of the collection methods, requiring no coding experience to operate the collector. The presented fraction collector can be highly customized and use collection vessels as large as 470 mL (80x), facilitating repeated collection at a preparatory scale. The use of this platform will increase the reproducibility of scalable and iterative fraction collection methods while removing the cost barrier and allowing for a high degree of customizability.
高效液相色谱(HPLC)是一种宝贵的技术,已用于分离各种分子几十年。通过分数收集系统的自动化,这些系统中洗脱液的可重复性收集得到了显着改善。目前商业上可用的馏分收集器不容易定制,与其他平台不兼容,并且具有很大的成本障碍,使许多研究人员无法使用。在这里,我们提出了一个低成本的可定制的馏分收集器,可以很容易地配对到任何高效液相色谱系统的有效建设。值得注意的是,它支持比商业替代品大得多的收集量。使用业余爱好者级三维(3D)打印机(Creality Ender 3 Pro)和铝型材,馏分收集器的建造成本不到280美元。额外的图形用户界面(GUI)支持对收集方法进行简单的编程,不需要编码经验就可以操作收集器。所提出的馏分收集器可以高度定制,并使用收集容器大470毫升(80倍),便于在预备规模上重复收集。该平台的使用将增加可扩展和迭代分数收集方法的可重复性,同时消除成本障碍,并允许高度的可定制性。
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引用次数: 0
Automated entrance monitoring to investigate honey bee foraging trips using open-source wireless platform and fiducial tags 使用开源无线平台和基准标签的自动入口监控来调查蜜蜂觅食之旅
IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00609
Diego Penaloza-Aponte , Sarabeth Brandt , Erin Dent , Robyn M. Underwood , Benedict DeMoras , Selina Bruckner , Margarita M. López-Uribe , Julio V. Urbina
Honey bee foraging is a complex behavior because it involves tens of thousands of organisms making decisions about where to collect pollen and nectar based on the quality of resources and the distance to flowers. Studying this aspect of their biology is possible through direct observations but the large number of individuals involved in this behavior makes the implementation of technologies ideal to scale up this type of study. Consequently, there is a need for instruments that can facilitate accurate assessments of honey bee foraging at the colony level. To address this need, this work aimed to develop an automated imaging system for monitoring the in-and-out activity of honey bee foragers as they walk through a customized entrance with a camera sensor at the hive entrance. We used AprilTags attached to each bee’s thorax to provide unique identification numbers that allowed the system to track in-and-out events throughout the foraging season of the colony. Our design relies on low-cost Raspberry Pi computers and cameras, along with commercially off-the-shelf components, making it easily reproducible with the open-source documentation provided. We successfully deployed and evaluated our system in six locations, demonstrating consistent results. In this paper, we present the details about the development of the system, data collected from multiple colonies, and post-processing analysis from one of our apiaries. Our results highlight the system’s effectiveness in monitoring honey bee trips, capturing various behaviors associate with their activities outside the colony, which lay the groundwork for future estimations of foraging distances.
蜜蜂觅食是一种复杂的行为,因为它涉及到成千上万的生物根据资源的质量和距离花朵的距离来决定在哪里收集花粉和花蜜。通过直接观察来研究它们生物学的这一方面是可能的,但参与这种行为的大量个体使得技术的实施成为扩大这类研究的理想选择。因此,需要一种能够在蜂群水平上对蜜蜂觅食进行准确评估的仪器。为了满足这一需求,这项工作旨在开发一种自动成像系统,用于监测蜜蜂觅食者在蜂巢入口处通过一个定制的入口时的进出活动。我们将四月标签贴在每只蜜蜂的胸部,以提供唯一的识别号码,使系统能够跟踪整个群体觅食季节的进进出出事件。我们的设计依赖于低成本的树莓派电脑和相机,以及商业上现成的组件,使得它很容易通过提供的开源文档进行复制。我们成功地在六个地点部署和评估了我们的系统,并展示了一致的结果。在本文中,我们介绍了该系统的开发细节,从多个菌落收集的数据,以及从我们的一个养蜂场进行的后处理分析。我们的研究结果强调了该系统在监测蜜蜂旅行方面的有效性,捕捉了与它们在蜂群外活动相关的各种行为,这为未来估计觅食距离奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “A customizable digital holographic microscope” [HardwareX 19 (2024) e00569] “可定制的数字全息显微镜”的勘误表[HardwareX 19 (2024) e00569]。
IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00586
Claudia Ravasio , Luca Teruzzi , Mirko Siano , Llorenç Cremonesi , Bruno Paroli , Marco A.C. Potenza
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引用次数: 0
Design and manufacture of a low-cost 3D-printed laboratory device to measure the hyperelastic properties of polymeric films with small form factor suitable for medical devices 设计和制造一种低成本的3d打印实验室设备,用于测量适合医疗设备的小尺寸聚合物薄膜的超弹性特性。
IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00608
Hemanta Dulal, Seyedhamidreza Alaie
Hyperelastic materials are extensively incorporated in medical implants and microelectromechanical systems due to their large, elastic, recoverable strains. However, their mechanical properties are sensitive to processing parameters that may lead to inconsistent characterization. Various test setups have been employed for characterizing hyperelastic materials; however, they are often costly. Recent advancements in additive manufacturing and open-source software/hardware suggest the possibility of simpler solutions in research settings for characterizing them; raising the question of whether one can characterize these materials with low-cost tools and tests that take advantage of soft and small form-factor samples. Here, the authors investigate the potential of an open-source, 3D-printed test system designed for characterizing such materials. This system is tailored for small form-factor samples (sub-mm thickness) and large elastic deformations, common in polymeric parts of minimally invasive implants. The authors developed parts using additive manufacturing for uniaxial and planar tension testing, with a low-cost image correlation method adapted for measuring large strains. Polydimethylsiloxane was chosen for demonstration of a two-parameter Mooney–Rivlin model, due to its documentation and use in biocompatible devices. The estimated Young’s and shear moduli were repeatable and consistent with the literature. Curve-fitting was challenging and dependent on the optimization choices, when data points were limited, consistent with prior reports. However, with a large number of data points and ideal optimization error choice, C1 and C2 were found to be close to those reported previously. This work demonstrates a low-cost, 3D-printed, open-source test setup for characterizing hyperelastic materials using a two-parameter Mooney–Rivlin model with reasonable accuracy.
超弹性材料由于其大的、弹性的、可恢复的应变而广泛地应用于医疗植入物和微机电系统中。然而,它们的机械性能对加工参数很敏感,可能导致表征不一致。各种测试装置已被用于表征超弹性材料;然而,它们往往是昂贵的。增材制造和开源软件/硬件的最新进展表明,在研究环境中,有可能有更简单的解决方案来表征它们;这就提出了一个问题,即人们是否可以用低成本的工具和测试来表征这些材料,这些工具和测试利用了柔软和小尺寸的样品。在这里,作者研究了一种开源的3d打印测试系统的潜力,这种测试系统旨在表征这种材料。该系统适用于小尺寸样品(亚毫米厚度)和大弹性变形,这在微创植入物的聚合物部件中很常见。作者利用增材制造技术开发了用于单轴和平面张力测试的零件,并采用了适合于测量大应变的低成本图像相关方法。聚二甲基硅氧烷被选择用于演示双参数Mooney-Rivlin模型,因为它的文档和在生物相容性设备中的使用。估计的杨氏模量和剪切模量是可重复的,与文献一致。曲线拟合具有挑战性,并且依赖于优化选择,当数据点有限时,与先前的报告一致。然而,通过大量的数据点和理想的优化误差选择,我们发现c1和c2与之前的报告接近。这项工作展示了一种低成本、3d打印、开源的测试装置,用于使用具有合理精度的双参数Mooney-Rivlin模型来表征超弹性材料。
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引用次数: 0
Low cost, portable, 3D printable tissue precision slicer 低成本、便携式 3D 可打印组织精密切片机
IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00611
Beatriz Martinez-Martin , Isabella Lambros , Lukas Nuesslein , Yubing Sun
Slicing tissue samples into thin pieces is commonly used in histology analysis and more recently for organotypic culture when tissue samples are sliced alive. Currently available devices for slicing tissue samples are either designed for fixed tissue samples at low cryogenic temperatures (e.g., Cryostats), or bulky and expensive (e.g., vibratome), preventing them from routine lab usage. Here we report a cost-effective device designed to section live tissues for subsequent culture. This device consists of components crafted from 3D-printed Nylon-12- a material suitable for autoclaving to ensure sterility. Its small footprint enhances portability, allowing for convenient placement within a biosafety cabinet for an added layer of sterility assurance. Using human pluripotent stem cells derived brain organoids as an example, we demonstrated that the device both precisely and accurately makes slices. We further validate its suitability for long-term culture by extended tissue culture following slicing. Our results indicate that brain organoid slices are viable and show improved proliferation rate compared with unsliced organoids.
将组织样本切成薄片通常用于组织学分析,最近还用于活体组织样本的器官分型培养。目前可用的组织切片设备要么是为低温固定组织样本而设计的(如低温恒温器),要么是笨重昂贵的(如振荡器),因此无法在实验室中常规使用。在此,我们报告了一种经济高效的装置,该装置设计用于切片活组织以进行后续培养。该装置由 3D 打印尼龙-12(一种适合高压灭菌以确保无菌的材料)制成的部件组成。该装置占地面积小,便于携带,可方便地放置在生物安全柜中,以增加一层无菌保证。我们以人类多能干细胞衍生的脑器质性组织为例,证明了该装置能精确地制作切片。通过切片后的扩展组织培养,我们进一步验证了其长期培养的适用性。我们的研究结果表明,与未切片的器官组织相比,脑器官组织切片具有活力,并显示出更高的增殖率。
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引用次数: 0
Low-cost automated cell counting module fabricated using CNC milling and soft lithography 利用数控铣削和软光刻技术制造的低成本自动细胞计数模块
IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00605
Takanobu Takenouchi , Yuta Iijima , Kazuyo Ito , Daisuke Yoshino
Cell counting is one of the basic and essential procedures that researchers in cell biology, bioengineering, and other related fields learn at the outset. Systems based on various measurement principles are commercially available, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of performance, cost, and footprint. Herein, we developed a cost-effective, scalable, and compact module that enables cell counting with reasonable accuracy, throughput, and sensitivity. This cell counting module had a size of 29 × 48 × 16 mm and a cost of $165 USD. The module can be assembled by simply inserting commercially available optical and electronic components into a housing printed by CNC milling and soft lithography. To take full advantage of this module, we built an automated cell counting system using open-source and commercially available development platforms. The module exhibited a measurement accuracy (i.e., guaranteed accuracy in the concentration range of 0–500 cells/µL) and sorting resolution (i.e., selection of particles with diameters of 5 µm and 15 µm) tolerable for cellular experiments. This low-cost and small-size module can be a sufficient replacement for a routine system in cell experiments. We anticipate our work will benefit research fields such as cell biology and bioengineering.
细胞计数是细胞生物学、生物工程和其他相关领域研究人员一开始就必须掌握的基本程序之一。市场上有基于各种测量原理的系统,它们在性能、成本和占地面积方面各有优缺点。在此,我们开发了一种成本效益高、可扩展且结构紧凑的模块,它能以合理的精度、吞吐量和灵敏度进行细胞计数。该细胞计数模块的尺寸为 29 × 48 × 16 毫米,成本为 165 美元。只需将市售的光学和电子元件插入通过数控铣和软光刻技术印制的外壳中,即可组装该模块。为了充分发挥该模块的优势,我们利用开源和市售开发平台构建了一个自动细胞计数系统。该模块具有细胞实验所能承受的测量精度(即在 0-500 个细胞/微升的浓度范围内保证精度)和分拣分辨率(即选择直径为 5 微米和 15 微米的颗粒)。这种低成本、小尺寸的模块足以替代细胞实验中的常规系统。我们预计,我们的工作将有利于细胞生物学和生物工程等研究领域。
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引用次数: 0
SuMOS, a submerged microscope for observing substrates: Studying benthic activity in aquatic environments SuMOS 水下显微镜,用于观察底质:研究水生环境中的底栖生物活动
IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00610
Jens Wira, Allen R. Place
Described here is the construction of a low-cost, standalone underwater camera system designed for recording processes occurring on aquatic substrates. The Submerged Microscope for Observing Substrates (SuMOS) utilizes a Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W paired with a Raspberry Pi Camera Module v3 NoIR, with IR illumination for low-light situations. It features a waterproof housing inspired by the open-source PipeCam project, with enhancements for sealing and substrate mounting. The SuMOS system operates autonomously, capturing high-resolution images at fixed intervals under various lighting conditions. Tests in the Choptank River of Maryland demonstrated the system’s robustness in capturing patterns of amphipod activity under challenging optical conditions. This versatile tool offers a scalable solution for highly time-resolved, in situ studies of processes occurring at the interface of the aquatic/solid surface boundaries. The SuMOS provides significant advantages in cost, ease of deployment, and data collection.
这里描述的是一个低成本、独立的水下摄像系统的构造,旨在记录水生基质上发生的过程。用于观察底质的水下显微镜(SuMOS)使用了 Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W 和 Raspberry Pi Camera Module v3 NoIR,其中红外照明适用于弱光环境。其防水外壳的设计灵感来自开源的 PipeCam 项目,并对密封性和基底安装进行了改进。SuMOS 系统可自主运行,在各种照明条件下以固定间隔捕捉高分辨率图像。在马里兰州 Choptank 河进行的测试表明,该系统能够在极具挑战性的光学条件下捕捉片脚类动物的活动模式。这种多功能工具为高度时间分辨的现场研究水生生物/固体表面边界的过程提供了一种可扩展的解决方案。SuMOS 在成本、易于部署和数据收集方面具有显著优势。
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引用次数: 0
Open-source insect camera trap with vibrational detection and luring for monitoring Stictocephala basalis (Walker, Hemiptera: Membracidae: Smiliinae) 用于监测 Stictocephala basalis (Walker, Hemiptera: Membracidae: Smiliinae) 的具有振动探测和引诱功能的开源昆虫照相机诱捕器
IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00604
Vincent Vaughn , Andrew Ensinger , Edwin Harris , Elijah Shumway , Rachele Nieri , Vaughn Walton , John Selker , Chet Udell
We have developed a novel device for automatic sensing, luring, and imaging insects that use substrate-borne vibrational signals for identifying and locating mating partners. The device is capable of measuring the activity patterns of these insects in a local area. It is intended to be used for monitoring pest insects; the current version of the device focuses on the treehopper species Stictocephala basalis (Walker, Hemiptera: Membracidae: Smiliinae) that may serve as a vector for Grapevine Red Blotch Disease. The device detects male treehoppers by sensing their mating calls using a piezoelectric contact microphone attached to a host plant, and lures them towards an imaging area by playing a prerecorded female mating call using a vibration exciter. This work is significant because previous efforts towards agricultural pest monitoring through biotremology methods has achieved only limited practical application. The trap has successfully detected and recorded wild treehopper mating calls and activity patterns, and it provides a pathway towards targeted, non-toxic pest control of various insect species that use vibrational communication. The system may be adapted to physically trap insects or alter damaging behavior in various cropping systems.
我们开发了一种用于自动感应、引诱和成像昆虫的新型装置,这些昆虫利用基底振动信号来识别和定位交配对象。该装置能够测量这些昆虫在局部区域的活动模式。该装置旨在用于监测害虫;当前版本的装置主要针对树蚱蜢物种 Stictocephala basalis(沃克,半翅目:膜翅目:Smiliinae),该物种可能是葡萄红斑病的病媒。该装置通过使用连接在寄主植物上的压电接触式麦克风感应雄性树跳虫的交配叫声来检测它们,并通过使用振动激励器播放预先录制的雌性交配叫声将它们引诱到成像区域。这项工作意义重大,因为以前通过生物remology 方法监测农业害虫的工作仅取得了有限的实际应用。该诱捕器成功地检测和记录了野生树蝉类的交配叫声和活动模式,并为利用振动通信对各种昆虫物种进行有针对性的无毒害虫控制提供了途径。该系统可用于物理诱捕昆虫或改变各种耕作系统中的破坏行为。
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引用次数: 0
Ardulake temperature profiler: An open-source, low-cost, automated monitoring system to unravel the mixing behavior of lakes Ardulake 温度剖面仪:用于揭示湖泊混合行为的开源、低成本自动监测系统
IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00606
Guillermo Goyenola, Javier García-Climent
Understanding the thermal classification of lakes based on mixing regimes is fundamental in limnology. Although this classification has traditionally been considered well-established, recent studies highlight variations in the mixing behaviors of ponds and shallow lakes. This paper introduces the Ardulake temperature profiler, an innovative, simple, and autonomous high-frequency temperature monitoring system designed for shallow to moderately deep lakes (3.5 to 10 m). Utilizing Arduino technology and GPRS telemetry, the system is cost-effective, with electronic components and sensors costing approximately USD 250 and buoy construction and deployment around USD 1000. The Ardulake enables real-time environmental temperature monitoring and data storage on an online platform for subsequent analysis and visualization. The collected data supports ecosystem research and the numerical modeling of thermal behavior in lakes. Key strengths of the system include low production and maintenance costs, replicability, and customization capabilities. Challenges, such as interference from animal activity, are addressed with recommended preventive measures tailored to specific fauna. Overall, the Ardulake temperature profiler offers a practical tool for advancing limnological research, with potential for modification to various environmental monitoring objectives.
了解基于混合机制的湖泊热分类是湖沼学的基础。虽然这种分类方法历来被认为是行之有效的,但最近的研究突出显示了池塘和浅水湖泊混合行为的变化。本文介绍了 Ardulake 温度剖面仪,这是一种创新、简单、自主的高频温度监测系统,专为浅至中等深度的湖泊(3.5 米至 10 米)而设计。该系统利用 Arduino 技术和 GPRS 遥测技术,成本效益高,电子元件和传感器成本约为 250 美元,浮标建造和部署成本约为 1000 美元。Ardulake 可实现实时环境温度监测,并将数据存储在在线平台上,供后续分析和可视化使用。收集到的数据可为生态系统研究和湖泊热行为数值建模提供支持。该系统的主要优势包括低生产和维护成本、可复制性和定制能力。针对动物活动的干扰等挑战,该系统提出了针对特定动物的预防措施建议。总之,Ardulake 温度剖面仪为推进湖泊学研究提供了一个实用工具,并具有根据各种环境监测目标进行修改的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
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