Pub Date : 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00733
Pedro Fornaro , Jacopo Ramello , Facundo Daniel Mosquera , Giuseppe Giorgi , John Vincent Ringwood
This article presents a detailed description, and step-by-step process, required to build a small-scale wave energy tank demonstrator (Tiny-T). The system consists of an operative wave energy converter (WEC) with active control, representing the first demonstration of electronic WEC control at 1/100 scale. A key feature of Tiny-T is that the full demonstration system costs below €600. This document provides complete details on the materials, construction, and testing of the system, as well as aspects related to the appeal of the demonstration. As an experimental platform, Tiny-T represents a valuable resource for introductory research inquiries, catering to both high school and university-level studies. Overall, Tiny-T accessibility opens doors for a broader audience to engage with the promising potential of wave energy and real-time control technologies.
{"title":"Tiny-T: A small-scale demonstration tank for real-time wave energy control","authors":"Pedro Fornaro , Jacopo Ramello , Facundo Daniel Mosquera , Giuseppe Giorgi , John Vincent Ringwood","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents a detailed description, and step-by-step process, required to build a small-scale wave energy tank demonstrator (Tiny-T). The system consists of an operative wave energy converter (WEC) with active control, representing the first demonstration of electronic WEC control at 1/100 scale. A key feature of Tiny-T is that the full demonstration system costs below €600. This document provides complete details on the materials, construction, and testing of the system, as well as aspects related to the appeal of the demonstration. As an experimental platform, Tiny-T represents a valuable resource for introductory research inquiries, catering to both high school and university-level studies. Overall, Tiny-T accessibility opens doors for a broader audience to engage with the promising potential of wave energy and real-time control technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article e00733"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00730
Thomas Nesmith , Gagan D. Gupta , Darius G. Rackus
The OpenPore pulse generator is a battery powered, portable exponential decay pulse generator for performing mammalian cell electroporation. Electroporation is a common technique for transporting molecular cargo such as plasmid DNA through cell membranes. The system achieves this by providing a 0–330 V range with manual charge, pulse, and safe discharge controls as well as digital display indicating the stored voltage level. This is powered by two batteries (9 V and 1.5 V) allowing for a compact, lightweight system which can be implemented in a variety of settings based on experimental demands. When used in conjunction with a 0.4 cm commercial electroporation cuvette, transfection efficiencies comparable to commercially available systems are achieved.
{"title":"OpenPore: A low-cost, portable, battery-powered exponential decay pulse generator for electroporation","authors":"Thomas Nesmith , Gagan D. Gupta , Darius G. Rackus","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The OpenPore pulse generator is a battery powered, portable exponential decay pulse generator for performing mammalian cell electroporation. Electroporation is a common technique for transporting molecular cargo such as plasmid DNA through cell membranes. The system achieves this by providing a 0–330 V range with manual charge, pulse, and safe discharge controls as well as digital display indicating the stored voltage level. This is powered by two batteries (9 V and 1.5 V) allowing for a compact, lightweight system which can be implemented in a variety of settings based on experimental demands. When used in conjunction with a 0.4 cm commercial electroporation cuvette, transfection efficiencies comparable to commercially available systems are achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article e00730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00731
Cong Toai Truong , Trung Dat Phan , Ly Xuan Truong Pham , Huy Hung Nguyen , Tan Tien Nguyen , Van Tu Duong
In contemporary times, as air pollution becomes increasingly severe, the challenge for healthcare in addressing respiratory-related diseases has become more urgent than ever. To assist in researching the domain of medical equipment and education training, this paper aims to create a blower-based breath simulator (BBS) for the physiological processes of spontaneous breathing by using low-cost materials and easy-to-build hardware. Specifically, the BBS focuses on providing a representation of breathing patterns, lung compliance, and airway resistance. Notably, the BBS is built on a portable 3D printable components-based structure designed for fast installation, offering direct control of breathing modes, and can be operated for a long time. Besides, the experimental test is built according to ISO 806601-2-79:2018, with testing on a dual adult training test lung from Michigan Instruments for peak inspiratory pressure, respiratory rate, positive end-expiratory pressure, tidal volume, proximal pressure, lung pressure, and demonstrating repeatability. As a result, the BBS meets initial design criteria, which comprise being lightweight, approximately 1.5 kg for the ventilator unit, and low cost, around $650 per unit, fast production time, approximately 100 continuous hours for 3D printing, and 105 h in total for the complete prototype process.
{"title":"Design of a low-cost, portable blower-based breath simulator using 3D printing for respiratory research and education","authors":"Cong Toai Truong , Trung Dat Phan , Ly Xuan Truong Pham , Huy Hung Nguyen , Tan Tien Nguyen , Van Tu Duong","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In contemporary times, as air pollution becomes increasingly severe, the challenge for healthcare in addressing respiratory-related diseases has become more urgent than ever. To assist in researching the domain of medical equipment and education training, this paper aims to create a blower-based breath simulator (BBS) for the physiological processes of spontaneous breathing by using low-cost materials and easy-to-build hardware. Specifically, the BBS focuses on providing a representation of breathing patterns, lung compliance, and airway resistance. Notably, the BBS is built on a portable 3D printable components-based structure designed for fast installation, offering direct control of breathing modes, and can be operated for a long time. Besides, the experimental test is built according to ISO 806601-2-79:2018, with testing on a dual adult training test lung from Michigan Instruments for peak inspiratory pressure, respiratory rate, positive end-expiratory pressure, tidal volume, proximal pressure, lung pressure, and demonstrating repeatability. As a result, the BBS meets initial design criteria, which comprise being lightweight, approximately 1.5 kg for the ventilator unit, and low cost, around $650 per unit, fast production time, approximately 100 continuous hours for 3D printing, and 105 h in total for the complete prototype process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article e00731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00732
Mario Aguilera-Ruiz , Alejandro Galaviz-Mosqueda , Benjamín Jaramillo-Ávila , Salvador Villarreal-Reyes
Mathematical modeling and simulation of aerial robotic systems (ARS) constitute a highly relevant field in domains such as smart cities and Industry 4.0. In this context, validating algorithm performance under real-world conditions remains essential. However, real-world testing presents several challenges, including the isolation of scenario-specific effects on algorithm performance.
In this paper, we introduce the Low-Cost, Open-Access Sensorized Aerial Robot Multirotor Testing Operational Platform (ARMTOP). The ARMTOP features a gyroscope mounted on a fixed frame, allowing precise testing of pitch, yaw, and roll angles. Additionally, it integrates a Wi-Fi-based communication module for both sending commands and receiving onboard IMU data. The platform also includes a Graphical User Interface (GUI) for real-time visualization of IMU data, with the capability to export received data for offline analysis (e.g., feature extraction). The components of ARMTOP are developed using open-access frameworks, enhancing the platform’s replicability for further customization and development.
{"title":"Low-cost, open-access sensorized aerial robot multirotor testing operational platform","authors":"Mario Aguilera-Ruiz , Alejandro Galaviz-Mosqueda , Benjamín Jaramillo-Ávila , Salvador Villarreal-Reyes","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mathematical modeling and simulation of aerial robotic systems (ARS) constitute a highly relevant field in domains such as smart cities and Industry 4.0. In this context, validating algorithm performance under real-world conditions remains essential. However, real-world testing presents several challenges, including the isolation of scenario-specific effects on algorithm performance.</div><div>In this paper, we introduce the Low-Cost, Open-Access Sensorized Aerial Robot Multirotor Testing Operational Platform (ARMTOP). The ARMTOP features a gyroscope mounted on a fixed frame, allowing precise testing of pitch, yaw, and roll angles. Additionally, it integrates a Wi-Fi-based communication module for both sending commands and receiving onboard IMU data. The platform also includes a Graphical User Interface (GUI) for real-time visualization of IMU data, with the capability to export received data for offline analysis (e.g., feature extraction). The components of ARMTOP are developed using open-access frameworks, enhancing the platform’s replicability for further customization and development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article e00732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00729
A. Villarreal , J. Lazovic , S.E. Solis-Najera , R. Martin , R. Ruiz , L. Medina , A.O. Rodriguez
Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy rely on magnetic fields generated by radiofrequency (RF) volume coils for high-quality data acquisition. Understanding electromagnetic field behavior in these coils is key to optimizing imaging and designing advanced coils. This paper presents an alternative tool to validate experimental and simulated results from traditional bridge coils using a theoretical approach to derive the magnetic field B1 expression for a BC coil. The formula will be used for: (a) assessing RF coil performance for high-quality images with optimal SNR and accurate anatomical representation, and (b) guiding the development of BC coils for specific applications. To validate the model, phantom images were acquired at different resonant frequencies, and the results were compared with experimental data. The findings confirm the accuracy and effectiveness of the model, offering insights into electromagnetic field behavior and providing a framework for advancing RF coil design in MR imaging and MR spectroscopy.
{"title":"A method for designing birdcage coils based on a simplified magnetic field model, validated experimentally at 4 T, 7 T, and 15.2 T","authors":"A. Villarreal , J. Lazovic , S.E. Solis-Najera , R. Martin , R. Ruiz , L. Medina , A.O. Rodriguez","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy rely on magnetic fields generated by radiofrequency (RF) volume coils for high-quality data acquisition. Understanding electromagnetic field behavior in these coils is key to optimizing imaging and designing advanced coils. This paper presents an alternative tool to validate experimental and simulated results from traditional bridge coils using a theoretical approach to derive the magnetic field B1 expression for a BC coil. The formula will be used for: (a) assessing RF coil performance for high-quality images with optimal SNR and accurate anatomical representation, and (b) guiding the development of BC coils for specific applications. To validate the model, phantom images were acquired at different resonant frequencies, and the results were compared with experimental data. The findings confirm the accuracy and effectiveness of the model, offering insights into electromagnetic field behavior and providing a framework for advancing RF coil design in MR imaging and MR spectroscopy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article e00729"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00725
Fox Avery , Thomas Geer , Dirk Albrecht
Solid-state LED illumination systems for microscopy are generally expensive, often containing multiple LED drivers, excitation filters, and mirrors. High intensity illumination and precise timing are important for in vivo and in vitro microscopy, fluorescence imaging, and for optical stimulation. Here we present a low-cost, simplified single-wavelength LED mount with 3D printed components that achieves nearly 300 mW optical power through a plastic PMMA light guide, and 40–60 mW excitation intensity with ∼95 % flatfield uniformity at the sample, for under $70 USD. By keeping the LED light beam within the diameter of the light guide, no collecting or collimating lenses are needed. Illumination performance of the low-cost 3 W red and blue systems with passive cooling and plastic light guide match 7 W to 15 W commercial systems with active fan cooling and a liquid-filled light guide, while reducing cost over 20-fold. Additionally, low electrical power use (5 W) and small physical size enable its use in resource-limited environments and compact, battery-powered imaging devices.
{"title":"Lensless light guide-coupled LED illumination for low-cost microscopy","authors":"Fox Avery , Thomas Geer , Dirk Albrecht","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid-state LED illumination systems for microscopy are generally expensive, often containing multiple LED drivers, excitation filters, and mirrors. High intensity illumination and precise timing are important for <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> microscopy, fluorescence imaging, and for optical stimulation. Here we present a low-cost, simplified single-wavelength LED mount with 3D printed components that achieves nearly 300 mW optical power through a plastic PMMA light guide, and 40–60 mW excitation intensity with ∼95 % flatfield uniformity at the sample, for under $70 USD. By keeping the LED light beam within the diameter of the light guide, no collecting or collimating lenses are needed. Illumination performance of the low-cost 3 W red and blue systems with passive cooling and plastic light guide match 7 W to 15 W commercial systems with active fan cooling and a liquid-filled light guide, while reducing cost over 20-fold. Additionally, low electrical power use (5 W) and small physical size enable its use in resource-limited environments and compact, battery-powered imaging devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article e00725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00702
Mottaghi Maryam , M. Pearce Joshua
A glove box is a controlled environment used for a wide range of scientific experiments. While glove boxes provide significant advantages, their high economic costs ranging from over $1,000 to over $15,000 limits their accessibility in under-resourced labs. There are lower-cost DIY designs available on the internet, but they have not been well characterized nor validated. To overcome these limitations, in this study, an open source glove box design is developed for scientific applications using readily available components and digital distributed manufacturing using open-source RepRap-class 3D printers. The ability of the glove box to hold an inert atmosphere is quantified using an oxygen analyzer. The open source glove box can be customized to the dimensions of the user and the volume of the experiment. The design also enables the use of customizable transfer chambers that can be adjusted based on the scientific application. The open source glove box is built from a low-cost enclosure while preventing contamination. The highly portable device can reduce oxygen down to 19 ppm using an inert gas. The economic savings of the validated device compared to proprietary systems is over 95 %.
{"title":"Open source inert gas glove box","authors":"Mottaghi Maryam , M. Pearce Joshua","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A glove box is a controlled environment used for a wide range of scientific experiments. While glove boxes provide significant advantages, their high economic costs ranging from over $1,000 to over $15,000 limits their accessibility in under-resourced labs. There are lower-cost DIY designs available on the internet, but they have not been well characterized nor validated. To overcome these limitations, in this study, an open source glove box design is developed for scientific applications using readily available components and digital distributed manufacturing using open-source RepRap-class 3D printers. The ability of the glove box to hold an inert atmosphere is quantified using an oxygen analyzer. The open source glove box can be customized to the dimensions of the user and the volume of the experiment. The design also enables the use of customizable transfer chambers that can be adjusted based on the scientific application. The open source glove box is built from a low-cost enclosure while preventing contamination. The highly portable device can reduce oxygen down to 19 ppm using an inert gas. The economic savings of the validated device compared to proprietary systems is over 95 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article e00702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00723
Abinash Sahoo, Ryan D. DeBoskey, Venkateswaran Narayanaswamy
Camera view splitters use optical engineering to cast multiple images of a single target onto a single camera. For experiments in fluid dynamics, the ability to perform multivariate and multidimensional measurements is key to effectively studying complex thermofluidic phenomena. Generating multiple target views onto a single camera is a good way to reduce system costs by using fewer cameras. Currently, view splitting requires the purchase of expensive commercial lenses or the in-house design and fabrication of custom components, hindering the pace of research and development. Here, we provide an open-source design for a low-cost, general-purpose view splitter, providing up to four views per camera. All custom parts for the assembly are provided, which are designed for easy integration with standard optical components. Additional files are included for different view splitter orientations (designed for tomography) and the optional integration with spectral filtering. Characterization experiments were performed at multiple object distances to determine changes in image mapping quality, parallax angles, pixel density, and field-of-view (FOV). Validation is performed on a non-premixed methane/air flame, demonstrating the ability of the view splitter to perform simultaneous high-speed imaging and quantitative measurement in a practical system. This assembly has the potential to democratize access to advanced imaging capability and accelerate progress in the broader diagnostics community.
{"title":"Low-cost open-source camera view splitter (quadscope) for flow diagnostics","authors":"Abinash Sahoo, Ryan D. DeBoskey, Venkateswaran Narayanaswamy","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Camera view splitters use optical engineering to cast multiple images of a single target onto a single camera. For experiments in fluid dynamics, the ability to perform multivariate and multidimensional measurements is key to effectively studying complex thermofluidic phenomena. Generating multiple target views onto a single camera is a good way to reduce system costs by using fewer cameras. Currently, view splitting requires the purchase of expensive commercial lenses or the in-house design and fabrication of custom components, hindering the pace of research and development. Here, we provide an open-source design for a low-cost, general-purpose view splitter, providing up to four views per camera. All custom parts for the assembly are provided, which are designed for easy integration with standard optical components. Additional files are included for different view splitter orientations (designed for tomography) and the optional integration with spectral filtering. Characterization experiments were performed at multiple object distances to determine changes in image mapping quality, parallax angles, pixel density, and field-of-view (FOV). Validation is performed on a non-premixed methane/air flame, demonstrating the ability of the view splitter to perform simultaneous high-speed imaging and quantitative measurement in a practical system. This assembly has the potential to democratize access to advanced imaging capability and accelerate progress in the broader diagnostics community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article e00723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00724
Prima Wijayakusuma , Galang Persada Nurani Hakim , Bin Li
Global water scarcity, climate variability, and rising input costs are pushing agriculture toward precise, evidence-based irrigation, yet many available systems remain proprietary, expensive, and difficult to adapt. TerraGrow is an open-source, low-cost controller that runs all sensing and closed-loop irrigation locally on a single ESP32, using real-time soil moisture, pH, temperature, and humidity inputs with a Sugeno-type fuzzy policy. Its modular and ergonomic hardware with a printable enclosure, integrated pump driver, and labeled connectors lets non-experts assemble, calibrate, and service the unit quickly in the field. Compared with earlier low-cost IoT irrigation nodes, TerraGrow’s novelty lies in fully local multi-sensor fuzzy control and an easy-to-deploy form factor supported by complete and reproducible design files. Bench and greenhouse tests showed stable moisture regulation and reduced unnecessary watering, enabled by precise sensing and a consistent hardware and firmware implementation. By combining local autonomy, simple deployment, and open documentation, TerraGrow makes practical precision irrigation more accessible to resource-constrained growers.
{"title":"TerraGrow: Integrated platform for real time plant monitoring and automated watering system with IoT and fuzzy Sugeno Algorithm","authors":"Prima Wijayakusuma , Galang Persada Nurani Hakim , Bin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global water scarcity, climate variability, and rising input costs are pushing agriculture toward precise, evidence-based irrigation, yet many available systems remain proprietary, expensive, and difficult to adapt. TerraGrow is an open-source, low-cost controller that runs all sensing and closed-loop irrigation locally on a single ESP32, using real-time soil moisture, pH, temperature, and humidity inputs with a Sugeno-type fuzzy policy. Its modular and ergonomic hardware with a printable enclosure, integrated pump driver, and labeled connectors lets non-experts assemble, calibrate, and service the unit quickly in the field. Compared with earlier low-cost IoT irrigation nodes, TerraGrow’s novelty lies in fully local multi-sensor fuzzy control and an easy-to-deploy form factor supported by complete and reproducible design files. Bench and greenhouse tests showed stable moisture regulation and reduced unnecessary watering, enabled by precise sensing and a consistent hardware and firmware implementation. By combining local autonomy, simple deployment, and open documentation, TerraGrow makes practical precision irrigation more accessible to resource-constrained growers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article e00724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00720
Koami Soulemane Hayibo , Joshua M. Pearce
Environmental and energy production monitoring systems not only provide data acquisition (DAQ) but now supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) for both meteorological and solar photovoltaic (PV) research. DIY systems are often not robust enough for research and proprietary systems are often economically prohibitive. The Jericho Open Resistive Data Logger (RDL) platform bridges this gap between low-cost DIY devices and high-cost proprietary DAQs. It integrates a custom RDL, Arduino Nano, modular I2C expansion, and a Raspberry Pi for edge processing into a robust, open-source platform. Supporting multiple sensor protocols (analog, digital, resistive, I2C, SDI-12, and USB) and long-distance wired transmission, the system enables reproducible, research-grade data collection at less than half of the cost of proprietary stations. Statistical comparison of irradiance, relative humidity and temperature and wind speed were bench marked against a proprietary system and found to be well within acceptable differences for validation although wind speed was found to have the highest deviation. Two independent open-source units confirm excellent inter-device repeatability across all measured variables. By combining environmental and PV monitoring within a unified platform, Jericho Open RDL provides an accessible and adaptable solution for distributed renewable energy and environmental research.
环境和能源生产监测系统不仅提供数据采集（DAQ），现在还为气象和太阳能光伏（PV）研究提供监督控制和数据采集（SCADA）。对于研究来说，DIY系统通常不够强大，而专有系统通常在经济上令人望而却步。Jericho开放式电阻数据记录仪（RDL）平台弥补了低成本DIY设备和高成本专有daq之间的差距。它将定制的RDL、Arduino Nano、模块化I2C扩展和用于边缘处理的树莓派集成到一个强大的开源平台中。该系统支持多种传感器协议（模拟、数字、电阻、I2C、SDI-12和USB）和长距离有线传输，能够以不到专有站一半的成本进行可重复的研究级数据收集。辐照度、相对湿度、温度和风速的统计比较根据专有系统进行基准测试，发现在可接受的范围内进行验证，尽管风速有最大的偏差。两个独立的开源单元证实了所有测量变量的出色的设备间可重复性。通过在统一的平台中结合环境和光伏监测，Jericho Open RDL为分布式可再生能源和环境研究提供了一个可访问且适应性强的解决方案。
{"title":"Jericho open resistive data logger: An open-source modular weather station and monitoring system for long-term solar photovoltaic outdoor experimentation","authors":"Koami Soulemane Hayibo , Joshua M. Pearce","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental and energy production monitoring systems not only provide data acquisition (DAQ) but now supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) for both meteorological and solar photovoltaic (PV) research. DIY systems are often not robust enough for research and proprietary systems are often economically prohibitive. The Jericho Open Resistive Data Logger (RDL) platform bridges this gap between low-cost DIY devices and high-cost proprietary DAQs. It integrates a custom RDL, Arduino Nano, modular I<sup>2</sup>C expansion, and a Raspberry Pi for edge processing into a robust, open-source platform. Supporting multiple sensor protocols (analog, digital, resistive, I<sup>2</sup>C, SDI-12, and USB) and long-distance wired transmission, the system enables reproducible, research-grade data collection at less than half of the cost of proprietary stations. Statistical comparison of irradiance, relative humidity and temperature and wind speed were bench marked against a proprietary system and found to be well within acceptable differences for validation although wind speed was found to have the highest deviation. Two independent open-source units confirm excellent inter-device repeatability across all measured variables. By combining environmental and PV monitoring within a unified platform, Jericho Open RDL provides an accessible and adaptable solution for distributed renewable energy and environmental research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article e00720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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