The article aims at an analysis of memory and identity based on literary evidence, and in particular on Swahili war poetry. Starting from the assumption that identity consists in the fact that it requires a balance between self-assertion and respect for others, between difference and integration. Traditional theories have introduced a distinction between personal identities and social identities. It is not easy to determine the boundary line of where the self ends and where the non-self begins. Identity is a point of anchorage and it is for this reason that people appear to be committed to building and maintaining a feeling of themselves with all that is involved: a story, a wealth of emotions and values, individual and collective memories, a system of social roles capable of defining one's place in the world. Although identity can constitute a block to the knowledge and understanding of others, it is also true that it represents a point of reference from which to take the steps towards self-determination. In their function of handing down messages through their verses, the poets become the tools through which the other – the readers or the listener – responds. The Swahili genre of Utenzi, alias epic, seems to be suitable for examination of the message that each poet or author gives to his target of readers. I consider two islamic-based epics namely Chuo cha Herekali and Rasi ‘l Ghuli , two tenzi referring to European Colonial period, namely Vita vya Maji Maji and Vita vya Wadachi , and the epic Vita vya Kagera referring to the first war against an African enemy, namely Ugandan Idi Amin Dada.
本文旨在分析基于文学证据的记忆和身份，特别是对斯瓦希里战争诗歌。从假设身份包含这样一个事实，即它需要在自我主张和尊重他人之间，在差异和整合之间取得平衡。传统理论提出了个人身份和社会身份的区别。要确定自我的终点和非自我的起点的界线并不容易。身份是一个锚点，正是因为这个原因，人们似乎致力于建立和维持一种自我感觉，包括所有相关的东西:一个故事，丰富的情感和价值观，个人和集体的记忆，一个能够定义一个人在世界上位置的社会角色系统。虽然身份可能构成对他人的认识和理解的障碍，但它也确实是采取自决步骤的一个参照点。诗人通过诗歌传递信息的功能，使他们成为他人——读者或听众——回应的工具。斯瓦希里语体裁的乌登兹，又称史诗，似乎适合用来考察每位诗人或作者向其目标读者传递的信息。我考虑了两部以伊斯兰教为基础的史诗，即Chuo cha Herekali和Rasi ' l Ghuli，两部史诗指的是欧洲殖民时期，即Vita vya Maji Maji和Vita vya Wadachi，史诗Vita vya Kagera指的是与非洲敌人的第一次战争，即乌干达的Idi Amin Dada。
{"title":"Identity and Memory in Swahili War Verses: The Long Road to an East African Self","authors":"Graziella Acquaviva","doi":"10.13135/1825-263X/3359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/1825-263X/3359","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims at an analysis of memory and identity based on literary evidence, and in particular on Swahili war poetry. Starting from the assumption that identity consists in the fact that it requires a balance between self-assertion and respect for others, between difference and integration. Traditional theories have introduced a distinction between personal identities and social identities. It is not easy to determine the boundary line of where the self ends and where the non-self begins. Identity is a point of anchorage and it is for this reason that people appear to be committed to building and maintaining a feeling of themselves with all that is involved: a story, a wealth of emotions and values, individual and collective memories, a system of social roles capable of defining one's place in the world. Although identity can constitute a block to the knowledge and understanding of others, it is also true that it represents a point of reference from which to take the steps towards self-determination. In their function of handing down messages through their verses, the poets become the tools through which the other – the readers or the listener – responds. The Swahili genre of Utenzi, alias epic, seems to be suitable for examination of the message that each poet or author gives to his target of readers. I consider two islamic-based epics namely Chuo cha Herekali and Rasi ‘l Ghuli , two tenzi referring to European Colonial period, namely Vita vya Maji Maji and Vita vya Wadachi , and the epic Vita vya Kagera referring to the first war against an African enemy, namely Ugandan Idi Amin Dada.","PeriodicalId":37635,"journal":{"name":"Kervan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43611705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyzes the variations of the archetype of the 山姥 yamauba, or mountain witch, emerging in the work『群ら雲の村の物語』Murakumo no mura no monogatari (Story of the Village of the Clouds) by Saegusa Kazuko. The article reflects on the philosophical insight which this work brings, through a close study of the particular structure, characters and setting. In order to show how Saegusa’s work foreshadowed contemporary currents such as posthuman feminism, I will try to reread this work together with other novels and essays by the same writer by focusing on the significance of the figure of yamauba as the embodiment of a critique of anthropocentrism.
{"title":"Variations of the Yamauba Figure in Murakumo no Mura no Monogatari (1987) by Saegusa Kazuko","authors":"D. Moro","doi":"10.13135/1825-263X/3363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/1825-263X/3363","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the variations of the archetype of the 山姥 yamauba, or mountain witch, emerging in the work『群ら雲の村の物語』Murakumo no mura no monogatari (Story of the Village of the Clouds) by Saegusa Kazuko. The article reflects on the philosophical insight which this work brings, through a close study of the particular structure, characters and setting. In order to show how Saegusa’s work foreshadowed contemporary currents such as posthuman feminism, I will try to reread this work together with other novels and essays by the same writer by focusing on the significance of the figure of yamauba as the embodiment of a critique of anthropocentrism.","PeriodicalId":37635,"journal":{"name":"Kervan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46437673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article provides an overview of the social and literary revival and linguistic regeneration of the nineteenth century in Arab countries, especially in the Syro-Lebanese region. After outlining the work of the most important Lebanese lexicographers, this research focuses on the author Saʻīd al-Ḫūrī as-Sartūnī and his multiple interests. The aim of this paper is to understand the role of this author in a reform carried out by two groups of intellectuals, one conservative and one reformist, in the period called Nahda .
{"title":"Language Reform by Lebanese Lexicographers in the Nahḍa: The case of Saʻīd al-Ḫūrī aš-Šartūnī","authors":"S. Porcù","doi":"10.13135/1825-263X/3366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/1825-263X/3366","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of the social and literary revival and linguistic regeneration of the nineteenth century in Arab countries, especially in the Syro-Lebanese region. After outlining the work of the most important Lebanese lexicographers, this research focuses on the author Saʻīd al-Ḫūrī as-Sartūnī and his multiple interests. The aim of this paper is to understand the role of this author in a reform carried out by two groups of intellectuals, one conservative and one reformist, in the period called Nahda .","PeriodicalId":37635,"journal":{"name":"Kervan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49060209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pīpā was the rājā of Gagraun in Rājashān in XV century. According to his hagiography, he went to Banāras, following a divine inspiration, and became disciple of Rāmānanda. He left his kingdom together with his youngest wife, the beautiful Sītā, for living the poor and ascetic life of a sādhu . His sādhanā consisted mainly in humble service of bhakta -s, sādhu -s and poor. Although the figure of Pīpā does not have a great relevance in the history of Indian religions, nor in Hindī literature as a sant -poet, his very adventurous life inspired the hagiographers, so that his legend is one of the more extended and widespread of North Indian hagiography. This article focuses mainly on Bhaktamāl and its two main commentaries. The critical analysis of Pīpā and Sītā’s hagiography reveals how in “ bhakti religion” the concepts of dharma and vairāgya were reformulated and entirely subordinated to bhakti . Moreover, the doctrine of the identity of bhakta and Bhagavān is a fundamental key for understanding how, in bhakti movements and, consequently, in hagiography, bhakta-sevā becomes the meeting point of bhakti , dharma and vairāgya , as in the story of Pīpā and Sītā Sahcarī.
{"title":"Bhakti, dharma e vairāgya nell’agiografia di Pīpā","authors":"Pinuccia Caracchi","doi":"10.13135/1825-263X/3698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/1825-263X/3698","url":null,"abstract":"Pīpā was the rājā of Gagraun in Rājashān in XV century. According to his hagiography, he went to Banāras, following a divine inspiration, and became disciple of Rāmānanda. He left his kingdom together with his youngest wife, the beautiful Sītā, for living the poor and ascetic life of a sādhu . His sādhanā consisted mainly in humble service of bhakta -s, sādhu -s and poor. Although the figure of Pīpā does not have a great relevance in the history of Indian religions, nor in Hindī literature as a sant -poet, his very adventurous life inspired the hagiographers, so that his legend is one of the more extended and widespread of North Indian hagiography. This article focuses mainly on Bhaktamāl and its two main commentaries. The critical analysis of Pīpā and Sītā’s hagiography reveals how in “ bhakti religion” the concepts of dharma and vairāgya were reformulated and entirely subordinated to bhakti . Moreover, the doctrine of the identity of bhakta and Bhagavān is a fundamental key for understanding how, in bhakti movements and, consequently, in hagiography, bhakta-sevā becomes the meeting point of bhakti , dharma and vairāgya , as in the story of Pīpā and Sītā Sahcarī.","PeriodicalId":37635,"journal":{"name":"Kervan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42861050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Egyptian presence in the Southern Levant during the Late Bronze Age is to be considered as rooted and capillary on the territory. Nevertheless, by excluding some written sources as the Letters of el-Amarna, it is practically impossible to evaluate local perceptions and representations of who populated the region during this period. In fact, Southern Levant presents an extreme lack of human depictions and iconographies, thus Egyptian direct witnesses become very useful to provide a vivid picture of society and its prominent historical protagonists. “Asiatics” depictions on reliefs, paintings and Egyptian artifacts, give us a quite punctual idea of who the Levantines were and what they wore during this period. The paper means to focus on the analysis of the personal ornaments by which “Asians” are identified and represented, as well as on the function of ethnic, cultural and identity markers these items represent in the depictions. An iconographic and stylistic analysis will try to show the association between images and objects through material culture findings in and extra context, though bearing in mind the asymmetric vision the Egyptians had in perceiving themselves and representing other people, sometimes far more distant than it appeared.
{"title":"Depicting the others: Late Bronze Age Southern Levant’s cultural identity and adornment from the Egyptian view. Reality vs Perception","authors":"G. Tucci","doi":"10.13135/1825-263X/3358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/1825-263X/3358","url":null,"abstract":"The Egyptian presence in the Southern Levant during the Late Bronze Age is to be considered as rooted and capillary on the territory. Nevertheless, by excluding some written sources as the Letters of el-Amarna, it is practically impossible to evaluate local perceptions and representations of who populated the region during this period. In fact, Southern Levant presents an extreme lack of human depictions and iconographies, thus Egyptian direct witnesses become very useful to provide a vivid picture of society and its prominent historical protagonists. “Asiatics” depictions on reliefs, paintings and Egyptian artifacts, give us a quite punctual idea of who the Levantines were and what they wore during this period. The paper means to focus on the analysis of the personal ornaments by which “Asians” are identified and represented, as well as on the function of ethnic, cultural and identity markers these items represent in the depictions. An iconographic and stylistic analysis will try to show the association between images and objects through material culture findings in and extra context, though bearing in mind the asymmetric vision the Egyptians had in perceiving themselves and representing other people, sometimes far more distant than it appeared.","PeriodicalId":37635,"journal":{"name":"Kervan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41467030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of Lampung (Sumatra, Indonesia) sub-ethnic groups, the Pubian Lampung people, has unique and varied terms of address equipped with a set of rules to use them. However, despite the great importance of the terms of address of the Pubian dialect of the Lampung language as assets of local and national cultures that need attention, protection and development, few researchers have studied this issue. Hence, this study was aimed at investigating the terms of address used in the Pubian Lampung language. This study, which provides a descriptive analysis of the entire system of terms of address, was conducted through a qualitative approach in which the data were collected through observations and interviews. The results of this study show that the terms of address of the Pubian Lampung language include: 1. kinship terms of address based on blood relation and marriage; 2. non-kinship terms of address used to address conversation partners from the same ethnicity, newly-known/unknown conversation partners from the same ethnicity, known conversation partners from the same ethnicity, conversation partners of different ethnicities, newly-known or unknown conversation partners of different ethnicities, known conversation partners of different ethnicities; 3. terms of address based on family background which include religious, ordinary (non-noble), noble families; 4. terms of endearment; 5. terms of reference; 6. terms of address based on birth order; 7. customary title terms of address based on customary status/rank and marriage; 8. pronouns of address; 9. terms of address of proper names; and 10. religious terms of address. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study with some suggestions for future research are discussed.
{"title":"Terms of address in the Pubian dialect of Lampung (Indonesia)","authors":"Iin Sunarti, N. Sumarti, B. Riadi, G. E. Putrawan","doi":"10.13135/1825-263X/3609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/1825-263X/3609","url":null,"abstract":"One of Lampung (Sumatra, Indonesia) sub-ethnic groups, the Pubian Lampung people, has unique and varied terms of address equipped with a set of rules to use them. However, despite the great importance of the terms of address of the Pubian dialect of the Lampung language as assets of local and national cultures that need attention, protection and development, few researchers have studied this issue. Hence, this study was aimed at investigating the terms of address used in the Pubian Lampung language. This study, which provides a descriptive analysis of the entire system of terms of address, was conducted through a qualitative approach in which the data were collected through observations and interviews. The results of this study show that the terms of address of the Pubian Lampung language include: 1. kinship terms of address based on blood relation and marriage; 2. non-kinship terms of address used to address conversation partners from the same ethnicity, newly-known/unknown conversation partners from the same ethnicity, known conversation partners from the same ethnicity, conversation partners of different ethnicities, newly-known or unknown conversation partners of different ethnicities, known conversation partners of different ethnicities; 3. terms of address based on family background which include religious, ordinary (non-noble), noble families; 4. terms of endearment; 5. terms of reference; 6. terms of address based on birth order; 7. customary title terms of address based on customary status/rank and marriage; 8. pronouns of address; 9. terms of address of proper names; and 10. religious terms of address. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study with some suggestions for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":37635,"journal":{"name":"Kervan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42238920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tony K. Stewart. Witness to Marvels. Sufism and Literary Imagination (2019)","authors":"Ewa A. Łukaszyk","doi":"10.13135/1825-263X/3952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/1825-263X/3952","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37635,"journal":{"name":"Kervan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49437013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Any translator has the mission to translate a text or interpret a speech while retaining the meaning and while remaining as faithful as possible to the source text or speech. The goal of the translator is to transfer the text from the source language to the target language so that the meaning and style of writing remain the same. However, because of the differences between languages, it is often difficult to preserve an exact translation of the source text. The translator is therefore confronted with issues in his translation work, especially when it comes to figurative meanings. This article discusses some of these issues in journalistic texts. We propose in this study to examine the translation of the antithesis in some French newspapers and its translation into Arabic, thus shedding light on the way in which the translators manage their work and the different types of translation that they may be confronted with.
{"title":"Les enjeux de la traduction arabe des antithèses dans la presse française","authors":"Adnan Smadi, Shereen Kakish","doi":"10.13135/1825-263X/3608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/1825-263X/3608","url":null,"abstract":"Any translator has the mission to translate a text or interpret a speech while retaining the meaning and while remaining as faithful as possible to the source text or speech. The goal of the translator is to transfer the text from the source language to the target language so that the meaning and style of writing remain the same. However, because of the differences between languages, it is often difficult to preserve an exact translation of the source text. The translator is therefore confronted with issues in his translation work, especially when it comes to figurative meanings. This article discusses some of these issues in journalistic texts. We propose in this study to examine the translation of the antithesis in some French newspapers and its translation into Arabic, thus shedding light on the way in which the translators manage their work and the different types of translation that they may be confronted with.","PeriodicalId":37635,"journal":{"name":"Kervan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43383760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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