Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology最新文献_第10页

Investigating the Relationship Between Local and Global Coherence and Cognitive Processes in Persian-speaking Elderly Population 老年波斯语人群认知过程中局部连贯与全局连贯关系的研究

IF 1.1 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.32598/jpcp.11.1.864.1

Omid Azad

Objective: Many studies have suggested a relationship between coherence and cognitive processes. This study aims to investigate this hypothesis by assessing the relationship between cognitive variables and coherence in the discourse of 2 groups of Persian-speaking young adults and the elderly. Methods: To evaluate our participants’ cognitive capabilities, we employed the cognitive tests of the mini-mental status test, the Stroop-color task, the digit symbol copy task, the clock-drawing task, and the backward digit span. On the other hand, the specific tasks to evaluate the discourse properties of the participants were the single task of talking and the dual task of talking while walking. Results: The results demonstrated that the dual task did not impact local coherence while global coherence was significantly disrupted in both tasks. However, the global coherence scale was more negatively affected in the dual task compared to the single task. While the relationship between global coherence and cognitive variables was significant in both tasks, the relationship between global coherence and working memory measures was only significant in the dual task. Furthermore, no relationship was observed between the scale of local coherence and either cognitive or working memory measures. Conclusion: Our findings corroborate previous findings that local and global coherence is manipulated by different cognitive processes and the maintenance of global coherence requires more demanding cognitive processes and is disrupted before local coherence occurs.

目的:许多研究表明连贯与认知过程之间存在关系。本研究旨在通过评估两组波斯语青年和老年人的认知变量与语篇连贯之间的关系来验证这一假设。方法:采用小心理状态测试、Stroop-color任务、数字符号复制任务、时钟绘制任务和向后数字跨度的认知测试来评估被试的认知能力。另一方面，评估被试话语属性的具体任务是说话的单一任务和边走边说话的双重任务。结果:双任务不影响局部相干性，但整体相干性明显被破坏。然而，与单一任务相比，双重任务对整体连贯量表的负面影响更大。整体连贯性与认知变量之间的关系在两种任务中均显著，而整体连贯性与工作记忆测量之间的关系仅在双重任务中显著。此外，局部连贯的规模与认知或工作记忆测量之间没有关系。结论:我们的研究结果证实了先前的研究结果，即局部连贯和整体连贯是由不同的认知过程控制的，整体连贯的维持需要更高的认知过程，并且在局部连贯发生之前被破坏。

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引用次数: 0

The Effectiveness of Acceptance-and-Commitment-Based Parenting Training on Mood and Anxiety in Children and Self-compassion in Parents 以接纳与承诺为基础的教养训练对儿童情绪、焦虑及父母自我同情的效果

IF 1.1 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.32598/jpcp.11.1.860.1

Elaheh Ghorbanikhah, M. Mohammadyfar, S. Moradi, MohammadAgha Delavarpour

Objective: Depression and anxiety are common in children and a major cause of many illnesses and disabilities in this age group; Moreover, parents have the greatest impact on shaping the mental health and well-being of their children and there is a vast literature describing the importance of parenting factors in the development of depression and anxiety in children. Methods: We used the experimental research design in this study. The sample consisted of 34 children with depression and anxiety who were randomly allocated into ACT on parenting (intervention) and control groups via the randomization method. The intervention group received eight 2-h sessions weekly. The revised child anxiety and depression scale, parent short versions and the self-compassion scale were administered in both groups. The analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) and the repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to determine the difference between the intervention and control groups on depression, anxiety, and self-compassion. Results: ANCOVA and repeated measures ANOVA results showed clinically significant changes in depression and anxiety in children and self-compassion in parents in the intervention group (P<0.001). The Mean±SD of depression in the intervention group was 16.50±0.89 at baseline, which significantly decreased to 2.94±3.27 at post-measure and 2.25±3.35 at follow-up (P<0.001). The Mean±SD of anxiety was 18.19±1.87, which significantly decreased to 7.63±4.34 at post-measure and 7.06±4.52 at follow-up (P<0.001). Additionally, the mean and SD score of self-compassion was 56.43±3.14 in pre-intervention, which significantly improved to 97.18±3.72 in post-intervention and 98.25±4.76 at follow-up (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results show that ACT-based parenting is an effective treatment for depression and anxiety in children. This method also improves self-compassion in parents.

目的:抑郁和焦虑在儿童中很常见，是该年龄组许多疾病和残疾的主要原因;此外，父母对塑造孩子的心理健康和幸福有着最大的影响，有大量的文献描述了养育因素在儿童抑郁和焦虑发展中的重要性。方法:本研究采用实验研究设计。采用随机分组法，将34名抑郁、焦虑患儿随机分为ACT组(干预组)和对照组。干预组每周接受8次2小时的治疗。两组均采用修订后的儿童焦虑抑郁量表、家长简短版量表和自我同情量表。采用协方差分析(ANCOVA)和重复方差分析(ANOVA)来确定干预组与对照组在抑郁、焦虑和自我同情方面的差异。结果:ANCOVA和重复测量方差分析结果显示，干预组儿童抑郁、焦虑和父母自我同情发生了显著变化(P<0.001)。干预组抑郁的Mean±SD基线时为16.50±0.89，测量后为2.94±3.27，随访时为2.25±3.35 (P<0.001)。焦虑的Mean±SD为18.19±1.87，测后值为7.63±4.34，随访值为7.06±4.52 (P<0.001)。干预前自我同情的均分和SD分别为56.43±3.14分、97.18±3.72分和98.25±4.76分，差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:act为基础的育儿方法是治疗儿童抑郁和焦虑的有效方法。这种方法也能提高父母的自我同情。

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引用次数: 0

Cognitive Failure and Fear of COVID-19 认知失败和对COVID-19的恐惧

IF 1.1 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.32598/jpcp.11.1.627.2

Marzieh Hayati, G. Ahmadi, S. Lotfinia, S. Hosseini, Seyedeh Elnaz Mousavi

Objective: In this study, the authors seek to investigate the relationship between cognitive impairment and fear of COVID-19. Among the residents of Tehran Province, Iran, 415 people were selected through the available sampling method. Methods: The research data was obtained through online questionnaires that were distributed to participants via platforms, such as Instagram, WhatsApp, and Telegram. Broadbent’s cognitive failure questionnaire and the scale of fear of COVID-19 were used in this study. The obtained data were analyzed by the independent t test and stepwise regression. Results: According to the findings, the relationship between following COVID-19 news and the fear of COVID-19 is negative. Also, a positive and significant relationship exists between memory error and fear of COVID-19. Also, the standard coefficients show that despite the direction of the effect, both variables have the same power to change the dependent variable. Conclusion: The findings showed that the subscale of memory (forgetfulness) predicts the fear of COVID-19, and the existence of memory problems, false triggering, and distractibility, which are components of cognitive failure, decrease individuals’ mental health.

目的:在本研究中，作者试图探讨认知障碍与COVID-19恐惧之间的关系。在伊朗德黑兰省的居民中，通过现有的抽样方法选择了415人。方法:通过在线问卷的方式获取研究数据，通过Instagram、WhatsApp、Telegram等平台发放给参与者。本研究采用Broadbent认知失败问卷和COVID-19恐惧量表。所得数据采用独立t检验和逐步回归进行分析。结果:根据调查结果，关注新冠肺炎新闻与新冠肺炎恐惧呈负相关。记忆错误与新冠肺炎恐惧之间存在显著正相关。此外，标准系数表明，无论影响的方向如何，两个变量都具有相同的改变因变量的能力。结论:研究结果表明，记忆亚量表(健忘)预测了对COVID-19的恐惧，而认知失败的组成部分记忆问题、错误触发和注意力分散的存在会降低个体的心理健康水平。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding the Efficacy of Self-affirmation Intervention for Subclinical Depression Among Young Adults 了解自我肯定干预对青少年亚临床抑郁症的疗效

IF 1.1 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.32598/jpcp.11.1.847.1

Ruchi Pandey, Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari, Pramod Kumar Rai

Objective: This study aimed to understand the effectiveness of the Self-affirmation intervention for subclinical depression in Indian adults. Methods: We used the experimental research design. Using purposive sampling, 80 participants with subclinical depression were chosen. The participants were randomly allocated equally to experimental (intervention) and control (non-intervention) groups. Their depression was measured at 3 intervals: pre- and post-interventions and follow-up. We hypothesized that Self-affirmation intervention will show curative and preventive capacity for subclinical depression. The data were analyzed using the 3-way analysis of variance method. Results: The results revealed the significant curative power of the Self-affirmation intervention for subclinical depression of the participants in the experimental group when compared to the control group. The main effects of conditions (intervention: control and experimental) and treatment intervals (pre-, post-, and follow-up) as well as their interaction effect were significant. Mean subclinical depression scores during pre- and post-interventions and follow-up intervals confirmed the curative and prophylactic power of the intervention. Conclusion: The study findings indicated that the affirmation-based intervention carries both curative and preventive powers for subclinical depression, as reflected in the experimental group’s lower performance after the intervention and follow-up. The reverberating positive effects induced after Self-affirmation manipulation have remained active even after the intervention ended because of the underlying mechanisms of meaning, strengths, positive attributions, and beneficial social relationships that inhibit the relapse of subclinical depressive tendencies.

目的:本研究旨在了解自我肯定干预对印度成人亚临床抑郁症的有效性。方法:采用实验研究设计。采用目的抽样法，选取80名亚临床抑郁症患者。参与者被随机分配到实验组(干预组)和对照组(非干预组)。他们的抑郁分为三个阶段:干预前、干预后和随访。我们假设自我肯定干预将显示亚临床抑郁症的治疗和预防能力。采用3-way方差分析方法对数据进行分析。结果:与对照组相比，实验组自我肯定干预对亚临床抑郁症的治疗效果显著。条件(干预:对照和实验)和治疗间隔(治疗前、治疗后和随访)的主要作用及其相互作用显著。干预前后和随访期间的平均亚临床抑郁评分证实了干预的治疗和预防作用。结论:研究结果表明，以肯定为基础的干预对亚临床抑郁症具有治疗和预防作用，这体现在实验组在干预和随访后的表现较低。自我肯定操纵诱发的积极效应在干预结束后仍保持活跃，因为意义、优势、积极归因和有益的社会关系等潜在机制抑制了亚临床抑郁倾向的复发。

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引用次数: 0

Predicting Moral Reasoning With Spiritual Well-being and Personality: The Mediating Role of Empathy in Physicians and Nurses 精神幸福感和人格对道德推理的预测:医生和护士共情的中介作用

IF 1.1 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.32598/jpcp.11.1.848.1

Fateme Chitgari, A. Kianimoghadam, Farnaz Doostdari, Zahra Tavalaee Nezhad, M. Bakhtiari

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has created many problems. This paper aims to predict moral reasoning through spiritual health and personality via the mediating role of empathy in physicians and nurses. Methods: The current research is a cross-sectional analysis conducted on 320 physicians and nurses working in hospitals’ COVID-19 wards. We used the available sampling method, and the research tools included the brief form of personality inventory for The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (Krueger et al. 2012), the spiritual well-being scale (Dehshiri 2009), the defining issue test-2 (Rest et al. 1986), and the interpersonal reactivity index (Davis 1983). Results: The results of the current investigation indicated that spiritual well-being has a positive and significant effect on empathy (P<0.0001, β=0.236). Empathy has a positive and significant correlation with moral reasoning (P=0.032, β=0.117). And finally, the moral reasoning variable in the current model was calculated at 0.019. Conclusion: The current study shows that empathy can predict moral reasoning. Meanwhile, understanding the feelings of others can be more useful in judgment and decision-making. In addition, spiritual health can play an important role in empathy.

目的:新冠肺炎大流行带来了许多问题。本文旨在通过共情的中介作用，预测医生和护士的精神健康和人格对道德推理的影响。方法:本研究对320名医院新冠肺炎病房的医生和护士进行横断面分析。我们使用了可用的抽样方法，研究工具包括《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版(Krueger et al. 2012)的简要人格量表(Dehshiri 2009)、定义问题测试-2 (Rest et al. 1986)和人际反应指数(Davis 1983)。结果:本调查结果显示，精神幸福感对共情有显著的正向影响(P<0.0001， β=0.236)。共情与道德推理有显著正相关(P=0.032， β=0.117)。最后，计算出当前模型中的道德推理变量为0.019。结论:目前的研究表明，共情可以预测道德推理。同时，理解他人的感受对判断和决策更有帮助。此外，精神健康可以在移情中发挥重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Adult Sources of Self-esteem Inventory Among Iranian Students 伊朗学生波斯语版成人自尊来源量表的心理测量特征

IF 1.1 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.32598/jpcp.11.1.783.1

N. Sadeghi, Balal Ezanlu

Objective: This study aims to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the adult sources of self-esteem inventory as a cross-cultural scale for assessing self-esteem. Methods: A sample of 500 students (350 females, 150 males) were selected from Kharazmi University in Iran and they completed the Persian version of the adult sources of Elovson and Fleming’s self-esteem inventory and Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale. Results: The Cronbach α of 0.90 indicated the satisfactory reliability of the inventory. Also, the results of the explanatory factor analysis proposed 3 factors, namely the outer self, personal self, and relational self. Additionally, the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed this structure. Conclusion: The findings showed that the Persian version of the adult sources of self-esteem inventory is a suitable tool to assess sources of self-esteem and can be used in research and intervention fields in Iranian samples.

目的:本研究旨在确定波斯语版成人自尊来源量表作为一种跨文化自尊评估量表的效度和信度。方法:选取伊朗哈拉兹米大学500名大学生(女生350名，男生150名)，完成波斯语版Elovson和Fleming自尊量表及Rosenberg自尊量表成人资料。结果:Cronbach α为0.90，表明量表的信度令人满意。解释因子分析的结果提出了外在自我、个人自我和关系自我3个因素。此外，验证性因子分析证实了这一结构。结论:波斯语版成人自尊来源量表是一种适合于评价自尊来源的工具，可用于伊朗样本的研究和干预领域。

引用次数: 0

Social media to promote treatment adherence among adolescents and young adults with chronic health conditions: A topical review and TikTok application. 社交媒体促进患有慢性疾病的青少年和年轻人的治疗依从性：一篇专题综述和TikTok应用。

IF 1.1 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1037/cpp0000459

Alexandra M. Psihogios, Annisa Ahmed, Elise R McKelvey, D. Toto, Isabella Avila, Elodie Hekimian-Brogan, Zachary Steward, Lisa A Schwartz, L. Barakat

引用次数: 3

Introduction to the special issue on pediatric adherence and self-management: Topical reviews and clinical applications of evidence-based assessment and intervention. 儿科依从性和自我管理特刊简介:循证评估和干预的局部回顾和临床应用。

IF 1.1 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1037/cpp0000469

Jill M. Plevinsky, Julia K. Carmody, M. Young

引用次数: 0

Differences in traumatic stress among youth with and without chronic medical conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. 新冠肺炎大流行期间，患有和不患有慢性疾病的青年创伤压力的差异。

IF 1.1 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1037/cpp0000471

J. Paternostro, Anusha Kakolu, W. Boyd, A. Conrad, Tammy Wilgenbusch

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic is the deadliest pandemic in American history. This study aims to assess the differences in youth reported traumatic stress among those with and without chronic illness, and how those reports are impacted by parental level of concern regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Using convenience sampling, parents and their children completed a series of questionnaires focused on demographic information including questions about medical conditions, parental level of concern about COVID-19, and youth-report of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Results: Results of the anonymous survey (n = 164) found that parental reported level of concern of COVID-19 significantly predicted youth report of posttraumatic stress symptoms (F(4, 159) = 2.607, p = .038). There was no significant difference in youth-report of posttraumatic stress symptoms between youth with and without chronic medical conditions (F(1, 162) = .438, p = .509). Conclusions: Children often look to their parents for guidance during stressful life events, as confirmed by our findings. Parental emotional and behavioral responses may influence how youth make sense of highly stressful events and should be considered when determining intervention strategies in the COVID-19 era. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement This study found that youth with and without chronic health conditions did not differ in their report of posttraumatic stress 6 months after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, youth report of traumatic stress symptoms was predicted by their parents' level of concern regarding the impact of COVID-19 on their families, suggesting the need for targeted parent-based intervention. Clinical interventions to prevent chronic posttraumatic stress responses in youth regardless of medical comorbidity are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

目标：新冠肺炎大流行是美国历史上最致命的大流行。本研究旨在评估患有慢性病和未患有慢性病的年轻人报告的创伤压力的差异，以及这些报告如何受到父母对新冠肺炎大流行的关注程度的影响。方法：采用方便抽样方法，父母及其子女完成了一系列以人口统计学信息为重点的问卷调查，包括医疗条件、父母对新冠肺炎的担忧程度和创伤后应激症状的青少年报告。结果：匿名调查结果（n=164）发现，父母报告的新冠肺炎担忧水平显著预测了青少年创伤后应激症状的报告（F（4，159）=2.607，p=.038）。有慢性疾病和无慢性疾病的青少年创伤后应力症状的报告没有显著差异（F（1，162）=.438，p＝.509）。结论：正如我们的研究结果所证实的那样，孩子们在紧张的生活事件中经常向父母寻求指导。父母的情绪和行为反应可能会影响青少年对高压力事件的理解，在新冠肺炎时代确定干预策略时应予以考虑。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）影响声明这项研究发现，在新冠肺炎大流行开始6个月后，患有和不患有慢性健康状况的青少年的创伤后应激报告没有差异。然而，根据父母对新冠肺炎对家庭影响的担忧程度预测了青少年创伤压力症状的报告，这表明需要有针对性的父母干预。讨论了预防青年慢性创伤后应激反应的临床干预措施，无论是否患有医学共病。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）

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引用次数: 0

Adherence and Self-management Interventions among Systemically Marginalized and Underserved Youth with Asthma. 系统边缘化和服务不足的青少年哮喘患者的依从性和自我管理干预。

IF 1.1 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1037/cpp0000462

Rachel Sweenie, Heather Hoch De Keyser, Ana M Gutiérrez-Colina, Caitlin Brammer, Rachelle R Ramsey

Objective: Asthma disproportionately impacts youth who have been systemically marginalized and underserved, henceforth termed underserved for brevity. Disparities are driven by systemic and structural racism and social determinants of health. We aimed to synthesize findings from interventions delivered among youth who have been underserved, highlight effective intervention strategies, and provide recommendations to promote health equity. To demonstrate, we also present a case example of clinical application.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search of randomized trials among youth (≤18 years old) who are often underserved, delivered in clinical, community, or home-based settings with medication adherence and/or self-management behaviors as an intervention outcome. We used descriptive statistics to synthesize study characteristics and outcomes.

Results: Twenty four articles, representing 21 unique interventions, met inclusion criteria. Forty-six percent reported significant improvements in adherence or self-management for the intervention group. Self-management interventions focused on symptom recognition and monitoring demonstrated the greatest percentage of significant intervention findings (71.4%); controller medication adherence interventions demonstrated the fewest (33.3%).

Conclusions: Interventions are not consistently effective for youth who have been underserved. Findings suggest that pediatric psychologists can help patients from underserved backgrounds by bolstering symptom recognition and monitoring skills, providing self-management skill education, and problem-solving ways to reduce triggers through individually tailored, multicomponent approaches. Pediatric psychologists should simultaneously strive to consider and address systemic, structural, and social determinants of asthma disparities in their work.

目的:哮喘不成比例地影响被系统边缘化和服务不足的青少年，因此称为服务不足。差异是由系统性和结构性种族主义以及健康的社会决定因素造成的。我们的目的是综合在服务不足的青少年中实施的干预措施的结果，突出有效的干预策略，并提供促进健康公平的建议。为了证明这一点，我们还提出了一个临床应用的案例。方法:我们对青少年(≤18岁)的随机试验进行了系统的文献检索，这些青少年通常服务不足，在临床、社区或家庭环境中以药物依从性和/或自我管理行为作为干预结果。我们使用描述性统计来综合研究特征和结果。结果:24篇文章，代表21种独特的干预措施，符合纳入标准。46%的人报告说，干预组在依从性或自我管理方面有了显著改善。以症状识别和监测为重点的自我管理干预在显著干预结果中所占比例最大(71.4%);控制者的药物依从性干预最少(33.3%)。结论:干预措施对服务不足的青少年并不总是有效的。研究结果表明，儿科心理学家可以通过加强症状识别和监测技能，提供自我管理技能教育，以及通过个性化、多成分的方法减少诱因的解决问题的方法，来帮助那些缺乏服务背景的患者。儿科心理学家应同时努力考虑和解决系统、结构和社会因素的哮喘差异在他们的工作。

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引用次数: 0