Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.32598/jpcp.11.4.905.1
Mahyar Arzpeyma, Tahereh Hamzehpoor Haghighi
Aim: We conducted the present study to compare Object relations, personality organization, personal meaning of life, and Relational meaning in life among Islamic Azad University, Lahijans branch's students. Method: The research design was post-event (causal-comparative). The sample included 200 (100 psychology students and 100 students from other majors) selected based on convenience sampling criteria for this study. We used The Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI), Kernberg's Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO), Steger's Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), and Relational Meaning in Life Questionnaire (RMLQ) in this study. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and SPSS-24 software. Result: The results showed no significant differences between the scores of Object Relations among psychology students and students from other majors of Islamic Azad University, Lahijan. On the other hand, there were significant differences between the variables of personality organization, personal meaning in life, and Relational Meaning in Life in psychology students and other university students. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the overall status of psychology students was better than other students in terms of personality organization, personal meaning in life, and Relational Meaning in Life. However, it is recommended that therapists, counselors, and educational administrators pay more attention to Object Relations and some personality organization variables (such as primary defenses and identity confusion) in themselves or their students, as examining and improving these variables through psychotherapy can provide a better basis for future services and prevent potential harm to clients.
{"title":"Comparison of Object Relations, Personality Organization, and Personal and Relational Meaning of Life in Psychology Graduates vs. other Students in Lahijan Azad University","authors":"Mahyar Arzpeyma, Tahereh Hamzehpoor Haghighi","doi":"10.32598/jpcp.11.4.905.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.11.4.905.1","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: We conducted the present study to compare Object relations, personality organization, personal meaning of life, and Relational meaning in life among Islamic Azad University, Lahijans branch's students. Method: The research design was post-event (causal-comparative). The sample included 200 (100 psychology students and 100 students from other majors) selected based on convenience sampling criteria for this study. We used The Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI), Kernberg's Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO), Steger's Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), and Relational Meaning in Life Questionnaire (RMLQ) in this study. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and SPSS-24 software. Result: The results showed no significant differences between the scores of Object Relations among psychology students and students from other majors of Islamic Azad University, Lahijan. On the other hand, there were significant differences between the variables of personality organization, personal meaning in life, and Relational Meaning in Life in psychology students and other university students. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the overall status of psychology students was better than other students in terms of personality organization, personal meaning in life, and Relational Meaning in Life. However, it is recommended that therapists, counselors, and educational administrators pay more attention to Object Relations and some personality organization variables (such as primary defenses and identity confusion) in themselves or their students, as examining and improving these variables through psychotherapy can provide a better basis for future services and prevent potential harm to clients.","PeriodicalId":37641,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135772413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.32598/jpcp.11.4.914.1
Shima Zohrabiy, Abbas Abolghasemi, Mousa Kafi Masoole, Mahnaz Khosrojavid
Objective: Most of the research conducted so far on effective treatments for social anxiety disorder has used traditional cognitive-behavioral therapies. However, recent pathological theories emphasize the role of emotion regulation in the formation and continuation of the symptoms of this disorder. Thus, the study has been conducted to compare the efficacy of emotion- oriented therapy and the unified trans-diagnostic treatment for individuals diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control design and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all the people aged 18-40 who diagnosed with social anxiety disorder from September to March of 2021 in Tehran. A total of 21 patients were selected using purposive sampling and assigned to three groups (two experimental groups and one control group (n= 7 patients in each group). The experimental group 1 and 2 received emotion- oriented therapy in five 120-minute sessions (one session every week) and the unified trans-diagnostic treatment in 12, 120-minute sessions (one session every week), respectively, while the control group did not receive therapy intervention during this period. The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) and the Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale (FPES) were used for data collection. The repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data in SPSS-24. The significance level of the research was considered to be α=0.05. Results: The results indicated that both emotion-oriented therapy and trans-diagnostic treatment effectively reduced fear of positive evaluation, but unified trans-diagnostic treatment had no notable impact on reducing the fear of negative evaluation in this group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Accordingly, emotion-oriented therapy and unified trans-diagnostic treatment were effective and practical methods for reducing the reduced fear of positive and negative evaluation in this group. It is recommended that psychotherapists and counselors employ these approaches in practice.
{"title":"Comparing the Effectiveness of Emotion-Oriented Therapy and the Unified Trans-diagnostic Treatment on Fear of Negative & Positive Evaluation of Patients with Social Anxiety disorder","authors":"Shima Zohrabiy, Abbas Abolghasemi, Mousa Kafi Masoole, Mahnaz Khosrojavid","doi":"10.32598/jpcp.11.4.914.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.11.4.914.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Most of the research conducted so far on effective treatments for social anxiety disorder has used traditional cognitive-behavioral therapies. However, recent pathological theories emphasize the role of emotion regulation in the formation and continuation of the symptoms of this disorder. Thus, the study has been conducted to compare the efficacy of emotion- oriented therapy and the unified trans-diagnostic treatment for individuals diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control design and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all the people aged 18-40 who diagnosed with social anxiety disorder from September to March of 2021 in Tehran. A total of 21 patients were selected using purposive sampling and assigned to three groups (two experimental groups and one control group (n= 7 patients in each group). The experimental group 1 and 2 received emotion- oriented therapy in five 120-minute sessions (one session every week) and the unified trans-diagnostic treatment in 12, 120-minute sessions (one session every week), respectively, while the control group did not receive therapy intervention during this period. The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) and the Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale (FPES) were used for data collection. The repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data in SPSS-24. The significance level of the research was considered to be α=0.05. Results: The results indicated that both emotion-oriented therapy and trans-diagnostic treatment effectively reduced fear of positive evaluation, but unified trans-diagnostic treatment had no notable impact on reducing the fear of negative evaluation in this group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Accordingly, emotion-oriented therapy and unified trans-diagnostic treatment were effective and practical methods for reducing the reduced fear of positive and negative evaluation in this group. It is recommended that psychotherapists and counselors employ these approaches in practice.","PeriodicalId":37641,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135772673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.32598/jpcp.11.2.851.1
M. Rostami, S. Bakhtiarpour, F. Hafezi
Objective: This research aims to study the effectiveness of verbal self-instruction training on symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and academic procrastination in male teenagers with ADHD. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all male teenagers with ADHD in Tabriz City, Iran. A total of 30 male teenagers with ADHD were selected via the purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research tools were the child symptom inventory-4 questionnaire and the Solomon and Rothblum academic procrastination scale. Descriptive statistical indices and the analysis of covariance tests were employed for data description and testing of the research hypotheses. Results: The F ratio of the univariate analysis of covariance for dependent variables showed a significant difference in the variables of academic procrastination and ADHD symptoms between the experimental and the control (P>0.001) group. Accordingly, verbal self-instruction is effective in improving academic procrastination and ADHD. Conclusion: The results showed that verbal self-instruction training affects symptoms of ADHD and academic procrastination.
目的:研究言语自我指导训练对男性青少年注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)和学业拖延症状的影响。方法:本研究为准实验研究,采用前测、后测和对照组随访。统计人群包括伊朗大不里士市所有患有ADHD的男性青少年。采用目的抽样的方法,选取30名患有ADHD的男性青少年,随机分为实验组和对照组。研究工具为儿童症状量表-4和Solomon and Rothblum学业拖延量表。采用描述性统计指标和协方差分析检验进行数据描述和研究假设检验。结果:因变量单变量协方差分析F比显示,实验组与对照组在学业拖延和ADHD症状变量上差异有统计学意义(P < 0.001)。因此,语言自我指导在改善学习拖延症和多动症方面是有效的。结论:言语自我指导训练对ADHD和学业拖延症状有影响。
{"title":"Investigating the Effectiveness of Verbal Self-education Training on Academic Procrastination and Symptoms of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescent Boys With Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder","authors":"M. Rostami, S. Bakhtiarpour, F. Hafezi","doi":"10.32598/jpcp.11.2.851.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.11.2.851.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This research aims to study the effectiveness of verbal self-instruction training on symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and academic procrastination in male teenagers with ADHD. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all male teenagers with ADHD in Tabriz City, Iran. A total of 30 male teenagers with ADHD were selected via the purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research tools were the child symptom inventory-4 questionnaire and the Solomon and Rothblum academic procrastination scale. Descriptive statistical indices and the analysis of covariance tests were employed for data description and testing of the research hypotheses. Results: The F ratio of the univariate analysis of covariance for dependent variables showed a significant difference in the variables of academic procrastination and ADHD symptoms between the experimental and the control (P>0.001) group. Accordingly, verbal self-instruction is effective in improving academic procrastination and ADHD. Conclusion: The results showed that verbal self-instruction training affects symptoms of ADHD and academic procrastination.","PeriodicalId":37641,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87900582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.32598/jpcp.11.2.853.1
I. Abasi, Azin Farzin, Amin Sohrabzadeh Fard, Abbas Masjedi Arani, H. Poursharifi, Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, Ali Mehrabi
Objective: The current COVID-19 pandemic is associated with numerous psychological issues, such as anxiety and distress as a result of individual, health-related, social, and economic issues. This study aims to assess the general population in Iran for the negative impacts of the current pandemic on psychological well-being and to find possible protective and risk factors when facing such situations in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 317 people participated in an online survey in Iran from August 3, 2020, to September 20, 2020. Anxiety, depression, fear of COVID-19, emotion regulation, intolerance of uncertainty, illness perception, neuroticism, social support, and self-efficacy were evaluated. Results: The results showed that measures that assess anxiety, depression, emotion regulation, intolerance of uncertainty, illness perception, neuroticism, social support, and self-efficacy were significantly related to fear of COVID-19. Meanwhile, the results of regression analysis demonstrated that neuroticism, intolerance of uncertainty, and illness perception could predict fear of COVID-19 beyond and above anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Some factors, including neuroticism, illness perception, and intolerance of uncertainty are considered risk factors for mental health during this pandemic.
{"title":"Investigating the Psychological Risk and Protective Factors Related to Fear of COVID-19 During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran","authors":"I. Abasi, Azin Farzin, Amin Sohrabzadeh Fard, Abbas Masjedi Arani, H. Poursharifi, Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, Ali Mehrabi","doi":"10.32598/jpcp.11.2.853.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.11.2.853.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The current COVID-19 pandemic is associated with numerous psychological issues, such as anxiety and distress as a result of individual, health-related, social, and economic issues. This study aims to assess the general population in Iran for the negative impacts of the current pandemic on psychological well-being and to find possible protective and risk factors when facing such situations in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 317 people participated in an online survey in Iran from August 3, 2020, to September 20, 2020. Anxiety, depression, fear of COVID-19, emotion regulation, intolerance of uncertainty, illness perception, neuroticism, social support, and self-efficacy were evaluated. Results: The results showed that measures that assess anxiety, depression, emotion regulation, intolerance of uncertainty, illness perception, neuroticism, social support, and self-efficacy were significantly related to fear of COVID-19. Meanwhile, the results of regression analysis demonstrated that neuroticism, intolerance of uncertainty, and illness perception could predict fear of COVID-19 beyond and above anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Some factors, including neuroticism, illness perception, and intolerance of uncertainty are considered risk factors for mental health during this pandemic.","PeriodicalId":37641,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79344310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.32598/jpcp.11.4.856.1
Afsaneh Vosoughi Motlagh, Sara Kamjou, Jalil Etemaad
Objective: The use of the Internet is widely increasing among the new generation, shaping an important aspect of people's lives. The use of the social media can influence body image concerns, social isolation, and social mood. The purpose of the present study is to assess body image concerns, social isolation, and mood based on the amount of social media use. Method: This study has been conducted using a descriptive method in the form of correlation. The study population was all people aged between 20 and 40 in Shiraz, among which 311 people (191 women and 119 men) has been selected by the convenience sampling method. The tools used in this study were body image concerns Inventory (BICI, 2005), Social Isolation Assessment Standard Questionnaire (SIASI, 2013), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS, 1988), and social media addiction scale (SMAS_AF, 2017). Correlation coefficients (using the SPSS software) and structural equation modeling analysis (using AMOS statistical software) were employed to investigate the variables of social isolation prediction model. Results: The results of the study showed that mood (β=0.15, p=0.007) and use of social media (β=0.19, p=0.0001) can predict social isolation with the mediating role of body image concerns(β=0.18, p=0.001). The results showed that the mood and use of social media can predict social isolation both directly and with the mediation of body image concern. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, mood and use of social media can predict social isolation with the mediating role of body image concerns. Negative mood can make people sensitive to their body image. People have a distorted perception of their body image and this concern leads to social isolation.
{"title":"Predicting Body Image Concerns, Social Isolation, and Mood by the Amount of Social Media Addiction","authors":"Afsaneh Vosoughi Motlagh, Sara Kamjou, Jalil Etemaad","doi":"10.32598/jpcp.11.4.856.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.11.4.856.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The use of the Internet is widely increasing among the new generation, shaping an important aspect of people's lives. The use of the social media can influence body image concerns, social isolation, and social mood. The purpose of the present study is to assess body image concerns, social isolation, and mood based on the amount of social media use. Method: This study has been conducted using a descriptive method in the form of correlation. The study population was all people aged between 20 and 40 in Shiraz, among which 311 people (191 women and 119 men) has been selected by the convenience sampling method. The tools used in this study were body image concerns Inventory (BICI, 2005), Social Isolation Assessment Standard Questionnaire (SIASI, 2013), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS, 1988), and social media addiction scale (SMAS_AF, 2017). Correlation coefficients (using the SPSS software) and structural equation modeling analysis (using AMOS statistical software) were employed to investigate the variables of social isolation prediction model. Results: The results of the study showed that mood (β=0.15, p=0.007) and use of social media (β=0.19, p=0.0001) can predict social isolation with the mediating role of body image concerns(β=0.18, p=0.001). The results showed that the mood and use of social media can predict social isolation both directly and with the mediation of body image concern. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, mood and use of social media can predict social isolation with the mediating role of body image concerns. Negative mood can make people sensitive to their body image. People have a distorted perception of their body image and this concern leads to social isolation.","PeriodicalId":37641,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135772670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Poor motor skill performance can place children with ADHD at risk of developing a weak self-concept, high anxiety levels, and a poor social function. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of a moderate- to high-intensity paintball game program on fitness, cognitive functions, and ADHD-related behavior in children with ADHD. Method: A total of 21 participants (age in years: M = 9.1, SD = 1.1, ranging from 7 to 12) took part in the study. Measuring tools were included Fitness and Motor Tests Measures, Behavioral Measures, Neuropsychological Measures. Fitness level, motor skills, behaviors, and cognitive functions are assessed by standardized tests before and after a 10-week training or control period Results: Findings show that participation in a paintball game program (improves muscular capacities, motor skills, behavior reports by parents and teachers, and level of information processing. Posttest analysis revealed that with the exception of rule breaking behaviors, a tendency for improvements was reported by the teachers in the experimental group for all scales, but all differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Structured paintball game program may have clinical relevance in the functional adaptation of children with ADHD. This supports the need for further research in the area of physical activity with this population
{"title":"The Effect Paintball Game on Motor Performance, Neuropsychological and Behavioral Features Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder","authors":"Morteza Homayounnia Firoozjah, Mojtaba Dehestani Ardekani","doi":"10.32598/jpcp.11.4.703.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.11.4.703.4","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Poor motor skill performance can place children with ADHD at risk of developing a weak self-concept, high anxiety levels, and a poor social function. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of a moderate- to high-intensity paintball game program on fitness, cognitive functions, and ADHD-related behavior in children with ADHD. Method: A total of 21 participants (age in years: M = 9.1, SD = 1.1, ranging from 7 to 12) took part in the study. Measuring tools were included Fitness and Motor Tests Measures, Behavioral Measures, Neuropsychological Measures. Fitness level, motor skills, behaviors, and cognitive functions are assessed by standardized tests before and after a 10-week training or control period Results: Findings show that participation in a paintball game program (improves muscular capacities, motor skills, behavior reports by parents and teachers, and level of information processing. Posttest analysis revealed that with the exception of rule breaking behaviors, a tendency for improvements was reported by the teachers in the experimental group for all scales, but all differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Structured paintball game program may have clinical relevance in the functional adaptation of children with ADHD. This supports the need for further research in the area of physical activity with this population","PeriodicalId":37641,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135772669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.32598/jpcp.11.4.807.2
Hossein Ghamari kivi, Fatemeh Jamshiddoust mianroudi, Sara Mousavi, Effat Ghavibazu
Objective: It is extremely common for adults to use inner speech to regulate their behavior. Despite this, little is known about the underlying processes that may explain why people use inner speech differently. This study aimed to determine the relationship between different types of inner speech with symptoms of anxiety, depression, somatization, and distress in normal people. Methods: The research method herein was descriptive correlation. The statistical population of the study included all 10000 students from the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Iran, in the academic year 2019-2020. 378 students from the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili through multi-stage cluster sampling method were selected. The Varieties of Inner Speech Questionnaire (VISQ) and Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) were administered to all subjects. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis were used step-by-step. Data analysis was performed by SPSS ver. 23. Results: The findings showed the strongest inner speech for predicting anxiety, depression, and somatization disorders is another type of inner speech. On the other hand, in those with distress symptoms, evaluative/critical inner speech was appropriately predictive. Also, positive-regulative inner speech negatively predicts anxiety, depression, and distress. In the normal population, positive regulative inner speech is considered an appropriate predictor. Conclusions: Consequently, there are probably two types of inner speech evaluation-critical and positive-regulative that have more powerful construct validity, and usage of other inner speech is questionable.
{"title":"Role of Types of Inner Speech in the Prediction of Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, Somatization, and Distress in the Normal Population","authors":"Hossein Ghamari kivi, Fatemeh Jamshiddoust mianroudi, Sara Mousavi, Effat Ghavibazu","doi":"10.32598/jpcp.11.4.807.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.11.4.807.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: It is extremely common for adults to use inner speech to regulate their behavior. Despite this, little is known about the underlying processes that may explain why people use inner speech differently. This study aimed to determine the relationship between different types of inner speech with symptoms of anxiety, depression, somatization, and distress in normal people. Methods: The research method herein was descriptive correlation. The statistical population of the study included all 10000 students from the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Iran, in the academic year 2019-2020. 378 students from the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili through multi-stage cluster sampling method were selected. The Varieties of Inner Speech Questionnaire (VISQ) and Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) were administered to all subjects. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis were used step-by-step. Data analysis was performed by SPSS ver. 23. Results: The findings showed the strongest inner speech for predicting anxiety, depression, and somatization disorders is another type of inner speech. On the other hand, in those with distress symptoms, evaluative/critical inner speech was appropriately predictive. Also, positive-regulative inner speech negatively predicts anxiety, depression, and distress. In the normal population, positive regulative inner speech is considered an appropriate predictor. Conclusions: Consequently, there are probably two types of inner speech evaluation-critical and positive-regulative that have more powerful construct validity, and usage of other inner speech is questionable.","PeriodicalId":37641,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135772426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.32598/jpcp.11.2.839.1
M. Yekta, Mohammad Naghy Farahani, H. Khanipour, M. Shahgholian
Objective: This study aims to investigate the issues related to the formation and persistence of deliberate self-harm behavior in adolescents from Iranian mental health professionals’ viewpoints. Methods: The present qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to record the experiences of 9 mental health professionals with work experience in deliberate self-harm behavior in adolescence. The participants were selected via the purposive sampling method. The Sterling content analysis method was used to analyze the transcription of the interviews. Results: The semantic units of the interview were classified into 32 initial codes. The extracted sub-themes were as follows: A rejection of new identities, repression, the disintegration of social identity, materialism, economic poverty, unresolved parental conflicts, the lack of authority, the ambivalency between boundaries and freedom, shame, and guilt, blame, fear of harm, liberation, self-care, escape mechanism, and replacement, affect regulation, coping with self-disintegration and self-esteem, relationship conflicts with adults and peers, identity creation, identity disorder, boundless mental structure, lack of self-confidence, and distorted self-perception. The following four themes were categorized as subcategories of transformational injuries: Traumatic society, vulnerable family, interpersonal impact, and interpersonal effectiveness. Conclusion: Mental health specialists considered deliberate self-harm traumatic; however, they deem it for eliminating negative emotions and controlling the internal and external world of adolescents. Furthermore, they consider this behavior a reaction to cultural conflicts, cultural materialism, and the disintegration of identity and role during adolescence in families not being capable to facilitate low-risk transformation for adolescents because of economic and psychological factors.
{"title":"Investigating the Effective Factors in the Formation of Deliberate Self-harm in Adolescence: Mental Health Professionals’ Viewpoints","authors":"M. Yekta, Mohammad Naghy Farahani, H. Khanipour, M. Shahgholian","doi":"10.32598/jpcp.11.2.839.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.11.2.839.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aims to investigate the issues related to the formation and persistence of deliberate self-harm behavior in adolescents from Iranian mental health professionals’ viewpoints. Methods: The present qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to record the experiences of 9 mental health professionals with work experience in deliberate self-harm behavior in adolescence. The participants were selected via the purposive sampling method. The Sterling content analysis method was used to analyze the transcription of the interviews. Results: The semantic units of the interview were classified into 32 initial codes. The extracted sub-themes were as follows: A rejection of new identities, repression, the disintegration of social identity, materialism, economic poverty, unresolved parental conflicts, the lack of authority, the ambivalency between boundaries and freedom, shame, and guilt, blame, fear of harm, liberation, self-care, escape mechanism, and replacement, affect regulation, coping with self-disintegration and self-esteem, relationship conflicts with adults and peers, identity creation, identity disorder, boundless mental structure, lack of self-confidence, and distorted self-perception. The following four themes were categorized as subcategories of transformational injuries: Traumatic society, vulnerable family, interpersonal impact, and interpersonal effectiveness. Conclusion: Mental health specialists considered deliberate self-harm traumatic; however, they deem it for eliminating negative emotions and controlling the internal and external world of adolescents. Furthermore, they consider this behavior a reaction to cultural conflicts, cultural materialism, and the disintegration of identity and role during adolescence in families not being capable to facilitate low-risk transformation for adolescents because of economic and psychological factors.","PeriodicalId":37641,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76833034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.32598/jpcp.11.2.870.1
Sara Bahrampour, A. Davoodi, N. Fath, G. Naziri
Objective: Several studies have explored the correlation between postpartum depression and a weak mother-infant bond; however, fewer studies have analyzed how other postpartum mental health conditions, such as childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or important personal characteristics, including adult attachment styles, affect the quality of the mother-infant bond. This study aims to examine the association between attachment styles and postpartum bonding in mothers, considering the mediating influence of postpartum depression and childbirth-related PTSD. Methods: A total of 150 mothers, 4 to 12 weeks postpartum, completed a demographic questionnaire, the Edinburgh postpartum depression questionnaire, the posttraumatic stress questionnaire related to the birth of a child, the mother-child bonding questionnaire, and the attachment style questionnaire. The posttraumatic stress related to the birth of a child questionnaire was translated into Persian for the first time and was used after confirming its validity and reliability. The proposed model was examined by the structural equation modeling method. Results: The conceptual model’s results showed that the direct and standardized effect of anxious attachment style (β=0.49, P=0.001) and avoidant attachment style (β=0.47, P=0.001) on postpartum depression were significant. Also, the direct effect of anxious attachment style (β=0.59, P=0.001) on postpartum PTSD was significant. However, the coefficient of avoidant attachment style (β=-0.04, P=0.581) was not significant for postpartum PTSD. Also, the coefficients were investigated from the direct effect of postpartum depression, postpartum PTSD, anxious attachment style, and avoidant attachment style. The obtained results showed that postpartum depression (β=0.27, P=0.001), postpartum PTSD (β=0.43, P=0.001), and anxious attachment style (β=0.39, P=0.001) could predict the mother-child bond. However, the avoidant attachment style (β=0.00, P=0.946) could not predict the mother-child bond. Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed that insecure attachment styles were linked to challenges in forming a strong mother-infant bond. Anxious attachment was also associated with bonding difficulties, which were influenced by symptoms of postpartum depression and childbirth-related PTSD. In contrast, a higher degree of avoidant attachment style was associated with more significant difficulties in bonding, which were mediated by symptoms of depression. Accordingly, if interventions aim to enhance the mother-infant bond, treatment should focus on addressing childbirth-related PTSD, PPD symptoms, and insecure attachment styles.
{"title":"The Mediating Role of Postpartum Depression and Childbirth-related PTSD in the Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Postpartum Bonding Among Mothers in Ahvaz City, Iran","authors":"Sara Bahrampour, A. Davoodi, N. Fath, G. Naziri","doi":"10.32598/jpcp.11.2.870.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.11.2.870.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Several studies have explored the correlation between postpartum depression and a weak mother-infant bond; however, fewer studies have analyzed how other postpartum mental health conditions, such as childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or important personal characteristics, including adult attachment styles, affect the quality of the mother-infant bond. This study aims to examine the association between attachment styles and postpartum bonding in mothers, considering the mediating influence of postpartum depression and childbirth-related PTSD. Methods: A total of 150 mothers, 4 to 12 weeks postpartum, completed a demographic questionnaire, the Edinburgh postpartum depression questionnaire, the posttraumatic stress questionnaire related to the birth of a child, the mother-child bonding questionnaire, and the attachment style questionnaire. The posttraumatic stress related to the birth of a child questionnaire was translated into Persian for the first time and was used after confirming its validity and reliability. The proposed model was examined by the structural equation modeling method. Results: The conceptual model’s results showed that the direct and standardized effect of anxious attachment style (β=0.49, P=0.001) and avoidant attachment style (β=0.47, P=0.001) on postpartum depression were significant. Also, the direct effect of anxious attachment style (β=0.59, P=0.001) on postpartum PTSD was significant. However, the coefficient of avoidant attachment style (β=-0.04, P=0.581) was not significant for postpartum PTSD. Also, the coefficients were investigated from the direct effect of postpartum depression, postpartum PTSD, anxious attachment style, and avoidant attachment style. The obtained results showed that postpartum depression (β=0.27, P=0.001), postpartum PTSD (β=0.43, P=0.001), and anxious attachment style (β=0.39, P=0.001) could predict the mother-child bond. However, the avoidant attachment style (β=0.00, P=0.946) could not predict the mother-child bond. Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed that insecure attachment styles were linked to challenges in forming a strong mother-infant bond. Anxious attachment was also associated with bonding difficulties, which were influenced by symptoms of postpartum depression and childbirth-related PTSD. In contrast, a higher degree of avoidant attachment style was associated with more significant difficulties in bonding, which were mediated by symptoms of depression. Accordingly, if interventions aim to enhance the mother-infant bond, treatment should focus on addressing childbirth-related PTSD, PPD symptoms, and insecure attachment styles.","PeriodicalId":37641,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80858335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.32598/jpcp.11.2.288.8
Roghieh Nooripour, Mohammad Ali Nasershariati, Maryam Amirinia, Hossein Ilanloo, A. Habibi, Misagh Chogani
Objective: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of group metacognitive therapy on internet addiction and cognitive-emotional regulation among adolescents. Methods: We used a quasi-experimental design that included pre-test s, post-tests, and follow-ups. In the 2020-2021 academic year, all the male adolescents in Qazvin City, Iran were included in this study. A total of 30 adolescents were randomly selected and assigned to intervention or control groups based on the convenience sampling method (n=15). We provided ten 90-min group metacognitive therapy sessions to the intervention group, while the control group received no intervention. The internet addiction questionnaire along with the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire was used to collect the data. We conducted the multivariate analysis of covariance, repeated measures, and Fisher least significant difference post hoc test via the SPSS software, version 26. Results: The results of this study demonstrated that group metacognitive therapy significantly affected adolescents’ internet addiction and cognitive emotion regulation (P<0.05). In addition, the analysis revealed that internet addiction and cognitive emotion regulation among adolescents were significantly different between intervention and control groups. The treatment remained unchanged at the follow-up stage (P<0.05). Conclusion: It is recommended that school and family counselors be trained and given executive duties in group metacognitive therapy, which influences Iranian adolescents. These methods may assist overactive adolescents and their families in achieving their learning goals through empowerment, analysis, and interpretation workshops and meetings.
{"title":"Investigating the Effectiveness of Group Metacognitive Therapy on Internet Addiction and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Among Adolescents","authors":"Roghieh Nooripour, Mohammad Ali Nasershariati, Maryam Amirinia, Hossein Ilanloo, A. Habibi, Misagh Chogani","doi":"10.32598/jpcp.11.2.288.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.11.2.288.8","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of group metacognitive therapy on internet addiction and cognitive-emotional regulation among adolescents. Methods: We used a quasi-experimental design that included pre-test s, post-tests, and follow-ups. In the 2020-2021 academic year, all the male adolescents in Qazvin City, Iran were included in this study. A total of 30 adolescents were randomly selected and assigned to intervention or control groups based on the convenience sampling method (n=15). We provided ten 90-min group metacognitive therapy sessions to the intervention group, while the control group received no intervention. The internet addiction questionnaire along with the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire was used to collect the data. We conducted the multivariate analysis of covariance, repeated measures, and Fisher least significant difference post hoc test via the SPSS software, version 26. Results: The results of this study demonstrated that group metacognitive therapy significantly affected adolescents’ internet addiction and cognitive emotion regulation (P<0.05). In addition, the analysis revealed that internet addiction and cognitive emotion regulation among adolescents were significantly different between intervention and control groups. The treatment remained unchanged at the follow-up stage (P<0.05). Conclusion: It is recommended that school and family counselors be trained and given executive duties in group metacognitive therapy, which influences Iranian adolescents. These methods may assist overactive adolescents and their families in achieving their learning goals through empowerment, analysis, and interpretation workshops and meetings.","PeriodicalId":37641,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87664814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}