Pub Date : 2020-05-20DOI: 10.11590/abhps.2020.1.03
Thomas Hoffmann
With the advent of algorithm-based decisions, generated in the “black boxes” of deep learning ensembles and their controversially discussed ethical and legal implications, the fact that human legal decision-making is to a large degree not based on rational choices, and thus also neither deducible nor predictable, tends to be neglected in legal discussion. this article intends to provide an overview on heuristic patterns in human legal decision-making by pointing out their flaws and benefits, and also provides some advice on how to hedge its risks in legal practice.
{"title":"Heuristics in Legal Decision-Making","authors":"Thomas Hoffmann","doi":"10.11590/abhps.2020.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2020.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of algorithm-based decisions, generated in the “black boxes” of deep learning ensembles and their controversially discussed ethical and legal implications, the fact that human legal decision-making is to a large degree not based on rational choices, and thus also neither deducible nor predictable, tends to be neglected in legal discussion. this article intends to provide an overview on heuristic patterns in human legal decision-making by pointing out their flaws and benefits, and also provides some advice on how to hedge its risks in legal practice.","PeriodicalId":37693,"journal":{"name":"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum","volume":"8 1","pages":"62-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46639706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-20DOI: 10.11590/abhps.2020.1.02
A. Masso, Maris Männiste, A. Siibak
emerging digital data sources provide opportunities for explaining social processes, but also challenge knowledge production practices within social sciences. this article contributes to the ‘end of theory’ discussions, which have intensified in the social sciences since the widening practice of big data and computational methods. Adopting a systematic literature review of 120 empirical articles through a combined quantitative and qualitative approach, this article strives to contribute to the ongoing discussions on the epistemological shifts in social media big data (smBD) studies. This study offers an insight into the development of analytical methods and research practices in smBD studies during their rapid growth
{"title":"‘End of Theory’ in the Era of Big Data: Methodological Practices and Challenges in Social Media Studies","authors":"A. Masso, Maris Männiste, A. Siibak","doi":"10.11590/abhps.2020.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2020.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"emerging digital data sources provide opportunities for explaining social processes, but also challenge knowledge production practices within social sciences. this article contributes to the ‘end of theory’ discussions, which have intensified in the social sciences since the widening practice of big data and computational methods. Adopting a systematic literature review of 120 empirical articles through a combined quantitative and qualitative approach, this article strives to contribute to the ongoing discussions on the epistemological shifts in social media big data (smBD) studies. This study offers an insight into the development of analytical methods and research practices in smBD studies during their rapid growth","PeriodicalId":37693,"journal":{"name":"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum","volume":"8 1","pages":"33-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42723703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-12DOI: 10.11590/abhps.2020.1.00
{"title":"Foreword","authors":"","doi":"10.11590/abhps.2020.1.00","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2020.1.00","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37693,"journal":{"name":"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48899690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.11590/abhps.2019.3.07
P. Suleimenov
{"title":"The Philosophical Basis of Al-Farabi’s Concept of ‘Virtuous City’","authors":"P. Suleimenov","doi":"10.11590/abhps.2019.3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2019.3.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37693,"journal":{"name":"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum","volume":"7 1","pages":"147-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45983014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.11590/abhps.2019.3.08
Alīda Zigmunde, Ilze Gudro
{"title":"In Memoriam: Ivars Knēts (1938–2019)","authors":"Alīda Zigmunde, Ilze Gudro","doi":"10.11590/abhps.2019.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2019.3.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37693,"journal":{"name":"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum","volume":"7 1","pages":"158-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48184992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.11590/abhps.2019.3.09
Alīda Zigmunde, Airisa Šteinberga
{"title":"In Memoriam: Ilgars Grosvalds (1927–2019)","authors":"Alīda Zigmunde, Airisa Šteinberga","doi":"10.11590/abhps.2019.3.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2019.3.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37693,"journal":{"name":"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum","volume":"7 1","pages":"162-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42975877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.11590/abhps.2019.3.02
Diego Pérez Lasserre
this article examines legal judgments in light of the two ways that, according to Kant, the Power of Judgment operates. After analyzing both uses of this faculty, it justifies that legal decisions can be considered as a type of reflective judgments, but not as exemplary as the ones treated in the Critique of the Power of Judgment—namely, the aesthetic and teleological.
{"title":"Determining and Reflective Judgments: Two Approaches to Understanding Legal Decisions","authors":"Diego Pérez Lasserre","doi":"10.11590/abhps.2019.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2019.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"this article examines legal judgments in light of the two ways that, according to Kant, the Power of Judgment operates. After analyzing both uses of this faculty, it justifies that legal decisions can be considered as a type of reflective judgments, but not as exemplary as the ones treated in the Critique of the Power of Judgment—namely, the aesthetic and teleological.","PeriodicalId":37693,"journal":{"name":"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum","volume":"7 1","pages":"23-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46783716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.11590/abhps.2019.3.04
H. Sander
{"title":"The Life and Activities of Professor Gottfried Albrecht Germann, the First Natural History Professor at the University of Tartu","authors":"H. Sander","doi":"10.11590/abhps.2019.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2019.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37693,"journal":{"name":"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum","volume":"7 1","pages":"58-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46917515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.11590/abhps.2019.3.05
M. Gutnyk, E. Tverytnykova, V. Sklyar
A study of the commercialization of the results of fundamental and applied researches by scientists in technical institutions of ukraine was carried out. Based on the processing of archival materials, the activities of the representatives of the higher technical school in commercial projects, consulting and expert activities were studied, and the performance of this work was evaluated. on the example of the oldest technical institution of east ukraine, the Kharkiv Practical technological institute (today the national technical university “Kharkiv Polytechnic institute”), it is demonstrated that attempts to implement the consulting and entrepreneurial sphere in a higher technical school in ukraine were made already at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. this institution of higher education had a unique character. evidently, its exclusively “practical” approach to organizing the educational process outlined the strengthening of practical training of engineers and conducting in-depth research. commercial activities were not widespread but became an integral part of the professional activity of the teaching staff. the study showed that such business activities were not a common practice. the authors argue that the activities were carried out by a group of researchers who formed an informal professional institutional community, based on their own knowledge, experience, and global authority. V. Kirpichov and G. Latyshev effectively implemented commercial projects by order of the
{"title":"Commercialization of Scientific Activity at a Higher Technical School of East Ukraine in the Late 19th and Early 20th Century","authors":"M. Gutnyk, E. Tverytnykova, V. Sklyar","doi":"10.11590/abhps.2019.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2019.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the commercialization of the results of fundamental and applied researches by scientists in technical institutions of ukraine was carried out. Based on the processing of archival materials, the activities of the representatives of the higher technical school in commercial projects, consulting and expert activities were studied, and the performance of this work was evaluated. on the example of the oldest technical institution of east ukraine, the Kharkiv Practical technological institute (today the national technical university “Kharkiv Polytechnic institute”), it is demonstrated that attempts to implement the consulting and entrepreneurial sphere in a higher technical school in ukraine were made already at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. this institution of higher education had a unique character. evidently, its exclusively “practical” approach to organizing the educational process outlined the strengthening of practical training of engineers and conducting in-depth research. commercial activities were not widespread but became an integral part of the professional activity of the teaching staff. the study showed that such business activities were not a common practice. the authors argue that the activities were carried out by a group of researchers who formed an informal professional institutional community, based on their own knowledge, experience, and global authority. V. Kirpichov and G. Latyshev effectively implemented commercial projects by order of the","PeriodicalId":37693,"journal":{"name":"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum","volume":"7 1","pages":"125-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47645630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.11590/abhps.2019.3.03
Zoltán Grünhut
the paper proposes a conceptualization on ‘europe’ using late modernity as a social grand theory for background. it builds primarily on Giddens’ modernization argument, while the paper also invokes an intentionality framework in order to better describe the interrelation between individual emancipation and institutional reflexivity. ‘Europe’ as entity is normatively (re)theorized through this lens, i.e. how it can contribute to the subjects’ self-liberating agency. the paper focuses with particular attention on institutional shifts in four sectors—education, labor, science, and art.
{"title":"Reflexive Europe and the Era of Late Modernity","authors":"Zoltán Grünhut","doi":"10.11590/abhps.2019.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2019.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"the paper proposes a conceptualization on ‘europe’ using late modernity as a social grand theory for background. it builds primarily on Giddens’ modernization argument, while the paper also invokes an intentionality framework in order to better describe the interrelation between individual emancipation and institutional reflexivity. ‘Europe’ as entity is normatively (re)theorized through this lens, i.e. how it can contribute to the subjects’ self-liberating agency. the paper focuses with particular attention on institutional shifts in four sectors—education, labor, science, and art.","PeriodicalId":37693,"journal":{"name":"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum","volume":"7 1","pages":"42-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43055988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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