Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.92760
L. Moro, M. Franz, Martios Ecco, Milciades Ariel Melgarejo Arrúa, Marlon Akiyama Ribas
Nitrogen is the element most demanded by the soybean crop, and the biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen is the main means to supply it. In contrast, micronutrients and chemical treatments applied on seeds together with the inoculant can alter the phenomenon of biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of chemical products, micronutrients, and nitrogen fertilization on the nodulation, development, and yield of soybean. The experiment was developed in a field and a greenhouse in the municipality of Toledo, Brazil. A randomized block with four repetitions was used as an experimental design. This design had eight treatments, namely: T1 - Control (seeds treated with insecticide); T2 - Seeds treated with insecticides and inoculated with Bradyrhizobium; T3 - Untreated seeds inoculated with Bradyrhizobium; T4 Seeds treated with insecticides and cobalt-molybdenum (CoMo), inoculated with Bradyrhizobium; T5 - Seeds with CoMo inoculated with Bradyrhizobium; T6 - Seeds treated with insecticides, inoculated with Bradyrhizobium and with foliar application of CoMo; T7 - Seeds treated with insecticides, inoculated with Bradyrhizobium and with the application of nitrogen in cover; T8 - Seeds treated with nitrogen by broadcast. No significant differences were observed between treatments on the nodules numbers, stem diameter, plant height, root length, the mass of 1000 grains, and yield. The application of nitrogen at the R2 stage (a plant with an open flower in one of the two uppermost nodes of the main stem with a fully developed leaf) and in association with the inoculant + CoMo without seed treatment provided a greater number of nodes, pods, and grains per plant.
{"title":"Response of soybean crop with different combinations of seed treatment and application of nitrogen, cobalt, and molybdenum topdressing","authors":"L. Moro, M. Franz, Martios Ecco, Milciades Ariel Melgarejo Arrúa, Marlon Akiyama Ribas","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.92760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.92760","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen is the element most demanded by the soybean crop, and the biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen is the main means to supply it. In contrast, micronutrients and chemical treatments applied on seeds together with the inoculant can alter the phenomenon of biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of chemical products, micronutrients, and nitrogen fertilization on the nodulation, development, and yield of soybean. The experiment was developed in a field and a greenhouse in the municipality of Toledo, Brazil. A randomized block with four repetitions was used as an experimental design. This design had eight treatments, namely: T1 - Control (seeds treated with insecticide); T2 - Seeds treated with insecticides and inoculated with Bradyrhizobium; T3 - Untreated seeds inoculated with Bradyrhizobium; T4 Seeds treated with insecticides and cobalt-molybdenum (CoMo), inoculated with Bradyrhizobium; T5 - Seeds with CoMo inoculated with Bradyrhizobium; T6 - Seeds treated with insecticides, inoculated with Bradyrhizobium and with foliar application of CoMo; T7 - Seeds treated with insecticides, inoculated with Bradyrhizobium and with the application of nitrogen in cover; T8 - Seeds treated with nitrogen by broadcast. No significant differences were observed between treatments on the nodules numbers, stem diameter, plant height, root length, the mass of 1000 grains, and yield. The application of nitrogen at the R2 stage (a plant with an open flower in one of the two uppermost nodes of the main stem with a fully developed leaf) and in association with the inoculant + CoMo without seed treatment provided a greater number of nodes, pods, and grains per plant.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89007824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Los bioproductos agrícolas basados en microorganismos eficientes (EM) constituyen una alternativa viable para disminuir el uso de fertilizantes químicos, y tienen un efecto positivo sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas. Este trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de microorganismos eficientes (EM) y FitoMas-E® en la producción de plántulas de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.), para lo cual se realizó un experimento en un jardín organopónico en el municipio de Matanzas, Cuba. Se estudiaron cuatro tratamientos: control (sin aplicación de los bio-productos), EM (4 mL m-2), FitoMas-E® (0.1 mL m-2) y EM (4 mL m-2)+ FitoMas-E® (0.1 mL m-2). Se estableció un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con tres repeticiones por tratamiento. Se realizó un análisis de varianza para determinar diferencias entre los tratamientos y la prueba de Rangos Múltiples de Duncan para la comparación entre las medias. Se evaluaron los indicadores altura de las plántulas (cm), número de hojas por plántula, diámetro del tallo (mm), longitud de la raíz (cm), el índice de esbeltez, peso fresco y seco foliar y de la raíz (g) y la relación parte aérea/raíz con relación al peso seco. La aplicación de EM y FitoMas-E® tuvo un efecto positivo sobre el crecimiento y la calidad de las plántulas de pimiento en semillero. El tratamiento 4 mostró los mejores resultados con relación a los indicadores morfológicos: altura de la planta (17.19 cm), número de hojas (6.01), diámetro del tallo (3.98 mm), longitud de la raíz (8.82 cm), así como en el peso fresco y seco de las hojas y de las raíces. La aplicación combinada de EM y FitoMas-E fue efectiva para estimular el crecimiento de la raíz y los órganos aéreos, manteniendo una relación parte aérea/raíz entre 1.28 y 2.5, lo cual es importante en función de obtener plántulas de pimiento con calidad.
以高效微生物为基础的农业生物制品是减少化肥使用的可行选择，对植物的生长发育有积极的影响。本研究的目的是评价高效微生物(EM)和FitoMas-E®对辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)幼苗生产的影响，为此在古巴马坦萨斯市的一个有机花园进行了试验。研究了4个处理:对照(不应用生物产品)、EM (4ml m-2)、FitoMas-E®(0.1 mL m-2)和EM (4ml m-2)+ FitoMas-E®(0.1 mL m-2)。采用随机区组设计，每个处理3个重复。在本研究中，我们分析了不同处理之间的差异，并进行了多范围Duncan检验，以比较平均值。评估指标身高(cm)树苗都管数量,树枝树叶幼苗,直径(mm),根长度(cm),新鲜长,体重指数和干燥根页和(g)和空中部分/根干重)。EM和FitoMas-E®的施用对辣椒幼苗的生长和品质有积极的影响。处理4在株高(17.19 cm)、叶数(6.01)、茎径(3.98 mm)、根长(8.82 cm)、鲜重和干重等形态指标上效果最好。在本研究中，我们评估了EM和FitoMas-E联合施用对辣椒根和气生器官生长的影响，使茎/根比保持在1.28 ~ 2.5之间，这对获得优质辣椒幼苗具有重要意义。
{"title":"Use of effective microorganisms and FitoMas-E® to increase the growth and quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings","authors":"Ramón Liriano González, Jovana Pérez Ramos, Yunel Pérez Hernández, Iraní Placeres Espinosa, Sonia Beatriz Jardines González, Sergio Luis Rodríguez Jiménez","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.90588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.90588","url":null,"abstract":"Los bioproductos agrícolas basados en microorganismos eficientes (EM) constituyen una alternativa viable para disminuir el uso de fertilizantes químicos, y tienen un efecto positivo sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas. Este trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de microorganismos eficientes (EM) y FitoMas-E® en la producción de plántulas de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.), para lo cual se realizó un experimento en un jardín organopónico en el municipio de Matanzas, Cuba. Se estudiaron cuatro tratamientos: control (sin aplicación de los bio-productos), EM (4 mL m-2), FitoMas-E® (0.1 mL m-2) y EM (4 mL m-2)+ FitoMas-E® (0.1 mL m-2). Se estableció un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con tres repeticiones por tratamiento. Se realizó un análisis de varianza para determinar diferencias entre los tratamientos y la prueba de Rangos Múltiples de Duncan para la comparación entre las medias. Se evaluaron los indicadores altura de las plántulas (cm), número de hojas por plántula, diámetro del tallo (mm), longitud de la raíz (cm), el índice de esbeltez, peso fresco y seco foliar y de la raíz (g) y la relación parte aérea/raíz con relación al peso seco. La aplicación de EM y FitoMas-E® tuvo un efecto positivo sobre el crecimiento y la calidad de las plántulas de pimiento en semillero. El tratamiento 4 mostró los mejores resultados con relación a los indicadores morfológicos: altura de la planta (17.19 cm), número de hojas (6.01), diámetro del tallo (3.98 mm), longitud de la raíz (8.82 cm), así como en el peso fresco y seco de las hojas y de las raíces. La aplicación combinada de EM y FitoMas-E fue efectiva para estimular el crecimiento de la raíz y los órganos aéreos, manteniendo una relación parte aérea/raíz entre 1.28 y 2.5, lo cual es importante en función de obtener plántulas de pimiento con calidad.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89169301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.93102
Jamer Alexis Ramirez Jimenez, Paulo Eduardo Ribeiro Marchiori, Ó. Córdoba-Gaona
Grafting is an effective approach to improve tomato yield and for tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses. This technique consists of using a vigorous or resistant plant (rootstock) to replace the root system of a genotype of economic interest (scion) but susceptible to one or more stress factors. The present work aimed to evaluate the physiological and productive response of a commercial tomato scion grafted on different rootstocks in Colombia’s high-Andean region. For this purpose, a tomato cv. Libertador was grafted on two commercial (“Olimpo” and “Armada”) tomato rootstocks in a randomized complete block experimental design. Four scion×rootstock combinations were evaluated by vigor rootstock, resistant rootstock, self-grafting, and non-grafted plants. Net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and radiation use efficiency were evaluated during six phenological stages (701, 704, 706, 708, 710, and 712), according to the BBCH scale; while the leaf area index and quantum yield were analyzed in five phenological stages (except 706). The highest values of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, water and radiation use efficiency were registered in the initial phase of the production stage (701), which tended to decline at the end of the life cycle (712). Transpiration rate was similar throughout the growth cycle. Nevertheless, vigor rootstock presented the lowest photosynthesis rate; it was superior in terms of leaf area index, leaves dry matter, and tomato yield. The quantum yield values of the photosystem II did not indicate photochemical injuries in any of the scion×rootstock combinations. The higher tomato yield was reached in vigor rootstock and was associated with a more significant accumulation of dry matter in the leaf and higher leaf area index.
{"title":"Grafting effect on photosynthetic activity and yield of tomato under a plastic house in Colombia","authors":"Jamer Alexis Ramirez Jimenez, Paulo Eduardo Ribeiro Marchiori, Ó. Córdoba-Gaona","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.93102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.93102","url":null,"abstract":"Grafting is an effective approach to improve tomato yield and for tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses. This technique consists of using a vigorous or resistant plant (rootstock) to replace the root system of a genotype of economic interest (scion) but susceptible to one or more stress factors. The present work aimed to evaluate the physiological and productive response of a commercial tomato scion grafted on different rootstocks in Colombia’s high-Andean region. For this purpose, a tomato cv. Libertador was grafted on two commercial (“Olimpo” and “Armada”) tomato rootstocks in a randomized complete block experimental design. Four scion×rootstock combinations were evaluated by vigor rootstock, resistant rootstock, self-grafting, and non-grafted plants. Net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and radiation use efficiency were evaluated during six phenological stages (701, 704, 706, 708, 710, and 712), according to the BBCH scale; while the leaf area index and quantum yield were analyzed in five phenological stages (except 706). The highest values of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, water and radiation use efficiency were registered in the initial phase of the production stage (701), which tended to decline at the end of the life cycle (712). Transpiration rate was similar throughout the growth cycle. Nevertheless, vigor rootstock presented the lowest photosynthesis rate; it was superior in terms of leaf area index, leaves dry matter, and tomato yield. The quantum yield values of the photosystem II did not indicate photochemical injuries in any of the scion×rootstock combinations. The higher tomato yield was reached in vigor rootstock and was associated with a more significant accumulation of dry matter in the leaf and higher leaf area index.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86911446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.91461
Juan Carlos Leal Echeverri, C. Tobón
El problema de la disponibilidad de agua y su importante papel en el sector agrícola, específicamente en la presión que existe actualmente por el recurso hídrico, pero además en países como Colombia donde el cultivo del café tiene una importancia histórica, cultural y económica, lo que hace necesario un estudio de la huella hídrica de este cultivo en el país. Aquí se presentan los resultados de la huella hídrica de la producción de café (cultivo y beneficio) en Colombia, por el método de beneficio tradicional y ecológico. Para su cálculo se siguió la metodología propuesta por Water Footprint Network. La huella hídrica verde promedio del cultivo de café en Colombia es de 8.746 m3 t-1, no tiene huella hídrica azul porque no requiere riego y la huella hídrica gris es del orden de 7.000 m3 t-1. El beneficio tradicional de café no tiene huella hídrica verde, la huella hídrica azul es de 4.00 m3 t-1 y tiene una huella hídrica gris de 3.200 m3 t-1. El beneficio ecológico Becolsub® tiene una huella hídrica de azul de 0,60 m3 t-1 y una huella hídrica gris de 1.739 m3 t-1; mientras la tecnología Ecomill® sin vertimientos de aguas residuales tiene una huella hídrica azul de 0,55 m3 t-1 y no tiene huella hídrica gris porque no presenta vertimientos. Esto implica que el método de procesamiento ecológico Becolsub® Esto implica que el método de procesamiento ecológico Becolsub® disminuye la huellahídrica en un 45,7% y en un 99,9% con el proceso ecológico Ecomill® (sin descarga de aguas residuales) en comparación con la tecnología tradicional de procesamiento húmedo. A nivel mundial, Vietnam cuenta con la menor huella hídrica, seguido por Colombia, Etiopia, Brasil, Perú e Indonesia. La huella hídrica del café, depende del clima y el rendimiento del cultivo, por esta razón, la huella hídrica del cultivo de café varia significativamente con el lugar y el periodo de evaluación.
{"title":"The water footprint of coffee production in Colombia","authors":"Juan Carlos Leal Echeverri, C. Tobón","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.91461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.91461","url":null,"abstract":"El problema de la disponibilidad de agua y su importante papel en el sector agrícola, específicamente en la presión que existe actualmente por el recurso hídrico, pero además en países como Colombia donde el cultivo del café tiene una importancia histórica, cultural y económica, lo que hace necesario un estudio de la huella hídrica de este cultivo en el país. Aquí se presentan los resultados de la huella hídrica de la producción de café (cultivo y beneficio) en Colombia, por el método de beneficio tradicional y ecológico. Para su cálculo se siguió la metodología propuesta por Water Footprint Network. La huella hídrica verde promedio del cultivo de café en Colombia es de 8.746 m3 t-1, no tiene huella hídrica azul porque no requiere riego y la huella hídrica gris es del orden de 7.000 m3 t-1. El beneficio tradicional de café no tiene huella hídrica verde, la huella hídrica azul es de 4.00 m3 t-1 y tiene una huella hídrica gris de 3.200 m3 t-1. El beneficio ecológico Becolsub® tiene una huella hídrica de azul de 0,60 m3 t-1 y una huella hídrica gris de 1.739 m3 t-1; mientras la tecnología Ecomill® sin vertimientos de aguas residuales tiene una huella hídrica azul de 0,55 m3 t-1 y no tiene huella hídrica gris porque no presenta vertimientos. Esto implica que el método de procesamiento ecológico Becolsub® Esto implica que el método de procesamiento ecológico Becolsub® disminuye la huellahídrica en un 45,7% y en un 99,9% con el proceso ecológico Ecomill® (sin descarga de aguas residuales) en comparación con la tecnología tradicional de procesamiento húmedo. A nivel mundial, Vietnam cuenta con la menor huella hídrica, seguido por Colombia, Etiopia, Brasil, Perú e Indonesia. La huella hídrica del café, depende del clima y el rendimiento del cultivo, por esta razón, la huella hídrica del cultivo de café varia significativamente con el lugar y el periodo de evaluación.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81938083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.15446/RFNAM.V74N2.90319
S. Santacruz, J. Cedeño
Post-harvest treatments of fruits and vegetables can help to reduce the attack of microorganisms especially the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. Alkaline water solutions were used to control of the growth of Botrytis cinerea, Rhizopus stolonifer, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). Strawberries were inoculated with the microorganisms and afterwards were immersed in alkaline solutions of pH 11, 12 and 13. In vitro microbiological analyses were used to evaluate the presence of the microorganisms after fruit immersion in alkaline solutions, while the disc diffusion method was used to study the inhibition of microorganism growth. According to the results, alkaline solutions at pH 13 can be utilized to control Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer in strawberries. The immersion of strawberries in alkaline solutions at pH 13 for 60 min allowed to control in vitro development of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli.
{"title":"Alkaline solution as a control of Botrytis cinerea, Rhizopus stolonifer, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli growth in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa)","authors":"S. Santacruz, J. Cedeño","doi":"10.15446/RFNAM.V74N2.90319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/RFNAM.V74N2.90319","url":null,"abstract":"Post-harvest treatments of fruits and vegetables can help to reduce the attack of microorganisms especially the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. Alkaline water solutions were used to control of the growth of Botrytis cinerea, Rhizopus stolonifer, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). Strawberries were inoculated with the microorganisms and afterwards were immersed in alkaline solutions of pH 11, 12 and 13. In vitro microbiological analyses were used to evaluate the presence of the microorganisms after fruit immersion in alkaline solutions, while the disc diffusion method was used to study the inhibition of microorganism growth. According to the results, alkaline solutions at pH 13 can be utilized to control Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer in strawberries. The immersion of strawberries in alkaline solutions at pH 13 for 60 min allowed to control in vitro development of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85824747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.93619
J. Valverde
The determination of leaf nitrogen content (LNC) by indirect methods is essential for silvicultural management of forest crops. The application of photography or rapid measurement equipment, such as chlorophyll index (soil-plant analysis development-SPAD), is increasingly used due to its low-cost, ease of estimation and accuracy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate foliar nitrogen content from nondestructive methods in plantations of Eucalyptus tereticornis and Eucalyptus saligna using three urea treatments (120 kg N ha-1, 240 kg N ha-1 and a control treatment without urea). For each treatment, 10 trees were selected, including four for the validation of the equations. The LNC was directly evaluated for color with the CIEL*a*b* model, photographic measurement with the RGB model, SPAD measurement and destructive estimation of nitrogen in leaves. The results showed negative relationships with the L* (luminosity) and b* (trend from yellow to green) indices, while the a* (red to green trend) index was discarded, with SPAD positive relationships were found with LNC and RGB space. In the R and B indices, the greatest negative relationships were found. It was determined that the multivariate equation Y=a+b1x1+b2x2+…+bnxn can be used for this type of study. It was also determined that the LNC=0.389+0.026SPAD model was the optimum for E. tereticornis and the LNC=3.826-0.001R-0.10B equation was the optimum for E. saligna.
间接法测定叶片氮含量对森林作物的造林经营具有重要意义。摄影或快速测量设备，如叶绿素指数(soil-plant analysis development-SPAD)，由于其成本低，易于估计和准确的应用越来越多。因此，本研究的目的是利用非破坏性方法估算三种尿素处理(120 kg N ha-1、240 kg N ha-1和不施用尿素的对照处理)下虎角桉和盐柳桉人工林叶片氮含量。每个处理选择10棵树，其中4棵用于验证方程。用CIEL*a*b*模型直接评价LNC的颜色，用RGB模型进行照相测量，用SPAD测量和叶片氮的破坏性估算。结果表明，与L*(亮度)和b*(黄向绿趋势)指数呈负相关，a*(红向绿趋势)指数被丢弃，与LNC和RGB空间呈SPAD正相关。在R和B指标中，存在最大的负相关关系。我们确定多元方程Y=a+b1x1+b2x2+…+bnxn可以用于这类研究。结果表明，拟合羊角菌的最佳模型为LNC=0.389+0.026SPAD，拟合羊角菌的最佳模型为LNC=3.826-0.001R-0.10B。
{"title":"Estimation of leaf nitrogen content from nondestructive methods in Eucalyptus tereticornis and Eucalyptus saligna plantations","authors":"J. Valverde","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.93619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.93619","url":null,"abstract":"The determination of leaf nitrogen content (LNC) by indirect methods is essential for silvicultural management of forest crops. The application of photography or rapid measurement equipment, such as chlorophyll index (soil-plant analysis development-SPAD), is increasingly used due to its low-cost, ease of estimation and accuracy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate foliar nitrogen content from nondestructive methods in plantations of Eucalyptus tereticornis and Eucalyptus saligna using three urea treatments (120 kg N ha-1, 240 kg N ha-1 and a control treatment without urea). For each treatment, 10 trees were selected, including four for the validation of the equations. The LNC was directly evaluated for color with the CIEL*a*b* model, photographic measurement with the RGB model, SPAD measurement and destructive estimation of nitrogen in leaves. The results showed negative relationships with the L* (luminosity) and b* (trend from yellow to green) indices, while the a* (red to green trend) index was discarded, with SPAD positive relationships were found with LNC and RGB space. In the R and B indices, the greatest negative relationships were found. It was determined that the multivariate equation Y=a+b1x1+b2x2+…+bnxn can be used for this type of study. It was also determined that the LNC=0.389+0.026SPAD model was the optimum for E. tereticornis and the LNC=3.826-0.001R-0.10B equation was the optimum for E. saligna.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74974149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15446/RFNAM.V74N1.89798
Mohamed Aissaoui, M. Fenni
Different levels of supplemental irrigation regimes on four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were evaluated, two of which were introduced into Sétif region by ACSAD institution, during the growing season 2013-2014, in order to assess the effect of deficit irrigation pattern on yield traits performance and to determine most suitable genotype for local semi-arid conditions. On the basis of the experimentation data, it was found that supplemental irrigation improved the investigated genotypes yield, which ranged from 220.03 g m-2 for variety El-wifak in rainfed conditions to 368.3 g m-2 for variety Djanet (ACSAD899) with an increase of about 67%; just by applying two irrigations, the first at the jointing stage and the second at mid-flowering stage. This increase was related to the improvement of most agronomic traits that correlated significantly and positively with grain yield, in response to supplemental irrigation application. These findings indicated that Djanet (ACSAD899) was a genotype successfully introduced under irrigated conditions, while Hidhab (HD1220) with an average grain yield of 298.3 g m-2, proved to be more stable and well adapted to the locally rainfed conditions.
以2013-2014年ACSAD机构引种的4种小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)基因型为研究材料，研究了不同补灌方式对4种基因型产量性状的影响，并确定了最适合当地半干旱条件的基因型。结果表明，补灌提高了所研究基因型的产量，雨养条件下El-wifak的产量为220.03 g m-2, Djanet (ACSAD899)的产量为368.3 g m-2，增产约67%;只需浇两次水，第一次在拔节期，第二次在花期中期。这种增加与补灌后大多数农艺性状的改善有关，这些性状与产量呈显著正相关。这些结果表明，Djanet (ACSAD899)是在灌溉条件下成功引进的基因型，而Hidhab (HD1220)的平均产量为298.3 g m-2，被证明更加稳定，并且很好地适应了当地的旱作条件。
{"title":"Effect of supplemental irrigation on bread wheat genotypes yield under Mediterranean semi-arid conditions of north-eastern Algeria","authors":"Mohamed Aissaoui, M. Fenni","doi":"10.15446/RFNAM.V74N1.89798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/RFNAM.V74N1.89798","url":null,"abstract":" Different levels of supplemental irrigation regimes on four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were evaluated, two of which were introduced into Sétif region by ACSAD institution, during the growing season 2013-2014, in order to assess the effect of deficit irrigation pattern on yield traits performance and to determine most suitable genotype for local semi-arid conditions. On the basis of the experimentation data, it was found that supplemental irrigation improved the investigated genotypes yield, which ranged from 220.03 g m-2 for variety El-wifak in rainfed conditions to 368.3 g m-2 for variety Djanet (ACSAD899) with an increase of about 67%; just by applying two irrigations, the first at the jointing stage and the second at mid-flowering stage. This increase was related to the improvement of most agronomic traits that correlated significantly and positively with grain yield, in response to supplemental irrigation application. These findings indicated that Djanet (ACSAD899) was a genotype successfully introduced under irrigated conditions, while Hidhab (HD1220) with an average grain yield of 298.3 g m-2, proved to be more stable and well adapted to the locally rainfed conditions.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78292619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15446/RFNAM.V74N1.87566
Juan José Lagos Regalado, Tulio Cesar Lagos Burbano, David Esteban Duarte Alvarado, Liz Katherine Lagos Santander
Phytophthora infestans is the most limiting biotic problem of potato crop in Colombia and the world. It is a pathogen that threatens the sustainability of the crop. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate work collections of potato to identify enotypes that show disease tolerance. The objective of this work was to select genotypes of Solanum tuberosum group Andigena by their tolerance to P. infestans. This study was carried out under conditions of Pasto, in the South of Colombia at 2,820 masl. A total of 76 introductions of guata potatoes were evaluated under natural inoculum, including Capiro as a susceptible control, Betina as moderately tolerant and Pastusa Suprema as highly tolerant. The number of stems and stolons per plant was registered. Disease severity assessments and traits related to the area under the disease progress curve were made. At harvest stage, yield values per plant and its components were recorded. Principal Component and Classification analyses discriminated tolerant introductions of susceptible. Significant positive correlations were found between the yield with the number of stolons, tubers per plant and tuber weight, and negative correlations with everity and area under the relative disease progress curve. The selected introductions showed high yield per plant and mostly minor severities to the population, indicating an agronomic potential that must be evaluated in different environments to determine its adaptability and stability. UdenarStGua53, UdenarStGua61, UdenarStGua68, UdenarStGua73, UdenarStGua75, UdenarStGua77 y UdenarStGua78, coming from the International Potato Center (CIP) are confirmed as a source of tolerance to P. infestans and can be considered as parental within species improvement programs.
{"title":"Selection of potato genotypes Solanum tuberosum group Andigena by their tolerance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) of Bary","authors":"Juan José Lagos Regalado, Tulio Cesar Lagos Burbano, David Esteban Duarte Alvarado, Liz Katherine Lagos Santander","doi":"10.15446/RFNAM.V74N1.87566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/RFNAM.V74N1.87566","url":null,"abstract":"Phytophthora infestans is the most limiting biotic problem of potato crop in Colombia and the world. It is a pathogen that threatens the sustainability of the crop. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate work collections of potato to identify enotypes that show disease tolerance. The objective of this work was to select genotypes of Solanum tuberosum group Andigena by their tolerance to P. infestans. This study was carried out under conditions of Pasto, in the South of Colombia at 2,820 masl. A total of 76 introductions of guata potatoes were evaluated under natural inoculum, including Capiro as a susceptible control, Betina as moderately tolerant and Pastusa Suprema as highly tolerant. The number of stems and stolons per plant was registered. Disease severity assessments and traits related to the area under the disease progress curve were made. At harvest stage, yield values per plant and its components were recorded. Principal Component and Classification analyses discriminated tolerant introductions of susceptible. Significant positive correlations were found between the yield with the number of stolons, tubers per plant and tuber weight, and negative correlations with everity and area under the relative disease progress curve. The selected introductions showed high yield per plant and mostly minor severities to the population, indicating an agronomic potential that must be evaluated in different environments to determine its adaptability and stability. UdenarStGua53, UdenarStGua61, UdenarStGua68, UdenarStGua73, UdenarStGua75, UdenarStGua77 y UdenarStGua78, coming from the International Potato Center (CIP) are confirmed as a source of tolerance to P. infestans and can be considered as parental within species improvement programs.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77620741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15446/RFNAM.V74N1.88835
Ya. P. Tsvey, R. Ivanina, V. Ivanina, S. Senchuk
Winter wheat is commonly cultivated in Ukraine. This crop has nutritional requirements that have been affected due to the climate changes that in the recent years the country has been suffered. In the spring season, the plant is found in growing stage, which requires a suitable nitrogen nutrition and it must be supplied due to the deficit of this element during the vegetative development. Within this framework, this study aimed to establish the optimal nitrogen rate for winter wheat that was applied in different configurations on leached black soil, and to determine the effectiveness of nitrogen application to the frozen soil surface in early spring as a basis for these fertilizations. The experiment was conducted at the Bila Tserkva ResearchSelection Station (Ukraine) during 2017–2019. The soil of this place corresponds to a leached loamy black soil (Mollisol) with content of organic matter between 3.6-3.8%, mobile phosphorus (P2O5) 156-166 mg kg-1, potassium (K2O) 64-77 mg kg-1, and pHKCl 5.8–6.3. A randomized experimental design with four nitrogen rates (0, 60, 80, 110 kg ha-1) with four replications as factorial arrangement was used. The results indicated that winter wheat yield was significantly affected by all nitrogen fertilizer rates (P<0.05). The highest average grain yield was obtained with 110 kg ha-1 nitrogen rate that combined application nitrogen to the frozen soil surface and the foliar feeding with 6.90 t ha-1. In years of regular precipitation during the growing season (2018-2019), nitrogen fertilizers had a more pronounced effect on winter wheat yield than in a year of precipitation deficiency (2017). A significant increase in grain protein content was obtained in variants where foliar feeding of winter wheat with urea solution was a part of fertilization strategy; it was attributed to nitrogen rates of 80 and 110 kg ha-1. The increase in protein content of the grain was less dependent on the weather conditions and was stable through the years of experiment.
冬小麦在乌克兰普遍种植。由于近年来该国遭受的气候变化，这种作物的营养需求受到了影响。在春季，植物处于生长阶段，需要适当的氮营养，由于营养发育过程中氮元素的缺乏，必须提供氮。在此框架下，本研究旨在建立不同配置下冬小麦在淋溶黑土上的最佳施氮量，并确定早春冻土表面施氮的有效性，作为这些施肥的基础。实验于2017-2019年在Bila Tserkva研究选择站(乌克兰)进行。土壤为淋溶壤土(Mollisol)，有机质含量3.6 ~ 3.8%，流动磷(P2O5) 156 ~ 166 mg kg-1，钾(K2O) 64 ~ 77 mg kg-1, pHKCl 5.8 ~ 6.3。采用随机试验设计，4个试验重复，氮浓度分别为0、60、80、110 kg hm -1。结果表明，各施氮量对冬小麦产量均有显著影响(P<0.05)。以110 kg hm -1施氮量和6.90 t hm -1叶面施氮量相结合的方式，籽粒平均产量最高。在生长季降水正常的年份(2018-2019年)，氮肥对冬小麦产量的影响比降水不足年份(2017年)更为显著。冬小麦叶面施用尿素溶液作为施肥策略的一部分，籽粒蛋白质含量显著增加;其原因是施氮量为80和110 kg hm -1。籽粒蛋白质含量的增加对天气条件的依赖性较小，并且通过多年的试验保持稳定。
{"title":"Yield and quality of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain in relation to nitrogen fertilization","authors":"Ya. P. Tsvey, R. Ivanina, V. Ivanina, S. Senchuk","doi":"10.15446/RFNAM.V74N1.88835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/RFNAM.V74N1.88835","url":null,"abstract":"Winter wheat is commonly cultivated in Ukraine. This crop has nutritional requirements that have been affected due to the climate changes that in the recent years the country has been suffered. In the spring season, the plant is found in growing stage, which requires a suitable nitrogen nutrition and it must be supplied due to the deficit of this element during the vegetative development. Within this framework, this study aimed to establish the optimal nitrogen rate for winter wheat that was applied in different configurations on leached black soil, and to determine the effectiveness of nitrogen application to the frozen soil surface in early spring as a basis for these fertilizations. The experiment was conducted at the Bila Tserkva ResearchSelection Station (Ukraine) during 2017–2019. The soil of this place corresponds to a leached loamy black soil (Mollisol) with content of organic matter between 3.6-3.8%, mobile phosphorus (P2O5) 156-166 mg kg-1, potassium (K2O) 64-77 mg kg-1, and pHKCl 5.8–6.3. A randomized experimental design with four nitrogen rates (0, 60, 80, 110 kg ha-1) with four replications as factorial arrangement was used. The results indicated that winter wheat yield was significantly affected by all nitrogen fertilizer rates (P<0.05). The highest average grain yield was obtained with 110 kg ha-1 nitrogen rate that combined application nitrogen to the frozen soil surface and the foliar feeding with 6.90 t ha-1. In years of regular precipitation during the growing season (2018-2019), nitrogen fertilizers had a more pronounced effect on winter wheat yield than in a year of precipitation deficiency (2017). A significant increase in grain protein content was obtained in variants where foliar feeding of winter wheat with urea solution was a part of fertilization strategy; it was attributed to nitrogen rates of 80 and 110 kg ha-1. The increase in protein content of the grain was less dependent on the weather conditions and was stable through the years of experiment.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75286645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.90820
C. J. Márquez Cardozo, Daniela Molina Hernández, Birina Luz Caballero, H. C. Ciro Velásquez, Diego Alonso Restrepo Molina, G. C. Correa Londoño
Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), also called squash is a mass consumption fruit used in agroindustrial transformations to obtain new food products. This study aimed to evaluate the physical, physiological and physicochemical properties during a storage period of 42 days and the nutritional compounds of the freshly harvested fruit fractions. According to the CIEL*a*b* space, both the pulp and peel did not present significant changes in L* and a* values during the evaluated storage time; however, in the peel, a change in the b* values was evidenced. In addition, there was a decrease in the firmness of 10.8% in the fruit with peel and in the pulp, it was of 19.8% was observed, with a whole fruit weight loss of 2.33% and an average respiration rate of 6.9 mg CO2 kg-1h-1. According to physicochemical characteristics evaluated in the pulp, the values of pH, percentage of humidity, acidity, water activity and total soluble solids had no statistically significant changes occurred during the storage time. At the nutritional level, pumpkin is a good source of minerals, with a high concentration of potassium in all its fractions, and also has in total carotenoids (4.11±1.6 mg of β-carotene g-1 oven dry (o.d) in pulp and 6.24±2.7 mg of β-carotene g-1 (o.d) in peel). It was possible to conclude that the pumpkin has a low respiration rate, maintaining its physicochemical characteristics suitable for consumption throughout the evaluation period, presenting suitable conditions.
{"title":"Physical, physiological, physicochemical and nutritional characterization of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) in postharvest stage cultivated in Antioquia-Colombia","authors":"C. J. Márquez Cardozo, Daniela Molina Hernández, Birina Luz Caballero, H. C. Ciro Velásquez, Diego Alonso Restrepo Molina, G. C. Correa Londoño","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.90820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.90820","url":null,"abstract":"Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), also called squash is a mass consumption fruit used in agroindustrial transformations to obtain new food products. This study aimed to evaluate the physical, physiological and physicochemical properties during a storage period of 42 days and the nutritional compounds of the freshly harvested fruit fractions. According to the CIEL*a*b* space, both the pulp and peel did not present significant changes in L* and a* values during the evaluated storage time; however, in the peel, a change in the b* values was evidenced. In addition, there was a decrease in the firmness of 10.8% in the fruit with peel and in the pulp, it was of 19.8% was observed, with a whole fruit weight loss of 2.33% and an average respiration rate of 6.9 mg CO2 kg-1h-1. According to physicochemical characteristics evaluated in the pulp, the values of pH, percentage of humidity, acidity, water activity and total soluble solids had no statistically significant changes occurred during the storage time. At the nutritional level, pumpkin is a good source of minerals, with a high concentration of potassium in all its fractions, and also has in total carotenoids (4.11±1.6 mg of β-carotene g-1 oven dry (o.d) in pulp and 6.24±2.7 mg of β-carotene g-1 (o.d) in peel). It was possible to conclude that the pumpkin has a low respiration rate, maintaining its physicochemical characteristics suitable for consumption throughout the evaluation period, presenting suitable conditions.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81791949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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