Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.78980
Babarita Mitjans, J. Escobar, Gervásia Musaico Lopes
With the aim of propose lines of work for the community’s appropriate self-management and of the native fruit trees in Munhiba, province of Zambézia (Mozambique), it was carried out a study of the perception of the local actors about the causes of deterioration of the fruit trees, as well as their economic, social, and environmental importance. It was used intentional sampling by selecting 118 local actors. In order to develop a Participatory Rapid Diagnosis, exchange workshops and field visits were also performed to identify the fruit species and their use. For the information gathering, semi-structured interviews were applied together with the use of simple and participant observation. Frequency and correlation of variables (Rho of Spearman) were developed for data processing. Among the most important results found the botanical classification of the fruit species, the perception of the local actors about the economic, social, and environmental importance as well as causes of deterioration, identification of strengths and weaknesses for the management of the native fruit trees and a proposal of work lines for their self-management. Despite the potential of native fruit trees in the territory of study, it was not appreciated yet proper management due to the lack of knowledge of the production process that could lead to the progressive deterioration of the species and the ecosystem where they inhabit.
为了提出社区适当自我管理和赞比亚(莫桑比克)省Munhiba本地果树的工作方针，对当地行动者对果树退化的原因及其经济、社会和环境重要性的看法进行了一项研究。采用有意抽样的方法，选取118名地方行动者。为了发展参与式快速诊断，还进行了交流讲习班和实地考察，以确定水果种类及其用途。在信息收集方面，采用半结构化访谈法，并结合简单参与式观察法。频率和变量的相关性(Rho of Spearman)被开发用于数据处理。其中最重要的成果包括:果树种类的植物学分类，当地参与者对经济、社会和环境重要性的认识以及退化的原因，本地果树管理的优势和劣势的识别，以及他们自我管理的工作路线的建议。尽管本地果树在研究领域具有潜力，但由于缺乏对生产过程的了解，可能导致物种及其栖息的生态系统逐渐恶化，因此尚未得到适当的管理。
{"title":"Integral and sustainable community self-management of the native fruit trees of Munhiba, Mozambique","authors":"Babarita Mitjans, J. Escobar, Gervásia Musaico Lopes","doi":"10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.78980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.78980","url":null,"abstract":"With the aim of propose lines of work for the community’s appropriate self-management and of the native fruit trees in Munhiba, province of Zambézia (Mozambique), it was carried out a study of the perception of the local actors about the causes of deterioration of the fruit trees, as well as their economic, social, and environmental importance. It was used intentional sampling by selecting 118 local actors. In order to develop a Participatory Rapid Diagnosis, exchange workshops and field visits were also performed to identify the fruit species and their use. For the information gathering, semi-structured interviews were applied together with the use of simple and participant observation. Frequency and correlation of variables (Rho of Spearman) were developed for data processing. Among the most important results found the botanical classification of the fruit species, the perception of the local actors about the economic, social, and environmental importance as well as causes of deterioration, identification of strengths and weaknesses for the management of the native fruit trees and a proposal of work lines for their self-management. Despite the potential of native fruit trees in the territory of study, it was not appreciated yet proper management due to the lack of knowledge of the production process that could lead to the progressive deterioration of the species and the ecosystem where they inhabit.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84874664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.73226
V. Sousa, A. Meneses, E. Rodrigues, A. Gonçalves, T. I. Silva, R. Rodrigues, Petrônio D. dos Santos, Leossávio César de Souza
Soybean (Glycine max) is a crop of high economic power in the world, being used to produce vegetable oil, as well as a source of food for animals and humans. Recent research indicates that nutrient application in the seed stage contributes to the early and productive development of crops. Since silicon (Si), as a nutrient for plants, acts in the cellular structure and the formation and performance of plant architecture, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of silicon application via seeds on the initial growth of three soybean cultivars. The experimental design was a randomized block. The treatments were replicated three times and distributed in a 3×5 factorial scheme, composed by three soybean cultivars (C1 - FTR 1186 IPRO, C2 - FTR 1192 IPRO and C3 - FTR 3190 IPRO) and five silicon doses (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 g per 100 kg of seeds). The data were submitted to ANOVA by F-test and polynomial regression analysis for the silicon doses; the cultivars response was evaluated through the Tukey mean test. The treatment of soybean seeds with silicon did not positively influence the root dry mass of the FTR 1192 IPRO, nor the root length and root diameter of the FTR 1186 IPRO. The application of silicon did not influence the FTR 3190 IPRO.
{"title":"Seed treatment with silicon on initial growth of soybean (Glycine max) cultivars","authors":"V. Sousa, A. Meneses, E. Rodrigues, A. Gonçalves, T. I. Silva, R. Rodrigues, Petrônio D. dos Santos, Leossávio César de Souza","doi":"10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.73226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.73226","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean (Glycine max) is a crop of high economic power in the world, being used to produce vegetable oil, as well as a source of food for animals and humans. Recent research indicates that nutrient application in the seed stage contributes to the early and productive development of crops. Since silicon (Si), as a nutrient for plants, acts in the cellular structure and the formation and performance of plant architecture, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of silicon application via seeds on the initial growth of three soybean cultivars. The experimental design was a randomized block. The treatments were replicated three times and distributed in a 3×5 factorial scheme, composed by three soybean cultivars (C1 - FTR 1186 IPRO, C2 - FTR 1192 IPRO and C3 - FTR 3190 IPRO) and five silicon doses (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 g per 100 kg of seeds). The data were submitted to ANOVA by F-test and polynomial regression analysis for the silicon doses; the cultivars response was evaluated through the Tukey mean test. The treatment of soybean seeds with silicon did not positively influence the root dry mass of the FTR 1192 IPRO, nor the root length and root diameter of the FTR 1186 IPRO. The application of silicon did not influence the FTR 3190 IPRO.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75177735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.74573
L. Hennessey-Ramos, W. Murillo-Arango, Giovanni Tovar Guayabo
The present research evaluated the antioxidant, antimicrobial and in vitro coloring capacity of extracts with different polarity obtained from avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill cv. Lorena). Besides, avocado oil was extracted from the residual mesocarps of P. americana Mill Hass cultivar by Soxhlet methodology, and the physicochemical properties of the extracted oil, as well as its fatty acid composition, were evaluated. Both the colorant and the avocado oil were used as supplies for a liquid soap type formulation. The antioxidant activity of the colorant extracts was determined by DPPH whereby water extracts showed the highest activity among the treatments. None of the extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The iodine value (177.52 cg I2 g-1) indicated that the avocado oil obtained has a high degree of unsaturation, and the Saponification index had a value of 190.74 mg KOH g-1. The colorant extracted with NaOH (L*=0.15, a*=0.05, and b*=-0.44) from the seeds was completely stable in a liquid soap matrix at pH 6.2 during one month of storage. This analysis suggests that it has high opportunities in the soap and cosmetic industry.
研究了鳄梨种子(Persea americana Mill cv.)不同极性提取物的抗氧化、抗菌和体外着色能力。罗瑞拉)。此外，采用索氏法从美洲鳄梨(P. americana Mill Hass)栽培品种的残中果皮中提取鳄梨油，并对提取油的理化性质和脂肪酸组成进行了评价。着色剂和鳄梨油都被用作液体肥皂型配方的原料。用DPPH法测定着色剂提取物的抗氧化活性，其中水提取物的抗氧化活性最高。对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 29213和大肠杆菌ATCC 25922均无抑菌活性。碘值(177.52 cg I2 g-1)表明所得牛油果油具有较高的不饱和程度，皂化指数为190.74 mg KOH g-1。用NaOH (L*=0.15, a*=0.05, b*=-0.44)提取的着色剂在pH为6.2的液体皂基质中保存1个月完全稳定。这一分析表明，它在肥皂和化妆品行业有很高的机会。
{"title":"Evaluation of a colorant and oil extracted from avocado waste as functional components of a liquid soap formulation","authors":"L. Hennessey-Ramos, W. Murillo-Arango, Giovanni Tovar Guayabo","doi":"10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.74573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.74573","url":null,"abstract":"The present research evaluated the antioxidant, antimicrobial and in vitro coloring capacity of extracts with different polarity obtained from avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill cv. Lorena). Besides, avocado oil was extracted from the residual mesocarps of P. americana Mill Hass cultivar by Soxhlet methodology, and the physicochemical properties of the extracted oil, as well as its fatty acid composition, were evaluated. Both the colorant and the avocado oil were used as supplies for a liquid soap type formulation. The antioxidant activity of the colorant extracts was determined by DPPH whereby water extracts showed the highest activity among the treatments. None of the extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The iodine value (177.52 cg I2 g-1) indicated that the avocado oil obtained has a high degree of unsaturation, and the Saponification index had a value of 190.74 mg KOH g-1. The colorant extracted with NaOH (L*=0.15, a*=0.05, and b*=-0.44) from the seeds was completely stable in a liquid soap matrix at pH 6.2 during one month of storage. This analysis suggests that it has high opportunities in the soap and cosmetic industry.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73712556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.79445
Gustavo Jiménez Narváez
{"title":"Ochenta años de la Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín 1939 – 2019","authors":"Gustavo Jiménez Narváez","doi":"10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.79445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.79445","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85597273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.68510
Tamara Rocha dos Santos, J. Galvão, Jeferson Giehl, S. P. Coelho, Silvane de Almeida Campos, Beatriz Ferreira Mendonça
The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytosociology of the weed communities in maize intercropped with legumes and coffee husk in an organic production system, emphasizing on the relative importance of the weeds and their biomass. The experiment was implemented with the following treatments: T1 - Maize intercropped with Phaseolus vulgaris and weed mowing, T2 – maize intercropped with Crotalaria juncea and weed mowing, T3 - Maize intercropped with Canavalia ensiformis and weed mowing, T4 - Maize intercropped with Cajanus cajan and weed mowing, T5 - Maize grown on soil covered with coffee husk (100 m3 ha-1) and manual weeding and T6 - Maize grown under conventional tillage system and manual weeding (control). The treatments were performed under a random block design with five replications each. A phytosociological analysis of the weeds was performed at stages V4, V8, and R1 to determine the relative importance (RI%) and biomass. The lowest biomass (11.6 g m-2) of weeds occurred when maize was grown on soil covered with coffee husk. In total, 13 species of weeds were identified, being Cyperus rotundus L. the most prevailing species (%). From this study, it was determined that growing maize on soil covered with coffee husk is an alternative to suppress weeds in the organic fresh maize system when coffee husk is available.
{"title":"Weed communities in the organic cultivation of fresh maize intercropped with legumes and coffee husk","authors":"Tamara Rocha dos Santos, J. Galvão, Jeferson Giehl, S. P. Coelho, Silvane de Almeida Campos, Beatriz Ferreira Mendonça","doi":"10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.68510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.68510","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytosociology of the weed communities in maize intercropped with legumes and coffee husk in an organic production system, emphasizing on the relative importance of the weeds and their biomass. The experiment was implemented with the following treatments: T1 - Maize intercropped with Phaseolus vulgaris and weed mowing, T2 – maize intercropped with Crotalaria juncea and weed mowing, T3 - Maize intercropped with Canavalia ensiformis and weed mowing, T4 - Maize intercropped with Cajanus cajan and weed mowing, T5 - Maize grown on soil covered with coffee husk (100 m3 ha-1) and manual weeding and T6 - Maize grown under conventional tillage system and manual weeding (control). The treatments were performed under a random block design with five replications each. A phytosociological analysis of the weeds was performed at stages V4, V8, and R1 to determine the relative importance (RI%) and biomass. The lowest biomass (11.6 g m-2) of weeds occurred when maize was grown on soil covered with coffee husk. In total, 13 species of weeds were identified, being Cyperus rotundus L. the most prevailing species (%). From this study, it was determined that growing maize on soil covered with coffee husk is an alternative to suppress weeds in the organic fresh maize system when coffee husk is available.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77557342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.72192
C. Pezzini, D. Silva, A. Köhler
The aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is considered one of the main pests in tobacco crops. By knowing their natural enemies, such as parasitoid wasp, is the first step to develop management strategies for the biological control of the aphids using local agents. For the success of using this tool, it must be considered some environmental factors like thermal tolerance. Therefore, the objective of this work was to survey the occurrence of the parasitoids of M. persicae associated with tobacco crops in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, as well as to evaluate the influence of temperature on the occurrence of these parasitoid species. During four crop seasons, tobacco leaves infested with aphids were collected in 42 cities of Rio Grande do Sul. The leaves with aphids were conditioned in plastic containers for ten days for later screening and verification of parasitoids’ emergence. In total, 2963 individuals of two emerging species were sampled: 78% were Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and 22% were Praon volucre (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Among the 42 cities sampled, the occurrence of parasitoids was detected in 25 of them. Under the conditions of this study, it was confirmed the influence of the temperature on the populations of the parasitoids of M. persicae. Individuals of P. volucre occurred preferably in temperatures below 22 °C, unlike to A. colemani, which preferred higher temperatures, above 22 °C, showing a different thermal tolerance between both species.
{"title":"Influence of temperature on the occurrence of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) parasitoids in tobacco crops in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil","authors":"C. Pezzini, D. Silva, A. Köhler","doi":"10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.72192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.72192","url":null,"abstract":"The aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is considered one of the main pests in tobacco crops. By knowing their natural enemies, such as parasitoid wasp, is the first step to develop management strategies for the biological control of the aphids using local agents. For the success of using this tool, it must be considered some environmental factors like thermal tolerance. Therefore, the objective of this work was to survey the occurrence of the parasitoids of M. persicae associated with tobacco crops in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, as well as to evaluate the influence of temperature on the occurrence of these parasitoid species. During four crop seasons, tobacco leaves infested with aphids were collected in 42 cities of Rio Grande do Sul. The leaves with aphids were conditioned in plastic containers for ten days for later screening and verification of parasitoids’ emergence. In total, 2963 individuals of two emerging species were sampled: 78% were Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and 22% were Praon volucre (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Among the 42 cities sampled, the occurrence of parasitoids was detected in 25 of them. Under the conditions of this study, it was confirmed the influence of the temperature on the populations of the parasitoids of M. persicae. Individuals of P. volucre occurred preferably in temperatures below 22 °C, unlike to A. colemani, which preferred higher temperatures, above 22 °C, showing a different thermal tolerance between both species.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78268482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.73888
Diana Lucia Giraldo-Charria, F. M. Moreno Hurtado, J. Salazar-Uribe
This research evaluated the effect of pruning, fertilization and pesticide injection on crown dieback in urban trees in Colombia and analyzed the factors involved. Systemic insecticides and/or fungicides were applied through injections in the trunk of 15 tree species affected by the progressive deterioration of the crown in the urban forests of the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley. The presence of progressive deterioration was evaluated qualitatively on a scale from zero to three in an average sample of 12 individuals for each species. Two treatments were used: i) application of insecticide + fungicide, and ii) application of insecticide, both treatments were applied three times, plus a general treatment of pruning and fertilization. Also, two controls were evaluated: healthy trees and diseased trees without treatment. The probability of individual progressive deterioration (PD) during the study period according to the species, treatment applied, and the initial state of affectation was estimated using a generalized linear mixed model. The analysis of factors involved also included planting site, traffic flow of the site, the wood density of the species, and time. The results suggest that the deterioration is a dynamic phenomenon associated with environmental stresses caused mainly by the climatic variability. From the evaluated variables, the species seems to be the most determinant factor for the affectation, since intrinsic variables of the species, like wood density, can favor its appearance. On the contrary, the treatments evaluated did not affect the recovery of the species. The action of insects and pathogens seems to be opportunistic once trees are affected.
{"title":"Effect of pruning, fertilization and pesticide injection on crown dieback in urban trees in Colombia: Analysis of factors involved","authors":"Diana Lucia Giraldo-Charria, F. M. Moreno Hurtado, J. Salazar-Uribe","doi":"10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.73888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.73888","url":null,"abstract":"This research evaluated the effect of pruning, fertilization and pesticide injection on crown dieback in urban trees in Colombia and analyzed the factors involved. Systemic insecticides and/or fungicides were applied through injections in the trunk of 15 tree species affected by the progressive deterioration of the crown in the urban forests of the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley. The presence of progressive deterioration was evaluated qualitatively on a scale from zero to three in an average sample of 12 individuals for each species. Two treatments were used: i) application of insecticide + fungicide, and ii) application of insecticide, both treatments were applied three times, plus a general treatment of pruning and fertilization. Also, two controls were evaluated: healthy trees and diseased trees without treatment. The probability of individual progressive deterioration (PD) during the study period according to the species, treatment applied, and the initial state of affectation was estimated using a generalized linear mixed model. The analysis of factors involved also included planting site, traffic flow of the site, the wood density of the species, and time. The results suggest that the deterioration is a dynamic phenomenon associated with environmental stresses caused mainly by the climatic variability. From the evaluated variables, the species seems to be the most determinant factor for the affectation, since intrinsic variables of the species, like wood density, can favor its appearance. On the contrary, the treatments evaluated did not affect the recovery of the species. The action of insects and pathogens seems to be opportunistic once trees are affected.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74758521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organic waste is considered a substrate of great interest to produce biohydrogen. In the present work, the influence of some physical and chemical parameters in the operation of a bioreactor for biohydrogen generation were studied, taking as a substrate organic residue from a wholesale food market without adding inoculum. Therefore, an experimental design of central composition was made, with four factors and two levels. The dependent variables were maximum hydrogen content (% of H2), daily production of hydrogen (L H2 d-1) and its cumulative production (L H2). The independent variables were operation pH (pHo), pH of acidification (pHa), the duration time of the acidification stage, and stirring. A numerical optimization was carried out, allowing the prioritization of the factors, and maximizing the response variables. Resulting in a yield of up to 14.9 L H2 d-1, a hydrogen content of 49.2% and a cumulative production of 21.6 L H2, for pHa values of 4.9; pHo between 6 and 6.1; acidification time of 2 d and stirring of 41.4 rpm. Likewise, a graphical optimization was carried out, reaching 14.9 L H2 d-1, a hydrogen content of 44.2% and an accumulated 22.8 L H2, for pHa values between 4.5 and 4.95; pHo between 5.6 and 6.3; acidification time of 2 d, and stirring of 37.1 rpm. Maximum yields were 1.9 L H2 Lwaste.day-1, 4800 mL H2 gCOD-1, and 608.6 mL H2 gTVSadded-1, values similar to those reported by other authors using organic waste in the production of hydrogen, using inoculum.
有机废物被认为是生产生物氢的重要基础。本文以某食品批发市场的有机残渣为底物，在不添加接种物的情况下，研究了几种理化参数对生物制氢反应器运行的影响。为此，设计了四因素两水平的中心组合试验设计。因变量为最大含氢量(% of H2)、日产氢量(L H2 d-1)和累计产氢量(L H2)。自变量为操作pH (pHo)、酸化pH (pHa)、酸化阶段持续时间和搅拌。进行了数值优化，使各因素优先化，并使响应变量最大化。在pHa值为4.9的条件下，H2 d-1产率高达14.9 L，氢含量为49.2%，累计H2产量为21.6 L;pHo介乎6至6.1;酸化时间2 d，搅拌41.4 rpm。同样进行了图形优化，当pHa值在4.5 ~ 4.95之间时，H2 d-1为14.9 L，氢含量为44.2%，累计H2为22.8 L;ph值介乎5.6至6.3;酸化时间为2 d，搅拌速度为37.1 rpm。最高产量为1.9 L H2 Lwaste。第1天，4800 mL H2 gCOD-1和608.6 mL H2 gtvsadd -1，与其他作者使用接种物利用有机废物产氢的结果相似。
{"title":"Incidence of operative parameters in the production of biohydrogen generated from urban organic waste","authors":"Edilson León Moreno-Cárdenas, Deisy Yuliana Cano Quintero","doi":"10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.73138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.73138","url":null,"abstract":"Organic waste is considered a substrate of great interest to produce biohydrogen. In the present work, the influence of some physical and chemical parameters in the operation of a bioreactor for biohydrogen generation were studied, taking as a substrate organic residue from a wholesale food market without adding inoculum. Therefore, an experimental design of central composition was made, with four factors and two levels. The dependent variables were maximum hydrogen content (% of H2), daily production of hydrogen (L H2 d-1) and its cumulative production (L H2). The independent variables were operation pH (pHo), pH of acidification (pHa), the duration time of the acidification stage, and stirring. A numerical optimization was carried out, allowing the prioritization of the factors, and maximizing the response variables. Resulting in a yield of up to 14.9 L H2 d-1, a hydrogen content of 49.2% and a cumulative production of 21.6 L H2, for pHa values of 4.9; pHo between 6 and 6.1; acidification time of 2 d and stirring of 41.4 rpm. Likewise, a graphical optimization was carried out, reaching 14.9 L H2 d-1, a hydrogen content of 44.2% and an accumulated 22.8 L H2, for pHa values between 4.5 and 4.95; pHo between 5.6 and 6.3; acidification time of 2 d, and stirring of 37.1 rpm. Maximum yields were 1.9 L H2 Lwaste.day-1, 4800 mL H2 gCOD-1, and 608.6 mL H2 gTVSadded-1, values similar to those reported by other authors using organic waste in the production of hydrogen, using inoculum.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76733661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-07DOI: 10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.70238
D. Rodríguez, J. Beaver, C. E. D. Jensen, T. Porch
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important edible legume in the world and is an important source of income for farmers and food for millions of families. Angular Leaf Spot (ALS), caused by the fungus Pseudocercospora griseola (Sacc.) Ferraris, is one of the most important diseases in the production of common bean with the potential to cause significant seed yield losses. An effective and environmentally friendly alternative to control this disease is the use of improved varieties that combine resistance genes of Andean and Mesoamerican origin. In this study, the response of 181 bean genotypes (coming from different breeding programs of several countries including the USA, Puerto Rico, Honduras, Ecuador, Colombia, Tanzania, Malawi, and Angola) to two angular spot isolates (races 61:11 and 63:51, prevalent in Isabela and Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico) were evaluated. Many of these genotypes contained resistant genes to different biotic and to abiotic stress. A total of 16 lines were identified to have resistance to both races. The resistant lines include the Andean breeding lines CAL 143, 277 and the Mesoamerican cultivar ‘Ouro Negro’ that possess the resistance genes Phg-5, Phg-1, Phg-3, respectively. This information can help common bean breeding programs to pyramid genes from the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools to generate varieties with long-lasting resistance to this disease.
{"title":"Identification of resistance sources of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to angular leaf spot (Pseudocercospora griseola)","authors":"D. Rodríguez, J. Beaver, C. E. D. Jensen, T. Porch","doi":"10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.70238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/RFNAM.V72N2.70238","url":null,"abstract":"Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important edible legume in the world and is an important source of income for farmers and food for millions of families. Angular Leaf Spot (ALS), caused by the fungus Pseudocercospora griseola (Sacc.) Ferraris, is one of the most important diseases in the production of common bean with the potential to cause significant seed yield losses. An effective and environmentally friendly alternative to control this disease is the use of improved varieties that combine resistance genes of Andean and Mesoamerican origin. In this study, the response of 181 bean genotypes (coming from different breeding programs of several countries including the USA, Puerto Rico, Honduras, Ecuador, Colombia, Tanzania, Malawi, and Angola) to two angular spot isolates (races 61:11 and 63:51, prevalent in Isabela and Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico) were evaluated. Many of these genotypes contained resistant genes to different biotic and to abiotic stress. A total of 16 lines were identified to have resistance to both races. The resistant lines include the Andean breeding lines CAL 143, 277 and the Mesoamerican cultivar ‘Ouro Negro’ that possess the resistance genes Phg-5, Phg-1, Phg-3, respectively. This information can help common bean breeding programs to pyramid genes from the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools to generate varieties with long-lasting resistance to this disease.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90316059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15446/RFNAM.V72N1.69388
A. N. Alves, F. G. Souza, L. H. G. Chaves, J. A. Sousa, A. Vasconcelos
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is responsible for 13% of all vegetable oil produced in the world. These plants’ development depends on the mineral elements that have essential and specific functions in their metabolism. In this sense, visual diagnosis consists of comparing the appearance of a plant that has received all the necessary nutrients with one that has suffered the omission of one or more nutrients. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the absence effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S) and iron (Fe) elements on the growth of sunflower, BRS-122 cultivar, in order to identify and describe the visual symptoms caused by the absence of such nutrients. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and consisted in a completely randomized design with three replications and eight treatments using a diagnostic subtraction technique. The symptoms of the deficiencies were observed and evaluated through biometric parameters (plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and leaf area) as well as by visual aspects. The absence of N, P, K, Ca and Fe in the nutrient solution severely affected the sunflower plants, preventing their vegetative growth and consequently their development. The negative interference of the Mg omission in sunflower growth was slower than the observed for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium giving more significant results from 40 days after sowing (DAS). The absence of nutrients gave clear evidence of the distinct effects that the omission of each element can cause on the visual aspects of sunflower plants.
{"title":"Effect of nutrient omission in the development of sunflower BRS-122 in greenhouse conditions","authors":"A. N. Alves, F. G. Souza, L. H. G. Chaves, J. A. Sousa, A. Vasconcelos","doi":"10.15446/RFNAM.V72N1.69388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/RFNAM.V72N1.69388","url":null,"abstract":"Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is responsible for 13% of all vegetable oil produced in the world. These plants’ development depends on the mineral elements that have essential and specific functions in their metabolism. In this sense, visual diagnosis consists of comparing the appearance of a plant that has received all the necessary nutrients with one that has suffered the omission of one or more nutrients. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the absence effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S) and iron (Fe) elements on the growth of sunflower, BRS-122 cultivar, in order to identify and describe the visual symptoms caused by the absence of such nutrients. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and consisted in a completely randomized design with three replications and eight treatments using a diagnostic subtraction technique. The symptoms of the deficiencies were observed and evaluated through biometric parameters (plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and leaf area) as well as by visual aspects. The absence of N, P, K, Ca and Fe in the nutrient solution severely affected the sunflower plants, preventing their vegetative growth and consequently their development. The negative interference of the Mg omission in sunflower growth was slower than the observed for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium giving more significant results from 40 days after sowing (DAS). The absence of nutrients gave clear evidence of the distinct effects that the omission of each element can cause on the visual aspects of sunflower plants.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79952380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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