Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v75n1.95804
Rocio Reyna Soto Chochocca, Elena Gonzales Avila, J. F. Fernandez Rojas, Julio Miguel Angeles Suazo, Alex Rubén Huamán De La Cruz, Mohamed Mehdi Hadi Mohamed
Theobroma cacao is the main raw material to produce chocolate, as well as for use in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. However, Moniliophthora roreri is one of the most destructive fungal diseases and the main limiting of cacao production worldwide. Thus, this work aimed to assess the inhibitory effect of extracts of Zingiber officinale (T1) and Aloe vera (T2), and Trichoderma harzianum + Bacillus subtillis. (T3) on Moniliophthora roreri infection in Theobroma cacao; in addition, a control (T4) was also evaluated. Each treatment was applied to six plants of cacao. Incidence of monilia infection and fruit weight were monitored every 15 days (in total four periods) after the application of the treatment by spray. Significant differences (P<0.05) were found among treatments for incidence. It was observed that spraying entire cacao trees after two times (approximately 30 days) showed a reduction of monilia infection. After all periods, T1, T2, and T3 showed an incidence of monilia infection by 20.5, 17.7, and 14.9% respectively, compared to cultural control of 41.1%. This reduction of moniliasis infection translates into an increase in fruit weight average for T3 (8.4 kg), T2 (7.3 kg), and T1 (6.9 kg). In contrast, in the control (T3), the fruit weight average decreased by 5.3 kg. Biological control showed efficient management of pathogens as M. roreri. It is recommended to use such antifungal (Aloe vera) spray over at least 120 days which would decrease infection incidence even more.
{"title":"Antifungal effect from Zingiber officinale, Aloe vera and Trichoderma sp. for control of Moniliophthora roreri in Theobroma cacao in Huánuco, Peru","authors":"Rocio Reyna Soto Chochocca, Elena Gonzales Avila, J. F. Fernandez Rojas, Julio Miguel Angeles Suazo, Alex Rubén Huamán De La Cruz, Mohamed Mehdi Hadi Mohamed","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v75n1.95804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v75n1.95804","url":null,"abstract":"Theobroma cacao is the main raw material to produce chocolate, as well as for use in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. However, Moniliophthora roreri is one of the most destructive fungal diseases and the main limiting of cacao production worldwide. Thus, this work aimed to assess the inhibitory effect of extracts of Zingiber officinale (T1) and Aloe vera (T2), and Trichoderma harzianum + Bacillus subtillis. (T3) on Moniliophthora roreri infection in Theobroma cacao; in addition, a control (T4) was also evaluated. Each treatment was applied to six plants of cacao. Incidence of monilia infection and fruit weight were monitored every 15 days (in total four periods) after the application of the treatment by spray. Significant differences (P<0.05) were found among treatments for incidence. It was observed that spraying entire cacao trees after two times (approximately 30 days) showed a reduction of monilia infection. After all periods, T1, T2, and T3 showed an incidence of monilia infection by 20.5, 17.7, and 14.9% respectively, compared to cultural control of 41.1%. This reduction of moniliasis infection translates into an increase in fruit weight average for T3 (8.4 kg), T2 (7.3 kg), and T1 (6.9 kg). In contrast, in the control (T3), the fruit weight average decreased by 5.3 kg. Biological control showed efficient management of pathogens as M. roreri. It is recommended to use such antifungal (Aloe vera) spray over at least 120 days which would decrease infection incidence even more.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90441085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v75n1.94723
Julian David Restrepo Leal, Deimys Friset Rada González, Alberto Rafael Páez Redondo
Epidemiological analyzes of foliar diseases associated with Colletotrichum spp. in Enterolobium cyclocarpum and Platymiscium pinnatum were performed under field conditions and without any type of intervention. At the Universidad del Magdalena (Santa Marta, Colombia), four trees for each species and four equidistant monitoring sites per tree were established. The incidence and severity were recorded for 33 weeks (March to November 2016), including two follow-up periods: dry and rainy season. Disease development curves were elaborated. Moreover, the development rate (r) and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) were calculated for each follow-up period. The effect of the meteorological variables was statistically analyzed by correlation and multiple regression. In E. cyclocarpum, the highest incidence and severity were recorded between September and November with 100 and 19.6%, respectively, showing a positive correlation with relative humidity and negative with average temperature, solar radiation and wind speed. In P. pinnatum, the maximum values of incidence and severity were observed between March and April with 68.9 and 1.3%, respectively. However, correlation analyzes did not support their relationship with the environmental factors. The r values during the dry months were 0.136 and 0.107 units week-1 and the AUDPCs were calculated at 51 and 4 units week-1 for E. cyclocarpum and P. pinnatum, respectively. In the rainy months, the r values were 0.187 and 0.016 units week-1 and the AUDPCs were 186 and 2 units week-1, respectively. In conclusion, the development of the disease varies according to the forest species, time of year and some meteorological variables.
{"title":"Epidemiological study of Colletotrichum spp. associated with Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb. and Platymiscium pinnatum (Jacq.) Dugand in the Colombian Caribbean Region","authors":"Julian David Restrepo Leal, Deimys Friset Rada González, Alberto Rafael Páez Redondo","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v75n1.94723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v75n1.94723","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiological analyzes of foliar diseases associated with Colletotrichum spp. in Enterolobium cyclocarpum and Platymiscium pinnatum were performed under field conditions and without any type of intervention. At the Universidad del Magdalena (Santa Marta, Colombia), four trees for each species and four equidistant monitoring sites per tree were established. The incidence and severity were recorded for 33 weeks (March to November 2016), including two follow-up periods: dry and rainy season. Disease development curves were elaborated. Moreover, the development rate (r) and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) were calculated for each follow-up period. The effect of the meteorological variables was statistically analyzed by correlation and multiple regression. In E. cyclocarpum, the highest incidence and severity were recorded between September and November with 100 and 19.6%, respectively, showing a positive correlation with relative humidity and negative with average temperature, solar radiation and wind speed. In P. pinnatum, the maximum values of incidence and severity were observed between March and April with 68.9 and 1.3%, respectively. However, correlation analyzes did not support their relationship with the environmental factors. The r values during the dry months were 0.136 and 0.107 units week-1 and the AUDPCs were calculated at 51 and 4 units week-1 for E. cyclocarpum and P. pinnatum, respectively. In the rainy months, the r values were 0.187 and 0.016 units week-1 and the AUDPCs were 186 and 2 units week-1, respectively. In conclusion, the development of the disease varies according to the forest species, time of year and some meteorological variables.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73942318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.90967
R. Sandrakirana, Z. Arifin
Soybean is known for its high protein content, which is the reason why it is widely used as one of the main food sources for humans and animals. In order to optimize soybean growth, farmers tend to add excessive dosage of chemical fertilizer to this crop. Furthermore, a continuous chemical fertilizer application without organic fertilizer addition may cause a rapid depletion of nutrients in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of organic fertilizer treatment to reduce the amount of urea as chemical fertilizer needed in soybean cultivation. A complete randomized design was conducted using 21 treatments of organic and chemical fertilizer in triplicate with a 4x3 m plot size. Analysis of variance was carried out to compare the means of measurement data and Duncan multiple range test (DMRT 5%) was applied. The treatment 2,000 kg ha-1 compost + 50 kg ha-1 urea (O2K2A1) resulted the highest dry yield in soybean and had significant differences with urea-only treatment. A mixture of chemical and organic fertilizers had no significant result over the yield compared to the use of chemical fertilizer only. Compost application of 1,000-2,000 kg ha-1 with urea 50-100 kg ha-1 (O2K2A1 and O 2K1A2) showed an increase in seed yield of 35-38 % with a profit reaching 333-340 USD ha-1 compared to standard treatment using urea 50 kg ha -1 + SP-36 50 kg ha-1 + 50 KCl kg ha-1 (O0K0A1).
大豆以其高蛋白含量而闻名，这就是为什么它被广泛用作人类和动物的主要食物来源之一。为了优化大豆的生长，农民倾向于在这种作物上施用过量的化肥。此外，连续施用化肥而不添加有机肥可能会导致土壤中的养分迅速枯竭。本研究旨在评价有机肥处理在大豆栽培中减少尿素化肥需要量的效果。试验采用完全随机设计，施用有机肥和化肥21个处理，3个重复，小区面积为4x3 m。采用方差分析比较计量资料的均数，采用Duncan多元极差检验(DMRT为5%)。2000 kg hm -1堆肥+ 50 kg hm -1尿素(O2K2A1)处理的大豆干产量最高，与单纯尿素处理差异显著。与只施用化肥相比，化学肥料和有机肥料混合施用对产量没有显著影响。与使用尿素50- 50 kg ha-1 + SP-36 50 kg ha-1 + 50 KCl kg ha-1 (O0K0A1)的标准处理相比，施用1000 - 2000 kg ha-1和尿素50-100 kg ha-1 (O2K2A1和o2k1a2)的堆肥处理，种子产量提高35- 38%，利润达到333-340 USD ha-1。
{"title":"Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on the growth and production of soybean (Glycine max) in dry land","authors":"R. Sandrakirana, Z. Arifin","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.90967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.90967","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean is known for its high protein content, which is the reason why it is widely used as one of the main food sources for humans and animals. In order to optimize soybean growth, farmers tend to add excessive dosage of chemical fertilizer to this crop. Furthermore, a continuous chemical fertilizer application without organic fertilizer addition may cause a rapid depletion of nutrients in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of organic fertilizer treatment to reduce the amount of urea as chemical fertilizer needed in soybean cultivation. A complete randomized design was conducted using 21 treatments of organic and chemical fertilizer in triplicate with a 4x3 m plot size. Analysis of variance was carried out to compare the means of measurement data and Duncan multiple range test (DMRT 5%) was applied. The treatment 2,000 kg ha-1 compost + 50 kg ha-1 urea (O2K2A1) resulted the highest dry yield in soybean and had significant differences with urea-only treatment. A mixture of chemical and organic fertilizers had no significant result over the yield compared to the use of chemical fertilizer only. Compost application of 1,000-2,000 kg ha-1 with urea 50-100 kg ha-1 (O2K2A1 and O 2K1A2) showed an increase in seed yield of 35-38 % with a profit reaching 333-340 USD ha-1 compared to standard treatment using urea 50 kg ha -1 + SP-36 50 kg ha-1 + 50 KCl kg ha-1 (O0K0A1).","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87472381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.93020
Haim Behar Montes, Oscar Reátegui, Danae Marcela Liviac Muñoz, Jesús Heráclides Arcos Pineda, Iván Karlos Best Cuba
Mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum R. & P.) is an Andean crop of high nutritional value and medicinal properties, which presents a great diversity in morphology and color. The aim of the study was to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant activity of the most economically important mashua accessions in the Puno Region, Peru. Six accessions of mashua (three purplecolored and three yellow-colored) were evaluated. The content of total polyphenols, total flavonoids and identification of phenolic compounds was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, aluminum chloride colorimetric method and HPLC-DAD, respectively. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated using the FRAP and DPPH assays. In general, the purple-colored mashua had a significantly higher content of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and in vitro antioxidant activity compared to the yellowcolored mashua; being the Tt-23 accession purple-colored (peel/pulp, purple/purple), which presented a significantly higher content of phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant activity compared to the other accessions evaluated (P<0.05). Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between FRAP and DPPH activities with the total content of polyphenols and flavonoids (P<0.01), as well as between FRAP activity and the caffeic acid and rutin levels (P<0.05). These results suggest that purple-colored mashua, particularly the Tt-23 accession (peel/pulp, purple/purple), has better nutraceutical and antioxidant properties due to its higher content of phenolic compounds.
麻花(Tropaeolum tuberosum R. & P.)是安第斯山脉的一种具有高营养价值和药用价值的作物，其形态和颜色具有很大的多样性。本研究的目的是评价秘鲁普诺地区最具经济价值的麻花原料的酚类化合物含量和体外抗氧化活性。对6种麻花(3种紫红色和3种黄色)进行了评价。采用Folin-Ciocalteu法、氯化铝比色法和HPLC-DAD法分别测定其总多酚、总黄酮和酚类化合物的含量。采用FRAP和DPPH法评价其体外抗氧化活性。总的来说，紫色mashua的总多酚、总黄酮含量和体外抗氧化活性显著高于黄色mashua;其中，Tt-23添加物呈紫色(果皮/果肉、紫色/紫色)，其酚类化合物含量和体外抗氧化活性显著高于其他添加物(P<0.05)。此外，FRAP和DPPH活性与总多酚和总黄酮含量呈极显著相关(P<0.01)，与咖啡酸和芦丁含量呈极显著相关(P<0.05)。这些结果表明，紫色mashua，特别是Tt-23加入(果皮/果肉，紫色/紫色)，由于其酚类化合物含量较高，具有更好的营养保健和抗氧化性能。
{"title":"Phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant activity of six accessions of mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum R. & P.) from Puno Region, Peru","authors":"Haim Behar Montes, Oscar Reátegui, Danae Marcela Liviac Muñoz, Jesús Heráclides Arcos Pineda, Iván Karlos Best Cuba","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.93020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.93020","url":null,"abstract":"Mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum R. & P.) is an Andean crop of high nutritional value and medicinal properties, which presents a great diversity in morphology and color. The aim of the study was to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant activity of the most economically important mashua accessions in the Puno Region, Peru. Six accessions of mashua (three purplecolored and three yellow-colored) were evaluated. The content of total polyphenols, total flavonoids and identification of phenolic compounds was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, aluminum chloride colorimetric method and HPLC-DAD, respectively. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated using the FRAP and DPPH assays. In general, the purple-colored mashua had a significantly higher content of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and in vitro antioxidant activity compared to the yellowcolored mashua; being the Tt-23 accession purple-colored (peel/pulp, purple/purple), which presented a significantly higher content of phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant activity compared to the other accessions evaluated (P<0.05). Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between FRAP and DPPH activities with the total content of polyphenols and flavonoids (P<0.01), as well as between FRAP activity and the caffeic acid and rutin levels (P<0.05). These results suggest that purple-colored mashua, particularly the Tt-23 accession (peel/pulp, purple/purple), has better nutraceutical and antioxidant properties due to its higher content of phenolic compounds.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77412321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.92488
Zahira Laala, A. Oulmi, Z. Fellahi, A. Benmahammed
This experiment was conducted at the Field Crops Institute, Agricultural Experimental Station of Setif (ITGC-AES), Eastern semi-arid areas of Algeria, during two successive cropping seasons, 2010/11 and 2011/12. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of yield and yield-related traits and determine the direct and indirect effects of yield-related traits on grain yield. The plant materials consisted of 330 F3 and 174 F4 durum wheat lines along with their four parents and one control cultivar, which were evaluated under rainfed conditions in a semi-arid region. Data on nine agronomic traits were recorded. Sufficient genetic variability was observed among wheat traits as indicated by the minimum and maximum mean values and confirmed by the phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation that took intermediate and high estimates for most of the traits evaluated both in F3 and F4 generations. A high heritability (>60%) was observed for almost all the traits studied indicating the involvement of the additive action of genes in their genetic determinism. Results of stepwise regression and path analysis showed that biological yield, harvest index and number of spikes were the most determinant components of grain yield, exhibiting high positive direct effects (0.697, 0.683 and 0.293 in F3 vs 0.695, 0.205 and 0.560 in F4, respectively) coupled with positive and significant correlations (r=0.696*, r=0.778* and r=0.127* in F3 vs r=0.686*, r=0.628* and r=0.491* in F4, respectively) with this trait. These three yield-contributing traits can be considered as suitable indirect selection criteria to improve grain yield in the subsequent generation of the wheat breeding program.
{"title":"Studies on the nature of relationships between grain yield and yield-related traits in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) populations","authors":"Zahira Laala, A. Oulmi, Z. Fellahi, A. Benmahammed","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.92488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.92488","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was conducted at the Field Crops Institute, Agricultural Experimental Station of Setif (ITGC-AES), Eastern semi-arid areas of Algeria, during two successive cropping seasons, 2010/11 and 2011/12. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of yield and yield-related traits and determine the direct and indirect effects of yield-related traits on grain yield. The plant materials consisted of 330 F3 and 174 F4 durum wheat lines along with their four parents and one control cultivar, which were evaluated under rainfed conditions in a semi-arid region. Data on nine agronomic traits were recorded. Sufficient genetic variability was observed among wheat traits as indicated by the minimum and maximum mean values and confirmed by the phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation that took intermediate and high estimates for most of the traits evaluated both in F3 and F4 generations. A high heritability (>60%) was observed for almost all the traits studied indicating the involvement of the additive action of genes in their genetic determinism. Results of stepwise regression and path analysis showed that biological yield, harvest index and number of spikes were the most determinant components of grain yield, exhibiting high positive direct effects (0.697, 0.683 and 0.293 in F3 vs 0.695, 0.205 and 0.560 in F4, respectively) coupled with positive and significant correlations (r=0.696*, r=0.778* and r=0.127* in F3 vs r=0.686*, r=0.628* and r=0.491* in F4, respectively) with this trait. These three yield-contributing traits can be considered as suitable indirect selection criteria to improve grain yield in the subsequent generation of the wheat breeding program.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86984749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.90287
S. Santacruz, Pablo Medrano
Cocoa pod-husk is a by-product of cocoa processing, underutilized despite its phenolic compounds that can be an alternative to preserve the microbiological quality of food. The aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of phenolic compounds from the cocoa pod-husk against Salmonella spp, which is commonly found in fresh cheese produced in Manabí, Ecuador; as well as the effect on the sensory characteristics of cheese after immersion in a solution of phenolic compounds. In vitro microbiological analyzes of the inhibitory activity of phenolic compounds, showed that the concentrations 1 and 1.5% had the highest zone of inhibition against Salmonella spp., with mean diameters of 10.67 and 11.8 mm, respectively. On the other hand, the growth curve of Salmonella spp. indicated that 2 h were required for complete inhibition of bacteria by phenolic compounds at concentrations of 1 and 1.5%. For the sensory analyzes of cheese treated with phenolic compounds, 56.3% of the panelists accredited the firmness and odor with “I like it”, while 37.5% of the panelists qualified the color of the cheese with “I neither like nor dislike”. Firmness and odor had higher values of acceptance than color. For 25 and 12.5% of the panelists, firmness and odor were rated as “I like it a lot”, respectively, and 56.3% of the panelists conferred the label of “I like it” to both attributes. Cheese color was the lowest rated attribute, given that 12.5% of the panelists chose “I like it a lot” and 25% for “I like it”.
{"title":"Use of phenolic compounds from cocoa pod-husks (Theobroma cacao L.) as inhibitors of Salmonella spp. in fresh cheese produced in Manabí, Ecuador","authors":"S. Santacruz, Pablo Medrano","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.90287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.90287","url":null,"abstract":"Cocoa pod-husk is a by-product of cocoa processing, underutilized despite its phenolic compounds that can be an alternative to preserve the microbiological quality of food. The aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of phenolic compounds from the cocoa pod-husk against Salmonella spp, which is commonly found in fresh cheese produced in Manabí, Ecuador; as well as the effect on the sensory characteristics of cheese after immersion in a solution of phenolic compounds. In vitro microbiological analyzes of the inhibitory activity of phenolic compounds, showed that the concentrations 1 and 1.5% had the highest zone of inhibition against Salmonella spp., with mean diameters of 10.67 and 11.8 mm, respectively. On the other hand, the growth curve of Salmonella spp. indicated that 2 h were required for complete inhibition of bacteria by phenolic compounds at concentrations of 1 and 1.5%. For the sensory analyzes of cheese treated with phenolic compounds, 56.3% of the panelists accredited the firmness and odor with “I like it”, while 37.5% of the panelists qualified the color of the cheese with “I neither like nor dislike”. Firmness and odor had higher values of acceptance than color. For 25 and 12.5% of the panelists, firmness and odor were rated as “I like it a lot”, respectively, and 56.3% of the panelists conferred the label of “I like it” to both attributes. Cheese color was the lowest rated attribute, given that 12.5% of the panelists chose “I like it a lot” and 25% for “I like it”.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90526300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.90246
Stalin Santacruz Terán
The fresh cheese produced in the province of Manabí is an Ecuadorian artisan cheese. The processing conditions commonly do not comply Ecuadorian regulations, resulting in the presence of pathogenic microorganisms such as Salmonella. The high number of cases of Salmonellosis in the province of Manabí justifies the need to identify and control the possible sources of this pathogenic microorganism. In the present work, the effect of the addition of Lactobacillus acidophilus to fresh cheese was studied, by immersing it in a starch solution with 1x108 CFU mL-1 of L. acidophilus with further storage for 30 days at 4 °C. The pH, acidity, weight loss, instrumental firmness, number of CFU of mesophilic aerobic bacteria and acceptability of fresh cheese were analyzed. At the same time, a duo-trio analysis was carried out, followed by a satisfaction analysis with the participation of semi-trained panelists. The presence of L. acidophilus reduced the pH and acidity in the fresh cheese in relation to the control sample. Satisfaction results, on a five-point hedonic scale, which ranged from 1 (I dislike it very much) to 5 (I like it very much), showed that the cheese treated with L. acidophilus and the control sample received a rating between “I neither like nor dislike” and “I like it moderately”, with values of 3.63 for the treated sample and 3.50 for the control. The application of L. acidophilus did not affect the organoleptic acceptability of cheese and produced less changes in pH, acidity and weight loss during storage for 30 days at 4 °C in relation to the control sample.
{"title":"Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus added to a starch coating related to the microbiological contamination, quality and acceptability of fresh cheese","authors":"Stalin Santacruz Terán","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.90246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.90246","url":null,"abstract":"The fresh cheese produced in the province of Manabí is an Ecuadorian artisan cheese. The processing conditions commonly do not comply Ecuadorian regulations, resulting in the presence of pathogenic microorganisms such as Salmonella. The high number of cases of Salmonellosis in the province of Manabí justifies the need to identify and control the possible sources of this pathogenic microorganism. In the present work, the effect of the addition of Lactobacillus acidophilus to fresh cheese was studied, by immersing it in a starch solution with 1x108 CFU mL-1 of L. acidophilus with further storage for 30 days at 4 °C. The pH, acidity, weight loss, instrumental firmness, number of CFU of mesophilic aerobic bacteria and acceptability of fresh cheese were analyzed. At the same time, a duo-trio analysis was carried out, followed by a satisfaction analysis with the participation of semi-trained panelists. The presence of L. acidophilus reduced the pH and acidity in the fresh cheese in relation to the control sample. Satisfaction results, on a five-point hedonic scale, which ranged from 1 (I dislike it very much) to 5 (I like it very much), showed that the cheese treated with L. acidophilus and the control sample received a rating between “I neither like nor dislike” and “I like it moderately”, with values of 3.63 for the treated sample and 3.50 for the control. The application of L. acidophilus did not affect the organoleptic acceptability of cheese and produced less changes in pH, acidity and weight loss during storage for 30 days at 4 °C in relation to the control sample.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80894403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.92821
Estefany Quispe Lupuche, J. C. Chávez Pérez, M. Medina-Pizzali, Lillyan Loayza Gutiérrez, Eder V. Apumayta Suárez
Pitahaya has originated worldwide interest due to its content of bioactive compounds with proven beneficial effects on health, acting as antioxidants against free radicals. This study aimed to evaluate the nutraceutical potential of the peel and pulp of the red (Hylocereus monacanthus) and yellow (Hylocereus megalanthus) pitahaya ecotypes for nutritional formulation purposes. Two pitahaya ecotypes were analyzed, obtaining a methanolic extract of the peel and edible part to perform the proximal chemical analysis, the phytochemical screening, and determine antioxidant activity by the DPPH, ABTS, and IC50 methods. Flavonoids, tannins, quinones, among other bioactive compounds were identified. Yellow pitahaya presented higher content of polyphenols and higher antioxidant activity by the ABTS method, while the average inhibition percentage for both ecotypes was 93% by DPPH method. IC50 was higher for the edible part of red pitahaya with 1.68 mg mL-1. Both ecotypes have a high content of polyphenols and a high antioxidant capacity, which agree with those found in different studies such as those of Colombia, Brazil and Korea, being as high or even higher than most varieties of citrus fruits in Peru. Future studies should consider the inclusion of other metabolites and bioactive substances such as betalains due to their antioxidant activity. Both pitahaya ecotypes are rich in antioxidants, bioactive compounds, have low energy density, and may be suitable for food prescriptions as a functional ingredient in food industry.
{"title":"Chemical characterization, polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of two pitahaya ecotypes (Hylocereus spp.)","authors":"Estefany Quispe Lupuche, J. C. Chávez Pérez, M. Medina-Pizzali, Lillyan Loayza Gutiérrez, Eder V. Apumayta Suárez","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.92821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.92821","url":null,"abstract":"Pitahaya has originated worldwide interest due to its content of bioactive compounds with proven beneficial effects on health, acting as antioxidants against free radicals. This study aimed to evaluate the nutraceutical potential of the peel and pulp of the red (Hylocereus monacanthus) and yellow (Hylocereus megalanthus) pitahaya ecotypes for nutritional formulation purposes. Two pitahaya ecotypes were analyzed, obtaining a methanolic extract of the peel and edible part to perform the proximal chemical analysis, the phytochemical screening, and determine antioxidant activity by the DPPH, ABTS, and IC50 methods. Flavonoids, tannins, quinones, among other bioactive compounds were identified. Yellow pitahaya presented higher content of polyphenols and higher antioxidant activity by the ABTS method, while the average inhibition percentage for both ecotypes was 93% by DPPH method. IC50 was higher for the edible part of red pitahaya with 1.68 mg mL-1. Both ecotypes have a high content of polyphenols and a high antioxidant capacity, which agree with those found in different studies such as those of Colombia, Brazil and Korea, being as high or even higher than most varieties of citrus fruits in Peru. Future studies should consider the inclusion of other metabolites and bioactive substances such as betalains due to their antioxidant activity. Both pitahaya ecotypes are rich in antioxidants, bioactive compounds, have low energy density, and may be suitable for food prescriptions as a functional ingredient in food industry.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84134003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.92658
Mayra Alejandra Rincón Rueda, Hernán David Ruiz Berrio, Julian Mauricio Molano Díaz, Javier Giovanni Alvarez Herrera, Yomaira Liney Pinto Acero
La arracacha está considerada dentro de un esquema de agricultura familiar como un cultivo fundamental para la seguridad alimentaria por su aporte energético. En Colombia existen una gran diversidad de cultivares que han sido poco estudiados. Por lo anterior, se caracterizó la calidad poscosecha y el contenido de almidón de siete cultivares de arracacha. Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar con siete tratamientos, conformados por los cultivares ‘yema de huevo’, ‘paliverde’, ‘palirrusia’, ‘yucatana’, ‘blanca de tarro’, ‘palinegra’ y ‘amarilla de tarro’. Los resultados mostraron que el pH, los sólidos solubles totales, y la relación de madurez aumentaron para todos los cultivares excepto para el cultivar ‘palinegra’ durante los primeros ocho días después de la cosecha. La acidez total titulable disminuyó para ‘amarilla de tarro’ y en los demás cultivares se presentó un ligero aumento en el tiempo. La intensidad respiratoria y la firmeza aumentaron en todos los cultivares hasta el día 12, con mayores valores para ‘palinegra’. El contenido de almidón, la intensidad respiratoria y la firmeza disminuyeron, mientras L* aumentó. La pérdida de masa presentó los mayores valores en los primeros 3 días de almacenamiento. El índice de color y los parámetros L* y b* aumentaron a través del tiempo, por lo que se apreciaron incrementos en la luminosidad y en las coloraciones amarillas. ‘Paliverde’ mostró los mayorescontenidos de almidón, por lo que sería el cultivar menos apto para las industrias.
在家庭农业计划中，arracacha被认为是粮食安全的基本作物，因为它的能源贡献。在哥伦比亚，有许多品种的研究很少。对7个arracacha品种采后品质和淀粉含量进行了表征。采用完全随机设计，共7个处理，包括品种“蛋黄”、“paliverde”、“palir俄罗斯”、“yucatana”、“blanca de tarro”、“palinegra”和“amarilla de tarro”。结果表明，除“palinegra”品种外，所有品种的pH值、总可溶性固形物和成熟度比在收获后的前8天均有所提高。在“瓶黄”品种中，总可滴定酸度降低，其他品种随时间略有增加。在第12天之前，所有品种的呼吸强度和硬度都有所增加，“palinegra”值较高。淀粉含量、呼吸强度和硬度均降低，L*升高。贮藏前3天的质量损失值最高。颜色指数和参数L*和b*随时间增加，亮度和黄色增加。“Paliverde”的淀粉含量最高，因此是最不适合工业种植的品种。
{"title":"Postharvest characterization of seven arracacha cultivars (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft)","authors":"Mayra Alejandra Rincón Rueda, Hernán David Ruiz Berrio, Julian Mauricio Molano Díaz, Javier Giovanni Alvarez Herrera, Yomaira Liney Pinto Acero","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.92658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.92658","url":null,"abstract":"La arracacha está considerada dentro de un esquema de agricultura familiar como un cultivo fundamental para la seguridad alimentaria por su aporte energético. En Colombia existen una gran diversidad de cultivares que han sido poco estudiados. Por lo anterior, se caracterizó la calidad poscosecha y el contenido de almidón de siete cultivares de arracacha. Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar con siete tratamientos, conformados por los cultivares ‘yema de huevo’, ‘paliverde’, ‘palirrusia’, ‘yucatana’, ‘blanca de tarro’, ‘palinegra’ y ‘amarilla de tarro’. Los resultados mostraron que el pH, los sólidos solubles totales, y la relación de madurez aumentaron para todos los cultivares excepto para el cultivar ‘palinegra’ durante los primeros ocho días después de la cosecha. La acidez total titulable disminuyó para ‘amarilla de tarro’ y en los demás cultivares se presentó un ligero aumento en el tiempo. La intensidad respiratoria y la firmeza aumentaron en todos los cultivares hasta el día 12, con mayores valores para ‘palinegra’. El contenido de almidón, la intensidad respiratoria y la firmeza disminuyeron, mientras L* aumentó. La pérdida de masa presentó los mayores valores en los primeros 3 días de almacenamiento. El índice de color y los parámetros L* y b* aumentaron a través del tiempo, por lo que se apreciaron incrementos en la luminosidad y en las coloraciones amarillas. ‘Paliverde’ mostró los mayorescontenidos de almidón, por lo que sería el cultivar menos apto para las industrias.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"320 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80225328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.93562
Tatiana María Saldaña Villota, José Miguel Cotes Torres
This study presents a comparison of the usual statistical methods used for crop model assessment. A case study was conducted using a data set from observations of the total dry weight in diploid potato crop, and six simulated data sets derived from the observationsaimed to predict the measured data. Statistical indices such as the coefficient of determination, the root mean squared error, the relative root mean squared error, mean error, index of agreement, modified index of agreement, revised index of agreement, modeling efficiency, and revised modeling efficiency were compared. The results showed that the coefficient of determination is not a useful statistical index for model evaluation. The root mean squared error together with the relative root mean squared error offer an excellent notion of how deviated the simulations are in the same unit of the variable and percentage terms, and they leave no doubt when evaluating the quality of the simulations of a model.
{"title":"Comparison of statistical indices for the evaluation of crop models performance","authors":"Tatiana María Saldaña Villota, José Miguel Cotes Torres","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.93562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.93562","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a comparison of the usual statistical methods used for crop model assessment. A case study was conducted using a data set from observations of the total dry weight in diploid potato crop, and six simulated data sets derived from the observationsaimed to predict the measured data. Statistical indices such as the coefficient of determination, the root mean squared error, the relative root mean squared error, mean error, index of agreement, modified index of agreement, revised index of agreement, modeling efficiency, and revised modeling efficiency were compared. The results showed that the coefficient of determination is not a useful statistical index for model evaluation. The root mean squared error together with the relative root mean squared error offer an excellent notion of how deviated the simulations are in the same unit of the variable and percentage terms, and they leave no doubt when evaluating the quality of the simulations of a model.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88330483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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