Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00457
Mohammadamin Zohourfazeli , Pakshid Hosseinzadeh , Elias Madadian , Sara Badr , Sophie Lerouge , Ali Ahmadi
Cell scaffolding and metabolic exchange are critical in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications, where porosity plays a crucial role in facilitating nutrient diffusion and waste removal. To tackle the challenge of biofabricating heterogeneous constructs, this study focuses on developing 3D bioprinted tunable macroporous scaffolds with a range of pore sizes. The approach utilizes the rapid cross-linking of sodium alginate via calcium chloride mist and the on-demand foaming capability of albumin within a printhead. The pore diameter is controlled by adjusting the foaming speed during printing, enabling the biofabrication of heterogeneous structures. The study examines the effects of various foaming speeds (1500, 2500, and 3500 rpm) on printability, water content, degradation, drug release, and biocompatibility properties of foams made from a bioink containing 2 % (w/v) sodium alginate, 2 % (w/v) albumin, 2 % (w/v) gelatin. At lower foaming speeds, larger pore sizes result in higher water content, degradation, and drug release due to larger pores facilitating higher water intake, quicker degradation, and shorter drug diffusion pathways. The proposed technique demonstrated excellent printability, layer adhesion, and shape fidelity, with a printability number over 0.90. A passive cell mixer was added to the foaming printhead, leading to cell-laden printed scaffolds. Fibroblast L929 cells exhibited over 90 % viability after 24 h according to the Live/dead assay, highlighting the biocompatibility of the system.
{"title":"Development of an on-demand foaming printhead for biofabrication of constructs with heterogeneous porosity","authors":"Mohammadamin Zohourfazeli , Pakshid Hosseinzadeh , Elias Madadian , Sara Badr , Sophie Lerouge , Ali Ahmadi","doi":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cell scaffolding and metabolic exchange are critical in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications, where porosity plays a crucial role in facilitating nutrient diffusion and waste removal. To tackle the challenge of biofabricating heterogeneous constructs, this study focuses on developing 3D bioprinted tunable macroporous scaffolds with a range of pore sizes. The approach utilizes the rapid cross-linking of sodium alginate via calcium chloride mist and the on-demand foaming capability of albumin within a printhead. The pore diameter is controlled by adjusting the foaming speed during printing, enabling the biofabrication of heterogeneous structures. The study examines the effects of various foaming speeds (1500, 2500, and 3500 rpm) on printability, water content, degradation, drug release, and biocompatibility properties of foams made from a bioink containing 2 % (w/v) sodium alginate, 2 % (w/v) albumin, 2 % (w/v) gelatin. At lower foaming speeds, larger pore sizes result in higher water content, degradation, and drug release due to larger pores facilitating higher water intake, quicker degradation, and shorter drug diffusion pathways. The proposed technique demonstrated excellent printability, layer adhesion, and shape fidelity, with a printability number over 0.90. A passive cell mixer was added to the foaming printhead, leading to cell-laden printed scaffolds. Fibroblast L929 cells exhibited over 90 % viability after 24 h according to the Live/dead assay, highlighting the biocompatibility of the system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37770,"journal":{"name":"Bioprinting","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article e00457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2025.100449
David McCoul, Wei Nie, Phillip Kim, Carlos Kengla, Cara Clouse, Anthony Atala
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Thermoplastic polycaprolactone elastomer for a 3D-printed pericardial scaffold in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy” [Bioprinting 28 (2022) 252]","authors":"David McCoul, Wei Nie, Phillip Kim, Carlos Kengla, Cara Clouse, Anthony Atala","doi":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.100449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.100449","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37770,"journal":{"name":"Bioprinting","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00456
Martin Appiah , Abul Arafat , Aaron Vance , Abhishek Gupta , Ahmad Baroutaji , John Robinson , Chameekara T. Wanniarachchi , Manpreet Singh , Neil Ashwood , Kate Butcher , Arun Arjunan
Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS), exemplified by the Schwarz geometry, provide an optimal platform for bone scaffolds due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, continuous porosity, and bone-analogous mechanical response. Here, titanium TPMS scaffolds were additively manufactured via laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) with precise control over geometric parameters. A data-driven surrogate model, informed by experimental and numerical analyses, was developed to map the relationship between design variables and mechanical performance. The model enabled the design of scaffolds with tailored stiffness matching that of native bone, while revealing the dominant roles of wall thickness and cell size. Porosity varied from 47 % to 68 %, governed inversely by wall thickness, while elastic modulus scaled from 6 to 24 GPa, driven primarily by wall thickness and secondarily by cell size. Yield and ultimate strengths exhibited strong positive correlations with wall thickness, spanning 240–655 MPa and 320–784 MPa, respectively. This study provides a predictive framework for engineering 3D printed titanium scaffolds with targeted mechanical properties, offering a basis for next-generation load-bearing orthopaedic implants.
{"title":"Tailored performance of additively manufactured titanium TPMS bone scaffold","authors":"Martin Appiah , Abul Arafat , Aaron Vance , Abhishek Gupta , Ahmad Baroutaji , John Robinson , Chameekara T. Wanniarachchi , Manpreet Singh , Neil Ashwood , Kate Butcher , Arun Arjunan","doi":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS), exemplified by the Schwarz geometry, provide an optimal platform for bone scaffolds due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, continuous porosity, and bone-analogous mechanical response. Here, titanium TPMS scaffolds were additively manufactured via laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) with precise control over geometric parameters. A data-driven surrogate model, informed by experimental and numerical analyses, was developed to map the relationship between design variables and mechanical performance. The model enabled the design of scaffolds with tailored stiffness matching that of native bone, while revealing the dominant roles of wall thickness and cell size. Porosity varied from 47 % to 68 %, governed inversely by wall thickness, while elastic modulus scaled from 6 to 24 GPa, driven primarily by wall thickness and secondarily by cell size. Yield and ultimate strengths exhibited strong positive correlations with wall thickness, spanning 240–655 MPa and 320–784 MPa, respectively. This study provides a predictive framework for engineering 3D printed titanium scaffolds with targeted mechanical properties, offering a basis for next-generation load-bearing orthopaedic implants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37770,"journal":{"name":"Bioprinting","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article e00456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00451
Akbar Teguh Prakoso , Hasan Basri , Amir Arifin , Gunawan , Dendy Adanta , Imam Akbar , Ardiyansyah Syahrom
This paper aims to optimize the single screw extrusion (SSE) process parameters for the production of polylactic acid (PLA)/magnesium (Mg)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite filaments, with the goal of achieving a final filament diameter of 1.75 mm to improve process efficiency and output quality. The Taguchi method was utilized to systematically assess the influence of screw speed, nozzle diameter, material composition, and temperature on filament diameter. The findings revealed that screw speed, nozzle diameter, material composition, and temperature significantly impacted the filament diameter. Under optimal conditions (94 % wt PLA, 4 % wt Mg, and 2 % wt HA, 1.95 mm nozzle diameter, 6 rpm screw speed, and 175 °C), the filament diameter approached 1.75 mm. This study contributes to enhancing the production efficiency and quality of composite filaments, with potential applications in advanced bone scaffold fabrication, although additional research is needed for clinical application confirmation.
{"title":"Optimization of process parameters for fabricating PLA/Mg/HA biocomposite filaments using the Taguchi method for biomedical applications","authors":"Akbar Teguh Prakoso , Hasan Basri , Amir Arifin , Gunawan , Dendy Adanta , Imam Akbar , Ardiyansyah Syahrom","doi":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to optimize the single screw extrusion (SSE) process parameters for the production of polylactic acid (PLA)/magnesium (Mg)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite filaments, with the goal of achieving a final filament diameter of 1.75 mm to improve process efficiency and output quality. The Taguchi method was utilized to systematically assess the influence of screw speed, nozzle diameter, material composition, and temperature on filament diameter. The findings revealed that screw speed, nozzle diameter, material composition, and temperature significantly impacted the filament diameter. Under optimal conditions (94 % wt PLA, 4 % wt Mg, and 2 % wt HA, 1.95 mm nozzle diameter, 6 rpm screw speed, and 175 °C), the filament diameter approached 1.75 mm. This study contributes to enhancing the production efficiency and quality of composite filaments, with potential applications in advanced bone scaffold fabrication, although additional research is needed for clinical application confirmation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37770,"journal":{"name":"Bioprinting","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article e00451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00454
Amit Kumar Das , Akramul Ansary , Bhargab Jyoti Sahariah , Nilutpal Sharma Bora
Pharmaceutical excipients have undergone a paradigm shift from traditionally inert formulation components to advanced functional materials that play critical roles in drug delivery, stability, manufacturability, and therapeutic efficacy. This review explores the transformation of excipients in the context of modern pharmaceutical manufacturing, with particular emphasis on their integration into additive manufacturing technologies such as 3D printing. Novel excipients—including smart polymers, co-processed materials, bioinspired nanostructures, and environmentally sustainable agents—have demonstrated enhanced rheological, thermal, and structural properties necessary for layer-by-layer drug fabrication. These advancements support the development of complex dosage forms, personalized medicines, and controlled-release systems that cannot be achieved through conventional manufacturing. Additionally, regulatory and analytical challenges associated with novel excipients are discussed, highlighting the need for global harmonization and advanced validation methods. As pharmaceutical manufacturing continues to embrace digital and precision-driven technologies, the strategic design and application of next-generation excipients will be central to enabling scalable, safe, and patient-centric drug delivery systems.
{"title":"Pharmaceutical excipients: Metamorphosis from conventional formulation to 3D printing","authors":"Amit Kumar Das , Akramul Ansary , Bhargab Jyoti Sahariah , Nilutpal Sharma Bora","doi":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pharmaceutical excipients have undergone a paradigm shift from traditionally inert formulation components to advanced functional materials that play critical roles in drug delivery, stability, manufacturability, and therapeutic efficacy. This review explores the transformation of excipients in the context of modern pharmaceutical manufacturing, with particular emphasis on their integration into additive manufacturing technologies such as 3D printing. Novel excipients—including smart polymers, co-processed materials, bioinspired nanostructures, and environmentally sustainable agents—have demonstrated enhanced rheological, thermal, and structural properties necessary for layer-by-layer drug fabrication. These advancements support the development of complex dosage forms, personalized medicines, and controlled-release systems that cannot be achieved through conventional manufacturing. Additionally, regulatory and analytical challenges associated with novel excipients are discussed, highlighting the need for global harmonization and advanced validation methods. As pharmaceutical manufacturing continues to embrace digital and precision-driven technologies, the strategic design and application of next-generation excipients will be central to enabling scalable, safe, and patient-centric drug delivery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37770,"journal":{"name":"Bioprinting","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article e00454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00452
Kristin Schüler , Ahed Almalla , Sebastian Seitel , Friederike Ebner , Sebastian Seiffert , Marie Weinhart , Laura Elomaa
Formation of blood vessels sustaining the metabolic demands of the tissue-forming cells remains the greatest challenge in engineered tissues for regenerative medicine and in vitro organ modelling. We investigated vascularization of covalently crosslinked hydrogels derived from porcine decellularized small intestinal submucosa (dSIS), focusing on optimizing conditions for bioprinting and subsequent vascular network formation. dSIS was solubilized via enzymatic digestion with papain and formulated into a photocrosslinkable bioresin by combining it with a photoinitiator system of ruthenium/sodium persulfate (Ru/SPS) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). This bioresin allowed bioprinting of cell-laden dSIS hydrogels via vat photopolymerization. Cytotoxicity testing of the bioresins revealed high viability of HUVECs encapsulated in the dSIS hydrogels, and coculturing the bioprinted HUVEC-laden hydrogels in presence of human dermal fibroblasts resulted in the formation of an interconnected vascular network within the gels. A lower Ru/SPS concentration (0.25/5 mM) in the bioresin led to the formation of a denser vascular network compared to the higher one (0.5/5 mM), indicating the significance of the Ru/SPS concentration in the covalent hydrogel crosslinking and the subsequent vascularization. The lowest dSIS concentration (0.375 wt-%) yielded soft hydrogels with incomplete printing fidelity, while the stiffest (0.75 wt-%) hydrogels failed to support the HUVEC network formation. The dSIS concentration of 0.5 wt-% was found optimal for both the bioprinting fidelity and the vascular network formation. Our findings highlighted the need for optimizing hydrogel composition and thus its covalent crosslinking for efficient vascularization of bioprinted tissue constructs, with potential implications for further development of vascularized 3D tissue models.
{"title":"Engineering in vitro vascularization: Enhanced network formation in bioprinted, vat photopolymerized dECM constructs","authors":"Kristin Schüler , Ahed Almalla , Sebastian Seitel , Friederike Ebner , Sebastian Seiffert , Marie Weinhart , Laura Elomaa","doi":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Formation of blood vessels sustaining the metabolic demands of the tissue-forming cells remains the greatest challenge in engineered tissues for regenerative medicine and <em>in vitro</em> organ modelling. We investigated vascularization of covalently crosslinked hydrogels derived from porcine decellularized small intestinal submucosa (dSIS), focusing on optimizing conditions for bioprinting and subsequent vascular network formation. dSIS was solubilized via enzymatic digestion with papain and formulated into a photocrosslinkable bioresin by combining it with a photoinitiator system of ruthenium/sodium persulfate (Ru/SPS) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). This bioresin allowed bioprinting of cell-laden dSIS hydrogels via vat photopolymerization. Cytotoxicity testing of the bioresins revealed high viability of HUVECs encapsulated in the dSIS hydrogels, and coculturing the bioprinted HUVEC-laden hydrogels in presence of human dermal fibroblasts resulted in the formation of an interconnected vascular network within the gels. A lower Ru/SPS concentration (0.25/5 mM) in the bioresin led to the formation of a denser vascular network compared to the higher one (0.5/5 mM), indicating the significance of the Ru/SPS concentration in the covalent hydrogel crosslinking and the subsequent vascularization. The lowest dSIS concentration (0.375 wt-%) yielded soft hydrogels with incomplete printing fidelity, while the stiffest (0.75 wt-%) hydrogels failed to support the HUVEC network formation. The dSIS concentration of 0.5 wt-% was found optimal for both the bioprinting fidelity and the vascular network formation. Our findings highlighted the need for optimizing hydrogel composition and thus its covalent crosslinking for efficient vascularization of bioprinted tissue constructs, with potential implications for further development of vascularized 3D tissue models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37770,"journal":{"name":"Bioprinting","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article e00452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00453
Francisco Javier Flores-Loera , Ariel Cantoral-Sánchez , Luis Fernando Carmona-Ramirez , Ilsa Pamela de los Santos-Hernández , Saulo Montaño-Medina , David Cantú-Fernández , Esther Pérez-Carrillo , José Rodríguez-Rodríguez , Claudia Maribel Luna-Aguirre , Francisco Javier Sierra-Valdez , Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago , Mario Moisés Alvarez
Probiotic therapies offer great potential for addressing gut dysbiosis, but current approaches are limited by low strain diversity, high production costs, and the challenges of culturing strict anaerobes. To overcome these limitations, this work introduces a novel strategy based on continuous chaotic bioprinting to create structured cocultures of probiotic bacteria. Using a Kenics static mixer–based printhead, we fabricated alginate hydrogel filaments with an internal multilayered microarchitecture containing four probiotic strains: Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bacteroides fragilis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Streptococcus thermophilus.
The spatial arrangement of the multilayered architecture was designed to promote cooperative interactions, particularly by embedding strict anaerobes between facultative anaerobes to create self-sustaining hypoxic niches. The printed constructs were characterized over 72 h using fluorescence microscopy, colony-forming unit counts, LIVE/DEAD assays, qPCR, gas chromatography, and dynamic mechanic analysis. Results showed that structured cocultures exhibited higher viability, enhanced growth, and more balanced population dynamics than the monocultures of each bacterial strain and unstructured (scrambled) cocultures. Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production suggests functional cross-feeding; coculture filaments exhibited notably higher levels of acetic and propionic acids than the corresponding monocultures.
This study demonstrates that chaotic bioprinting enables precise spatial control over microbial ecosystems, allowing the rational design of microbial communities with tailored interactions.
Furthermore, chaotically printed constructs preserved probiotic viability for at least six weeks under storage, survived food-buffered gastric simulations, and maintained structural integrity over time, underscoring their robustness and translational potential. Chaotic bacterial bioprinting presents a powerful and scalable platform for next-generation probiotic production and opens new opportunities for engineered microbiomes, synthetic biology, and living material design.
{"title":"Bioprinting microbial harmony: Engineering spatially organized probiotic ecosystems via chaotic bioprinting","authors":"Francisco Javier Flores-Loera , Ariel Cantoral-Sánchez , Luis Fernando Carmona-Ramirez , Ilsa Pamela de los Santos-Hernández , Saulo Montaño-Medina , David Cantú-Fernández , Esther Pérez-Carrillo , José Rodríguez-Rodríguez , Claudia Maribel Luna-Aguirre , Francisco Javier Sierra-Valdez , Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago , Mario Moisés Alvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Probiotic therapies offer great potential for addressing gut dysbiosis, but current approaches are limited by low strain diversity, high production costs, and the challenges of culturing strict anaerobes. To overcome these limitations, this work introduces a novel strategy based on continuous chaotic bioprinting to create structured cocultures of probiotic bacteria. Using a Kenics static mixer–based printhead, we fabricated alginate hydrogel filaments with an internal multilayered microarchitecture containing four probiotic strains: <em>Bifidobacterium bifidum</em>, <em>Bacteroides fragilis</em>, <em>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</em>, and <em>Streptococcus thermophilus</em>.</div><div>The spatial arrangement of the multilayered architecture was designed to promote cooperative interactions, particularly by embedding strict anaerobes between facultative anaerobes to create self-sustaining hypoxic niches. The printed constructs were characterized over 72 h using fluorescence microscopy, colony-forming unit counts, LIVE/DEAD assays, qPCR, gas chromatography, and dynamic mechanic analysis. Results showed that structured cocultures exhibited higher viability, enhanced growth, and more balanced population dynamics than the monocultures of each bacterial strain and unstructured (scrambled) cocultures. Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production suggests functional cross-feeding; coculture filaments exhibited notably higher levels of acetic and propionic acids than the corresponding monocultures.</div><div>This study demonstrates that chaotic bioprinting enables precise spatial control over microbial ecosystems, allowing the rational design of microbial communities with tailored interactions.</div><div>Furthermore, chaotically printed constructs preserved probiotic viability for at least six weeks under storage, survived food-buffered gastric simulations, and maintained structural integrity over time, underscoring their robustness and translational potential. Chaotic bacterial bioprinting presents a powerful and scalable platform for next-generation probiotic production and opens new opportunities for engineered microbiomes, synthetic biology, and living material design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37770,"journal":{"name":"Bioprinting","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article e00453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00446
Jéssica Heline Lopes da Fonseca , Ingri Julieth Mancilla Corzo , Rafael Abboud Azoubel , Rêner Pontes Tavares , Violeta Carvalho , Senhorinha F.C.F. Teixeira , José Luis Dávila , Marcos Akira d'Ávila
This study introduces and validates a custom load cell integrated into a 3D printer head for the in-situ measurement of pressures and rheological behavior during hydrogel printing in a piston-driven extrusion printer. In-situ force measurements were performed during extrusion of the three hydrogel formulations with distinct rheological properties to validate the load cell approach. The extrusion forces were converted into pressure values, and compared with predictions from analytical models, and further validated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, demonstrating a strong agreement. Apparent shear stress and viscosities were estimated from the extrusion force data using capillary rheometry principles and closely matched steady-shear values obtained from conventional rheometry. The load cell system was also used to investigate the effects of printing speed and needle diameter on extrusion behavior and print fidelity using CMC/CNC hydrogels. Higher printing speeds and narrower needle diameters resulted in increased extrusion pressures, significantly impacting shape fidelity. These findings are particularly relevant for 3D bioprinting, where real-time control of material properties is needed to balance resolution and cell viability.
{"title":"Real-time force and rheological measurement for hydrogels 3D bioprinting using a piston-driven extrusion system","authors":"Jéssica Heline Lopes da Fonseca , Ingri Julieth Mancilla Corzo , Rafael Abboud Azoubel , Rêner Pontes Tavares , Violeta Carvalho , Senhorinha F.C.F. Teixeira , José Luis Dávila , Marcos Akira d'Ávila","doi":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces and validates a custom load cell integrated into a 3D printer head for the <em>in-situ</em> measurement of pressures and rheological behavior during hydrogel printing in a piston-driven extrusion printer. In-situ force measurements were performed during extrusion of the three hydrogel formulations with distinct rheological properties to validate the load cell approach. The extrusion forces were converted into pressure values, and compared with predictions from analytical models, and further validated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, demonstrating a strong agreement. Apparent shear stress and viscosities were estimated from the extrusion force data using capillary rheometry principles and closely matched steady-shear values obtained from conventional rheometry. The load cell system was also used to investigate the effects of printing speed and needle diameter on extrusion behavior and print fidelity using CMC/CNC hydrogels. Higher printing speeds and narrower needle diameters resulted in increased extrusion pressures, significantly impacting shape fidelity. These findings are particularly relevant for 3D bioprinting, where real-time control of material properties is needed to balance resolution and cell viability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37770,"journal":{"name":"Bioprinting","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article e00446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00445
Jieun Baek , Yudong Hong , Donghyun Lee , Ashley Hyomin Roh , C-Yoon Kim , Hyung Min Chung , Ji-Heon Lee , KyoungWhee Jeon
This study successfully established a full-thickness artificial skin model (CLE-iFTs) composed solely of human iPSC-derived fibroblasts (FBs) and keratinocytes (KCs) using a 3D bioprinting system. To evaluate the validity and performance of this model, we compared it with a manually fabricated counterpart (M-iPSC-FTs).
Quantitative analysis revealed that the keratinocyte proliferation rate in CLE-iFTs, as indicated by the percentage of Ki-67 positive cells (18.7 ± 1.2 %, p < 0.01), was significantly higher than in M-iPSC-FTs (9.7 ± 2.8 %). The basal epidermal marker KRT14 showed an average integrated density of 79,621.67 ± 3913.36 in CLE-iFTs and 75,442 ± 3913.36 in M-iPSC-FTs (p < 0.05), while the suprabasal marker KRT10 exhibited an integrated density of 247,260.33 ± 15,570.34 and 193,760 ± 24,214.66, respectively (p < 0.01), indicating stronger epidermal differentiation in the bioprinted model.
In addition, the dermis of CLE-iFTs demonstrated faster cell proliferation and higher cellular density compared to the manual model. Functional assessments further revealed that CLE-iFTs exhibited greater resistance to chemically induced cytotoxicity (IC50 value: 3.087 mg/mL vs. 2.761 mg/mL, p < 0.05) and a more favorable response to UVB irradiation, as evidenced by lower MMP-1 expression (p < 0.001) and higher Pro-collagen levels (p < 0.01).
In conclusion, the CLE-iFTs model provides superior reproducibility, enhanced structural integrity, and improved functional performance compared to manually fabricated models. These results highlight the potential of CLE-iFTs as a robust and reliable platform for advanced skin research, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine applications.
{"title":"Development of iPSC-derived full-thickness human skin via droplet-based 3D bioprinting","authors":"Jieun Baek , Yudong Hong , Donghyun Lee , Ashley Hyomin Roh , C-Yoon Kim , Hyung Min Chung , Ji-Heon Lee , KyoungWhee Jeon","doi":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study successfully established a full-thickness artificial skin model (CLE-iFTs) composed solely of human iPSC-derived fibroblasts (FBs) and keratinocytes (KCs) using a 3D bioprinting system. To evaluate the validity and performance of this model, we compared it with a manually fabricated counterpart (M-iPSC-FTs).</div><div>Quantitative analysis revealed that the keratinocyte proliferation rate in CLE-iFTs, as indicated by the percentage of Ki-67 positive cells (18.7 ± 1.2 %, p < 0.01), was significantly higher than in M-iPSC-FTs (9.7 ± 2.8 %). The basal epidermal marker KRT14 showed an average integrated density of 79,621.67 ± 3913.36 in CLE-iFTs and 75,442 ± 3913.36 in M-iPSC-FTs (p < 0.05), while the suprabasal marker KRT10 exhibited an integrated density of 247,260.33 ± 15,570.34 and 193,760 ± 24,214.66, respectively (p < 0.01), indicating stronger epidermal differentiation in the bioprinted model.</div><div>In addition, the dermis of CLE-iFTs demonstrated faster cell proliferation and higher cellular density compared to the manual model. Functional assessments further revealed that CLE-iFTs exhibited greater resistance to chemically induced cytotoxicity (IC<sub>50</sub> value: 3.087 mg/mL vs. 2.761 mg/mL, p < 0.05) and a more favorable response to UVB irradiation, as evidenced by lower MMP-1 expression (p < 0.001) and higher Pro-collagen levels (p < 0.01).</div><div>In conclusion, the CLE-iFTs model provides superior reproducibility, enhanced structural integrity, and improved functional performance compared to manually fabricated models. These results highlight the potential of CLE-iFTs as a robust and reliable platform for advanced skin research, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37770,"journal":{"name":"Bioprinting","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article e00445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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