Bioprinting最新文献

The low occurrence rate of bone cancer contributes to delayed diagnosis and treatment; in addition, the surgical resection of bone tumors can cause significant bone defects, further hindering the effective treatment of the disease. 3D printing can help overcome some of these limitations by enabling the design and fabrication of innovative scaffolds loaded with chemotherapeutics and growth factors, stimulating bone regeneration, and delivering targeted cancer treatment. Moreover, advancements in nanotechnology have opened up new possibilities for bone tissue engineering. Nanoparticles (NPs) possess size-dependent physicochemical properties. NPs can also be designed to respond to specific stimuli enhancing localized drug delivery. These unique properties can be harnessed by embedding NPs in 3D-printed scaffolds to develop multifunctional bone scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties and drug delivery capabilities. This review evaluates the impact of incorporating NPs in 3D-printed scaffolds on bone cancer therapy and bone regeneration. First, various 3D printing techniques employed in the biomedical field are presented and explained. The article then highlights notable achievements by researchers in this area. Finally, the review discusses the current obstacles facing this technology and how they can be addressed to enable translation into clinics.

Bioprinting is a versatile technology gaining rapid adoption in healthcare fields such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and surgical planning. Although the current state of the technology is in its infancy, it is envisioned that its evolution will be enabled by the integration of the following technologies: Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud computing, Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML), NextGen Networks, and Blockchain. The product of this integration will eventually be a smart bioprinting ecosystem. This paper presents the smart bioprinting ecosystem as a multilayered architecture and reviews the cyber security challenges, vulnerabilities, and threats in every layer. Furthermore, the paper presents privacy preservation solutions and provides a purview of the open research challenges in the smart bioprinting ecosystem.

Flexible hydrogels are extensively being explored for potential applications in biomedical devices and flexible electronics. Long-term stability and excellent flexibility are two critical criteria for hydrogel-based devices. In this study, a ternary blend ink was formulated specifically for three-dimensional (3D) printing of stretchable hydrogels comprising silk fibroin, polyvinyl alcohol, and methylcellulose. The ink composition was tuned to ensure favorable rheological properties for 3D printing. The printed hydrogels were subjected to methanol treatment to achieve the desired flexibility. The developed silk hydrogels exhibited superior mechanical properties: elongation at break (459 ± 5 %), breaking strength (137 ± 6 kPa), elastic modulus (37 ± 3 kPa), toughness (334 ± 7 kJ/m³), and hysteresis (1.1 ± 0.4 kJ/m²). Additionally, the hydrogel exhibited anti-fatigue and shape recovery abilities. The in vitro degradation study demonstrated the long-term stability of the hydrogel. Furthermore, the in vivo biocompatibility was evaluated by subcutaneous implantation of the printed construct in a rodent model. The histological analysis of the tissue morphology and assessment of blood parameters showed no hallmarks of adverse immune reaction or toxicity caused by the implanted construct. Overall, the developed silk-based ternary blend ink can serve as a potential material platform for 3D printing hydrogel-based implantable devices.

Biocomposites, innovative materials derived from a synergy of biopolymers and reinforcing agents, have emerged as promising contenders in the realm of medical applications. This mini-review delves into the multifaceted applications of biocomposites within the medical field, shedding light on their sources, unique characteristics, and diverse utility. The foundation of biocomposites lies in their composition, typically encompassing natural polymers such as collagen, chitosan, or alginate, interwoven with reinforcing elements like cellulose, nanofibers, or hydroxyapatite. This amalgamation imparts biocomposites with a remarkable blend of biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and tailorable properties, making them suitable candidates for an array of medical applications. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are at the forefront of biocomposite utilization, as these materials facilitate the development of scaffolds that mimic the extracellular matrix, fostering cell growth and tissue regeneration. Additionally, biocomposites play a pivotal role in crafting implantable medical devices, where their biodegradability and compatibility with bodily fluids enhance their longevity and performance. The versatile nature of biocomposites extends to drug delivery systems, offering controlled release mechanisms for pharmaceuticals. Cardiovascular interventions benefit from biocomposites due to their hemocompatibility and potential for manufacturing stents and grafts. Despite the promise of biocomposites, clinical challenges persist, including the need for standardized testing and regulatory approval. Despite this, there is a lot of promise for the future because of continuous research into improving the characteristics of biocomposite materials and broadening the range of their uses. By utilizing their distinctive combination of biocompatibility and mechanical strength, this mini-review highlights the revolutionary effects of biocomposites in the medical industry.

A new class of alloys called magnesium-based alloys has the unique property of being biodegradable inside the humans and animals. In addition to being biodegradable, Mg-based alloys are suitable materials for creating medical implants for utilization in orthopaedic and traumatology therapies due to their inherent biocompatibility and bone-like density. Due to the combination of bioimplant design and manufacturing techniques appropriate to particular applications, additive manufacturing (AM) and three-dimensional (3D) printing now offer a potential production approach. Magnesium (Mg) use in biomedical field is rising year by year due to rising needs in the biomedical sector. In this biomedical field, additive manufacturing (AM) gives you the freedom to create components with complicated shapes and good dimensional stability. Additionally, it opens up a new opportunity for using unique component architectures, expanding the uses for magnesium alloy. The numerous AM techniques utilised to create biomedical implants from magnesium-based alloys were rigorously examined in current study, along with the materials, microscopic structure, mechanical characteristics, biocompatibility, biodegradability and antibacterial properties. It was observed that powder bed fusion (PBF) is a very good method for manufacturing magnesium implants as topology can be carefully controlled in powder bed fusion process. It was observed that selective laser melting process offer more functionality than selective laser sintering process because Mg is completely melted and penetrated deeply during selective laser melting process. Selective laser melting has advantages such as smaller grains, a homogenous phase distribution, an improved solid solution rapid solidification and considerable cooling rates. In this article the difficulties and problems associated with AM methods were recognised from the viewpoints of bioimplant design, characteristics, and applications. Critical exploration is also done on the difficulties and potential of AM of magnesium alloys.

Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM)-based materials possess innate biochemical cues to drive cell recruitment and differentiation and are of interest for cartilage tissue engineering. While 3D-printing (3DP) provides a means for achieving the precise architecture needed for cartilage tissue engineering, dECM hydrogels have proven difficult to translate to 3DP due to low viscosity and weak mechanical properties. In this study, a cartilage dECM (cdECM, 3 w/v%) was combined with varied amounts of gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs; 10, 12.5, 15 w/v%) to form novel hydrogel-colloidal composite materials for 3DP. The addition of GNPs increased the viscosity and rheological properties of the cdECM hydrogel in a dose-dependent manner, directly improving the printability of cdECM 3DP inks. Additionally, functionalization of both materials yielded a UV-crosslinkable material for post-printing crosslinking, and increased GNP content increased post-UV storage moduli with 15 w/v% GNPs yielding a storage modulus 26x greater than that of cdECM alone. 3DP construct swelling and degradation were decreased as a function of increased UV-crosslinking dosage (0, 1.5, and 3 J/cm²). After 14 d of swelling in PBS, construct non-porous area was increased by ∼40 % and pore area was increased by ∼30 % for uncrosslinked (0 J/cm²) constructs versus highly crosslinked (3 J/cm²) constructs. Roughly 40 % higher mass retention was observed across GNP content groups for 3 J/cm² versus 0 J/cm² UV exposure after 14 d of enzymatic degradation, showing the potential for tuning physicochemical properties via UV exposure. Likewise, the retention of key biochemical components of cdECM over the course of degradation was evaluated. Sulfated glycosaminoglycans, a key reservoir for tissue-specific growth factors, were found to be retained within scaffolds over 14 d of degradation and to be released relative to construct degradation and UV-crosslinking. The results suggest that a photoreactive dECM and colloidal composite material provides a platform for increasing the printability of dECM inks and the delivery of complex biochemical cues for regenerative medicine applications.

Cancer cells do not exist in isolation; their dynamic interaction with other cells and non-cell components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) allows them to divide and evolve. Recent research has significantly impacted the importance of TME in vitro models for cancer therapy and the varied degrees of complexity among them. The complex biology of the TME has been recreated using cutting-edge technologies, including 3D bioprinting and tumor-on-a-chip models using different cell types and biomaterials. Therefore, it is crucial to classify the recently produced 3D in-vitro cancer models according to the cell type population(s) used to mimic the complexity. By concentrating on the relevance of these models to in-vivo conditions, this review attempts to strengthen the foundation for chemotherapeutic drug research and personalized treatment.

More relevant human tissue models are needed to produce reliable results when studying disease mechanisms of genetic diseases and developing or testing novel drugs in cardiac tissue engineering (TE). Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting enables physiologically relevant positioning of the cells inside the growth matrix according to the detailed digital design. Here we combined human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) with methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) and collagen I-based bioink and 3D extrusion bioprinted a cardiac in vitro model for disease modeling and drug screening. Bioprinted constructs were characterized for their rheological properties, swelling behavior, degradation, as well as shape fidelity. The printed structures demonstrated good mechanical properties and high shape fidelity upon culture. Immunocytochemistry revealed elongated hiPSC-CMs growing inside the structures and the presence of the connexin 43 marker, indicating cardiac gap junctions between printed cells and tissue formation. Extensive functional analyses with calcium imaging showed normal functionality and calcium-handling properties for hiPSC-CMs. Finally, suitability of this 3D bioprinted construct for patient-specific disease modeling was demonstrated by bioprinting hiPSC-CMs from a patient carrying an inherited gene mutation causing catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). CPVT hiPSC-CMs responded to adrenaline treatment in the 3D bioprinted model in a manner that is characteristic for CPVT disease specific phenotype. Thus, the 3D bioprinted hiPSC-CM in vitro model has great potential for disease modeling and drug screening in cardiac tissue engineering.

Bone scaffolds are three-dimensional biocompatible structure that mimics the properties of natural bone and is used in tissue engineering applications to help repair or regenerate bone tissue. In addition to acting as a temporary framework for the growth of new bone, it permits the infiltration of cells, nutrients, and blood vessels to speed up the healing process. The performance and use of bone scaffolds are greatly influenced by the design of their pores.Pore shapes in bone scaffolds play a crucial role in determining their functionality and performance.In the current study, bone scaffolds were fabricatedusing 3D printing and polycaprolactone material with various pore shapes, including circles, hexagons, squares, and triangles. SOLIDWORKS® 2023 was used to solid model the scaffolds with various pore shapes. Compression tests and finite element analysis using ANSYS WORKBENCH® 2023 were used to assess the mechanical properties of these scaffolds. The findings show that the circular pore shape performed better than its counter parts. This study advances our knowledge of the connection between pore shape and scaffold functionality, facilitating the design of better bone scaffolds for a varied applications.