Journal of Power Sources最新文献_第10页

Electronic structure and absorption characteristics of two-dimensional perovskites Csn+1PbnCl3n+1 (n = 1, 2, and 4): Co-regulation of the number of layers and Ge doping concentration 二维过氧化物Csn+1PbnCl3n+1（n = 1、2 和 4）的电子结构和吸收特性：层数和 Ge 掺杂浓度的共同调控

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235879

Wenbo Xiao , Xinping Guo , Yongbo Li , Jingbo Li

The structures of monolayer (Cs₂PbCl₄), bilayer (Cs₃Pb₂Cl₇), and tetralayer (Cs₅Pb₄Cl₁₃) 2D CsPbCl₃ perovskites are constructed by cutting along the (001) crystal plane of CsPbCl₃. The lattice structure, band structure, density of states, and absorption coefficients of Cs_n+1Ge_nxPb_n(1-x)Cl_3n+1 (n = 1, 2, and 4) at various germanium (Ge) doping concentrations are calculated. By co-regulating the number of layers and Ge doping concentration, the range for band gap tuning can be significantly broadened, overcoming the limitations associated with using a single tuning parameter. Furthermore, the analysis of absorption coefficients shows that increasing the number of layers has a limited effect on the material's absorption at visible wavelengths but improves the overall absorption performance. Increasing the Ge doping concentration notably enhances the absorption capabilities across both the visible and ultraviolet (UV) spectra (>8 eV) of materials. In conclusion, the co-regulation strategy employed in this study provides a wider range of band gap and absorption capabilities tuning for Cs_n+1Ge_nxPb_n(1-x)Cl_3n+1, thereby significantly enhancing their potential and applicability in optoelectronics. Additionally, this study serves as an important reference for the construction and performance optimization of 2D perovskites.

通过沿 CsPbCl3 的 (001) 晶面切割，构建了单层 (Cs2PbCl4)、双层 (Cs3Pb2Cl7) 和四层 (Cs5Pb4Cl13) 二维 CsPbCl3 包晶的结构。计算了不同锗（Ge）掺杂浓度下 Csn+1GenxPbn(1-x)Cl3n+1 （n = 1、2 和 4）的晶格结构、能带结构、态密度和吸收系数。通过共同调节层数和锗掺杂浓度，带隙调节的范围可以大大拓宽，克服了使用单一调节参数的局限性。此外，对吸收系数的分析表明，增加层数对材料在可见光波段的吸收影响有限，但却能改善整体吸收性能。提高掺杂 Ge 的浓度可显著增强材料在可见光和紫外线 (UV) 光谱（8 eV）上的吸收能力。总之，本研究中采用的共同调节策略为 Csn+1GenxPbn(1-x)Cl3n+1 提供了更宽的带隙和吸收能力调节范围，从而显著提高了它们在光电子领域的潜力和适用性。此外，本研究还为二维过氧化物的构建和性能优化提供了重要参考。

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引用次数: 0

Passivation strategies for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting 增强光电化学水分离的钝化策略

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235860

Pengliang Chen , Bokai Kang , Pengcheng Liu , Xingxing Cheng , Shiming Zhong , Xuetao Wang , Baizeng Fang

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is an efficient method of absorbing solar energy and converting it to hydrogen energy. However, in actual applications, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is significantly lower than the theoretical value due to the high recombination of photogenerated carriers in the semiconductor and its own instability. Surface passivation strategies can reduce the impact of surface defect states on the actual photoelectric performance and achieve effective protection of the inner layer materials. This article reviews the recent advances in the passivation strategies for mainstream PEC photoanode materials, such as TiO₂, BiVO₄, Fe₂O₃, and photocathode materials such as Cu-based and silicon-based materials. The main functions of the passivation layer strategies are discussed, such as reducing surface recombination and maintaining semiconductor stability. The state of the art of passivation strategies is presented. The research achievements on passivation strategies are summarized, and their challenges and possible future development directions are projected.

光电化学（PEC）水分裂是一种吸收太阳能并将其转化为氢能的高效方法。然而，在实际应用中，由于光生载流子在半导体中的高度重组及其自身的不稳定性，光电转换效率明显低于理论值。表面钝化策略可以降低表面缺陷态对实际光电性能的影响，实现对内层材料的有效保护。本文综述了主流 PEC 光阳极材料（如 TiO2、BiVO4、Fe2O3）以及光阴极材料（如铜基和硅基材料）的钝化策略的最新进展。讨论了钝化层策略的主要功能，如减少表面重组和保持半导体稳定性。介绍了钝化策略的最新进展。总结了钝化策略的研究成果，并预测了其面临的挑战和未来可能的发展方向。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of silicon content on mechanical abuse and thermal runaway of Li-ion battery cells 硅含量对锂离子电池机械性能和热失控的影响

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235840

Alexander Hahn , Jannes Müller , Stefan Doose , Arno Kwade

In order to increase the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, the use of silicon alongside graphite is spreading in the application. However, the high energy densities are accompanied with safety risks, as high energy density materials can be more prone to thermal runaway. Therefore, the effect of five different silicon contents (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 wt%) on the safety performance during mechanical abuse were investigated. Anodes were produced, characterized and processed into cells with a NCM-83-11-6 cathode. The electrochemical performance was analyzed, and the thermal runaway in pouch cells was investigated using crush tests with a hemispherical punch. The results disclose an up to 30 % increase in load capacity with increasing silicon content while the thermal runaway reaction is more severe. The reaction time decreases with a rate of 0.035 s %_Si⁻¹ and the cell surface temperature as well as the mass loss increase with 6.1 °C %_Si⁻¹ and 0.47 % %_Si⁻¹. This study provides insights into the influence of electrode and cell parameter from production to the safety behavior in a mechanical abuse test and can help to develop batteries that exhibit high energy density as well as sufficient safety characteristics.

为了提高锂离子电池的能量密度，硅与石墨的并用在应用中越来越广泛。然而，高能量密度伴随着安全风险，因为高能量密度材料更容易发生热失控。因此，我们研究了五种不同的硅含量（0、2.5、5、10、15 wt%）对机械滥用时安全性能的影响。对阳极进行了生产、表征，并将其加工成带有 NCM-83-11-6 阴极的电池。对电化学性能进行了分析，并使用半球形冲头进行挤压试验，对袋装电池的热失控进行了研究。结果表明，随着硅含量的增加，负载能力最多可提高 30%，而热失控反应却更加严重。反应时间以 0.035 s %Si-1 的速率减少，电池表面温度和质量损失以 6.1 °C %Si-1 和 0.47 %Si-1 的速率增加。这项研究深入探讨了电极和电池参数从生产到机械滥用测试中对安全行为的影响，有助于开发出既具有高能量密度又具有足够安全特性的电池。

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引用次数: 0

Utilization of superhydrophilic metallosurfactant electrocatalyst for enhanced cathodic oxygen reduction reaction in Microbial Fuel Cell 利用超亲水性金属表面活性剂电催化剂增强微生物燃料电池中的阴极氧还原反应

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235841

Pooja Devi , Harshal Mehta , Uma Batra , Gurpreet Kaur

The microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have the ability to produce clean energy from waste, but the process needs to be more sustainable, cost effective, durable and scalable. A Palladium metallosurfactant PdDDAB (Didodecyldimethylammonium palladium bromide dichloride) based super-hydrophilic bilayered film is developed on carbon cloth (CC) as Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) cathode catalyst for microbial fuel cell using one step hydrothermal approach. At an optimized concentration (1.5 mM), catalyst shows a higher increase in the current density, a thousand fold rise in the exchange current density. Moreover, 60 times reduced polarisation resistance than bare CC and decreased tafel slope is observed. The PdDDAB-coated electrode exhibits a more positive onset potential and retains 90.8 % initial current density for 24 h showing remarkable stability against ORR. The enhanced catalytic performance in ORR is due to formation of uniform bilayered lamellar membrane with super-hydrophilic behavior, arising from the synergistic effect of electrochemical properties of Pd and the surface characteristics of DDAB surfactant. The catalyst also demonstrates 150 % higher current density (471.8 mA/m²) in single-chamber MFCs with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa compared to bare CC electrode (187.7 mA/m²).

微生物燃料电池（MFC）能够利用废物生产清洁能源，但其工艺需要更具可持续性、成本效益、耐用性和可扩展性。采用一步水热法，在碳布（CC）上开发了一种基于钯金属表面活性剂 PdDDAB（十二烷基二甲基溴化钯铵二氯化物）的超亲水双层膜，作为微生物燃料电池的氧还原反应（ORR）阴极催化剂。在最佳浓度（1.5 mM）下，催化剂显示出更高的电流密度，交换电流密度增加了一千倍。此外，与裸 CC 相比，极化电阻降低了 60 倍，塔菲尔斜率也有所降低。涂有 PdDDAB 的电极显示出更正的起始电位，并在 24 小时内保持了 90.8% 的初始电流密度，显示出对 ORR 的显著稳定性。ORR 催化性能的增强是由于钯的电化学特性和 DDAB 表面活性剂的表面特性产生了协同效应，形成了具有超亲水性的均匀双层片状膜。与裸 CC 电极（187.7 mA/m2）相比，该催化剂在带有绿脓杆菌的单室 MFC 中的电流密度（471.8 mA/m2）提高了 150%。

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引用次数: 0

Lamellar confined ionic liquid electrolytes with advanced performance for Li-ion batteries 用于锂离子电池的具有先进性能的层状封闭离子液体电解质

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235866

Shengxi Meng , Hao Ruan , Qiannan Yu , Qiang Zhao , Caihong Wang , Yong Wu , Shuai Tan

Ionic liquids are promising to rival traditional organic solvent to develop safe electrolytes for Li-ion batteries. However, the ionic liquid-based electrolytes still suffered from issues of inferior performance and potential leakage. Here, non-ionic surfactant Brij58 was introduced into ionic liquid electrolytes (BMPTFSI/LiTFSI) consisting of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bistriflimide (BMPTFSI) and LiTFSI salt to construct solid-state lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs). Self-assembly of Brij58 in ionic liquid electrolytes constructed lamellar nanostructures, which confined the ionic liquid electrolytes to form layered conducting channels. The nanoscale layered conducting channels in solid-state LLC electrolytes endowed liquid-like ion conductivity and significantly improved Li-ion transfer. Although the LLC electrolytes only consumed 50 wt % BMPTFSI/LiTFSI, the discharge capacities and rate performance of the Li-ion batteries based on LLC electrolytes was much improved comparing to that containing pristine BMPTFSI/LiTFSI. Also, the flame-retardant feature retained within the lamellar LLC electrolytes. The work paved new way for optimizing the conducting performance of IL electrolytes by constructing lamellar lyotropic LLC nanostructures.

离子液体有望取代传统的有机溶剂，为锂离子电池开发安全的电解质。然而，基于离子液体的电解质仍然存在性能低下和潜在泄漏的问题。在此，研究人员将非离子表面活性剂Brij58引入到由1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷鎓双酯酰亚胺（BMPTFSI）和LiTFSI盐组成的离子液体电解质（BMPTFSI/LiTFSI）中，构建了固态溶胀性液晶（LLC）。Brij58 在离子液体电解质中的自组装构建了薄片状纳米结构，它限制了离子液体电解质形成分层导电通道。固态 LLC 电解质中的纳米级层状导电通道具有类似液体的离子导电性，显著改善了锂离子的传输。虽然LLC电解质只消耗了50 wt %的BMPTFSI/LiTFSI，但与含有原始BMPTFSI/LiTFSI的锂离子电池相比，基于LLC电解质的锂离子电池的放电容量和速率性能有了很大提高。此外，片状 LLC 电解质还保留了阻燃特性。这项工作为通过构建片状各向同性有限责任公司纳米结构来优化IL电解质的导电性能铺平了新的道路。

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引用次数: 0

The photoelectrode of photo-rechargeable zinc-ion batteries: Design, progress 光充电式锌离子电池的光电极：设计、进展

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235854

Qianqian Cai, Guangran Di, Xiaojing Yin, Ye Liu, Guoqiang Wang, Yubo Kuang, Xiaoqian Xiang, Kaixin Wang, Lei Zhang, Xing Chen, Xiaojun Lv

With the continuous transformation of the energy structure, the position of solar energy in energy consumption is becoming more and more important due to its easy accessibility, abundant supply and renewable features. Solar cells are an effective means of realizing solar energy into electrical energy. However, solar cells can only output electrical energy, but cannot achieve energy storage. Photo-rechargeable batteries are a strategy to utilize solar energy efficiently, which can charge the battery by solar energy indirectly and release the electrical energy when needed. Zinc-ion batteries have vast prospects for the development of electrochemical energy storage batteries due to their high theoretical capacity, low cost and high safety. As a device integrating solar energy collection, conversion and storage, photo-rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (PRZIBs) have attracted extensive research interest in recent years. However, PRZIBs still face problems such as lack of development of photoelectrode materials, low energy conversion efficiency, and short survive life. In this paper, the working principle of PRZIBs and the development of photoelectrodes in material selection and structural design are introduced, and the research results of PRZIBs in recent years are systematically summarized. Finally, the problems that need to be solved in the development of PRZIBs are discussed, and suggestions are put forward to achieve high-performance and availability PRZIBs.

随着能源结构的不断转型，太阳能以其获取方便、供应充足、可再生等特点，在能源消费中的地位越来越重要。太阳能电池是实现太阳能转化为电能的有效手段。然而，太阳能电池只能输出电能，无法实现储能。光能充电电池是一种有效利用太阳能的策略，它可以间接利用太阳能为电池充电，并在需要时释放电能。锌离子电池理论容量高、成本低、安全性高，在电化学储能电池领域具有广阔的发展前景。作为一种集太阳能收集、转换和储存于一体的装置，光电可充电锌离子电池（PRZIBs）近年来引起了广泛的研究兴趣。然而，PRZIB 仍面临着光电极材料开发不足、能量转换效率低、存活寿命短等问题。本文介绍了 PRZIB 的工作原理以及光电极在材料选择和结构设计方面的发展，并系统总结了近年来 PRZIB 的研究成果。最后，讨论了 PRZIBs 发展中需要解决的问题，并提出了实现 PRZIBs 高性能和高可用性的建议。

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引用次数: 0

The evaluation of triple conductor Ba0.95La0.05Fe0.8Zn0.2O3-δ as air electrode for reversible protonic ceramic fuel cell 三导体 Ba0.95La0.05Fe0.8Zn0.2O3-δ 作为可逆质子陶瓷燃料电池空气电极的评估

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235882

Yu Bao , Wei Tang , Pengqi Chen , Yingwei Lu , Tao Hong , Jigui Cheng

High-efficiency and low-pollution energy conversion devices as protonic ceramic fuel cells have attracted the interest of a wide range of researchers, and the air electrode materials play vital roles in the operation of fuel cell and also dominate the electrolysis of steam to hydrogen process. Here we report the triple conductor Ba_0.95La_0.05Fe_0.8Zn_0.2O_3−δ (BLFZ) with high proton concentration as air electrode to evaluate its electrochemical performance. The BLFZ powder could remain its cubic structure with the lattice parameter of 4.063 Å in humid air at 700 °C. The electrical conductivity relaxation measurement proves that the proton uptake in BLFZ could be taken in hydrogenation method, but shows slower proton uptake kinetics than oxygen ion. And in symmetrical cell test, the BLFZ electrode exhibits obvious competition in oxygen and water molecular adsorption, where the addition of steam in air could result in higher polarization resistance and shows better electrochemical performance in humid pure O₂ atmosphere. When apply the BLFZ as air electrode in fuel cell, it shows 0.623 Wcm⁻² power density at 700 °C, and in electrolysis mode, the BLFZ air electrode shows good catalytic activity for water electrolysis with 0.5 Acm⁻² current density at 1.3 V under 600 °C.

质子陶瓷燃料电池这种高效率、低污染的能源转换装置引起了众多研究人员的兴趣，而空气电极材料在燃料电池的运行中起着至关重要的作用，同时也主导着电解蒸汽制氢过程。在此，我们报道了高质子浓度的三导体 Ba0.95La0.05Fe0.8Zn0.2O3-δ （BLFZ）作为空气电极，并对其电化学性能进行了评估。在 700 °C 的潮湿空气中，BLFZ 粉末仍能保持立方结构，其晶格参数为 4.063 Å。电导率弛豫测量证明，在氢化方法中，BLFZ 可以吸收质子，但质子吸收动力学慢于氧离子。在对称电池测试中，BLFZ电极在氧气和水分子吸附方面表现出明显的竞争性，在空气中加入蒸汽会导致更高的极化电阻，在潮湿的纯氧气氛中表现出更好的电化学性能。将 BLFZ 作为空气电极应用于燃料电池时，在 700 ℃ 时的功率密度为 0.623 Wcm-2；在电解模式下，BLFZ 空气电极对水的电解具有良好的催化活性，在 600 ℃、1.3 V 电压下的电流密度为 0.5 Acm-2。

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引用次数: 0

Surface modification effect of Li3NbO4 on LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode material under varying voltage and temperature conditions 不同电压和温度条件下 Li3NbO4 对 LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 正极材料的表面改性效应

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235845

Jae-Ho Park , Min-Young Kim , Jiwon Jeong , Mingony Kim , Hun-Gi Jung , Woo Young Yoon , Kyung Yoon Chung

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play a key role in energy storage applications due to their high energy density and long cycle life. However, the structural and electrochemical degradation of cathode materials, especially under high-voltage and high-temperature conditions, remains a critical challenge. In this study, we address these issues by applying surface modification to LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ (NCM523) using Li₃NbO₄ (LNbO) through a solid-state coating method. This surface modification aims to suppress adverse side reactions, enhance structural stability, and improve both electrochemical performance and thermal stability. Our findings show LNbO coating effectively mitigates undesirable phase transitions, such as the formation of spinel and rock-salt structures, and significantly improves cycling stability. Furthermore, this study shows that the optimal LNbO coating ratio varies depending on specific operating conditions, and adjusting the coating thickness according to the voltage and temperature requirements is important. It also demonstrates that the coating improves thermal stability. This study highlights the potential of LNbO surface modification as a scalable and practical strategy to improve the performance and safety of NCM-based cathodes, particularly for high-performance LIBs in EV and ESS applications, where both high energy density and thermal stability are essential.

锂离子电池（LIB）具有能量密度高、循环寿命长的特点，在储能应用中发挥着关键作用。然而，正极材料的结构和电化学降解，尤其是在高电压和高温条件下的结构和电化学降解，仍然是一个严峻的挑战。在本研究中，我们通过固态涂层方法，使用 Li3NbO4（LNbO）对 LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2（NCM523）进行表面改性，从而解决了这些问题。这种表面改性的目的是抑制不良副反应，提高结构稳定性，改善电化学性能和热稳定性。我们的研究结果表明，LNbO 涂层能有效缓解不良相变，如尖晶石和岩盐结构的形成，并显著提高循环稳定性。此外，这项研究还表明，最佳铌酸锂镀层比例因具体操作条件而异，根据电压和温度要求调整镀层厚度非常重要。研究还表明，涂层能提高热稳定性。这项研究强调了 LNbO 表面改性作为一种可扩展的实用策略的潜力，它可以提高基于 NCM 的阴极的性能和安全性，尤其适用于电动汽车和 ESS 应用中的高性能 LIB，因为在这些应用中，高能量密度和热稳定性都是至关重要的。

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引用次数: 0

Electrochemical characterization and discharge performance of AZ31, AZ61 and AZ91 alloys as anodes for seawater battery 用作海水电池阳极的 AZ31、AZ61 和 AZ91 合金的电化学特性和放电性能

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235863

Arya Sethu Madhavan , K.A. Thomas , Leena Rajith

The abundance, environmental friendliness and high energy density of magnesium makes it an attractive option for eco-friendly battery development. This research article explores the performance of commercial magnesium alloys AZ31, AZ61 AZ91 in seawater battery applications, with a focus on corrosion resistance, discharge efficiency and long-term stability. The study highlights the role of aluminium concentration in these alloys, with a specific emphasis on how variations in concentration impact the performance metrics such as corrosion susceptibility, hydrogen evolution and anode utilization. Increasing the aluminium concentration to around 6 wt % in AZ61 not only boosts discharge activation but also enables the formation of protective magnesium aluminide (Mg₁₇Al₁₂), which acts as a barrier, preventing the self-peeling of corrosion products and enhancing stability during prolonged discharge. AZ61 emerges as the optimal alloy, balancing corrosion resistance, discharge efficiency, high anode utilization factor and long-term stability in highly corrosive seawater conditions. The results of electrochemical and discharge performance testing are supported by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The work offers a framework for future research that can boost the development on design of seawater battery with corrosion-resistant materials, high discharge efficiency and minimal adverse environmental impact.

镁的丰富性、环保性和高能量密度使其成为开发环保电池的一个极具吸引力的选择。这篇研究文章探讨了商用镁合金 AZ31、AZ61 AZ91 在海水电池应用中的性能，重点是耐腐蚀性、放电效率和长期稳定性。研究强调了铝浓度在这些合金中的作用，特别强调了铝浓度的变化对腐蚀敏感性、氢演化和阳极利用率等性能指标的影响。将 AZ61 中的铝浓度提高到 6 wt % 左右不仅能提高放电活化，还能形成保护性铝化镁（Mg17Al12），起到屏障作用，防止腐蚀产物自剥落，并在长时间放电过程中提高稳定性。在高腐蚀性海水条件下，AZ61 是兼顾耐腐蚀性、放电效率、高阳极利用系数和长期稳定性的最佳合金。电化学阻抗光谱（EIS）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）分析为电化学和放电性能测试结果提供了支持。这项研究为今后的研究提供了一个框架，有助于开发设计具有抗腐蚀材料、高放电效率和最小环境影响的海水电池。

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引用次数: 0

Pore-scale investigation of methane steam transport in porous anodes of solid oxide fuel cells with varying structures 不同结构固体氧化物燃料电池多孔阳极中甲烷蒸汽传输的孔隙尺度研究

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235881

Xiaoxing Yang , Guogang Yang , Hao Wang , Zhuangzhuang Xu , Shengzheng Ji , Han Sun , He Miao , Jinliang Yuan

A pore-scale Lattice Boltzmann (LB) model has been developed to simulate multi-component mass transport in the porous anodes of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) operating with methane steam. In this model, different porosities, carbon depositions, and gradients of anode microstructures are reconstructed through quartet structure generation set methods, and their impact on the local distribution of methane steam is thoroughly investigated both qualitatively and quantitatively. The relationship between anode microstructures and mass transfer has been clearly established. The results demonstrate that the localized porosity within the anode microstructure has a significant impact on mass transport. By modifying the anode structure into a gradient electrode, the transport effect can be effectively enhanced, and carbon deposition is slowed down. The LB model and the findings of this study are crucial for developing anode structures resistant to carbon deposition.

为了模拟使用甲烷蒸汽的固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）多孔阳极中的多组分质量传输，我们开发了一种孔隙尺度的晶格玻尔兹曼（LB）模型。在该模型中，通过四元结构生成集方法重建了不同的孔隙率、碳沉积和阳极微结构梯度，并深入研究了它们对甲烷蒸汽局部分布的定性和定量影响。研究明确了阳极微结构与传质之间的关系。结果表明，阳极微观结构中的局部孔隙率对传质有重大影响。通过将阳极结构改造成梯度电极，可以有效增强传质效果，并减缓碳沉积。LB 模型和本研究的发现对于开发抗碳沉积的阳极结构至关重要。

引用次数: 0