Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239256
Damin Lee , Dong Hwan Kim , Jong Wook Roh , Seok-Hwan Chung , Jeongmin Kim
Cylindrical supercapacitors were fabricated using Ni2(CO3)(OH)2-based transition metal electrodes synthesized via a hydrothermal method, and the electrochemical performances of single-layer and double-layer electrode configurations were systematically compared. Both devices were designed to maintain the same total electrode area, with a graphite anode inserted at the core to ensure stable electron transport and mechanical robustness. Electrochemical evaluations revealed that the single-electrode device exhibited a specific capacity of 112.4 mAh g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1, while the double-layered device showed 101.7 mAh g−1 under the same conditions. Moreover, the single-layer electrode delivered an energy density of 30.4 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 406.4 W kg−1, whereas the double-layered electrode achieved improved values of 49.3 Wh kg−1 and 548.3 W kg−1, respectively. These results demonstrate that the cylindrical structure fabricated by rolling double-layered electrodes effectively mimics the architecture of commercial energy storage systems, providing a practical approach for evaluating real-world applicability.
采用水热法制备了Ni2(CO3)(OH)2基过渡金属电极，制备了圆柱形超级电容器，并系统比较了单层和双层电极结构的电化学性能。这两种器件都被设计成保持相同的总电极面积，在核心处插入石墨阳极，以确保稳定的电子传输和机械稳健性。电化学评价表明，在电流密度为2 a g−1时，单电极器件的比容量为112.4 mAh g−1，而在相同条件下，双层器件的比容量为101.7 mAh g−1。此外，单层电极的能量密度为30.4 Wh kg−1，功率密度为406.4 W kg−1，而双层电极的能量密度分别为49.3 Wh kg−1和548.3 W kg−1。这些结果表明，通过轧制双层电极制成的圆柱形结构有效地模拟了商业储能系统的架构，为评估现实世界的适用性提供了一种实用的方法。
{"title":"Fabrication and evaluation of high-performance cylindrical supercapacitors using double-layered Ni-based electrodes","authors":"Damin Lee , Dong Hwan Kim , Jong Wook Roh , Seok-Hwan Chung , Jeongmin Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cylindrical supercapacitors were fabricated using Ni<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)(OH)<sub>2</sub>-based transition metal electrodes synthesized via a hydrothermal method, and the electrochemical performances of single-layer and double-layer electrode configurations were systematically compared. Both devices were designed to maintain the same total electrode area, with a graphite anode inserted at the core to ensure stable electron transport and mechanical robustness. Electrochemical evaluations revealed that the single-electrode device exhibited a specific capacity of 112.4 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 2 A g<sup>−1</sup>, while the double-layered device showed 101.7 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> under the same conditions. Moreover, the single-layer electrode delivered an energy density of 30.4 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> and a power density of 406.4 W kg<sup>−1</sup>, whereas the double-layered electrode achieved improved values of 49.3 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> and 548.3 W kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. These results demonstrate that the cylindrical structure fabricated by rolling double-layered electrodes effectively mimics the architecture of commercial energy storage systems, providing a practical approach for evaluating real-world applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"667 ","pages":"Article 239256"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanostructured poly(styrene-b-ethylene oxide) block copolymers (BCPs) doped with lithium salt as solid-state electrolytes are of considerable interest for next-generation lithium-metal batteries. However, the advancement of nanostructured solid block copolymer electrolytes requires a deep understanding of the interconnection of electrochemical performance, ion transport, and mechanical properties. In this study, we investigated the electrochemical and rheological/mechanical behavior of several poly(styrene-b-ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) block copolymers doped with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) salt (r = 0.08), varying in PEO volume fraction within a consistent nanomorphology. Electrochemical and rheological measurements highlight diffusion correlations between both techniques. The implementation of theoretical equations based on the Stokes-Einstein, Nernst-Einstein, and Sand equations allows to predict ion-transport properties (ionic conductivity and salt diffusion), and electrochemical performance (limiting current) through viscoelastic mechanical characteristics, i.e., rubbery plateau modulus (). The calculated values from this novel methodology are in good agreement with experimental ones obtained by electrochemical measurements. This approach thus offers a new perspective on the interconnection between electrochemical performance, ionic transport, and the mechanical response of nanostructured block copolymer electrolytes.
{"title":"Rheology as promising tool to determine ion-transport and electrochemical performance of block copolymer electrolytes","authors":"Martino Airoldi , Mercedes Fernández , Irune Villaluenga","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.239236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.239236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanostructured poly(styrene-<em>b</em>-ethylene oxide) block copolymers (BCPs) doped with lithium salt as solid-state electrolytes are of considerable interest for next-generation lithium-metal batteries. However, the advancement of nanostructured solid block copolymer electrolytes requires a deep understanding of the interconnection of electrochemical performance, ion transport, and mechanical properties. In this study, we investigated the electrochemical and rheological/mechanical behavior of several poly(styrene-<em>b</em>-ethylene oxide) (PS-<em>b</em>-PEO) block copolymers doped with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) salt (<em>r</em> = 0.08), varying in PEO volume fraction within a consistent nanomorphology. Electrochemical and rheological measurements highlight diffusion correlations between both techniques. The implementation of theoretical equations based on the Stokes-Einstein, Nernst-Einstein, and Sand equations allows to predict ion-transport properties (ionic conductivity and salt diffusion), and electrochemical performance (limiting current) through viscoelastic mechanical characteristics, <em>i.e.</em>, rubbery plateau modulus (<span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>G</mi><mi>N</mi><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math></span>). The calculated values from this novel methodology are in good agreement with experimental ones obtained by electrochemical measurements. This approach thus offers a new perspective on the interconnection between electrochemical performance, ionic transport, and the mechanical response of nanostructured block copolymer electrolytes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"667 ","pages":"Article 239236"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238911
Fei Hao , Fan Yang , Zhijiang Su , Huixin Ren , Rashid Khan , Jialing Ye , Min Ling , Yang Dong , Guofeng He , Chunwei Dong , Junli Kong , Guanghong Pan
Silicon monoxide (SiO), a high-capacity anode material, suffers from low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), poor electrical conductivity, and severe volume expansion, which limit its electrochemical performance. To address these challenges, we developed an innovative SiO/LixSiyOz/G@C composite through a multi-faceted modification strategy that incorporates lithium silicate (LixSiyOz), integrates graphene, and applies conformal carbon coating. Notably, we demonstrate that graphene oxide serves a dual function: (1) as a reaction template directing the crystallization of electrochemically active Li2Si2O5 and (2) in constructing a 3D conductive network with pyrolytic carbon. The resultant composite architecture delivered exceptional electrochemical performance, exhibiting an 18 % enhancement in ICE, remarkable rate capability (673 mAh g−1 at 2C – representing a threefold improvement over pristine SiO), and outstanding cycling stability with 97 % capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.5C. The LixSiyOz layer was lithiated in situ on SiO via a thermal reaction with Li2CO3 in the presence of graphene oxide, followed by asphalt-derived carbon coating to further boost conductivity and stability. This study presents a comprehensive and scalable approach for engineering high-performance SiO-based anodes, offering valuable insights into the design of next-generation battery materials.
一氧化硅（SiO）作为一种高容量负极材料，其初始库仑效率（ICE）低、导电性差、体积膨胀严重等缺点限制了其电化学性能。为了应对这些挑战，我们开发了一种创新的SiO/LixSiyOz/G@C复合材料，通过多方面的改性策略，结合了硅酸锂（LixSiyOz），集成了石墨烯，并应用了适形碳涂层。值得注意的是，我们证明了氧化石墨烯具有双重功能：(1)作为反应模板，指导电化学活性Li2Si2O5的结晶；(2)用热解碳构建3D导电网络。由此产生的复合结构具有优异的电化学性能，其ICE增强了18%，倍率性能显著（2C时为673 mAh g - 1，比原始SiO提高了三倍），并且在0.5C下循环200次后具有优异的循环稳定性，97%的容量保持率。在氧化石墨烯的存在下，通过与Li2CO3的热反应，LixSiyOz层在SiO上原位锂化，然后再涂上沥青衍生的碳涂层，以进一步提高导电性和稳定性。本研究为高性能硅基阳极的工程设计提供了一种全面且可扩展的方法，为下一代电池材料的设计提供了有价值的见解。
{"title":"Synergistic multi-component design for high-performance SiO-based composite anodes","authors":"Fei Hao , Fan Yang , Zhijiang Su , Huixin Ren , Rashid Khan , Jialing Ye , Min Ling , Yang Dong , Guofeng He , Chunwei Dong , Junli Kong , Guanghong Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon monoxide (SiO), a high-capacity anode material, suffers from low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), poor electrical conductivity, and severe volume expansion, which limit its electrochemical performance. To address these challenges, we developed an innovative SiO/Li<sub>x</sub>Si<sub>y</sub>O<sub>z</sub>/G@C composite through a multi-faceted modification strategy that incorporates lithium silicate (Li<sub>x</sub>Si<sub>y</sub>O<sub>z</sub>), integrates graphene, and applies conformal carbon coating. Notably, we demonstrate that graphene oxide serves a dual function: (1) as a reaction template directing the crystallization of electrochemically active Li<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and (2) in constructing a 3D conductive network with pyrolytic carbon. The resultant composite architecture delivered exceptional electrochemical performance, exhibiting an 18 % enhancement in ICE, remarkable rate capability (673 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 2C – representing a threefold improvement over pristine SiO), and outstanding cycling stability with 97 % capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.5C. The Li<sub>x</sub>Si<sub>y</sub>O<sub>z</sub> layer was lithiated in situ on SiO via a thermal reaction with Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> in the presence of graphene oxide, followed by asphalt-derived carbon coating to further boost conductivity and stability. This study presents a comprehensive and scalable approach for engineering high-performance SiO-based anodes, offering valuable insights into the design of next-generation battery materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"666 ","pages":"Article 238911"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solid oxide cells (SOCs) are high-temperature electrochemical devices whose performance and durability are strongly influenced by the thermal behavior of their constituent materials. Differences in thermal properties among cell components can induce thermal stresses, leading to uneven temperature distribution and mechanical degradation during long-term operation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the thermal expansion coefficient, thermal diffusivity, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of SOC cathodes, anodes, electrolytes, and interconnects. Emphasis is placed on the roles of oxygen nonstoichiometry, defect chemistry, and thermodynamics in governing these properties under both SOFC and SOEC operating modes which cause quite different changes in the oxygen content in such oxygen nonstoichiometric substances. Moreover, this work identifies strong correlations between the physicochemical factors and the thermal transport behavior, offering a framework for understanding thermal responses.
{"title":"Thermal properties of solid oxide cells and their governing physicochemical factors: a review","authors":"Riyan Achmad Budiman , Keiji Yashiro , Shin-Ichi Hashimoto , Koji Amezawa , Harumi Yokokawa , Tatsuya Kawada","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.239230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.239230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid oxide cells (SOCs) are high-temperature electrochemical devices whose performance and durability are strongly influenced by the thermal behavior of their constituent materials. Differences in thermal properties among cell components can induce thermal stresses, leading to uneven temperature distribution and mechanical degradation during long-term operation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the thermal expansion coefficient, thermal diffusivity, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of SOC cathodes, anodes, electrolytes, and interconnects. Emphasis is placed on the roles of oxygen nonstoichiometry, defect chemistry, and thermodynamics in governing these properties under both SOFC and SOEC operating modes which cause quite different changes in the oxygen content in such oxygen nonstoichiometric substances. Moreover, this work identifies strong correlations between the physicochemical factors and the thermal transport behavior, offering a framework for understanding thermal responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"667 ","pages":"Article 239230"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.239177
Guoshuai Chen , Xujun Li , Zhonghua Dai , Kun Zhang , Yuanyuan Zheng , Chenxi Liu , Shuitao Gu
Antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics are promising materials for dielectric capacitors due to their rapid charge-discharge kinetics, high energy storage density, and excellent chemical stability, making them ideal for high-power-density pulse power devices. However, achieving simultaneous optimization of excellent effective energy storage density (Wrec) and high energy storage efficiency (η) remains a significant challenge. Traditional antiferroelectric systems primarily modify properties by adjusting La-to-Zr or La-to-Sn atomic doping ratios. In contrast, our study pioneers a novel approach by systematically investigating the correlation between Pb/La stoichiometric ratio variations and electrochemical performance characteristics. While the individual effects of La3+ or Sr2+ doping on the properties of PLZST antiferroelectrics have been extensively studied, a critical scientific gap remains in understanding their synergistic mechanisms when used as co-dopants. Specifically, how the interaction between La and Sr precisely modulates the AFE-FE phase transition dynamics and, consequently, the energy storage performance, is still unclear and warrants in-depth investigation. Current antiferroelectric systems predominantly modify their properties by adjusting the doping ratios of La3+ to Zr4+ or Sn4+. However, I have adopted a different approach by investigating the characteristics of performance changes through variations in the Pb/La doping ratio. This study improves energy storage performance by synthesizing ceramics doped with Sr2+, La3+, Sn4+, and Ti4+ with different Pb/La ratios using solid-state sintering. The composition (Pb0.98-3x/2LaxSr0.02) (Zr0.93Sn0.05Ti0.02)O3 (PLZST) was systematically investigated to elucidate the effects of La and Pb content on energy storage density and efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that the PLZST ceramic achieves an energy storage density of 8.7 J/cm3 with 76 % energy storage efficiency under an electric field of 300 kV/cm. These findings therefore establish PLZST ceramics as a viable candidate for ceramic capacitors that simultaneously deliver superior effective energy storage density (Wrec) and high energy storage efficiency (η).
{"title":"Achieving high energy storage performance in PbZrO3-based antiferroelectric ceramics by La doping","authors":"Guoshuai Chen , Xujun Li , Zhonghua Dai , Kun Zhang , Yuanyuan Zheng , Chenxi Liu , Shuitao Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.239177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.239177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics are promising materials for dielectric capacitors due to their rapid charge-discharge kinetics, high energy storage density, and excellent chemical stability, making them ideal for high-power-density pulse power devices. However, achieving simultaneous optimization of excellent effective energy storage density (<em>W</em><sub>rec</sub>) and high energy storage efficiency (<em>η</em>) remains a significant challenge. Traditional antiferroelectric systems primarily modify properties by adjusting La-to-Zr or La-to-Sn atomic doping ratios. In contrast, our study pioneers a novel approach by systematically investigating the correlation between Pb/La stoichiometric ratio variations and electrochemical performance characteristics. While the individual effects of La<sup>3+</sup> or Sr<sup>2+</sup> doping on the properties of PLZST antiferroelectrics have been extensively studied, a critical scientific gap remains in understanding their synergistic mechanisms when used as co-dopants. Specifically, how the interaction between La and Sr precisely modulates the AFE-FE phase transition dynamics and, consequently, the energy storage performance, is still unclear and warrants in-depth investigation. Current antiferroelectric systems predominantly modify their properties by adjusting the doping ratios of La<sup>3+</sup> to Zr<sup>4+</sup> or Sn<sup>4+</sup>. However, I have adopted a different approach by investigating the characteristics of performance changes through variations in the Pb/La doping ratio. This study improves energy storage performance by synthesizing ceramics doped with Sr<sup>2+</sup>, La<sup>3+</sup>, Sn<sup>4+</sup>, and Ti<sup>4+</sup> with different Pb/La ratios using solid-state sintering. The composition (Pb<sub>0.98-3<em>x</em>/2</sub>La<sub><em>x</em></sub>Sr<sub>0.02</sub>) (Zr<sub>0.93</sub>Sn<sub>0.05</sub>Ti<sub>0.02</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> (PLZST) was systematically investigated to elucidate the effects of La and Pb content on energy storage density and efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that the PLZST ceramic achieves an energy storage density of 8.7 J/cm<sup>3</sup> with 76 % energy storage efficiency under an electric field of 300 kV/cm. These findings therefore establish PLZST ceramics as a viable candidate for ceramic capacitors that simultaneously deliver superior effective energy storage density (<em>W</em><sub>rec</sub>) and high energy storage efficiency (<em>η</em>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"667 ","pages":"Article 239177"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.239119
Xiaoyong Teng , Yun Lang , Qian Li , Qingkun Meng , Bin Xiao , Danyang Zhao , Qing Yin , Wenqing Wei , Mesfin A. Kebede , Zakhar I. Popov , Yanwei Sui , Jiqiu Qi
Nickel-rich layered oxides, as high-capacity cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries, face challenges of structural instability and rapid capacity fading during cycling. This work reports the first construction of an amorphous SnO2 nano-coating via an interfacial engineering strategy, achieved on the surface of O3-type NaNi0.4Fe0.3Mn0.3O2 (NFM) by a liquid-phase deposition method, to produce the NFM@SnO2-X (X = 1–7 wt%) materials. Characterization results indicate that the amorphous SnO2 coating not only preserves the crystal structure of the host material but also significantly increases the surface lattice oxygen ratio to 68.2 % (NFM@SnO2-5), thereby suppressing lattice oxygen loss and promoting the oxidation of active Ni2+ to Ni3+. Electrochemically, the optimized NFM@SnO2-5 cathode demonstrates a significantly improved capacity retention of 70.57 % after 100 cycles within a voltage window of 2.0–4.2 V at 0.2C. Mechanistic studies reveal that the SnO2 coating effectively mitigates lattice strain during Na + extraction/insertion, leading to an enhanced Na+ diffusion coefficient from 7.28 × 10−14 cm2 s−1 to 1.97 × 10−12 cm2 s−1 and improved reversibility of the O3↔P3 phase transition. This work provides an effective approach for developing high-performance nickel-rich sodium-ion battery cathodes through interfacial modulation.
{"title":"Amorphous SnO2 coating suppresses lattice oxygen loss and optimizes sodium-ion kinetics for stable O3-Type layered oxide cathodes","authors":"Xiaoyong Teng , Yun Lang , Qian Li , Qingkun Meng , Bin Xiao , Danyang Zhao , Qing Yin , Wenqing Wei , Mesfin A. Kebede , Zakhar I. Popov , Yanwei Sui , Jiqiu Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.239119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.239119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nickel-rich layered oxides, as high-capacity cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries, face challenges of structural instability and rapid capacity fading during cycling. This work reports the first construction of an amorphous SnO<sub>2</sub> nano-coating via an interfacial engineering strategy, achieved on the surface of O3-type NaNi<sub>0</sub>.<sub>4</sub>Fe<sub>0</sub>.<sub>3</sub>Mn<sub>0</sub>.<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NFM) by a liquid-phase deposition method, to produce the NFM@SnO<sub>2</sub>-X (X = 1–7 wt%) materials. Characterization results indicate that the amorphous SnO<sub>2</sub> coating not only preserves the crystal structure of the host material but also significantly increases the surface lattice oxygen ratio to 68.2 % (NFM@SnO<sub>2</sub>-5), thereby suppressing lattice oxygen loss and promoting the oxidation of active Ni<sup>2+</sup> to Ni<sup>3+</sup>. Electrochemically, the optimized NFM@SnO<sub>2</sub>-5 cathode demonstrates a significantly improved capacity retention of 70.57 % after 100 cycles within a voltage window of 2.0–4.2 V at 0.2C. Mechanistic studies reveal that the SnO<sub>2</sub> coating effectively mitigates lattice strain during Na <sup>+</sup> extraction/insertion, leading to an enhanced Na<sup>+</sup> diffusion coefficient from 7.28 × 10<sup>−14</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> to 1.97 × 10<sup>−12</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> and improved reversibility of the O3↔P3 phase transition. This work provides an effective approach for developing high-performance nickel-rich sodium-ion battery cathodes through interfacial modulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"666 ","pages":"Article 239119"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239281
Ankitha Rao , Somashekara Bhat , Shounak De , Ramakrishna Nayak , Adarsh Rag S , Vipin Cyriac
Flexible supercapacitors (FSCs) emerge as promising candidates for powering wearable electronics but encounter limitations in fabrication efficiency, capacitance, and energy density. This study presents a reduced graphene oxide/Multiwalled Carbon nanotube and copper oxide (rGO/MWCNT/CuO) composite ink, combining electric double-layer capacitance (EDLC) from rGO/MWCNT and pseudo capacitance (PC) from CuO, to enhance FSC performance. rGO is synthesized from Kish graphite, a steel industry waste, offering a sustainable material source. The FSCs demonstrate an outstanding areal capacitance of 324.2 mF cm−2 (at 0.1 mA cm−2) and an energy density of 35.6 μWh cm−2 at a power density of 0.04 mW cm−2. Moreover, the rGO/MWCNT/CuO-based FSC exhibits excellent cycling stability, retaining its performance without noticeable degradation for 3000 charge–discharge cycles.
柔性超级电容器（FSCs）是为可穿戴电子设备供电的有前途的候选者，但在制造效率、电容和能量密度方面受到限制。本研究提出了一种还原氧化石墨烯/多壁碳纳米管和氧化铜（rGO/MWCNT/CuO）复合油墨，结合rGO/MWCNT的双层电容量（EDLC）和CuO的伪电容（PC），以提高FSC性能。氧化石墨烯是由钢铁工业废料基什石墨合成的，提供了一种可持续的材料来源。在0.1 mA cm−2时，FSCs的面电容为324.2 mF cm−2，在0.04 mW cm−2的功率密度下，能量密度为35.6 μWh cm−2。此外，rGO/MWCNT/ cuo基FSC表现出优异的循环稳定性，在3000次充放电循环中保持其性能而没有明显下降。
{"title":"Sustainable ternary conductive inks incorporating reduced graphene oxide derived from steel industry waste for screen-printed flexible supercapacitors","authors":"Ankitha Rao , Somashekara Bhat , Shounak De , Ramakrishna Nayak , Adarsh Rag S , Vipin Cyriac","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible supercapacitors (FSCs) emerge as promising candidates for powering wearable electronics but encounter limitations in fabrication efficiency, capacitance, and energy density. This study presents a reduced graphene oxide/Multiwalled Carbon nanotube and copper oxide (rGO/MWCNT/CuO) composite ink, combining electric double-layer capacitance (EDLC) from rGO/MWCNT and pseudo capacitance (PC) from CuO, to enhance FSC performance. rGO is synthesized from Kish graphite, a steel industry waste, offering a sustainable material source. The FSCs demonstrate an outstanding areal capacitance of 324.2 mF cm<sup>−2</sup> (at 0.1 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>) and an energy density of 35.6 μWh cm<sup>−2</sup> at a power density of 0.04 mW cm<sup>−2</sup>. Moreover, the rGO/MWCNT/CuO-based FSC exhibits excellent cycling stability, retaining its performance without noticeable degradation for 3000 charge–discharge cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"667 ","pages":"Article 239281"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239269
Yan Wang , Hanbo Wang , Dongyu Zhu , Yahui Xu , Ziming Wang , Yiduo Li , Yumei Tian , Haiyan Lu
The practical application of carbon and its analogues has been impeded by their high cost and the complexity of preparation methods, thereby driving significant interest in identifying cost-effective alternatives for future energy storage applications. Biomass-derived carbon has emerged as promising substitutes for graphene in energy storage devices. However, enhancing their specific surface area and electrochemical performance remains a considerable challenge. We developed a novel approach by utilizing thiourea and sodium hypophosphite as activators and co-dopants to synthesize sulfur and phosphorus co-doped porous carbon derived from biomass waste. This strategy effectively facilitated pore structure rearrangement and introduced a synergistic combination of non-metallic dopants, significantly improving the electrochemical performance for supercapacitors by adjusting the ratio of co-dopants. The resulting sample exhibited a hierarchical porous structure with superior specific surface area (2691.85 m2 g−1) and abundant micropores, endowing a high capacitance (323.5 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and a superb cycling stability (100.37 % after 10,000 cycles). Furthermore, the assembled button-type supercapacitors yielded a remarkable energy density of 31.8 Wh kg−1 coupled with outstanding cyclic stability, retaining approximately 92.17 % after 25,000 cycles. These promising results exemplified a sustainable and cost-effective approach to design electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors with extended cycle life.
碳及其类似物的实际应用受到其高成本和制备方法的复杂性的阻碍，因此对确定未来储能应用的成本效益替代品产生了极大的兴趣。生物质衍生的碳已经成为石墨烯在储能设备中有前途的替代品。然而，提高它们的比表面积和电化学性能仍然是一个相当大的挑战。研究了以硫脲和次亚磷酸钠为活化剂和助掺杂剂合成生物质废弃物中硫磷共掺杂多孔碳的新方法。该策略有效地促进了孔隙结构的重排，并引入了非金属掺杂剂的协同组合，通过调节共掺杂剂的比例，显著提高了超级电容器的电化学性能。所得样品具有分层多孔结构，具有优越的比表面积（2691.85 m2 g−1）和丰富的微孔，具有高电容（在1 a g−1时为323.5 F g−1）和极好的循环稳定性（10,000次循环后为100.37%）。此外，组装的纽扣式超级电容器产生了31.8 Wh kg−1的显著能量密度，并具有出色的循环稳定性，在25000次循环后保持约92.17%。这些有希望的结果为设计具有延长循环寿命的高性能超级电容器的电极材料提供了可持续和经济的方法。
{"title":"Micropore-dominant S, P co-doped carbon derived from biomass waste with rearranged pore structure for enhanced cycling stability supercapacitors","authors":"Yan Wang , Hanbo Wang , Dongyu Zhu , Yahui Xu , Ziming Wang , Yiduo Li , Yumei Tian , Haiyan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The practical application of carbon and its analogues has been impeded by their high cost and the complexity of preparation methods, thereby driving significant interest in identifying cost-effective alternatives for future energy storage applications. Biomass-derived carbon has emerged as promising substitutes for graphene in energy storage devices. However, enhancing their specific surface area and electrochemical performance remains a considerable challenge. We developed a novel approach by utilizing thiourea and sodium hypophosphite as activators and co-dopants to synthesize sulfur and phosphorus co-doped porous carbon derived from biomass waste. This strategy effectively facilitated pore structure rearrangement and introduced a synergistic combination of non-metallic dopants, significantly improving the electrochemical performance for supercapacitors by adjusting the ratio of co-dopants. The resulting sample exhibited a hierarchical porous structure with superior specific surface area (2691.85 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>) and abundant micropores, endowing a high capacitance (323.5 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>) and a superb cycling stability (100.37 % after 10,000 cycles). Furthermore, the assembled button-type supercapacitors yielded a remarkable energy density of 31.8 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> coupled with outstanding cyclic stability, retaining approximately 92.17 % after 25,000 cycles. These promising results exemplified a sustainable and cost-effective approach to design electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors with extended cycle life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"667 ","pages":"Article 239269"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The proliferation of portable and wearable electronics necessitates flexible, high-performance energy storage devices. Flexible supercapacitors are poised to meet these demands due to their high power density, flexibility, and durability but scalable fabrication remains challenging due to costly and complex manufacturing methods. This study addresses this issue by implementing scalable, cost-effective spray coating and screen printing techniques to fabricate flexible micro-interdigitated supercapacitors (FMIS) based on Polyaniline (PANI) composites with carbon nanomaterials, using organic acids as crosslinking agents synthesized via hydrogel strategy. The formation of PANI emeraldine salt was verified through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, indicating key amine and imine functionalities, while scanning electron microscopy revealed surface morphologies with enhanced active surface areas beneficial for charge storage. Advanced 3D tomography maps porosity distribution and surface area per unit volume, correlating with electroactive areas calculated from the Randles–Sevcik equation. Electrochemical testing via cyclic voltammetry demonstrates an impressive areal capacitance of at with Dunn’s method distinguishing capacitive from diffusive contributions. Furthermore, EIS measurements highlight lower solution resistance in screen-printed devices, emphasizing the advantages of optimized electrode morphology for efficient charge transport. This study establishes a scalable approach for high-performance flexible supercapacitors, paving the way for next-generation energy storage solutions.
{"title":"Enhanced electrochemical performance of flexible polymer supercapacitors through optimization of organic acid-doping, carbon nanomaterials, and fabrication techniques","authors":"Parul , Racherla Bhagya Lakshmi , Vivek Utturkar , Varun Natu , Shanmukha Kiran Aramanda , Praveen C. Ramamurthy , Fiyanshu Kaka","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.239042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.239042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The proliferation of portable and wearable electronics necessitates flexible, high-performance energy storage devices. Flexible supercapacitors are poised to meet these demands due to their high power density, flexibility, and durability but scalable fabrication remains challenging due to costly and complex manufacturing methods. This study addresses this issue by implementing scalable, cost-effective spray coating and screen printing techniques to fabricate flexible micro-interdigitated supercapacitors (FMIS) based on Polyaniline (PANI) composites with carbon nanomaterials, using organic acids as crosslinking agents synthesized via hydrogel strategy. The formation of PANI emeraldine salt was verified through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, indicating key amine and imine functionalities, while scanning electron microscopy revealed surface morphologies with enhanced active surface areas beneficial for charge storage. Advanced 3D tomography maps porosity distribution and surface area per unit volume, correlating with electroactive areas calculated from the Randles–Sevcik equation. Electrochemical testing via cyclic voltammetry demonstrates an impressive areal capacitance of <span><math><mrow><mn>173</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>6</mn><mspace></mspace><mstyle><mi>m</mi><mi>F</mi></mstyle><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mstyle><mi>c</mi><mi>m</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> at <span><math><mrow><mn>10</mn><mspace></mspace><mstyle><mi>m</mi><mi>V</mi></mstyle><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mstyle><mi>s</mi></mstyle></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> with Dunn’s method distinguishing capacitive from diffusive contributions. Furthermore, EIS measurements highlight lower solution resistance in screen-printed devices, emphasizing the advantages of optimized electrode morphology for efficient charge transport. This study establishes a scalable approach for high-performance flexible supercapacitors, paving the way for next-generation energy storage solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"666 ","pages":"Article 239042"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The extract from the petals of the Mirabilis Jalapa flower is used as the natural sensitizer for the preparation of dye-sensitized solar cells. The extract contains flavonoids, which exhibit excellent charge transfer properties favorable for solar cell applications. The photo absorbance and photoluminescence are studied to understand the absorbance and the charge generation-recombination dynamics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is performed to identify the presence of organic and inorganic compounds in the dye. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of dye-sensitized solar cells fabricated using the Mirabilis Jalapa extract, achieving a notable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.61 % and maintaining stability for up to 250 h. Moreover, the transient photoluminescence study is conducted to analyze the decay trend of the excited electrons with respect to time and the carrier phenomena. Theoretical studies unfold the in-depth carrier electrochemical phenomena occurring at the photoactive layer–dye interface during the process. Quantum chemical calculations reveal that compounds such as Miraxanthins I–IV and Vulgaxanthin in the Mirabilis Jalapa flower extract contribute significantly to the photovoltaic conversion process, with theoretical PCE values in the range of 13.9 %–20.8 %. These results highlight the potential of natural, non-edible dye sources as a sustainable pathway for advancing efficient and environmentally friendly solar energy technologies.
{"title":"Harnessing natural dyes from Mirabilis Jalapa flower for dye-sensitized solar cells: A combined experimental and theoretical approach","authors":"Prashant Kumar , Anshu Kumar , Ayushi Pareek , Enamul Haque , Anik Sen , Basudev Pradhan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.239237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.239237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extract from the petals of the <em>Mirabilis Jalapa</em> flower is used as the natural sensitizer for the preparation of dye-sensitized solar cells. The extract contains flavonoids, which exhibit excellent charge transfer properties favorable for solar cell applications. The photo absorbance and photoluminescence are studied to understand the absorbance and the charge generation-recombination dynamics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is performed to identify the presence of organic and inorganic compounds in the dye. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of dye-sensitized solar cells fabricated using the <em>Mirabilis Jalapa</em> extract, achieving a notable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.61 % and maintaining stability for up to 250 h. Moreover, the transient photoluminescence study is conducted to analyze the decay trend of the excited electrons with respect to time and the carrier phenomena. Theoretical studies unfold the in-depth carrier electrochemical phenomena occurring at the photoactive layer–dye interface during the process. Quantum chemical calculations reveal that compounds such as Miraxanthins I–IV and Vulgaxanthin in the <em>Mirabilis Jalapa</em> flower extract contribute significantly to the photovoltaic conversion process, with theoretical PCE values in the range of 13.9 %–20.8 %. These results highlight the potential of natural, non-edible dye sources as a sustainable pathway for advancing efficient and environmentally friendly solar energy technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"667 ","pages":"Article 239237"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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