Journal of Power Sources最新文献_第7页

Recent advances and future prospects for PVDF-based solid polymer electrolytes 基于 PVDF 的固体聚合物电解质的最新进展和未来展望

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235855

Pan Li , Yuanyuan Huang , Yuran Yu, Xiaowen Ma, Zhuo Wang, Guosheng Shao

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has emerged as a promising material for solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) because of its good chemical stability, moderate mechanical strength, and wide electrochemical window. However, PVDF-based SPEs still face persistent challenges that hinder their widespread application. For example, its ionic conductivity is relatively low. And, its mechanical properties also need to be further improved. Additionally, there are still interfacial issues between PVDF-based electrolytes and high-voltage positive electrodes or lithium metal anode electrodes. Various strategies in this review to enhance ionic conductivity and promote lithium-ion transportation within the electrolyte matrix are highlighted. Furthermore, this review also summarized recent advancements in improving the interfacial compatibility between PVDF-based SPEs and electrode materials. This is crucial for reducing interfacial side reactions and boosting the overall electrochemical performance of solid-state batteries. Lastly, challenges and future perspectives in the development of PVDF-based SPEs are also outlined. The recent advances in PVDF-based SPEs offer great potential for the development of safe and high-performance solid-state batteries. The understanding gained from this review will facilitate the design and fabrication of advanced energy storage devices.

聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）具有良好的化学稳定性、适中的机械强度和宽广的电化学窗口，因此已成为一种前景广阔的固态聚合物电解质（SPE）材料。然而，基于 PVDF 的固态聚合物电解质仍然面临着阻碍其广泛应用的持续挑战。例如，其离子导电率相对较低。此外，其机械性能也有待进一步提高。此外，PVDF 基电解质与高压正极或锂金属阳极电极之间仍存在界面问题。本综述重点介绍了在电解质基质中增强离子传导性和促进锂离子传输的各种策略。此外，本综述还总结了在改善基于 PVDF 的固相萃取剂和电极材料之间的界面兼容性方面的最新进展。这对于减少界面副反应和提高固态电池的整体电化学性能至关重要。最后，还概述了开发基于 PVDF 的固相萃取剂所面临的挑战和未来展望。基于 PVDF 的固相萃取剂的最新进展为开发安全、高性能的固态电池提供了巨大潜力。从本综述中获得的知识将有助于设计和制造先进的储能设备。

{"title":"Recent advances and future prospects for PVDF-based solid polymer electrolytes","authors":"Pan Li , Yuanyuan Huang , Yuran Yu, Xiaowen Ma, Zhuo Wang, Guosheng Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has emerged as a promising material for solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) because of its good chemical stability, moderate mechanical strength, and wide electrochemical window. However, PVDF-based SPEs still face persistent challenges that hinder their widespread application. For example, its ionic conductivity is relatively low. And, its mechanical properties also need to be further improved. Additionally, there are still interfacial issues between PVDF-based electrolytes and high-voltage positive electrodes or lithium metal anode electrodes. Various strategies in this review to enhance ionic conductivity and promote lithium-ion transportation within the electrolyte matrix are highlighted. Furthermore, this review also summarized recent advancements in improving the interfacial compatibility between PVDF-based SPEs and electrode materials. This is crucial for reducing interfacial side reactions and boosting the overall electrochemical performance of solid-state batteries. Lastly, challenges and future perspectives in the development of PVDF-based SPEs are also outlined. The recent advances in PVDF-based SPEs offer great potential for the development of safe and high-performance solid-state batteries. The understanding gained from this review will facilitate the design and fabrication of advanced energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"628 ","pages":"Article 235855"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental operating characteristic of a 30-cell tubular segmented-in-series solid oxide fuel cell 30 芯管式分段串联固体氧化物燃料电池的实验运行特性

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235896

Shaodong Sun , Yapeng Sima , Ziyang Chen , Xin Zhang , Yanneng Liang , Yue Dai , Qingxue Liu , Weicheng Feng , Linlin Zhao , Chenyang Wen , Wangmin Li , Jiutao Gao , Yuan Gao , Zhilong He , Chengxin Li

Evaluating the operating characteristics of tubular segmented-in-series(SIS) solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) holds significant guiding value for designing, preparing, integrating, and operating tubular cells and stacks. This study examines a 30-cell tubular SIS SOFC and assesses the distribution of its physical parameters, such as axial voltage and temperature. As well as the operating characteristics under sensitive disturbances such as current, airflow, anode inert gas flow (N₂), anode inlet temperature(T_ain), cathode inlet temperature(T_cin), and hydrogen flow, and proposes a characterization equation for the cell average surface temperature(T_avercs). The results indicate heterogeneity in the axial electrochemical reactions of tubular SIS SOFC and the reaction intensity, voltage, and temperature, decrease along the direction of the fuel flow.

评估管式串联（SIS）固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）的运行特性对管式电池和电池堆的设计、准备、集成和运行具有重要的指导意义。本研究考察了 30 芯管式 SIS SOFC，并评估了其物理参数的分布，如轴向电压和温度。以及在电流、气流、阳极惰性气体流量（N2）、阳极入口温度（Tain）、阴极入口温度（Tcin）和氢气流量等敏感干扰下的运行特性，并提出了电池平均表面温度（Tavercs）的表征方程。结果表明，管式 SIS SOFC 的轴向电化学反应具有异质性，反应强度、电压和温度沿燃料流方向降低。

{"title":"Experimental operating characteristic of a 30-cell tubular segmented-in-series solid oxide fuel cell","authors":"Shaodong Sun , Yapeng Sima , Ziyang Chen , Xin Zhang , Yanneng Liang , Yue Dai , Qingxue Liu , Weicheng Feng , Linlin Zhao , Chenyang Wen , Wangmin Li , Jiutao Gao , Yuan Gao , Zhilong He , Chengxin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evaluating the operating characteristics of tubular segmented-in-series(SIS) solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) holds significant guiding value for designing, preparing, integrating, and operating tubular cells and stacks. This study examines a 30-cell tubular SIS SOFC and assesses the distribution of its physical parameters, such as axial voltage and temperature. As well as the operating characteristics under sensitive disturbances such as current, airflow, anode inert gas flow (N<sub>2</sub>), anode inlet temperature(<em>T</em><sub>ain</sub>), cathode inlet temperature(<em>T</em><sub>cin</sub>), and hydrogen flow, and proposes a characterization equation for the cell average surface temperature(<em>T</em><sub>avercs</sub>). The results indicate heterogeneity in the axial electrochemical reactions of tubular SIS SOFC and the reaction intensity, voltage, and temperature, decrease along the direction of the fuel flow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"628 ","pages":"Article 235896"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Back interface engineering by designing core–shell structured mesoporous carbon spheres counter electrode in thin–film solar cells 通过设计薄膜太阳能电池中的核壳结构介孔碳球反电极实现背界面工程

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235877

Chang Xu, Yujie Gao, Tiansen Li, Jianing Guo, Mingxing Wu

Exploration of economical and highly effective counter electrodes is crucial for both fundamental research into and the commercial application of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a new type of core–shell structured mesoporous carbon spheres (Ag@MCSs) was meticulously designed and synthesized as a low-cost counter electrode to optimize back interface. The tailored mesoporous core–shell structure and metal nanoparticle core can optimize the energy level alignment and improve the conductivity of the counter electrode. These improvements facilitate charge carrier extraction and transport processes and inhibit recombination at the back interface of the counter electrode/perovskite. The hole transport layer–free PSCs using Ag@MCSs counter electrode obtains a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.36 %, surpassing the parallel PSCs based on smooth surface carbon spheres (SSCSs) and micro/mesoporous carbon spheres (MMCSs) counter electrodes. Additionally, Ag@MCSs provide numerous catalytically active sites, smooth mass transfer channels, and improved conductivity, resulting in superior catalytic activity for iodide redox couple regeneration in DSCs, generating a high PCE of 8.25 %. This study is expected to offer a feasible pathway for exploring cheap counter electrodes and back interface engineering to accelerate mass and carrier transport processes in the back interface of PSCs and DSCs.

探索经济、高效的对电极对于染料敏化太阳能电池（DSC）和过氧化物太阳能电池（PSC）的基础研究和商业应用都至关重要。在此，我们精心设计并合成了一种新型核壳结构介孔碳球（Ag@MCSs），作为优化背面界面的低成本对电极。量身定制的介孔核壳结构和金属纳米粒子核心可以优化能级排列，提高对电极的电导率。这些改进促进了电荷载流子萃取和传输过程，并抑制了对电极/过氧化物背面界面的重组。使用 Ag@MCSs 对电极的无空穴传输层 PSCs 的功率转换效率（PCE）为 12.36%，超过了基于光滑表面碳球（SSCSs）和微/介孔碳球（MMCSs）对电极的平行 PSCs。此外，Ag@MCS 还提供了大量催化活性位点、顺畅的传质通道和更高的电导率，从而使 DSC 中碘氧化还原耦合再生具有更优越的催化活性，产生高达 8.25% 的 PCE。这项研究有望为探索廉价对电极和背界面工程提供一条可行的途径，从而加速 PSC 和 DSC 背界面的质量和载流子传输过程。

{"title":"Back interface engineering by designing core–shell structured mesoporous carbon spheres counter electrode in thin–film solar cells","authors":"Chang Xu, Yujie Gao, Tiansen Li, Jianing Guo, Mingxing Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploration of economical and highly effective counter electrodes is crucial for both fundamental research into and the commercial application of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a new type of core–shell structured mesoporous carbon spheres (Ag@MCSs) was meticulously designed and synthesized as a low-cost counter electrode to optimize back interface. The tailored mesoporous core–shell structure and metal nanoparticle core can optimize the energy level alignment and improve the conductivity of the counter electrode. These improvements facilitate charge carrier extraction and transport processes and inhibit recombination at the back interface of the counter electrode/perovskite. The hole transport layer–free PSCs using Ag@MCSs counter electrode obtains a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.36 %, surpassing the parallel PSCs based on smooth surface carbon spheres (SSCSs) and micro/mesoporous carbon spheres (MMCSs) counter electrodes. Additionally, Ag@MCSs provide numerous catalytically active sites, smooth mass transfer channels, and improved conductivity, resulting in superior catalytic activity for iodide redox couple regeneration in DSCs, generating a high PCE of 8.25 %. This study is expected to offer a feasible pathway for exploring cheap counter electrodes and back interface engineering to accelerate mass and carrier transport processes in the back interface of PSCs and DSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"628 ","pages":"Article 235877"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying electrochemical processes by distribution of relaxation times in proton exchange membrane electrolyzers 通过质子交换膜电解槽中弛豫时间的分布识别电化学过程

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235850

Ai-Lin Chan , Haoran Yu , Kimberly S. Reeves , Shaun M. Alia

Distribution of relaxation time (DRT) is used to interpret electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers, with an attempt to separate overlapped relaxation processes in Nyquist plots. By varying operating conditions and catalyst loadings, four main relaxation peaks arising from EIS can be identified and successfully separated from low to high frequencies as (P1) mass transport, (P2) oxygen evolution reaction kinetics, (P3) reaction kinetics (with faster time constant than P2), and (P4) ionic transport. The shape, height, and frequency of the DRT peaks change with different membrane electrode assembly (MEA) configurations. Electron microscopy reveals distinct features from the cross-sectioned MEAs which verify critical DRT results in that increasing the iridium (Ir)-anode loading from 0.2 mg_Ir/cm² to 1.5 mg_Ir/cm² reduces kinetic losses due to higher site-access; a thick and compacted anode, however, also triggers higher ohmic resistances from membrane/catalyst layer hydration and increases transport losses due to longer ionomer pathways. DRT provides higher resolution to EIS for deconvoluting processes with different relaxation times and the quantification of DRT peaks improves the accounting of total losses from each process.

弛豫时间分布（DRT）用于解释质子交换膜（PEM）水电解槽的电化学阻抗光谱（EIS），试图在奈奎斯特图中分离重叠的弛豫过程。通过改变操作条件和催化剂负载，可以确定 EIS 产生的四个主要弛豫峰，并成功地将其从低频到高频分离为 (P1) 质量传输、(P2) 氧进化反应动力学、(P3) 反应动力学（时间常数比 P2 快）和 (P4) 离子传输。DRT 峰的形状、高度和频率随不同的膜电极组件（MEA）配置而变化。电子显微镜显示了横截面 MEA 的明显特征，这些特征验证了 DRT 的关键结果，即铱 (Ir) 阳极负载从 0.2 mgIr/cm2 增加到 1.5 mgIr/cm2，会因更高的位点访问量而减少动力学损失；但是，厚而紧凑的阳极也会因膜/催化剂层水化而引发更高的欧姆电阻，并因更长的离子聚合物路径而增加传输损失。DRT 比 EIS 具有更高的分辨率，可用于分解具有不同弛豫时间的过程，而且 DRT 峰值的量化可改进对每个过程总损失的计算。

{"title":"Identifying electrochemical processes by distribution of relaxation times in proton exchange membrane electrolyzers","authors":"Ai-Lin Chan , Haoran Yu , Kimberly S. Reeves , Shaun M. Alia","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distribution of relaxation time (DRT) is used to interpret electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers, with an attempt to separate overlapped relaxation processes in Nyquist plots. By varying operating conditions and catalyst loadings, four main relaxation peaks arising from EIS can be identified and successfully separated from low to high frequencies as (P1) mass transport, (P2) oxygen evolution reaction kinetics, (P3) reaction kinetics (with faster time constant than P2), and (P4) ionic transport. The shape, height, and frequency of the DRT peaks change with different membrane electrode assembly (MEA) configurations. Electron microscopy reveals distinct features from the cross-sectioned MEAs which verify critical DRT results in that increasing the iridium (Ir)-anode loading from 0.2 mg<sub>Ir</sub>/cm<sup>2</sup> to 1.5 mg<sub>Ir</sub>/cm<sup>2</sup> reduces kinetic losses due to higher site-access; a thick and compacted anode, however, also triggers higher ohmic resistances from membrane/catalyst layer hydration and increases transport losses due to longer ionomer pathways. DRT provides higher resolution to EIS for deconvoluting processes with different relaxation times and the quantification of DRT peaks improves the accounting of total losses from each process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"628 ","pages":"Article 235850"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Co doped V2O5 hollow microsphere as high-performance cathode for aqueous zinc-ion battery 掺钴 V2O5 空心微球作为水性锌离子电池的高性能阴极

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235895

Qijian Li , Ningning Yu , Linwen Li , Bo Sun , Xiaowen Chen , Fuxiang Wei , Qingliang Wang , Yanwei Sui , Jie He , ZunYang Zhang

V₂O₅ is widely used as a cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity, diverse valence states and high electrochemical activity. However, the inherent issues of poor cycle stability and low conductivity limit its further application. In this study, vanadium-based metal organic frameworks (V-MOFs) are used as templates to synthesize Co-doped V₂O₅ with porous spherical structure by hydrothermal and calcination methods. The construction of the hollow structure promotes the diffusion of the electrolyte, alleviates the volume expansion of the electrode during the cycling process, and effectively enhances the electrochemical stability. Co doping can efficiently stabilize V-O bonds and suppress the dissolution of vanadium. The results show that the material exhibits excellent performance, delivering a capacity of 437 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.2A g⁻¹. After 1400 cycles at 5A g⁻¹, the capacitance of the material remain at 87.5 %, and possess the lowest charge transfer resistance (184Ω), indicating that doping Co can effectively enhance conductivity and stabilize the crystal structure, thereby improving electrochemical stability. This research pioneers a new approach toward generating better cathode materials for AZIBs.

V2O5 具有理论容量高、价态多样和电化学活性高等特点，被广泛用作锌离子水电池（AZIB）的阴极材料。然而，循环稳定性差和电导率低等固有问题限制了它的进一步应用。本研究以钒基金属有机框架（V-MOFs）为模板，通过水热法和煅烧法合成了掺钴的多孔球形结构 V2O5。中空结构的构建促进了电解质的扩散，缓解了电极在循环过程中的体积膨胀，有效提高了电化学稳定性。Co 掺杂能有效稳定 V-O 键，抑制钒的溶解。研究结果表明，该材料表现出卓越的性能，在 0.2A g-1 条件下可提供 437 mAh g-1 的容量。在 5A g-1 下循环 1400 次后，该材料的电容保持在 87.5%，并具有最低的电荷转移电阻（184Ω），这表明掺杂 Co 能有效提高导电性并稳定晶体结构，从而提高电化学稳定性。这项研究为生产更好的 AZIB 阴极材料开辟了一条新途径。

{"title":"Co doped V2O5 hollow microsphere as high-performance cathode for aqueous zinc-ion battery","authors":"Qijian Li , Ningning Yu , Linwen Li , Bo Sun , Xiaowen Chen , Fuxiang Wei , Qingliang Wang , Yanwei Sui , Jie He , ZunYang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> is widely used as a cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity, diverse valence states and high electrochemical activity. However, the inherent issues of poor cycle stability and low conductivity limit its further application. In this study, vanadium-based metal organic frameworks (V-MOFs) are used as templates to synthesize Co-doped V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> with porous spherical structure by hydrothermal and calcination methods. The construction of the hollow structure promotes the diffusion of the electrolyte, alleviates the volume expansion of the electrode during the cycling process, and effectively enhances the electrochemical stability. Co doping can efficiently stabilize V-O bonds and suppress the dissolution of vanadium. The results show that the material exhibits excellent performance, delivering a capacity of 437 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.2A g<sup>−1</sup>. After 1400 cycles at 5A g<sup>−1</sup>, the capacitance of the material remain at 87.5 %, and possess the lowest charge transfer resistance (184Ω), indicating that doping Co can effectively enhance conductivity and stabilize the crystal structure, thereby improving electrochemical stability. This research pioneers a new approach toward generating better cathode materials for AZIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"628 ","pages":"Article 235895"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-performance supercapacitors based on nonfunctionalized MXenes 基于非功能化 MXenes 的高性能超级电容器

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235894

Ibrahim W. Lisheshar, Sina Rouhi, Feridun Ay, Nihan Kosku Perkgöz

MXenes are a group of two-dimensional materials that have attracted significant research interest worldwide due to their intriguing electrochemical characteristics for use in energy storage applications. However, the conductivity of MXenes and their performance as supercapacitor electrodes can be hindered by surface terminations. This study investigates the capability of non-functionalized MXenes, synthesized via chemical vapor deposition for use as supercapacitor electrodes, presenting a novel approach that explores the potential of these materials in energy storage applications. The synthesized MXenes are used to create supercapacitor electrodes, which are subjected to detailed analysis. The specific areal capacitance (SAC) of these electrodes (48.6 nm thick) is found to be 39.5 mFcm⁻² at a scan rate of 2 mVs⁻¹, equivalent to 928.4 Fg^-1. Further investigation using galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) analysis reveals an initial specific gravimetric capacitance (SGC) of 442.6 Fg^-1 at a current density of 0.5 Ag^-1, which progressively decreases to 13.4 Fg^-1 at 10 Ag^-1. Remarkably, the MXene supercapacitors exhibit excellent stability over 10,000 charge-discharge cycles, retaining 85 % of their initial capacitance. These findings contribute to our understanding of MXene-based energy storage devices and pave the way for practical applications in high-performance supercapacitors.

二氧杂环烯是一组二维材料，由于其在储能应用中具有引人入胜的电化学特性，在全球范围内引起了极大的研究兴趣。然而，MXenes 的导电性及其作为超级电容器电极的性能可能会受到表面端接的阻碍。本研究调查了通过化学气相沉积合成的非官能化 MXenes 用作超级电容器电极的能力，提出了一种探索这些材料在储能应用中的潜力的新方法。合成的 MXenes 用于制造超级电容器电极，并对其进行了详细分析。在 2 mVs-1 的扫描速率下，这些电极（48.6 nm 厚）的比面积电容 (SAC) 为 39.5 mFcm-2，相当于 928.4 Fg-1。利用电静态充放电（GCD）分析进行的进一步研究表明，在电流密度为 0.5 Ag-1 时，初始比重力电容（SGC）为 442.6 Fg-1，在 10 Ag-1 时逐渐减小到 13.4 Fg-1。值得注意的是，MXene 超级电容器在 10,000 次充放电循环中表现出卓越的稳定性，保留了 85% 的初始电容。这些发现有助于我们了解基于 MXene 的储能设备，并为高性能超级电容器的实际应用铺平了道路。

{"title":"High-performance supercapacitors based on nonfunctionalized MXenes","authors":"Ibrahim W. Lisheshar, Sina Rouhi, Feridun Ay, Nihan Kosku Perkgöz","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MXenes are a group of two-dimensional materials that have attracted significant research interest worldwide due to their intriguing electrochemical characteristics for use in energy storage applications. However, the conductivity of MXenes and their performance as supercapacitor electrodes can be hindered by surface terminations. This study investigates the capability of non-functionalized MXenes, synthesized via chemical vapor deposition for use as supercapacitor electrodes, presenting a novel approach that explores the potential of these materials in energy storage applications. The synthesized MXenes are used to create supercapacitor electrodes, which are subjected to detailed analysis. The specific areal capacitance (SAC) of these electrodes (48.6 nm thick) is found to be 39.5 mFcm<sup>−2</sup> at a scan rate of 2 mVs<sup>−1</sup>, equivalent to 928.4 Fg<sup>-1</sup>. Further investigation using galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) analysis reveals an initial specific gravimetric capacitance (SGC) of 442.6 Fg<sup>-1</sup> at a current density of 0.5 Ag<sup>-1</sup>, which progressively decreases to 13.4 Fg<sup>-1</sup> at 10 Ag<sup>-1</sup>. Remarkably, the MXene supercapacitors exhibit excellent stability over 10,000 charge-discharge cycles, retaining 85 % of their initial capacitance. These findings contribute to our understanding of MXene-based energy storage devices and pave the way for practical applications in high-performance supercapacitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"628 ","pages":"Article 235894"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of electrode crack dimensions on the durability of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells 电极裂纹尺寸对聚合物电解质膜燃料电池耐久性的影响

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235884

Audrey K. Taylor , Carlos M. Baez-Cotto , Leiming Hu , Colby Smith , Alejandra Rodriguez-Nazario , James L. Young , Scott A. Mauger , K.C. Neyerlin

Electrode cracks in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are correlated with early onset failures. In this work we investigate the influence of cracked gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) on the durability of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) using a combined chemical-mechanical accelerated stress test (AST). Electrode crack dimensions were systematically tuned using ink formulations and material selection strategies. A parameter to describe the crack width areal density (Φ_CW) was used to quantify the degree of discontinuity in the electrode surfaces. Open circuit voltage (OCV) transient analyses were used to benchmark and characterize the failure mechanisms in the MEAs as a function of the Φ_CW. While smaller electrode-level cracks, on the order of microns, yielded a 28 % decrease in operating lifetime, larger cracks that propagated from a discontinuous, microporous layer (MPL) coating, decreased the operating lifetime by 56 %. This work emphasizes the need for material processing strategies that consider defect tolerances to limit membrane failures in PEMFCs.

聚合物电解质膜燃料电池（PEMFC）中的电极裂纹与早期故障有关。在这项工作中，我们使用化学机械加速应力测试 (AST) 来研究气体扩散电极 (GDE) 裂纹对膜电极组件 (MEA) 耐用性的影响。利用油墨配方和材料选择策略系统地调整了电极裂缝尺寸。用一个参数来描述裂纹宽度均密度 (ΦCW)，以量化电极表面的不连续程度。开路电压（OCV）瞬态分析用于确定 MEA 的失效机制，并描述其与ΦCW 的函数关系。较小的电极级裂纹（微米级）使工作寿命缩短了 28%，而从不连续性微孔层 (MPL) 涂层扩展的较大裂纹则使工作寿命缩短了 56%。这项工作强调，需要考虑缺陷公差的材料加工策略，以限制 PEMFC 中的膜故障。

{"title":"The influence of electrode crack dimensions on the durability of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells","authors":"Audrey K. Taylor , Carlos M. Baez-Cotto , Leiming Hu , Colby Smith , Alejandra Rodriguez-Nazario , James L. Young , Scott A. Mauger , K.C. Neyerlin","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrode cracks in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are correlated with early onset failures. In this work we investigate the influence of cracked gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) on the durability of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) using a combined chemical-mechanical accelerated stress test (AST). Electrode crack dimensions were systematically tuned using ink formulations and material selection strategies. A parameter to describe the crack width areal density (Φ<sub>CW</sub>) was used to quantify the degree of discontinuity in the electrode surfaces. Open circuit voltage (OCV) transient analyses were used to benchmark and characterize the failure mechanisms in the MEAs as a function of the Φ<sub>CW</sub>. While smaller electrode-level cracks, on the order of microns, yielded a 28 % decrease in operating lifetime, larger cracks that propagated from a discontinuous, microporous layer (MPL) coating, decreased the operating lifetime by 56 %. This work emphasizes the need for material processing strategies that consider defect tolerances to limit membrane failures in PEMFCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"628 ","pages":"Article 235884"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrasonic Spray Coating for the manufacturing of a selective layer for flow batteries: From the analysis of ink composition to component scale-up 用于制造液流电池选择性层的超声波喷涂：从油墨成分分析到组件放大

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235908

Marco Cecchetti , Simone Fiorini Granieri , Fabio Di Fonzo , Damiano Fustinoni , Alfonso Niro , Andrea Casalegno , Matteo Zago

Developing highly selective separators that can effectively mitigate vanadium crossover is crucial for improving Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFB), which can play a key role in tackling the challenges set by future energy scenarios. This work presents the development of the barrier, a selective layer directly deposited on the membrane, using Ultrasonic Spray Coating (USC). Ultrasonic Spray Coating is characterized by excellent flexibility, allowing for easy deposition on any kind of substrate and enabling the tuning of the barrier ink composition. Moreover, as a commercial and already scaled-up technique, USC is suitable for the large-scale manufacturing of the barrier layer. Indeed, this work demonstrates the development of the barrier through USC starting from lab-scale to a size more representative of real applications. The composition of the ink and the deposition process were investigated to define the best ink composition and best combination of deposition parameters for the barrier scale-up. The barrier was directly deposited on Nafion^TM NR212, successfully reducing the capacity decay of the battery and the net vanadium flux by around 30 % without penalizing efficiency. Finally, the barrier layer effectively mitigated cross-over losses also at larger scale, with improved battery efficiency when deposited on a thinner membrane (Nafion^TM NR211).

开发能够有效缓解钒交叉的高选择性分离器对于改进钒氧化还原液流电池（VRFB）至关重要，而钒氧化还原液流电池在应对未来能源方案所带来的挑战方面可以发挥关键作用。本研究利用超声喷涂技术（USC）开发了直接沉积在膜上的选择性阻隔层。超声波喷涂具有极佳的灵活性，可在任何基底上轻松沉积，并可调整阻挡层油墨的成分。此外，USC 作为一种商业化的技术，而且已经扩大了规模，因此适合大规模制造阻挡层。事实上，这项工作展示了通过 USC 从实验室规模到更能代表实际应用规模的阻隔层的发展过程。通过对油墨成分和沉积工艺的研究，确定了阻挡层放大的最佳油墨成分和最佳沉积参数组合。阻挡层直接沉积在 NafionTM NR212 上，成功地将电池容量衰减和钒净通量降低了约 30%，且不影响效率。最后，阻挡层在更大规模上也有效地减少了交叉损失，当沉积在更薄的薄膜（NafionTM NR211）上时，电池效率得到了提高。

{"title":"Ultrasonic Spray Coating for the manufacturing of a selective layer for flow batteries: From the analysis of ink composition to component scale-up","authors":"Marco Cecchetti , Simone Fiorini Granieri , Fabio Di Fonzo , Damiano Fustinoni , Alfonso Niro , Andrea Casalegno , Matteo Zago","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing highly selective separators that can effectively mitigate vanadium crossover is crucial for improving Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFB), which can play a key role in tackling the challenges set by future energy scenarios. This work presents the development of the barrier, a selective layer directly deposited on the membrane, using Ultrasonic Spray Coating (USC). Ultrasonic Spray Coating is characterized by excellent flexibility, allowing for easy deposition on any kind of substrate and enabling the tuning of the barrier ink composition. Moreover, as a commercial and already scaled-up technique, USC is suitable for the large-scale manufacturing of the barrier layer. Indeed, this work demonstrates the development of the barrier through USC starting from lab-scale to a size more representative of real applications. The composition of the ink and the deposition process were investigated to define the best ink composition and best combination of deposition parameters for the barrier scale-up. The barrier was directly deposited on <em>Nafion</em><sup><em>TM</em></sup> NR212, successfully reducing the capacity decay of the battery and the net vanadium flux by around 30 % without penalizing efficiency. Finally, the barrier layer effectively mitigated cross-over losses also at larger scale, with improved battery efficiency when deposited on a thinner membrane (<em>Nafion</em><sup><em>TM</em></sup> NR211).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"628 ","pages":"Article 235908"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of boosted microphase separation exploiting highly rigid poly(phenyl-alkane)s anion exchange membranes for excellent performance fuel cells 利用高刚性聚（苯基-烷烃）阴离子交换膜开发用于高性能燃料电池的增压微相分离技术

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235911

Ziliang Li , Li Gao , Xuemei Wu , Xiaobin Jiang , Xiangcun Li , Wu Xiao , Wanting Chen , Wenji Zheng , Xuehua Ruan , Xiaoming Yan , Gaohong He

The advancement of the ionic conductivity and dimensional stability of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) while ensuring excellent alkali stability is the critical challenge in the development of AEM fuel cells. Construction of efficient ion transport channels through well-designed microphase morphology is considered to be an effective strategy to achieve this goal. Herein, we propose an ingenious design that a novel aryl ether-free poly(phenyl-alkane)s-based AEMs to optimize the conductivity and longevity of AEMs using rigid aryl units, i.e., 1,4-dimethoxybenzene and spirobisindane, as the main chains with connecting flexible alkyl chains. The rigid and non-rotatable aromatic structure can facilitate the formation of a well-defined microphase separation structure with long chain quaternary ammonium by reducing chain segment interactions, and can also ameliorate the dimensional stability of the membrane. Consequently, the as-prepared membrane exhibits an excellent hydroxide conductivity of 130 mS cm⁻¹ at 80 °C and approaches a terrific conductivity retention rate of 90 % after immersion in 1 M NaOH solution at 80 °C for 1000 h. Furthermore, the as-prepared membrane achieves an excellent peak power density of 1.36 W cm⁻² in the H₂-O₂ fuel cell and its initial voltage shows no signs of decreasing after running for 20 h under 0.2 A cm⁻².

提高阴离子交换膜（AEM）的离子传导性和尺寸稳定性，同时确保出色的碱稳定性，是开发 AEM 燃料电池的关键挑战。通过精心设计的微相形态构建高效离子传输通道被认为是实现这一目标的有效策略。在此，我们提出了一种巧妙的设计，即以刚性芳基单元（即 1,4-二甲氧基苯和螺比茚）为主链，连接柔性烷基链的新型无芳基醚聚（苯基-烷基）AEMs，以优化 AEMs 的导电性和寿命。刚性和不可旋转的芳香族结构可通过减少链段间的相互作用，促进与长链季铵形成明确的微相分离结构，还可改善膜的尺寸稳定性。因此，所制备的膜在 80 °C 下具有 130 mS cm-1 的优异氢氧化物电导率，在 80 °C 下的 1 M NaOH 溶液中浸泡 1000 小时后，电导率保持率可达 90%。此外，所制备的膜在 H2-O2 燃料电池中实现了 1.36 W cm-2 的优异峰值功率密度，在 0.2 A cm-2 下运行 20 小时后，其初始电压没有下降迹象。

{"title":"Development of boosted microphase separation exploiting highly rigid poly(phenyl-alkane)s anion exchange membranes for excellent performance fuel cells","authors":"Ziliang Li , Li Gao , Xuemei Wu , Xiaobin Jiang , Xiangcun Li , Wu Xiao , Wanting Chen , Wenji Zheng , Xuehua Ruan , Xiaoming Yan , Gaohong He","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement of the ionic conductivity and dimensional stability of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) while ensuring excellent alkali stability is the critical challenge in the development of AEM fuel cells. Construction of efficient ion transport channels through well-designed microphase morphology is considered to be an effective strategy to achieve this goal. Herein, we propose an ingenious design that a novel aryl ether-free poly(phenyl-alkane)s-based AEMs to optimize the conductivity and longevity of AEMs using rigid aryl units, i.e., 1,4-dimethoxybenzene and spirobisindane, as the main chains with connecting flexible alkyl chains. The rigid and non-rotatable aromatic structure can facilitate the formation of a well-defined microphase separation structure with long chain quaternary ammonium by reducing chain segment interactions, and can also ameliorate the dimensional stability of the membrane. Consequently, the as-prepared membrane exhibits an excellent hydroxide conductivity of 130 mS cm<sup>−1</sup> at 80 °C and approaches a terrific conductivity retention rate of 90 % after immersion in 1 M NaOH solution at 80 °C for 1000 h. Furthermore, the as-prepared membrane achieves an excellent peak power density of 1.36 W cm<sup>−2</sup> in the H<sub>2</sub>-O<sub>2</sub> fuel cell and its initial voltage shows no signs of decreasing after running for 20 h under 0.2 A cm<sup>−2</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"628 ","pages":"Article 235911"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oxygen vacancy-assisted construction of phosphorus-doped layers to improve the lithium storage performance of T-Nb2O5 氧空位辅助构建掺磷层以提高 T-Nb2O5 的锂存储性能

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235868

Xuxu Wang, Ruxiu He, Ying Bai, Fen Yao, Shuang Gao, Ping Nie, Limin Chang

T-Nb₂O₅ is a promising anode material for high power density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its fast lithium storage capacity and safe lithiation potential. However, its practical application is hindered by its low electronic conductivity. In this work, we improved the electrochemical performance of T-Nb₂O₅ by surface P-doping and the N-doped carbon substrate. Surface P-doping guided by defects enhances the electronic conductivity of the material, which can synergize with N-doped carbon substrates to form a conductive network and accelerate the lithiation/delithiation process. More importantly, surface P-doping does not destroy the internal crystal structure of the material, ensuring the stability of the Nb₂O₅ during the charge/discharge process. When used as the anode for LIBs, the Nb₂O₅-P/N-C exhibits great cycling stability and high-current charge/discharge performance. The specific capacity of Nb₂O₅-P/N-C exceeds 116 mAh g⁻¹ after 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g⁻¹. This work presents a novel approach to improve the electrochemical performance of T-Nb₂O₅.

T-Nb2O5 具有快速的锂储存能力和安全的锂化潜力，是一种很有前途的高功率密度锂离子电池（LIB）正极材料。然而，其低电子导电性阻碍了它的实际应用。在这项研究中，我们通过表面掺杂 P 和掺杂 N 的碳衬底改善了 T-Nb2O5 的电化学性能。由缺陷引导的表面 P 掺杂增强了材料的电子导电性，可与掺杂 N 的碳基底协同形成导电网络，加速锂化/退锂过程。更重要的是，表面掺杂 P 不会破坏材料的内部晶体结构，从而确保了 Nb2O5 在充放电过程中的稳定性。在用作 LIB 的阳极时，Nb2O5-P/N-C 表现出极高的循环稳定性和大电流充放电性能。在 1000 mA g-1 下循环 1000 次后，Nb2O5-P/N-C 的比容量超过 116 mAh g-1。这项研究提出了一种改善 T-Nb2O5 电化学性能的新方法。

{"title":"Oxygen vacancy-assisted construction of phosphorus-doped layers to improve the lithium storage performance of T-Nb2O5","authors":"Xuxu Wang, Ruxiu He, Ying Bai, Fen Yao, Shuang Gao, Ping Nie, Limin Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>T-Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> is a promising anode material for high power density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its fast lithium storage capacity and safe lithiation potential. However, its practical application is hindered by its low electronic conductivity. In this work, we improved the electrochemical performance of T-Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> by surface P-doping and the N-doped carbon substrate. Surface P-doping guided by defects enhances the electronic conductivity of the material, which can synergize with N-doped carbon substrates to form a conductive network and accelerate the lithiation/delithiation process. More importantly, surface P-doping does not destroy the internal crystal structure of the material, ensuring the stability of the Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> during the charge/discharge process. When used as the anode for LIBs, the Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-P/N-C exhibits great cycling stability and high-current charge/discharge performance. The specific capacity of Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-P/N-C exceeds 116 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> after 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g<sup>−1</sup>. This work presents a novel approach to improve the electrochemical performance of T-Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"628 ","pages":"Article 235868"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0