Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236592
Xiaoyang Jia , Zhongrui Lu , Kai Huai , Xiancan Yuan , Zhuoran Yang , Rui Huang , Shaoxiong Zhai , Qing Ye , Zhanfeng Deng , Jun Lin , Shaojian He
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are highly porous crystalline polymers with well-defined pore structures, exhibiting great potential for the use of composite membranes to separate ions with different sizes. However, COFs are mostly insoluble and poorly dispersed in common solvents, making it very difficult to well disperse COFs in polymer matrix to prepare high-quality composite membranes. In this work, a MS hybrid was prepared by in-situ growing COFs on the surface of Ti3C2Tx MXenes, which helps improve the filler-matrix compatibility significantly. The synergetic effect of the two-dimensional structure of MXene nanosheets and the porosity of COF components in MS contributes to the improvement for the ion selectivity of the composite membranes (SPEEK/MS). The vanadium flow battery (VFB) loaded with the SPEEK/MS-10 membrane achieves the energy efficiency of 93 % at 40 mA cm−2, as compared to 86 % for that with the SPEEK control membrane. Moreover, the improved cycling stability and capacity retention was achieved for the SPEEK/MS-10 based VFB. Therefore, this work provides a promising strategy to fabricate high-performance COF-based composite PEMs for the VFB applications.
{"title":"Covalent organic framework in-situ grown on MXenes to improve ion selectivity of composite membranes for vanadium flow battery","authors":"Xiaoyang Jia , Zhongrui Lu , Kai Huai , Xiancan Yuan , Zhuoran Yang , Rui Huang , Shaoxiong Zhai , Qing Ye , Zhanfeng Deng , Jun Lin , Shaojian He","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are highly porous crystalline polymers with well-defined pore structures, exhibiting great potential for the use of composite membranes to separate ions with different sizes. However, COFs are mostly insoluble and poorly dispersed in common solvents, making it very difficult to well disperse COFs in polymer matrix to prepare high-quality composite membranes. In this work, a MS hybrid was prepared by in-situ growing COFs on the surface of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXenes, which helps improve the filler-matrix compatibility significantly. The synergetic effect of the two-dimensional structure of MXene nanosheets and the porosity of COF components in MS contributes to the improvement for the ion selectivity of the composite membranes (SPEEK/MS). The vanadium flow battery (VFB) loaded with the SPEEK/MS-10 membrane achieves the energy efficiency of 93 % at 40 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, as compared to 86 % for that with the SPEEK control membrane. Moreover, the improved cycling stability and capacity retention was achieved for the SPEEK/MS-10 based VFB. Therefore, this work provides a promising strategy to fabricate high-performance COF-based composite PEMs for the VFB applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"637 ","pages":"Article 236592"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236489
Kuicong Ma , Wenhua Zhang , Yu Liu , Yuanchun Huang , Hongbang Shao , Changke Chen
The effects of varying In concentrations on the electrochemical and discharge performance of Al-0.5 Mg-xIn-0.05Ga (x = 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05 wt%) alloy anodes in a 2M NaCl neutral electrolyte have been systematically investigated in this study. It is found that an appropriate In content (0.1–0.2 wt%) enhances discharge performance by reducing localized corrosion associated with Ga and promoting intragranular segregation, which facilitates uniform anodic dissolution and improves overall anodic utilization. In contrast, excessive In (≥0.4 wt%) leads to significant segregation of In at the grain boundaries, resulting in severe intergranular corrosion of the alloy. Moreover, it also significantly hinders charge transfer, with the discharge products of In forming a layer on the electrode surface, thereby obstructing the dissolution of Al, both contributing to a decline in discharge performance. Furthermore, the increase in In concentration shifts the dominant diffusion mechanism from Al3+ to In3+, considerably affecting the mass transfer between the electrode surface and the electrolyte. Alloy 3 (Al-0.5Mg-0.1In-0.05Ga) demonstrating the best performance at a current density of 5 mA cm−2, achieving an energy density of 3454.44 Wh kg⁻1, a working voltage of 1.291V, and an anodic utilization rate of 93.22 %. This work provides valuable insights for the development of high-performance neutral Al-air batteries.
{"title":"Effect of indium content on the discharge properties of Al-Mg-Ga based anodes in neutral Al-air batteries","authors":"Kuicong Ma , Wenhua Zhang , Yu Liu , Yuanchun Huang , Hongbang Shao , Changke Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of varying In concentrations on the electrochemical and discharge performance of Al-0.5 Mg-xIn-0.05Ga (x = 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05 wt%) alloy anodes in a 2M NaCl neutral electrolyte have been systematically investigated in this study. It is found that an appropriate In content (0.1–0.2 wt%) enhances discharge performance by reducing localized corrosion associated with Ga and promoting intragranular segregation, which facilitates uniform anodic dissolution and improves overall anodic utilization. In contrast, excessive In (≥0.4 wt%) leads to significant segregation of In at the grain boundaries, resulting in severe intergranular corrosion of the alloy. Moreover, it also significantly hinders charge transfer, with the discharge products of In forming a layer on the electrode surface, thereby obstructing the dissolution of Al, both contributing to a decline in discharge performance. Furthermore, the increase in In concentration shifts the dominant diffusion mechanism from Al<sup>3+</sup> to In<sup>3+</sup>, considerably affecting the mass transfer between the electrode surface and the electrolyte. Alloy 3 (Al-0.5Mg-0.1In-0.05Ga) demonstrating the best performance at a current density of 5 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, achieving an energy density of 3454.44 Wh kg⁻<sup>1</sup>, a working voltage of 1.291V, and an anodic utilization rate of 93.22 %. This work provides valuable insights for the development of high-performance neutral Al-air batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"636 ","pages":"Article 236489"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236493
Junghyun Lee , Changwook Seol , Minju Kim , Hojun Hyun , Young Gyun Goh , Sung Soo Shin , Junsoo Kim , Segeun Jang , Sang Moon Kim
In this study, a directly integrated membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) with porous-carbon functional layer (PCFL) was developed. The PCFL contains Nafion ionomers as binder to enable the flexible operation of fuel cells under diverse humidity conditions. The direct integration of PCFL onto the catalyst layer (CL) of the MEA was fabricated by using a spray-coating process that avoids the need for high-temperature annealing, which is required to form a conventional microporous layer. This approach results in a reduction of the interfacial contact resistance between the CL and the single-layer-type gas-diffusion layer (S-GDL). Furthermore, the PCFL-MEA exhibits enhanced water retention, which reduces the detrimental impact of membrane and ionomer dehydration during low-humidity operating conditions. Introducing an additional PCFL with 1-μm-sized macropores (an mPCFL) creates a gradient in the pore-size profile from the CL to the GDL. This facilitates water drainage and minimizes oxygen-transfer resistance under high-humidity conditions while maintaining the water-retention capability under low-humidity conditions. The optimized MEA, which consists of 50 μm PCFL and 30 μm mPCFL, exhibits superior performance, achieving maximum power density that is 31.3 % higher at 50 °C and 35 % relative humidity (RH) (11.4 % higher at 70 °C and 100 % RH) than that of a reference MEA with conventional double-layer GDL.
{"title":"Directly integrated membrane-electrode assembly with a macroporous-carbon functional layer for the flexible operation of fuel cells under varying humidity","authors":"Junghyun Lee , Changwook Seol , Minju Kim , Hojun Hyun , Young Gyun Goh , Sung Soo Shin , Junsoo Kim , Segeun Jang , Sang Moon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a directly integrated membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) with porous-carbon functional layer (PCFL) was developed. The PCFL contains Nafion ionomers as binder to enable the flexible operation of fuel cells under diverse humidity conditions. The direct integration of PCFL onto the catalyst layer (CL) of the MEA was fabricated by using a spray-coating process that avoids the need for high-temperature annealing, which is required to form a conventional microporous layer. This approach results in a reduction of the interfacial contact resistance between the CL and the single-layer-type gas-diffusion layer (S-GDL). Furthermore, the PCFL-MEA exhibits enhanced water retention, which reduces the detrimental impact of membrane and ionomer dehydration during low-humidity operating conditions. Introducing an additional PCFL with 1-μm-sized macropores (an mPCFL) creates a gradient in the pore-size profile from the CL to the GDL. This facilitates water drainage and minimizes oxygen-transfer resistance under high-humidity conditions while maintaining the water-retention capability under low-humidity conditions. The optimized MEA, which consists of 50 μm PCFL and 30 μm mPCFL, exhibits superior performance, achieving maximum power density that is 31.3 % higher at 50 °C and 35 % relative humidity (RH) (11.4 % higher at 70 °C and 100 % RH) than that of a reference MEA with conventional double-layer GDL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"636 ","pages":"Article 236493"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236538
Nitika Devi , Rajesh Kumar , Rajesh Kumar Singh , Stanislav A. Moshkalev
Recently, two-dimensional (2D) layered MXenes family which exhibited high electronegativity, mechanical strength, tunable surface chemistry, etc. have become a hotspot research topic of materials science for energy storage application.The discovery of MXene has opened an exciting area of research in energy storage materials and attracted interest among researchers. Till now noteworthy researches have been performed on the synthesis and application of MXene-based composite materials for energy storage. Supercapacitors and batteries are well-known devices in the group of energy storage applications to address the current requirement. Here, we have systematically reviewed the progressive developments of MXene and latest approaches for synthesis of different kinds of MXene via various routes and their composite formation utilized for supercapacitor and secondary batteries. Firstly, the fundamentals about structural configuration of MXene are summarized and the positions of atoms in MXene are outlined. Various routes for preparation of MXene are described along with the attachment of surface functional groups. Subsequently, numerous typical cases of supercapacitor and batteries are evaluated based on the structural arrangement, compositional variation, selection of specific MXene, and electrochemical performance. The energy performance studies on MXene-based composite reveals that increase in the interlayer spacing, altering the surface functionality, and synthesis of few-layered MXene are highly adoptable for enhancing the storage capability. In the end, challenges/issues and future prospects associated with MXene as energy electrodes are discussed and opinions are suggested in detail. We believe that this comprehensive review will summarize and deliver new visions for the improvement in the study of MXene and their applied use in energy storage devices.
{"title":"Recent development of MXenes and their composites in electrochemical energy storage: Current status, challenges and future prospects","authors":"Nitika Devi , Rajesh Kumar , Rajesh Kumar Singh , Stanislav A. Moshkalev","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, two-dimensional (2D) layered MXenes family which exhibited high electronegativity, mechanical strength, tunable surface chemistry, etc. have become a hotspot research topic of materials science for energy storage application.The discovery of MXene has opened an exciting area of research in energy storage materials and attracted interest among researchers. Till now noteworthy researches have been performed on the synthesis and application of MXene-based composite materials for energy storage. Supercapacitors and batteries are well-known devices in the group of energy storage applications to address the current requirement. Here, we have systematically reviewed the progressive developments of MXene and latest approaches for synthesis of different kinds of MXene via various routes and their composite formation utilized for supercapacitor and secondary batteries. Firstly, the fundamentals about structural configuration of MXene are summarized and the positions of atoms in MXene are outlined. Various routes for preparation of MXene are described along with the attachment of surface functional groups. Subsequently, numerous typical cases of supercapacitor and batteries are evaluated based on the structural arrangement, compositional variation, selection of specific MXene, and electrochemical performance. The energy performance studies on MXene-based composite reveals that increase in the interlayer spacing, altering the surface functionality, and synthesis of few-layered MXene are highly adoptable for enhancing the storage capability. In the end, challenges/issues and future prospects associated with MXene as energy electrodes are discussed and opinions are suggested in detail. We believe that this comprehensive review will summarize and deliver new visions for the improvement in the study of MXene and their applied use in energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"636 ","pages":"Article 236538"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the impact of oxygen vacancies and dual ion (Zn2+ and H+) insertion on the electrochemical performance of V2O5 layered cathodes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Oxygen vacancies were introduced into the V2O5 lattice through a controlled synthesis process, and their effect on electrochemical properties was thoroughly analyzed using structural, morphological, and electrochemical characterizations. The findings reveal that the introduction of oxygen vacancies, combined with dual ion insertion during charge-discharge cycles, significantly enhances the rate capability and cycling stability of oxygen-deficient V2O5 (OD-V2O5) cathodes. These enhancements are attributed to accelerated ion diffusion kinetics and reduced structural degradation, which result from the presence of oxygen vacancies. This facilitates more efficient zinc-ion insertion and extraction, while also minimizing irreversible capacity loss, leading to improved long-term cycling stability. The OD-V2O5 nanosheets exhibit exceptional electrochemical performance, with a specific capacity of 477 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and an impressive capacity retention of 93.6 % and coulombic efficiency of 96.8 % over 10,000 cycles at 5 A g−1. This work highlights the critical role of oxygen vacancies and dual ion insertion in enhancing the performance of V2O5 cathodes, providing valuable insights for developing fast and stable AZIB systems.
{"title":"Dual ion insertion and oxygen vacancy engineering in nanostructured V2O5 cathodes for enhanced Zn-ion battery performance and stability","authors":"Tharani Selvam , Durgalakshmi Dhinasekaran , Balakumar Subramanian , Ajay Rakkesh Rajendran","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the impact of oxygen vacancies and dual ion (Zn<sup>2+</sup> and H<sup>+</sup>) insertion on the electrochemical performance of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> layered cathodes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Oxygen vacancies were introduced into the V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> lattice through a controlled synthesis process, and their effect on electrochemical properties was thoroughly analyzed using structural, morphological, and electrochemical characterizations. The findings reveal that the introduction of oxygen vacancies, combined with dual ion insertion during charge-discharge cycles, significantly enhances the rate capability and cycling stability of oxygen-deficient V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> (OD-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) cathodes. These enhancements are attributed to accelerated ion diffusion kinetics and reduced structural degradation, which result from the presence of oxygen vacancies. This facilitates more efficient zinc-ion insertion and extraction, while also minimizing irreversible capacity loss, leading to improved long-term cycling stability. The OD-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> nanosheets exhibit exceptional electrochemical performance, with a specific capacity of 477 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1 A g<sup>−1</sup> and an impressive capacity retention of 93.6 % and coulombic efficiency of 96.8 % over 10,000 cycles at 5 A g<sup>−1</sup>. This work highlights the critical role of oxygen vacancies and dual ion insertion in enhancing the performance of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> cathodes, providing valuable insights for developing fast and stable AZIB systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"636 ","pages":"Article 236593"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236581
Lifang Zhang , Bo Wei , Xiangxiong Feng , Miao Guo , Yufei Wang , Yanwen Wang , Kaichen Wang , Feng Ye , Chao Xu , Jianguo Liu
The structure design of the anode catalyst layer (ACL) is crucial to the performance of the proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE). In this work, a novel ACL structure is designed using the pore-forming agents (PF) in catalyst ink. The performance of PEMWE is systematically investigated by controlling the pore in inner layer and outer layer of ACL by adding PF. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that the surface pores of the ACL are significantly regulated using PF. At the current density of 3 A cm−2, the cell voltage of the optimized gradient ACL is 2.063 V, 154 mV lower than the 2.217 V in single-layer ACL. An electrolysis efficiency of PEMWE of 86.10 %@1 A cm−2 is achieved. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results shows that the ohmic resistance of the optimized gradient ACL is 141.31 mΩ cm2, which is 18.23 % lower than that of the single-layer ACL. Furthermore, the distribution function of relaxation times exhibits a significant decrease in mass transfer impedance. These results confirms that the ACL structure with gradient pore size distribution greatly improves mass transfer in PEMWE. Therefore, the ACL structural design strategy is efficient to the widespread adoption of PEMWE for clean hydrogen production.
{"title":"Novel anode catalyst layer structure with gradient pore size distribution for highly efficient proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers","authors":"Lifang Zhang , Bo Wei , Xiangxiong Feng , Miao Guo , Yufei Wang , Yanwen Wang , Kaichen Wang , Feng Ye , Chao Xu , Jianguo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structure design of the anode catalyst layer (ACL) is crucial to the performance of the proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE). In this work, a novel ACL structure is designed using the pore-forming agents (PF) in catalyst ink. The performance of PEMWE is systematically investigated by controlling the pore in inner layer and outer layer of ACL by adding PF. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that the surface pores of the ACL are significantly regulated using PF. At the current density of 3 A cm<sup>−2</sup>, the cell voltage of the optimized gradient ACL is 2.063 V, 154 mV lower than the 2.217 V in single-layer ACL. An electrolysis efficiency of PEMWE of 86.10 %@1 A cm<sup>−2</sup> is achieved. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results shows that the ohmic resistance of the optimized gradient ACL is 141.31 mΩ cm<sup>2</sup>, which is 18.23 % lower than that of the single-layer ACL. Furthermore, the distribution function of relaxation times exhibits a significant decrease in mass transfer impedance. These results confirms that the ACL structure with gradient pore size distribution greatly improves mass transfer in PEMWE. Therefore, the ACL structural design strategy is efficient to the widespread adoption of PEMWE for clean hydrogen production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"636 ","pages":"Article 236581"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236575
Shichang Han , Ben Hu , Zhangyu Zheng , Kangsheng Huang , Zengjie Fan , Derong Luo , Tiezhu Xu , Tianyu Zhu , Jie Xu
Solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (SSLSBs) incorporating solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) represent a promising solution to the energy density constraints and safety concerns associated with conventional lithium metal batteries. However, the practical implementation of single-phase SSEs remains limited by suboptimal performance metrics. Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs), which synergistically combine the advantages of inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs) and solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), have emerged as a viable alternative, offering superior ionic conductivity, lower interfacial resistance, and enhanced electrode stability in SSLSBs. This review systematically explores the development of solid electrolytes, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of ISEs, SPEs, and various CSEs. Key strategies to address persistent challenges, including low ionic conductivity, limited electrochemical stability, and high interfacial resistance, are also examined. Particular attention is paid to the impact of electrolyte-electrode interface modifications, specifically at the cathode-electrolyte and anode-electrolyte interfaces, on the overall battery performance. Finally, the review highlights critical challenges and outlines future directions for the practical adoption of composite electrolytes in next-generation energy storage systems.
{"title":"Research on electrolyte structure and interface design for solid state Lithium–Sulfur batteries: Challenges, strategies and prospects","authors":"Shichang Han , Ben Hu , Zhangyu Zheng , Kangsheng Huang , Zengjie Fan , Derong Luo , Tiezhu Xu , Tianyu Zhu , Jie Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (SSLSBs) incorporating solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) represent a promising solution to the energy density constraints and safety concerns associated with conventional lithium metal batteries. However, the practical implementation of single-phase SSEs remains limited by suboptimal performance metrics. Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs), which synergistically combine the advantages of inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs) and solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), have emerged as a viable alternative, offering superior ionic conductivity, lower interfacial resistance, and enhanced electrode stability in SSLSBs. This review systematically explores the development of solid electrolytes, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of ISEs, SPEs, and various CSEs. Key strategies to address persistent challenges, including low ionic conductivity, limited electrochemical stability, and high interfacial resistance, are also examined. Particular attention is paid to the impact of electrolyte-electrode interface modifications, specifically at the cathode-electrolyte and anode-electrolyte interfaces, on the overall battery performance. Finally, the review highlights critical challenges and outlines future directions for the practical adoption of composite electrolytes in next-generation energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"636 ","pages":"Article 236575"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236578
Imtiaz Haider , Haoming Xu , Syed Ali Haider , Wenli Li , Yuhua Zheng , Serge Zhuiykov , Yanbin Cui
Transition metal oxides and hydroxides have become highly required for their electrochromic properties and energy storage capabilities owing to their affordability, adaptable structure and exceptional endurance. However, they encounter notable obstacles in achieving substantial advancements in large-scale optical modulation and high coloring efficiency, mostly stemming from their limited electron conductivity and an inadequate number of reactive sites. Current study presents simple and scalable electrodeposition method for phosphomolybdate-nickel (NiHPMo12O40, PMo12-Ni) nanofilms with high purity and small nano-grain sizes ensuring efficient electrochemical and electrochromic performance. Specifically, the PMo12-Ni nanofilm has demonstrated superior transmittance (96.5 %), huge optical modulation (87.3 %), substantial increased coloration efficiency (114 cm2 C−1) and stable optical memory with the decay of only 5.1 % up to 5000 s among other transition metal oxides reported to date. The PMo12-Ni nanofilm also exhibits excellent energy storage characteristics with high specific capacitance of 60.1 mF cm−2 at current density of 1.5 mA cm−2. Consequently, the PMo12-Ni nanofilms can be consider as valuable candidates for modern electrochromic and energy storage applications.
{"title":"Color-switchable phosphomolybdate-nickel nanofilm with superior optical modulation and long-term stability for electrochromic energy storage","authors":"Imtiaz Haider , Haoming Xu , Syed Ali Haider , Wenli Li , Yuhua Zheng , Serge Zhuiykov , Yanbin Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transition metal oxides and hydroxides have become highly required for their electrochromic properties and energy storage capabilities owing to their affordability, adaptable structure and exceptional endurance. However, they encounter notable obstacles in achieving substantial advancements in large-scale optical modulation and high coloring efficiency, mostly stemming from their limited electron conductivity and an inadequate number of reactive sites. Current study presents simple and scalable electrodeposition method for phosphomolybdate-nickel (NiHPMo<sub>12</sub>O<sub>40</sub>, PMo<sub>12</sub>-Ni) nanofilms with high purity and small nano-grain sizes ensuring efficient electrochemical and electrochromic performance. Specifically, the PMo<sub>12</sub>-Ni nanofilm has demonstrated superior transmittance (96.5 %), huge optical modulation (87.3 %), substantial increased coloration efficiency (114 cm<sup>2</sup> C<sup>−1</sup>) and stable optical memory with the decay of only 5.1 % up to 5000 s among other transition metal oxides reported to date. The PMo<sub>12</sub>-Ni nanofilm also exhibits excellent energy storage characteristics with high specific capacitance of 60.1 mF cm<sup>−2</sup> at current density of 1.5 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. Consequently, the PMo<sub>12</sub>-Ni nanofilms can be consider as valuable candidates for modern electrochromic and energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"636 ","pages":"Article 236578"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236544
Houde Dai , Yiyang Huang , Liqi Zhu , Haijun Lin , Hui Yu , Yuan Lai , Yuxiang Yang
Due to the usage habits, it is challenging to conduct the complete process of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from fully discharged to the maximum charge in real situations. To achieve battery accuracy state-of-health (SOH) estimation in random charging situations, this study proposes a novel health feature extraction strategy based on random charging curve fitting and an enhanced broad learning system (BLS). First, a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is utilized to determine the optimal voltage interval for data extraction. Second, the random charging curve segments are fitted by a quadratic function to characterize health features (HFs). Finally, this study proposes a battery SOH estimation model, i.e., the attention mechanism-based BLS (A-BLS). The attention mechanism reduces the uncertainty caused by the random weights of the BLS for the inputs. A dropout layer is incorporated into the BLS model to mitigate the risk of overfitting. Experiments are conducted on the NASA, Oxford, and Michigan datasets, with most estimation errors below 1 %. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has the potential for implementation in practical situations involving LIBs. Furthermore, the estimation efficacy of the battery SOH is both reliable and accurate.
{"title":"Battery state-of-health estimation based on random charge curve fitting and broad learning system with attention mechanism","authors":"Houde Dai , Yiyang Huang , Liqi Zhu , Haijun Lin , Hui Yu , Yuan Lai , Yuxiang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the usage habits, it is challenging to conduct the complete process of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from fully discharged to the maximum charge in real situations. To achieve battery accuracy state-of-health (SOH) estimation in random charging situations, this study proposes a novel health feature extraction strategy based on random charging curve fitting and an enhanced broad learning system (BLS). First, a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is utilized to determine the optimal voltage interval for data extraction. Second, the random charging curve segments are fitted by a quadratic function to characterize health features (HFs). Finally, this study proposes a battery SOH estimation model, i.e., the attention mechanism-based BLS (A-BLS). The attention mechanism reduces the uncertainty caused by the random weights of the BLS for the inputs. A dropout layer is incorporated into the BLS model to mitigate the risk of overfitting. Experiments are conducted on the NASA, Oxford<strong>,</strong> and Michigan datasets, with most estimation errors below 1 %. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has the potential for implementation in practical situations involving LIBs. Furthermore, the estimation efficacy of the battery SOH is both reliable and accurate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"636 ","pages":"Article 236544"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236579
Wenhao Tai , Haoyan Cheng , Ruohan Liu , Yongkang Chen , Bo Sun , Zhonghan Jiang , Bo Zhao , Meilin Liu , Hao Hu
Organic sulfur-containing polymers offer promising avenues for advancing lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery technology due to their cost-effectiveness, versatile structural design, and high theoretical capacity. However, challenges such as low conductivity, poor stability, and solubility in electrolytes hinder their practical application. This study focuses on molecularly crosslinked organic sulfur-containing polymers to mitigate these issues. A novel organic sulfur-containing polymers molecular framework was constructed using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the backbone and cross-linked with p-phenylenediamine (PPD), which effectively enhances ion transport kinetics and structural stability during electrochemical reactions. The prepared PAN@PPD@S cathode exhibited outstanding performance with a specific capacity of 726 mAh g−1 at 5 C, significantly higher than conventional sulfur-containing polymers. It exhibited an initial discharge specific capacity of 1101 mAh g−1 at 0.3 C, maintaining 956 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles, to capacity decay of only 0.13 % per cycle. Moreover, the molecular framework facilitated ensures stable electrochemical performance even at high sulfur loadings, highlighting its potential for actual applications in high-energy density Li-S batteries.
{"title":"Molecular framework engineering of sulfur-containing polymers for enhanced ion transport efficiency in Li-S battery","authors":"Wenhao Tai , Haoyan Cheng , Ruohan Liu , Yongkang Chen , Bo Sun , Zhonghan Jiang , Bo Zhao , Meilin Liu , Hao Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic sulfur-containing polymers offer promising avenues for advancing lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery technology due to their cost-effectiveness, versatile structural design, and high theoretical capacity. However, challenges such as low conductivity, poor stability, and solubility in electrolytes hinder their practical application. This study focuses on molecularly crosslinked organic sulfur-containing polymers to mitigate these issues. A novel organic sulfur-containing polymers molecular framework was constructed using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the backbone and cross-linked with p-phenylenediamine (PPD), which effectively enhances ion transport kinetics and structural stability during electrochemical reactions. The prepared PAN@PPD@S cathode exhibited outstanding performance with a specific capacity of 726 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 5 C, significantly higher than conventional sulfur-containing polymers. It exhibited an initial discharge specific capacity of 1101 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.3 C, maintaining 956 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> after 100 cycles, to capacity decay of only 0.13 % per cycle. Moreover, the molecular framework facilitated ensures stable electrochemical performance even at high sulfur loadings, highlighting its potential for actual applications in high-energy density Li-S batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"636 ","pages":"Article 236579"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}