Journal of Power Sources最新文献_第9页

A review of photoanode materials, challenges, and outlook of dye-sensitized solar cells

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236636

Md Ashrafuzzaman , Abul Kalam , Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi , Pankaj Yadav , Mrigendra Dubey

Renewable energy, especially solar energy is extremely demandable to mitigate the current global issues (e.g., climate change) owing to less carbon dioxide-intensive, stable, continually accessible in nature etc. Therefore, third generation solar cells such as Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted global attention to the researchers in the field of energy than others because of their promising properties; low-cost, easy fabrication, use of non-toxic materials, environmentally friendly etc. The photoanode is one of the most crucial components of DSSCs and plays an essential role to improve the overall efficiency of the device. This review summarized the present state of the art in DSSCs and also included the new information about emerging the most prominent metal oxides, their morphology-based photoanodes and surface passivating organic materials. Firstly, we begin by discussing the fundamentals of energy, solar cells, and their generations. Then, the mostly used metal oxides as photoanode, such as TiO₂, ZnO, SnO₂, Nb₂O₅, WO₃, SrTiO₃, and Zn₂SnO₄ has been reviewed deeply with merits and demerits. These metal oxides-based nanostructures including zero dimensions (0D), one-dimensions (1D), two-dimensions (2D), three-dimensions (3D) are studied with the reason of highest efficiency. Thirdly, surface passivation with organic passivating compounds is discussed with proper statements to resolve the charge recombination, which is one of the main drawbacks for increasing the efficiency of the device. Finally, the main challenges of DSSCs for the commercialization, particular low efficiency, charge recombination, absorption ability, long-term stability, and fabrication cost are studied and the strategies for the overcome from these challenges are investigated.

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引用次数: 0

Dry-processed bimodal cathode with single-crystalline particles for high-density and high-performance lithium-ion batteries

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236621

Seungmin Hong , Jae Kwon Seo , Chaeyeon Ha , Seung-Min Oh , Young-Jun Kim

The development of high-performance and environmentally friendly cathodes is crucial for advancing the lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology. This study aims to solve the problems associated with the conventional wet electrode fabrication that uses a N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent by introducing a solvent-free electrode process employing polytetrafluoroethylene binder to fabricate cathodes with Ni-rich LiNi_1-x-y-zCo_xMn_yAl_zO₂ active materials. In addition, to enhance electrode density, this study explores bimodal active materials composed of large polycrystalline (PC) and small single crystalline (SC) particles mixed in an optimal ratio. By employing bimodal cathode active materials, electrode density is easily enhanced during processing while minimizing the pulverization of the cathode materials. Furthermore, the inclusion of small SC particles promotes a more uniform dispersion of conductive additives in the electrodes and improves cell cycling performance. As a result, the full cell using bimodal materials demonstrates superior capacity retention of 80.1 % (146.4 mAh g⁻¹) compared to 64.6 % (117.3 mAh g⁻¹) for the cell with PC materials after 300 cycles. This study provides a foundation for advancing LIB cathode research and industrial applications, paving the way for future high-energy-density cathode designs.

开发高性能且环保的阴极对于推动锂离子电池（LIB）技术的发展至关重要。本研究旨在解决传统湿法电极制造（使用 N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮溶剂）的相关问题，采用聚四氟乙烯粘合剂的无溶剂电极工艺，制造富含镍的 LiNi1-x-yzCoxMnyAlzO2 活性材料阴极。此外，为了提高电极密度，本研究还探索了由大颗粒多晶体（PC）和小颗粒单晶体（SC）以最佳比例混合而成的双模活性材料。通过采用双模阴极活性材料，在加工过程中可以轻松提高电极密度，同时最大限度地减少阴极材料的粉碎。此外，小 SC 粒子的加入还能促进导电添加剂在电极中更均匀地分散，并改善电池的循环性能。因此，使用双模材料的全电池在循环 300 次后，容量保持率为 80.1%（146.4 mAh g-1），而使用 PC 材料的电池容量保持率为 64.6%（117.3 mAh g-1）。这项研究为推进 LIB 阴极研究和工业应用奠定了基础，为未来的高能量密度阴极设计铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

In-situ constructed solid composite cathode electrode enables poly (ethylene oxide) based solid-state lithium batteries to stably operate at high-voltage 原位构建的固体复合正极电极可使基于聚（环氧乙烷）的固态锂电池在高电压下稳定运行

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236554

Bowei Cao , Yuli Huang , Yuan Liu , Yang Yang , Xilin Xu , Quan Li , Zhen Geng , Xiqian Yu , Hong Li

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are promising candidates for the application of solid-state batteries (SSBs). However, the narrow electrochemical window and inadequate electrode-electrolyte interfacial contact restrict the practical application of SPEs. To address these issues, the solid composite cathode electrode (SCCE) is designed through in-situ polymerization in the LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ (NCM811) cathode electrode. The in-situ polymerized electrolyte exhibits high ionic conductivity (0.133 mS cm⁻¹ at 30 °C and 1.1 mS cm⁻¹ at 60 °C) and a wide electrochemical window (>4.8 V). The poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) based SSB using the constructed NCM811-SCCE shows superior cycling stability with a capacity retention ratio of 74.14 % after 500 cycles (2.8–4.2 V). Moreover, the PEO solid-state pouch cell employing the NCM811-SCCE can operate under bending or cutting conditions, demonstrating its high safety and reliability. Therefore, this work presents an effective design of SCCE, enabling the PEO-based SSB to be compatible with the high-voltage cathode. This is a practical approach for the applications of SSBs with high energy density and safety.

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引用次数: 0

Poly(aryl piperidiniums) with imidazolium side chains for anion exchange membrane fuel cells 用于阴离子交换膜燃料电池的咪唑侧链聚(芳基哌啶鎓)

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236640

Ran Tao , Yingdan Cui , Ye Tian , Rui Wang , Ki-Taek Bang , Huanhuan Chen , Chuan Hu , Yufei Yuan , Shangqian Zhu , Young Moo Lee , William E. Mustain , Minhua Shao , Yoonseob Kim

Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are essential components in anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) devices. However, difficulty in making AEMs with high conductivity and stability remains a major challenge. Here, we report a series of poly (aryl piperidiniums) with imidazolium side chains (PAP-Im) to fabricate AEMs with high ionic conductivity and excellent chemical stability. The varied ratio of the cationic alkyl side chain is found to substantially alter the micromorphology in the series of AEMs, and resulted in improved conductivity and stability. The PAP-Im-3 membrane exhibited a high ion conductivity of 165 mS cm⁻¹ at 80 °C, and excellent alkaline durability in 1 M NaOH at 80 °C for 1224 h with up to 86 % conductivity remaining owing to stable cations, ether-free polymer backbone, and nano-phase morphology separation. Moreover, the AEMFCs equipped with PAP-Im-3 and low-Pt-loading membrane electrode assembly achieved a peak power density of 0.81 W cm⁻² in fuel cells, which can also stably operate with zero voltage decay at a constant current density of 200 mA cm⁻² for 115 h at 60 °C. Hence, the side chain strategy in PAPs shows promise for practical applications in fuel cells.

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引用次数: 0

Methyl orange as self-degraded template to fabricate the crystalline tetragonal hollow polyaniline nanotubes for all-solid-state flexible supercapacitors

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236627

Dong Xu , Ao Chen , Quankang Sheng, Guang Hu, Long Chen, Yu Zhang, Shaoyun Chen, Chenglong Hu

It is found that methyl orange can be effectively self-assembled into the aggregation of rigid rod to form rectangular template for the growth of PANI and then an uncomplicated one-step self-degraded template method has been used to prepare uniform crystalline tetragonal hollow polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes. The inner and outer surfaces of PANI nanotubes are completely exposed to the electrolytes due to the large inner diameter of PANI nanotubes, which can enhance the utilization efficiency of the electrode materials, resulting in a high specific capacitance up to 590 ± 36 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s. Furthermore, the enhanced specific capacitance and rate capability can be explained by the nearest neighbor regular folded-chain model. The symmetric all-solid-state flexible supercapacitor device is also assembled by PANI nanotubes electrodes to form the sandwich structure, and the maximum energy density is 14.56 Wh/kg at a power density of 250 W/kg. Considering the low cost and convenient preparation of PANI, the tetragonal hollow PANI nanotubes are expected to play an important role in the application of supercapacitors.

研究发现，甲基橙可以有效地自组装成硬棒聚集体，形成矩形模板用于 PANI 的生长，然后采用简单的一步自降解模板法制备出均匀结晶的四方空心聚苯胺（PANI）纳米管。由于 PANI 纳米管的内径较大，其内外表面完全暴露在电解液中，这可以提高电极材料的利用效率，从而在 5 mV/s 的扫描速率下获得高达 590 ± 36 F/g 的高比电容。此外，增强的比电容和速率能力可以用近邻规则折叠链模型来解释。对称全固态柔性超级电容器器件也是由 PANI 纳米管电极组装而成的三明治结构，在功率密度为 250 W/kg 时，最大能量密度为 14.56 Wh/kg。考虑到 PANI 的低成本和便捷制备，四方空心 PANI 纳米管有望在超级电容器的应用中发挥重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Lithium-ion diffusion behaviour in silicon nanoparticle/graphite blended anodes

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236623

Tuan Kiet Pham , Graeme A. Snook , Dean Glass , Amanda V. Ellis

An attractive approach to improving lithium-ion battery graphite anode capacity is the addition of high-capacity silicon (Si) nanoparticles (NPs). However, there is currently limited understanding of the evolution of the overpotential that is generated in the new types of anodes with increasing Si content. In this work both the synergistic and antagonistic effects of Si NPs (0–15 wt-%) blended with spheronized natural graphite was investigated. The overpotential was determined by comparing the corresponding peak positions in graphite and the Si NP/graphite blends using differential capacity (dQ dV⁻¹) analysis. Li⁺-ion diffusion coefficients were calculated via the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) at different stages of (de)lithiation, before and after low and high current rate cycling. Results show that there is a clear interplay between graphite and Si NPs in the Li⁺-ion diffusion into (lithiation) and out (delithiation) of these materials. Graphite dominates during phase transitions, while Si NPs dominate when graphite undergoes liquid-like Li⁺-ion diffusion. No change was observed in the overpotential with a Si NP content <12 wt-%, both at initial lithiation and at the end of delithiation. However, as the Si NP content increased to 15 wt-% the lithium-ion diffusion lowered, reducing the graphite-based anodes' rate capability.

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引用次数: 0

Direct deposition of catalyst layers on polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) for fuel cells with controlled platinum distribution by inkjet printing

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236503

Dana Mitra , Kathleen Heinrich , Sophia Gierse , Christian Zeiner , Frank Siegel , Andreas Willert , Ralf Zichner

This paper discusses the use of inkjet printing technology for the direct deposition of catalyst layers onto 8 μm or 15 μm thick polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) with the view to industrial production. Here, the challenges in applying larger material quantities within a few seconds and the impact on the homogeneity of the catalyst layers and the platinum distribution is presented. Different approaches for the deposition and drying of the catalyst material as well as detailed investigations of the printed layers are conducted. As result, a sequential deposition of defined smaller material quantities to a 12 cm² area is an expedient approach to control and restrict the flow of wet material and achieve homogeneous catalyst layers directly on these thin membranes with least swelling and minor crack formation. As a quality control, micro X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements were carried out and reveal a drastically reduced material agglomeration and therefore, a uniform platinum distribution for the mentioned printing approach. Furthermore, the electrochemical analysis in terms of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the resulting O₂ diffusion resistances as well as protonic resistance and the U-I-characteristics reveal a clear trend of the performance depending on the platinum loading, number of printed layers and porosity. By implementing the most favorable printing approach, a current density of 1.58 A/cm² at 0.6 V cell voltage with a peak power density of 1.21 W/cm² could be achieved.

{"title":"Direct deposition of catalyst layers on polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) for fuel cells with controlled platinum distribution by inkjet printing","authors":"Dana Mitra , Kathleen Heinrich , Sophia Gierse , Christian Zeiner , Frank Siegel , Andreas Willert , Ralf Zichner","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper discusses the use of inkjet printing technology for the direct deposition of catalyst layers onto 8 μm or 15 μm thick polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) with the view to industrial production. Here, the challenges in applying larger material quantities within a few seconds and the impact on the homogeneity of the catalyst layers and the platinum distribution is presented. Different approaches for the deposition and drying of the catalyst material as well as detailed investigations of the printed layers are conducted. As result, a sequential deposition of defined smaller material quantities to a 12 cm<sup>2</sup> area is an expedient approach to control and restrict the flow of wet material and achieve homogeneous catalyst layers directly on these thin membranes with least swelling and minor crack formation. As a quality control, micro X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements were carried out and reveal a drastically reduced material agglomeration and therefore, a uniform platinum distribution for the mentioned printing approach. Furthermore, the electrochemical analysis in terms of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the resulting O<sub>2</sub> diffusion resistances as well as protonic resistance and the U-I-characteristics reveal a clear trend of the performance depending on the platinum loading, number of printed layers and porosity. By implementing the most favorable printing approach, a current density of 1.58 A/cm<sup>2</sup> at 0.6 V cell voltage with a peak power density of 1.21 W/cm<sup>2</sup> could be achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"638 ","pages":"Article 236503"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surface engineering to upgrade spent LiCoO2 by removing Al impurity

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236655

Xulin Mu , Enhua Dong , Kai Huang , Chao Li , Jingzi Liu , Manling Sui , Pengfei Yan

Developing rational regeneration protocol to upgrade spent cathode material for their usage in next generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can alleviate resource stress and benefit environment and carbon neutrality. This work demonstrates that direct regeneration of spent LiCoO₂(LCO) encounters the negative effects of Al impurity, which is a common impurity in the spent LIB materials introduced during battery cycling and disassembly process. Our microanalysis show that Al impurity tends to segregate on the LCO surface during the direct regeneration process, which not only causes poor surface regeneration but also degenerates the surface modification effect for upgrading purpose. We therefore propose a one-pot protocol by using a bifunctional solution to realize Al impurity removal and Ti surface coating simultaneously, which successfully upgrade the spent LCO for high voltage and high-power usage. The upgraded LCO cathode can achieve 90 % and 97 % capacity retentions at 0.2C and 2C rates after 2.8–4.5 V 100 cycles, and their initial specific capacity is 180 mAh/g and 149 mAh/g, respectively. The microstructure characterizations in this work provide in-depth understanding of the direct regeneration process, which is essential for understanding and optimizing the recycling process. Further economic analysis show that the established regeneration protocol holds promise for realizing large-scale industrial recycling process of spent LCO.

{"title":"Surface engineering to upgrade spent LiCoO2 by removing Al impurity","authors":"Xulin Mu , Enhua Dong , Kai Huang , Chao Li , Jingzi Liu , Manling Sui , Pengfei Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing rational regeneration protocol to upgrade spent cathode material for their usage in next generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can alleviate resource stress and benefit environment and carbon neutrality. This work demonstrates that direct regeneration of spent LiCoO<sub>2</sub>(LCO) encounters the negative effects of Al impurity, which is a common impurity in the spent LIB materials introduced during battery cycling and disassembly process. Our microanalysis show that Al impurity tends to segregate on the LCO surface during the direct regeneration process, which not only causes poor surface regeneration but also degenerates the surface modification effect for upgrading purpose. We therefore propose a one-pot protocol by using a bifunctional solution to realize Al impurity removal and Ti surface coating simultaneously, which successfully upgrade the spent LCO for high voltage and high-power usage. The upgraded LCO cathode can achieve 90 % and 97 % capacity retentions at 0.2C and 2C rates after 2.8–4.5 V 100 cycles, and their initial specific capacity is 180 mAh/g and 149 mAh/g, respectively. The microstructure characterizations in this work provide in-depth understanding of the direct regeneration process, which is essential for understanding and optimizing the recycling process. Further economic analysis show that the established regeneration protocol holds promise for realizing large-scale industrial recycling process of spent LCO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"638 ","pages":"Article 236655"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Controllable etching Co/Fe-based Prussian blue analogue promoting uniform Li+ plating/stripping behavior for lithium metal batteries

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236634

Junlong Feng, Le Hu, Xiaowei Wu, Ziqin Liu, Kaiquan He, Pu Hu, Chaoqun Shang

The uncontrollable Li dendrite accumulation accompanied by low Coulombic efficiency severely hampers the sustainable and practical application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). To tune the uneven Li⁺ flux caused by irregular pores on commercial separator and realize modulated Li⁺ plating/stripping behaviors, in this work, we report the modification of commercial polypropylene separator with etched Co/Fe-based Prussian blue analogue (PP@PBA-X, X represents the HCl etching time). The optimal PBA-4 with acid etching for 4 h possesses regulated micro-/meso-/macro-porous structure, which ensures homogeneous Li⁺ flow of PP@PBA-4 with high Li⁺ transference number of 0.76 and further hinders the growth of Li dendrites. With the assistance of PP@PBA-4, the Li||Li cell shows stable cycling performance for 500 h at 1 mA cm⁻² with fixed specific capacity of 1 mAh cm⁻², while the full Li-S battery with limited Li supply delivers favorable cycling stability for almost 430 cycles with 60 % capacity retention and high Coulombic efficiency of 99.95 % at current density of 500 mAg⁻¹.

{"title":"Controllable etching Co/Fe-based Prussian blue analogue promoting uniform Li+ plating/stripping behavior for lithium metal batteries","authors":"Junlong Feng, Le Hu, Xiaowei Wu, Ziqin Liu, Kaiquan He, Pu Hu, Chaoqun Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The uncontrollable Li dendrite accumulation accompanied by low Coulombic efficiency severely hampers the sustainable and practical application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). To tune the uneven Li<sup>+</sup> flux caused by irregular pores on commercial separator and realize modulated Li<sup>+</sup> plating/stripping behaviors, in this work, we report the modification of commercial polypropylene separator with etched Co/Fe-based Prussian blue analogue (PP@PBA-X, X represents the HCl etching time). The optimal PBA-4 with acid etching for 4 h possesses regulated micro-/meso-/macro-porous structure, which ensures homogeneous Li<sup>+</sup> flow of PP@PBA-4 with high Li<sup>+</sup> transference number of 0.76 and further hinders the growth of Li dendrites. With the assistance of PP@PBA-4, the Li||Li cell shows stable cycling performance for 500 h at 1 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> with fixed specific capacity of 1 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup>, while the full Li-S battery with limited Li supply delivers favorable cycling stability for almost 430 cycles with 60 % capacity retention and high Coulombic efficiency of 99.95 % at current density of 500 mAg<sup>−1</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"638 ","pages":"Article 236634"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wind turbine power fluctuation test protocol for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236485

Fabian Pascher, Lennard Giesenberg, Carlos Cateriano Yáñez, Matthias Huhn, Wolfram Münchgesang

This study investigates the laboratory implementation of operating a catalyst coated proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer with a fluctuating wind turbine power supply. A detailed method to determine typical wind power conversion for electrochemical water splitting is provided and summarized as a repeatable and scalable electrical power fluctuation test protocol. It contains an annual wind speed distribution as a reference day of wind turbine power supply. To check the reproducibility of the reference day operation, this performance test protocol is carried out isothermally at 80 °C, isobarically at 1 atm, and galvanodynamically at intervals of 10 s. The specified power supply is compared with the actual measured power flow through the electrolyzer cell. Subsequent operation phenomena, like hydrogen impurities within the oxygen stream, are evaluated. To learn more about the reproducibility of the fluctuation effects on performance, the test protocol is run five times on comparable single cell setups and fluctuation intensities. To gain general knowledge about the impact of fluctuating power supply, one additional constant test protocol is run at the average current density of the wind turbine derived test protocol. Complementary condition monitoring by polarization curves returns indicators about the voltage efficiency of the cell components. The electrochemical condition is observed at the beginning, the middle, and the end of test. The current efficiency is monitored as well. The phenomenological description of the fluctuation-dependent performance change provides a summary of the reproducible effects of wind power supply on electrochemical cells during their initial four days of operation.

{"title":"Wind turbine power fluctuation test protocol for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis","authors":"Fabian Pascher, Lennard Giesenberg, Carlos Cateriano Yáñez, Matthias Huhn, Wolfram Münchgesang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the laboratory implementation of operating a catalyst coated proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer with a fluctuating wind turbine power supply. A detailed method to determine typical wind power conversion for electrochemical water splitting is provided and summarized as a repeatable and scalable electrical power fluctuation test protocol. It contains an annual wind speed distribution as a reference day of wind turbine power supply. To check the reproducibility of the reference day operation, this performance test protocol is carried out isothermally at 80°C, isobarically at 1 atm, and galvanodynamically at intervals of 10s. The specified power supply is compared with the actual measured power flow through the electrolyzer cell. Subsequent operation phenomena, like hydrogen impurities within the oxygen stream, are evaluated. To learn more about the reproducibility of the fluctuation effects on performance, the test protocol is run five times on comparable single cell setups and fluctuation intensities. To gain general knowledge about the impact of fluctuating power supply, one additional constant test protocol is run at the average current density of the wind turbine derived test protocol. Complementary condition monitoring by polarization curves returns indicators about the voltage efficiency of the cell components. The electrochemical condition is observed at the beginning, the middle, and the end of test. The current efficiency is monitored as well. The phenomenological description of the fluctuation-dependent performance change provides a summary of the reproducible effects of wind power supply on electrochemical cells during their initial four days of operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"638 ","pages":"Article 236485"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0