Louis Krog, K. Sperling, M. K. Svangren, Frede Hvelplund
In the transition towards 4th generation district heating (4GDH), supply and demand side measures have to be coordinated better than in previous generations of district heating (DH). Building’s heat demand has to be reduced, and heating installations as well as consumer behaviour have to be adapted so as to be compatible with and support lower network temperatures. It is therefore necessary to investigate and understand how consumers can be meaningfully and strategically included in the transition towards 4GDH. This paper provides a literature review of the consumer levels role in 4GDH in the transition towards 100% renewable energy systems. Current literature of 4GDH have been investigated to identify the connection and involvement of consumers in the transition. Even though consumers within the existing building mass have a large role in the transition in terms of heat savings and instalment of energy efficient technologies in the buildings are almost none of the scientific literature addressing how these actions should be implemented at consumer level. From the results of the analysis it is recommended that further research should investigate how to strengthen the coordination between supply and demand sides in order to secure the right initiatives are implemented in the right order.
{"title":"Consumer involvement in the transition to 4th generation district heating","authors":"Louis Krog, K. Sperling, M. K. Svangren, Frede Hvelplund","doi":"10.5278/IJSEPM.4627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5278/IJSEPM.4627","url":null,"abstract":"In the transition towards 4th generation district heating (4GDH), supply and demand side measures have to be coordinated better than in previous generations of district heating (DH). Building’s heat demand has to be reduced, and heating installations as well as consumer behaviour have to be adapted so as to be compatible with and support lower network temperatures. It is therefore necessary to investigate and understand how consumers can be meaningfully and strategically included in the transition towards 4GDH. This paper provides a literature review of the consumer levels role in 4GDH in the transition towards 100% renewable energy systems. Current literature of 4GDH have been investigated to identify the connection and involvement of consumers in the transition. Even though consumers within the existing building mass have a large role in the transition in terms of heat savings and instalment of energy efficient technologies in the buildings are almost none of the scientific literature addressing how these actions should be implemented at consumer level. From the results of the analysis it is recommended that further research should investigate how to strengthen the coordination between supply and demand sides in order to secure the right initiatives are implemented in the right order.","PeriodicalId":37803,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management","volume":"29 1","pages":"141-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48562541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is dedicated to comparing the levelized operating costs of various types of power units and energy carriers for electric vehicles: battery systems, hydrogen-air fuel cells, and aluminum-air electrochemical generators. The operating cost considers the power unit itself, energy carrier, and associated charging infrastructure. Each electric vehicle type was calculated in two versions: a passenger electric car and a light duty commercial truck. It is shown that the most cost effective power unit is an aluminum-air generator. Its levelized operating cost is 1.5–2 times lower toward a battery system and 3–4 times lower toward fuel cells. The advantage of aluminum as energy carrier is the low cost and simple design of the corresponding power unit and charging infrastructure compared to those for battery and hydrogen power units. Aluminum recycling is key to its efficient use, this concept may become competitive in the aluminum-producing countries.
{"title":"Comparative Economic Analysis for Different Types of Electric Vehicles","authors":"E. Buzoverov, A. Zhuk","doi":"10.5278/IJSEPM.3831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5278/IJSEPM.3831","url":null,"abstract":"This study is dedicated to comparing the levelized operating costs of various types of power units and energy carriers for electric vehicles: battery systems, hydrogen-air fuel cells, and aluminum-air electrochemical generators. The operating cost considers the power unit itself, energy carrier, and associated charging infrastructure. Each electric vehicle type was calculated in two versions: a passenger electric car and a light duty commercial truck. It is shown that the most cost effective power unit is an aluminum-air generator. Its levelized operating cost is 1.5–2 times lower toward a battery system and 3–4 times lower toward fuel cells. The advantage of aluminum as energy carrier is the low cost and simple design of the corresponding power unit and charging infrastructure compared to those for battery and hydrogen power units. Aluminum recycling is key to its efficient use, this concept may become competitive in the aluminum-producing countries.","PeriodicalId":37803,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management","volume":"29 1","pages":"57-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49249908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. S. Qarnain, Muthuvel Sattanatha, Bathrinath Sankaranarayanan
Because residential buildings consume significant reserves of energy, they are among the largest contributors to climate change. Carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from buildings have negatively impacted the environment. In response, institutions around the globe have issued policies and regulations to minimize climate change problems, and while these policies have succeeded to some extent, additional factors are present that need greater attention. Among these additional factors are social inequality and environmental injustice in society, both of which must be analysed thoroughly before solutions can be suggested. This research work seeks to examine these factors and their effects; we analyse the factors that cause social inequality and injustice and we correlate those factors to the implementation of energy policies. We then pursue how these actions have consequences in civil society. Results show that some 15 social inequality factors are omnipresent, but the top three include: i) the limited participation of women in environmental campaigns, ii) variances in the adoption of building energy regulations across the globe, and iii) ethnic/racial discrimination with regard to how environmental safety is prioritized. We analyse these factors through the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy methodology, and our results are statistically validated through sensitivity analysis and a consistency check.
{"title":"Analysis of social inequality factors in implementation of building energy conservation policies using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process Methodology","authors":"S. S. Qarnain, Muthuvel Sattanatha, Bathrinath Sankaranarayanan","doi":"10.5278/IJSEPM.3616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5278/IJSEPM.3616","url":null,"abstract":"Because residential buildings consume significant reserves of energy, they are among the largest contributors to climate change. Carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from buildings have negatively impacted the environment. In response, institutions around the globe have issued policies and regulations to minimize climate change problems, and while these policies have succeeded to some extent, additional factors are present that need greater attention. Among these additional factors are social inequality and environmental injustice in society, both of which must be analysed thoroughly before solutions can be suggested. This research work seeks to examine these factors and their effects; we analyse the factors that cause social inequality and injustice and we correlate those factors to the implementation of energy policies. We then pursue how these actions have consequences in civil society. Results show that some 15 social inequality factors are omnipresent, but the top three include: i) the limited participation of women in environmental campaigns, ii) variances in the adoption of building energy regulations across the globe, and iii) ethnic/racial discrimination with regard to how environmental safety is prioritized. We analyse these factors through the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy methodology, and our results are statistically validated through sensitivity analysis and a consistency check.","PeriodicalId":37803,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management","volume":"29 1","pages":"153-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45146298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurgeldy Praliyev, Kassym Zhunis, Y. Kalel, Dinara Dikhanbayeva, L. Rojas-Solórzano
Kazakhstan is currently committed to develop its renewable energy resources. In 2012, the government introduced a low-carbon energy strategy to reduce the production of air pollutants, including anthropogenic CO2e, and to increase the share of clean energy up to 50% of total consumption by 2050. As a contribution to this strategy, this paper presents a comparison in techno-economic performance of three scenarios. The differentiation will be between currently implemented fixed-slope on-grid PV power plants in Kazakhstan and proxy similar solar parks using one- or two-axis solar tracking systems. This paper aims to determine to what extent the more effective, but more expensive tracking systems might be a suitable standard in future PV power stations in the country. For this purpose, the existent fixed-slope 50 MWp Burnoye-1 commercial solar power plant located in Jambyl region, Kazakhstan, is used as a benchmark. As expected, solar panels with tracking systems produce more electricity year-round compared to those with fixed slopes. In comparison, one- and two-axis tracking systems led almost to the same amount of electricity export to the grid. Furthermore, despite the proxy PV power stations with one- and two-axis tracking technology could reduce around 10 ktCO2e emissions per year. This 25 to 29% and 33 to 33% ratio of extra-cost to extra-energy production, respectively, made both tracking scenarios not economically competitive compared to fixed panels. Nevertheless, if a tracking system has to be considered to further reduce GHG emissions and add extra annual electricity generation using current installed capacity of Burnoye-I, our results demonstrated that one-axis tracking should be preferred above two-axis system.
{"title":"Impact of One- and Two-axis Solar Tracking on Techno-Economic Viability of On-Grid PV Systems: Case of Burnoye-1, Kazakhstan","authors":"Nurgeldy Praliyev, Kassym Zhunis, Y. Kalel, Dinara Dikhanbayeva, L. Rojas-Solórzano","doi":"10.5278/IJSEPM.3665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5278/IJSEPM.3665","url":null,"abstract":"Kazakhstan is currently committed to develop its renewable energy resources. In 2012, the government introduced a low-carbon energy strategy to reduce the production of air pollutants, including anthropogenic CO2e, and to increase the share of clean energy up to 50% of total consumption by 2050. As a contribution to this strategy, this paper presents a comparison in techno-economic performance of three scenarios. The differentiation will be between currently implemented fixed-slope on-grid PV power plants in Kazakhstan and proxy similar solar parks using one- or two-axis solar tracking systems. This paper aims to determine to what extent the more effective, but more expensive tracking systems might be a suitable standard in future PV power stations in the country. For this purpose, the existent fixed-slope 50 MWp Burnoye-1 commercial solar power plant located in Jambyl region, Kazakhstan, is used as a benchmark. As expected, solar panels with tracking systems produce more electricity year-round compared to those with fixed slopes. In comparison, one- and two-axis tracking systems led almost to the same amount of electricity export to the grid. Furthermore, despite the proxy PV power stations with one- and two-axis tracking technology could reduce around 10 ktCO2e emissions per year. This 25 to 29% and 33 to 33% ratio of extra-cost to extra-energy production, respectively, made both tracking scenarios not economically competitive compared to fixed panels. Nevertheless, if a tracking system has to be considered to further reduce GHG emissions and add extra annual electricity generation using current installed capacity of Burnoye-I, our results demonstrated that one-axis tracking should be preferred above two-axis system.","PeriodicalId":37803,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management","volume":"29 1","pages":"79-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42038913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Europe is facing a great technical and regulatory challenge in transitioning the energy supply from fossil fuels to sustainable renewables. Within the heating sector, the Heat Roadmap Europe studies has demonstrated large potentials and benefits from expanding district heating (DH) throughout the continent. However, as a monopoly structure, district heating grids require well thought-out regulatory regimes to be accepted by cities and consumers. Founded upon the approach of concrete institutional economics, this paper contributes to the literature on DH regulation by reviewing and describing regulatory experiences across Europe. The paper demonstrates that a wide range of regulatory mechanisms are available for implementing DH.
{"title":"Review and experiences of price regulation regimes for district heating","authors":"O. Odgaard, S. Djørup","doi":"10.5278/IJSEPM.3824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5278/IJSEPM.3824","url":null,"abstract":"Europe is facing a great technical and regulatory challenge in transitioning the energy supply from fossil fuels to sustainable renewables. Within the heating sector, the Heat Roadmap Europe studies has demonstrated large potentials and benefits from expanding district heating (DH) throughout the continent. However, as a monopoly structure, district heating grids require well thought-out regulatory regimes to be accepted by cities and consumers. Founded upon the approach of concrete institutional economics, this paper contributes to the literature on DH regulation by reviewing and describing regulatory experiences across Europe. The paper demonstrates that a wide range of regulatory mechanisms are available for implementing DH.","PeriodicalId":37803,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management","volume":"29 1","pages":"127-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47227978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This editorial introduces the main findings from the 29th Volume of the International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management. The issue includes both contributions to the 2019 Sustainable Development of Energy Water and Environmental Systems conference and ordinary journal submissions. In either case, the research is centred on sustainable development using renewable energy systems – with particular attention to technology assessment, pricing & regulation and systems analyses. Case studies and model development from Austria, Cape Verde, Columbia, and Iran are presented – with varying focal points. Different drive trains for the electrification of the transportation sector are assessed. Lastly, pricing regimes for evolving district heating systems as well as consumer involvement in 4th generation district heating and social factors for implementing building energy conservation policy are considered
{"title":"Sustainable Development using renewable energy systems","authors":"P. A. Østergaard, R. Johannsen, N. Duić","doi":"10.5278/IJSEPM.4302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5278/IJSEPM.4302","url":null,"abstract":"This editorial introduces the main findings from the 29th Volume of the International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management. The issue includes both contributions to the 2019 Sustainable Development of Energy Water and Environmental Systems conference and ordinary journal submissions. In either case, the research is centred on sustainable development using renewable energy systems – with particular attention to technology assessment, pricing & regulation and systems analyses. Case studies and model development from Austria, Cape Verde, Columbia, and Iran are presented – with varying focal points. Different drive trains for the electrification of the transportation sector are assessed. Lastly, pricing regimes for evolving district heating systems as well as consumer involvement in 4th generation district heating and social factors for implementing building energy conservation policy are considered","PeriodicalId":37803,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47022615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isolated power systems have emerged as a practical substitute to grid extension for electrification of remote areas. The environmental hazards associated with conventional sources of energy like diesel and coal has forced system planners to resort to renewable energy sources(RES) based technologies such as solar and wind. Increased penetration of RES can effectively cut down system operating costs but can create reliability issues owing to their unpredictable nature. The risk of lower reliability standards can significantly hamper utilization of these sources on large scale. Thus an effective backup system is needed in order to ensure reliability standards. The backup is provided either by diesel generators or energy storage systems. The intermittent nature and cost intensive structure of RES based DGs makes it essential to perform sensitivity analyses for optimal system planning. In this paper, reliability and cost based sizing of solar-wind-battery storage system has been carried out for an Isolated hybrid power system(IHPS). Sensitivity analyses are performed by studying the effect of addition/removal of RES based DGs and storage units on system reliability. Considering variable nature of solar and wind sources, modelling of solar irradiance, wind speed and generator availability has been done using appropriate probability density functions. Dual reliability indices have been used for determining system reliability. For solving optimal sizing problem, a stochastic optimization technique Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) has been employed. A new index termed as Incremental cost of reliability has been utilized in order to assess the additional investment required to improve reliability standards. Optimal sizing study in conjunction with sensitivity analyses facilitates a deeper insight into system planning.
{"title":"Reliability constrained planning and sensitivity analysis for Solar-Wind-Battery based Isolated Power System","authors":"P. Paliwal","doi":"10.5278/IJSEPM.4599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5278/IJSEPM.4599","url":null,"abstract":"Isolated power systems have emerged as a practical substitute to grid extension for electrification of remote areas. The environmental hazards associated with conventional sources of energy like diesel and coal has forced system planners to resort to renewable energy sources(RES) based technologies such as solar and wind. Increased penetration of RES can effectively cut down system operating costs but can create reliability issues owing to their unpredictable nature. The risk of lower reliability standards can significantly hamper utilization of these sources on large scale. Thus an effective backup system is needed in order to ensure reliability standards. The backup is provided either by diesel generators or energy storage systems. \u0000The intermittent nature and cost intensive structure of RES based DGs makes it essential to perform sensitivity analyses for optimal system planning. In this paper, reliability and cost based sizing of solar-wind-battery storage system has been carried out for an Isolated hybrid power system(IHPS). Sensitivity analyses are performed by studying the effect of addition/removal of RES based DGs and storage units on system reliability. Considering variable nature of solar and wind sources, modelling of solar irradiance, wind speed and generator availability has been done using appropriate probability density functions. Dual reliability indices have been used for determining system reliability. For solving optimal sizing problem, a stochastic optimization technique Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) has been employed. A new index termed as Incremental cost of reliability has been utilized in order to assess the additional investment required to improve reliability standards. Optimal sizing study in conjunction with sensitivity analyses facilitates a deeper insight into system planning.","PeriodicalId":37803,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management","volume":"29 1","pages":"109-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48507431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Indian Power Sector(IPS) is under gradual transition from over-reliant fossil fuel (62%) to Sustainable Energy Source(SES), primarily to achieve targets of SDGs and the Paris Agreement to base 40% of the total power generation capacity on non-fossil fuel resources by 2030. In this context, the solar power generation is on the fast-track whereas, hydropower development is lagging behind due to various reasons causing time and cost escalation, hence the sustainability of IPS in terms of flexibility and reliability in integration with other Renewable Energy Source will remain a challenge. With this concern, the focus of this study is to (i) analyze and prioritize the hydropower potential (HPP) in the Indian Himalayan Region, (ii) identify the prime constraints in the way of hydropower development and (iii) discuss the way-forward for sustainable planning of hydropower development whilst appropriately managing time & cost over-runs including socio-environmental concerns. The methodology involves literature review and analysis of secondary data about IPS, hydropower resources and project-specific risks prevalent in ongoing HEPs in India. The result shows that the Indian Himalayan Region has enough (73%) balance HPP in 12 different States; sustainable harnessing of which requiresproper addressing of the prime constraints viz., multiple public consultations in clearance process, litigations, high investment, socio-political and contractual issues, mainly through procedural reforms by the State Governments which have constitutional right over land and water in the federal structure of India. The finding of study will be useful for planning process of entrepreneurs, investors and policy makers in the direction to achieve the target of SES beyond India’s Nationally Determined Contribution.
{"title":"A planning perspective on Hydropower Development in the Indian Himalayan Region","authors":"Manoj Kumar Singh","doi":"10.5278/IJSEPM.4304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5278/IJSEPM.4304","url":null,"abstract":"The Indian Power Sector(IPS) is under gradual transition from over-reliant fossil fuel (62%) to Sustainable Energy Source(SES), primarily to achieve targets of SDGs and the Paris Agreement to base 40% of the total power generation capacity on non-fossil fuel resources by 2030. In this context, the solar power generation is on the fast-track whereas, hydropower development is lagging behind due to various reasons causing time and cost escalation, hence the sustainability of IPS in terms of flexibility and reliability in integration with other Renewable Energy Source will remain a challenge. With this concern, the focus of this study is to (i) analyze and prioritize the hydropower potential (HPP) in the Indian Himalayan Region, (ii) identify the prime constraints in the way of hydropower development and (iii) discuss the way-forward for sustainable planning of hydropower development whilst appropriately managing time & cost over-runs including socio-environmental concerns. The methodology involves literature review and analysis of secondary data about IPS, hydropower resources and project-specific risks prevalent in ongoing HEPs in India. The result shows that the Indian Himalayan Region has enough (73%) balance HPP in 12 different States; sustainable harnessing of which requiresproper addressing of the prime constraints viz., multiple public consultations in clearance process, litigations, high investment, socio-political and contractual issues, mainly through procedural reforms by the State Governments which have constitutional right over land and water in the federal structure of India. The finding of study will be useful for planning process of entrepreneurs, investors and policy makers in the direction to achieve the target of SES beyond India’s Nationally Determined Contribution.","PeriodicalId":37803,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management","volume":"28 1","pages":"89-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48311360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Community participation (CP) is emphasized in the planning and implementation of the various projects and sector. Renewable energy (RE) sector like other sectors requires community participation for its effectiveness and efficiency. This review aims at exploring the community participation in the renewable sector in Tanzania. Five themes were identified for through literature review where a Seven-Step Model for comprehensive literature review was used. These themes include (i) access to information on RE resources; (ii) community awareness of the RE technologies and related policies, laws, and regulations; (iii) RE as the source of employment opportunities; and (iv) RE as an alternative to fossil fuels and for poverty alleviation. These study revealed that despite the different efforts taken by the government and other energy stakeholders the community still lack enough information and awareness about renewable energy technologies, institutional and regulatory framework. However, the interesting issue is that renewable energy sectors play an important role in providing employment opportunities to the local communities. Moreover, the use of renewable energy has contributed to poverty alleviation. For instance, hydropower has an increase in electricity supply, solar energy has improved the local households’ standard of living, education and health services. It is recommended that the government and other energy stakeholders should cooperate to provide more information and awareness of renewable energy technologies to the community. This should be accompanied by the introduction of the national policy and law which is specifically for renewable energy to enable its development. Community participation (CP) is emphasized in the planning and implementation of the various projects and sector. Renewable energy (RE) sector like other sectors requires community participation for its effectiveness and efficiency. This review aims at exploring the community participation in the renewable sector in Tanzania. Five themes were identified for through literature review where a Seven-Step Model for comprehensive literature review was used. These themes include (i) access to information on RE resources; (ii) community awareness of the RE technologies and related policies, laws, and regulations; (iii) RE as the source of employment opportunities; and (iv) RE as an alternative to fossil fuels and for poverty alleviation. These study revealed that despite the different efforts taken by the government and other energy stakeholders the community still lack enough information and awareness about renewable energy technologies, institutional and regulatory framework. However, the interesting issue is that renewable energy sectors play an important role in providing employment opportunities to the local communities. Moreover, the use of renewable energy has contributed to poverty alleviation. For instance, hydropower has an increase in electricity supply, solar energy has
{"title":"Community participation in the renewable energy sector in Tanzania: Community participation in the renewable energy sector","authors":"O. K. Bishoge, G. Kombe, B. N. Mvile","doi":"10.5278/IJSEPM.4477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5278/IJSEPM.4477","url":null,"abstract":"Community participation (CP) is emphasized in the planning and implementation of the various projects and sector. Renewable energy (RE) sector like other sectors requires community participation for its effectiveness and efficiency. This review aims at exploring the community participation in the renewable sector in Tanzania. Five themes were identified for through literature review where a Seven-Step Model for comprehensive literature review was used. These themes include (i) access to information on RE resources; (ii) community awareness of the RE technologies and related policies, laws, and regulations; (iii) RE as the source of employment opportunities; and (iv) RE as an alternative to fossil fuels and for poverty alleviation. These study revealed that despite the different efforts taken by the government and other energy stakeholders the community still lack enough information and awareness about renewable energy technologies, institutional and regulatory framework. However, the interesting issue is that renewable energy sectors play an important role in providing employment opportunities to the local communities. Moreover, the use of renewable energy has contributed to poverty alleviation. For instance, hydropower has an increase in electricity supply, solar energy has improved the local households’ standard of living, education and health services. It is recommended that the government and other energy stakeholders should cooperate to provide more information and awareness of renewable energy technologies to the community. This should be accompanied by the introduction of the national policy and law which is specifically for renewable energy to enable its development. \u0000Community participation (CP) is emphasized in the planning and implementation of the various projects and sector. Renewable energy (RE) sector like other sectors requires community participation for its effectiveness and efficiency. This review aims at exploring the community participation in the renewable sector in Tanzania. Five themes were identified for through literature review where a Seven-Step Model for comprehensive literature review was used. These themes include (i) access to information on RE resources; (ii) community awareness of the RE technologies and related policies, laws, and regulations; (iii) RE as the source of employment opportunities; and (iv) RE as an alternative to fossil fuels and for poverty alleviation. These study revealed that despite the different efforts taken by the government and other energy stakeholders the community still lack enough information and awareness about renewable energy technologies, institutional and regulatory framework. However, the interesting issue is that renewable energy sectors play an important role in providing employment opportunities to the local communities. Moreover, the use of renewable energy has contributed to poverty alleviation. For instance, hydropower has an increase in electricity supply, solar energy has","PeriodicalId":37803,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management","volume":"28 1","pages":"121-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48609714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unutilized pine needles are not only a significant issue of environmental hazards like recurrent forest fires and green house gas emission but also a wastage of resources. The pine needles can be used efficiently for electricity generation. In the present study, simulation research on a grid-connected, sustainable, biomass based hybrid energy system was conceived to examine the feasibility in the western Himalayan territory, and locally available abundant pine needle is used as biomass resource with solar and wind resources as a fuel. The Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software is used to model three distinct configurations of hybrid systems, PV/BM/Grid, PV/BM/WT/Grid, and only Grid for feeding electricity to selected educational building loads currently run by state grid. The analysis found that PV/BM/Grid has the lowest cost of energy 0.102 $/unit with TNPC $42081 and 83% renewable fraction at 0% capacity shortage. The environmental analysis shows that the proposed system will save around 27815 kg CO2/year (equated to the diesel-only system). The outcomes are found to be very pertinent to policy creators, hybrid system designers, and investors in the field of biomass-based hybrid renewable energy systems.
{"title":"Study of grid integrated biomass-based hybrid renewable energy systems for Himalayan terrain","authors":"Prashant Malik, M. Awasthi, Sunanda Sinha","doi":"10.5278/IJSEPM.3674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5278/IJSEPM.3674","url":null,"abstract":"Unutilized pine needles are not only a significant issue of environmental hazards like recurrent forest fires and green house gas emission but also a wastage of resources. The pine needles can be used efficiently for electricity generation. In the present study, simulation research on a grid-connected, sustainable, biomass based hybrid energy system was conceived to examine the feasibility in the western Himalayan territory, and locally available abundant pine needle is used as biomass resource with solar and wind resources as a fuel. The Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software is used to model three distinct configurations of hybrid systems, PV/BM/Grid, PV/BM/WT/Grid, and only Grid for feeding electricity to selected educational building loads currently run by state grid. The analysis found that PV/BM/Grid has the lowest cost of energy 0.102 $/unit with TNPC $42081 and 83% renewable fraction at 0% capacity shortage. The environmental analysis shows that the proposed system will save around 27815 kg CO2/year (equated to the diesel-only system). The outcomes are found to be very pertinent to policy creators, hybrid system designers, and investors in the field of biomass-based hybrid renewable energy systems.","PeriodicalId":37803,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management","volume":"28 1","pages":"71-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42407343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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