Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10801003
Jingrong Li
This paper uses recently discovered administrative and legal manuscripts to investigate the governance of newly conquered territories during the Qin unification, with the aim of examining Qin’s governing intentions and strategies, which were inextricably interwoven with its swift territorial expansion. The manuscripts demonstrate that the new territories experienced instability and crisis and that Qin had to address various administrative problems to achieve successful governance. The paper explores the flexible, pragmatic policies that Qin devised and adopted to suit the specific social and political circumstances of the new territories. These policies included the removal of native Qin people, laborers, criminals, soldiers, and officials from the old lands to the new lands, preferential and tolerant treatment of the new population, and enactment of laws made specifically for the new territories. The paper shows that although the Qin central government successfully imposed its own administrative system in the new territories with some compromises, there remained a considerable number of unstable and treacherous elements.
{"title":"The Governance of New Territories During the Qin Unification","authors":"Jingrong Li","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10801003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10801003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper uses recently discovered administrative and legal manuscripts to investigate the governance of newly conquered territories during the Qin unification, with the aim of examining Qin’s governing intentions and strategies, which were inextricably interwoven with its swift territorial expansion. The manuscripts demonstrate that the new territories experienced instability and crisis and that Qin had to address various administrative problems to achieve successful governance. The paper explores the flexible, pragmatic policies that Qin devised and adopted to suit the specific social and political circumstances of the new territories. These policies included the removal of native Qin people, laborers, criminals, soldiers, and officials from the old lands to the new lands, preferential and tolerant treatment of the new population, and enactment of laws made specifically for the new territories. The paper shows that although the Qin central government successfully imposed its own administrative system in the new territories with some compromises, there remained a considerable number of unstable and treacherous elements.","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115656238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10801011
Paul R. Goldin
{"title":"Remonstration als Institution: Ein Beitrag zum Herrschaftsverständnis im frühen chinesischen Kaiserreich, by Paul Fahr","authors":"Paul R. Goldin","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10801011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10801011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126625197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10801009
C. Yu
By tracing the vicissitudes of court ritual officials and related ritual institutions in the eleventh century, this article argues that the rise of Confucian ritualism was accompanied by the marginalization of ritual officials and institutions in the central government of the Northern Song (960–1127). After the mid-eleventh century, “learning-oriented ritualists,” who acquired their knowledge of court rituals mostly through Confucian ritual Classics, succeeded the fallen ritual officials to offer new insights and perspectives on court ritual reforms. During the late eleventh century, some ritualists, most of whom were associated with the intellectual circle of the celebrated reformer Wang Anshi 王安石 (1027–1086), gradually dominated the interpretation of court rituals. Their endeavors in redefining court rituals led to Zhu Xi’s 朱熹 (1130–1200) experimental reforms of both court and social rituals in the Southern Song (1127–1279), which profoundly shaped the society and culture of late imperial China.
{"title":"Ritual Officials and the Rise of Confucian Ritualism in the Eleventh Century","authors":"C. Yu","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10801009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10801009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 By tracing the vicissitudes of court ritual officials and related ritual institutions in the eleventh century, this article argues that the rise of Confucian ritualism was accompanied by the marginalization of ritual officials and institutions in the central government of the Northern Song (960–1127). After the mid-eleventh century, “learning-oriented ritualists,” who acquired their knowledge of court rituals mostly through Confucian ritual Classics, succeeded the fallen ritual officials to offer new insights and perspectives on court ritual reforms. During the late eleventh century, some ritualists, most of whom were associated with the intellectual circle of the celebrated reformer Wang Anshi 王安石 (1027–1086), gradually dominated the interpretation of court rituals. Their endeavors in redefining court rituals led to Zhu Xi’s 朱熹 (1130–1200) experimental reforms of both court and social rituals in the Southern Song (1127–1279), which profoundly shaped the society and culture of late imperial China.","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131394195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10801001
M. Bujard
{"title":"Modeling Peace. Royal Tombs and Political Ideology in Early China, by Jie Shi","authors":"M. Bujard","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10801001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10801001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123597634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10801012
Dominic Steavu
{"title":"Imperiled Destinies: The Daoist Quest for Deliverance in Medieval China, by Franciscus Verellen & Conjurer la destinée. Rétribution et délivrance dans le taoïsme médiéval, by Franciscus Verellen","authors":"Dominic Steavu","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10801012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10801012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125258999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10801004
A. Deblasi
{"title":"Shen Gua’s Empiricism, by Ya Zuo","authors":"A. Deblasi","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10801004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10801004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126708649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10801002
C. Lamouroux
{"title":"The Making of the Song Dynasty History : Sources and Narratives, 960-1279 CE, by Charles Hartman","authors":"C. Lamouroux","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10801002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10801002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132738699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10801008
Nathan Woolley
China’s period of disunion in the tenth century posed moral challenges to individuals navigating the complex and unstable political situation. Later historians exploited the ambiguities of these challenges in giving their own assessments of those times, resulting in a complex array of assertions on matters pertaining to the Southern Tang. Appraisal of the character of the official Xu Xuan includes criticism around his work on the history of the Southern Tang and his meetings with the Song emperor Taizu. Accounts of Xu Xuan’s conduct evolved in meaning over time as existing material found its way into new compilations and contexts. Tracing the course of these changes reveals how the history of the Southern Tang served the varying purposes of Song writers.
{"title":"Negotiating Dynastic Divide: The Textual Life of a Southern Tang Official Under the Song","authors":"Nathan Woolley","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10801008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10801008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 China’s period of disunion in the tenth century posed moral challenges to individuals navigating the complex and unstable political situation. Later historians exploited the ambiguities of these challenges in giving their own assessments of those times, resulting in a complex array of assertions on matters pertaining to the Southern Tang. Appraisal of the character of the official Xu Xuan includes criticism around his work on the history of the Southern Tang and his meetings with the Song emperor Taizu. Accounts of Xu Xuan’s conduct evolved in meaning over time as existing material found its way into new compilations and contexts. Tracing the course of these changes reveals how the history of the Southern Tang served the varying purposes of Song writers.","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115607469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-09DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10705002
O. Milburn
Beginning in the early imperial era, Chinese texts recorded instances of domestic violence perpetrated by women living in polygynous households. These acts of abuse were commonly understood to be the result of sexual jealousy. Marital disharmony was a cause of great concern to the elite, as a result of which legal and historical texts, as well as the literature of the period, provide a rich vein of evidence concerning domestic violence perpetrated by women. Furthermore, there are some surprisingly sympathetic accounts of the psychological pressures that led to such abuse by wives. As the importance of this material in the history of marital relationships and domestic life in China has been neglected, this study provides an overview of some of the key sources, particularly the recently discovered Han dynasty narrative poem, Wang Ji 妄稽.
{"title":"Jealousy and Domestic Violence by Women in Early and Medieval China","authors":"O. Milburn","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10705002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10705002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Beginning in the early imperial era, Chinese texts recorded instances of domestic violence perpetrated by women living in polygynous households. These acts of abuse were commonly understood to be the result of sexual jealousy. Marital disharmony was a cause of great concern to the elite, as a result of which legal and historical texts, as well as the literature of the period, provide a rich vein of evidence concerning domestic violence perpetrated by women. Furthermore, there are some surprisingly sympathetic accounts of the psychological pressures that led to such abuse by wives. As the importance of this material in the history of marital relationships and domestic life in China has been neglected, this study provides an overview of some of the key sources, particularly the recently discovered Han dynasty narrative poem, Wang Ji 妄稽.","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128321174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-09DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10705008
Hyewon Yi
{"title":"Eulogy for Burying a Crane and the Art of Chinese Calligraphy, by Lei Xue","authors":"Hyewon Yi","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10705008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10705008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114145771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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