Pub Date : 2021-12-09DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10705005
Aude Lucas
In the depiction and analysis of various transtextual sources and rewritings, this article discusses narratives of Chinese late imperial xiaoshuo that dealt with dreams perceived as equally important if not more valuable than waking life itself. The discourse of these dream stories aimed at underlining the significance of the value granted to dreams, and consequently how this perspective on dreams could affect one’s stance towards life itself. With an emphasis on the eighteenth century, examples comprise narratives from lesser-known collections, such as Xieduo 諧鐸 by Shen Qifeng (1740?–?), but the author also highlights earlier texts—Daoist classics, chuanqi 傳奇 of the Tang, and chuanqi of the Ming—which served as sources for these late imperial tales. Although the theme of life-long dreams is found across the centuries and literary genres, this article points to its various treatments, that differed according to time periods and authors’ personal concerns. It highlights a shift in “life-long dream” stories of the late imperial period towards a concern for private matters, depicted in a detached and/or light-hearted tone.
{"title":"Dreams as Life and Life as Dreams in Seventeenth and Eighteenth-Century xiaoshuo Narratives","authors":"Aude Lucas","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10705005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10705005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the depiction and analysis of various transtextual sources and rewritings, this article discusses narratives of Chinese late imperial xiaoshuo that dealt with dreams perceived as equally important if not more valuable than waking life itself. The discourse of these dream stories aimed at underlining the significance of the value granted to dreams, and consequently how this perspective on dreams could affect one’s stance towards life itself. With an emphasis on the eighteenth century, examples comprise narratives from lesser-known collections, such as Xieduo 諧鐸 by Shen Qifeng (1740?–?), but the author also highlights earlier texts—Daoist classics, chuanqi 傳奇 of the Tang, and chuanqi of the Ming—which served as sources for these late imperial tales. Although the theme of life-long dreams is found across the centuries and literary genres, this article points to its various treatments, that differed according to time periods and authors’ personal concerns. It highlights a shift in “life-long dream” stories of the late imperial period towards a concern for private matters, depicted in a detached and/or light-hearted tone.","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126646119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-09DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10705006
F. Constant
{"title":"Circulating the Code. Print Media and Legal Knowledge in Qing China, by Zhang Ting","authors":"F. Constant","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10705006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10705006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"247 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116577858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-09DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10705003
Olivier Boutonnet
Selon la tradition, Wei Huacun (251-334), ou plutôt sa figure déifiée, la Dame Wei du pic du Sud, est la matriarche fondatrice du courant taoïste de la Pureté supérieure, ou Shangqing, apparu au cours de la seconde moitié du IVe siècle de notre ère. Si l’ historicité de ce mouvement à la fin des Six Dynasties (220-589) a été abondamment étudiée, son évolution postérieure, en particulier sous les Tang (618-907), laisse encore apparaître des zones d’ ombre. L’ étude de la figure divine de la Dame Wei, à la fois sur le plan de son culte et sur celui des exercices spirituels auxquels elle était associée, contribue à mieux cerner les contours de cette tradition vivante. Elle permet également d’ affiner notre vision de sa praxis telle que les taoïstes, hommes et femmes, pouvaient se l’ approprier dans leur propre religiosité vis-à-vis de la religion instituée.
{"title":"La figure divine de Wei Huacun 魏華存 dans le taoïsme Shangqing au VIIIe siècle : la place du culte et la question du genre dans la pratique spirituelle","authors":"Olivier Boutonnet","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10705003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10705003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Selon la tradition, Wei Huacun (251-334), ou plutôt sa figure déifiée, la Dame Wei du pic du Sud, est la matriarche fondatrice du courant taoïste de la Pureté supérieure, ou Shangqing, apparu au cours de la seconde moitié du IVe siècle de notre ère. Si l’ historicité de ce mouvement à la fin des Six Dynasties (220-589) a été abondamment étudiée, son évolution postérieure, en particulier sous les Tang (618-907), laisse encore apparaître des zones d’ ombre. L’ étude de la figure divine de la Dame Wei, à la fois sur le plan de son culte et sur celui des exercices spirituels auxquels elle était associée, contribue à mieux cerner les contours de cette tradition vivante. Elle permet également d’ affiner notre vision de sa praxis telle que les taoïstes, hommes et femmes, pouvaient se l’ approprier dans leur propre religiosité vis-à-vis de la religion instituée.","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131625844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-09DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10705007
Isabelle Landry-Deron
{"title":"“A Model for All Christian Women”. Candida Xu, a Chinese Christian Woman of the Seventeenth Century, by Gail King","authors":"Isabelle Landry-Deron","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10705007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10705007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131960555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-09DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10705001
C. Tong
This essay revisits the territoriality of the Qin empire by examining the spatial division underneath its commandery-county system. With the universal implementation of centralized administration, scholars usually believe that the Qin empire exerted strong control across its territories. But new Qin sources suggest otherwise. It is evident that the Qin regime devised multiple schemes to structure its empire into three concentric zones with asymmetrical political relations. The respective features and functions of these zones were consonant with those of the center, semiperiphery, and periphery in the “core-periphery” model. The regime’s spatial strategy can be understood as a compromise made to accommodate the diverse landscape in different parts of its vast empire, especially in the newly conquered regions. This reminds us that despite having installed the unitary commandery-county system, the territorial control wielded by the Qin regime in its new territories was tenuous at best.
{"title":"The Construction of Territories in the Qin Empire","authors":"C. Tong","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10705001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10705001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This essay revisits the territoriality of the Qin empire by examining the spatial division underneath its commandery-county system. With the universal implementation of centralized administration, scholars usually believe that the Qin empire exerted strong control across its territories. But new Qin sources suggest otherwise. It is evident that the Qin regime devised multiple schemes to structure its empire into three concentric zones with asymmetrical political relations. The respective features and functions of these zones were consonant with those of the center, semiperiphery, and periphery in the “core-periphery” model. The regime’s spatial strategy can be understood as a compromise made to accommodate the diverse landscape in different parts of its vast empire, especially in the newly conquered regions. This reminds us that despite having installed the unitary commandery-county system, the territorial control wielded by the Qin regime in its new territories was tenuous at best.","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132009391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-09DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10705004
Lucas Rambo Bender
In recent decades, a significant amount of Western scholarship on traditional Chinese poetry and poetics has either proposed or assumed a vision of the art underwritten by the supposed “monism,” “nonduality,” and “immanence” of traditional Chinese worldviews. This essay argues that although these were important ideas in certain periods and contexts, they cannot be taken as unproblematically defining the world of thought in which poetry operated during the Tang dynasty. Instead, Tang writers more routinely drew in their discussions of art upon the epistemological tensions and discontinuities posited by medieval intellectual and religious traditions. For this reason, they often outlined models of poetry very different from those most common in contemporary criticism.
{"title":"Against the Monist Model of Tang Poetics","authors":"Lucas Rambo Bender","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10705004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10705004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In recent decades, a significant amount of Western scholarship on traditional Chinese poetry and poetics has either proposed or assumed a vision of the art underwritten by the supposed “monism,” “nonduality,” and “immanence” of traditional Chinese worldviews. This essay argues that although these were important ideas in certain periods and contexts, they cannot be taken as unproblematically defining the world of thought in which poetry operated during the Tang dynasty. Instead, Tang writers more routinely drew in their discussions of art upon the epistemological tensions and discontinuities posited by medieval intellectual and religious traditions. For this reason, they often outlined models of poetry very different from those most common in contemporary criticism.","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121418061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-08DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10703004
Elke Papelitzky
Many Chinese maps from the mid-sixteenth century onwards mark the Gobi Desert as a prominent strip visually separating China from what lies beyond. Even before that time, the Gobi, as well as the Taklamakan Desert appeared on maps. Influenced by statements from the early classic “Yugong,” Chinese scholars and Han literati during late imperial China’s history had perceived the deserts as some kind of boundary, while with the integration of these regions into Qing territory, the imperial Manchu view shifted away from the desert being a boundary. The terms for the desert as well as the graphical depiction on maps link the desert to water and to some extent also to celestial phenomena. This article explores the history and cultural significance of the desert from the Song to the mid-Qing period based on maps in relation with relevant texts and draws connections to the origins and changes of these depictions.
{"title":"Sand, Water, and Stars: Chinese Mapping of the Gobi and Taklamakan Deserts","authors":"Elke Papelitzky","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10703004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10703004","url":null,"abstract":"Many Chinese maps from the mid-sixteenth century onwards mark the Gobi Desert as a prominent strip visually separating China from what lies beyond. Even before that time, the Gobi, as well as the Taklamakan Desert appeared on maps. Influenced by statements from the early classic “Yugong,” Chinese scholars and Han literati during late imperial China’s history had perceived the deserts as some kind of boundary, while with the integration of these regions into Qing territory, the imperial Manchu view shifted away from the desert being a boundary. The terms for the desert as well as the graphical depiction on maps link the desert to water and to some extent also to celestial phenomena. This article explores the history and cultural significance of the desert from the Song to the mid-Qing period based on maps in relation with relevant texts and draws connections to the origins and changes of these depictions.","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115327650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-08DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10703012
F. Constant
In current scholarship, late imperial China’s criminal justice is mainly studied through judicial documents reviewed by the central administration, first and foremost the xingke tiben 刑科題本, or copies of routine memorials made by the censorial section of the Board of Punishments, as well as memorandum (shuotie 說帖) recorded in collections of cases. In this article, by contrast, I analyze a sample of more than forty dossiers on criminal cases constituted at the county level, for which the final judgment approved by the central administration is known. The reconstitution of the whole adjudication process shows that local magistrates often adapted the facts to fit the extant legal categories and commonly relied on model cases to craft their decisions. This pattern of administration of justice did not necessarily entail a miscarriage of justice and has its origin in a form of legal reasoning framed by the bureaucratic organization of late imperial Chinese justice.
{"title":"Thinking With Models: The Construction of Legal Cases as Reflected in Late Qing Local Archives","authors":"F. Constant","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10703012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10703012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In current scholarship, late imperial China’s criminal justice is mainly studied through judicial documents reviewed by the central administration, first and foremost the xingke tiben 刑科題本, or copies of routine memorials made by the censorial section of the Board of Punishments, as well as memorandum (shuotie 說帖) recorded in collections of cases. In this article, by contrast, I analyze a sample of more than forty dossiers on criminal cases constituted at the county level, for which the final judgment approved by the central administration is known. The reconstitution of the whole adjudication process shows that local magistrates often adapted the facts to fit the extant legal categories and commonly relied on model cases to craft their decisions. This pattern of administration of justice did not necessarily entail a miscarriage of justice and has its origin in a form of legal reasoning framed by the bureaucratic organization of late imperial Chinese justice.","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"602 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123204967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-08DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10703006
P. Goldin
The latest of Mark Edward Lewis ’ s thematically organized monographs, Honor and Shame in Early China, offers an intriguing survey of the culture of recognition in pre-Qin and Han China, addressing the complex relations between state- and non-state-based social models. It should find a welcome place in studies of early Chinese intellectual history, comparative empire, and even later East Asian popular literature, which often depicts the historical contexts that Honor and Shame addresses.
马克·爱德华·刘易斯(Mark Edward Lewis)的最新专著《中国早期的荣辱》(Honor and Shame in Early China)以主题为组织，对先秦和汉代中国的认知文化进行了有趣的调查，探讨了以国家为基础和以非国家为基础的社会模式之间的复杂关系。它应该在中国早期思想史、比较帝国、甚至后来的东亚通俗文学的研究中找到一个受欢迎的位置，这些文学经常描绘《荣誉与耻辱》所涉及的历史背景。
{"title":"Honor and Shame in Early China, by Mark Edward Lewis","authors":"P. Goldin","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10703006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10703006","url":null,"abstract":"The latest of Mark Edward Lewis ’ s thematically organized monographs, Honor and Shame in Early China, offers an intriguing survey of the culture of recognition in pre-Qin and Han China, addressing the complex relations between state- and non-state-based social models. It should find a welcome place in studies of early Chinese intellectual history, comparative empire, and even later East Asian popular literature, which often depicts the historical contexts that Honor and Shame addresses.","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124773685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-08DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10703003
Costantino Moretti
This essay explores the mechanisms linked to the production of specific mistakes and textual alterations in Dunhuang Buddhist manuscripts, which provide information of codicological interest, in particular on the formal characteristics of a manuscript archetype, on its production phases/techniques, and its formal evolution. It also draws attention to the importance of surveying the alterations in the arrangement of textual and paratextual elements by means of a structural analysis revealing manuscript filiation based on formal characteristics, an approach that can help to explore not only the codicological evolution of a book in manuscript form, but also its philological ties with branches of a specific tradition.
{"title":"Scribal Errors and “Layout Genetics” in Dunhuang Buddhist Manuscripts","authors":"Costantino Moretti","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10703003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10703003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This essay explores the mechanisms linked to the production of specific mistakes and textual alterations in Dunhuang Buddhist manuscripts, which provide information of codicological interest, in particular on the formal characteristics of a manuscript archetype, on its production phases/techniques, and its formal evolution. It also draws attention to the importance of surveying the alterations in the arrangement of textual and paratextual elements by means of a structural analysis revealing manuscript filiation based on formal characteristics, an approach that can help to explore not only the codicological evolution of a book in manuscript form, but also its philological ties with branches of a specific tradition.","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133669632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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