Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100706
Achmad Rifa’i
Commodity downstreaming is a key strategy in increasing value added and driving structural transformation of the economy in Indonesia. This study investigates economic impact of palm oil downstreaming policies in North Sumatra using the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) approach based on the IndoTERM model. By simulating scenarios of increasing productivity in the palm oil downstream sector, this study evaluates its impact on macroeconomic indicators, employment, trade, and sectoral and spatial distribution. Empirical results indicate that downstreaming has a significant positive impact on GDP, investment, exports, and real wages at both regional and national levels, although creates economic disparities between regions, especially for CPO-producing regions such as Riau and Jambi. Downstream sectors such as cooking oil, cosmetics, and soap experience a high investment surge, while the upstream sectors actually show contractions. Downstreaming improves value added and national export competitiveness, eventhough import of intermediate inputs and dependence on foreign technology increases which must be anticipated. These findings emphasize the requirement for an inclusive, long run oriented downstreaming policy design accompanied by strengthening infrastructure, workforce capacity, and cross-sectoral governance to drive economic benefits distributed more equally and sustainably.
{"title":"Economy-wide impacts of palm oil downstream in North Sumatra: A CGE approach","authors":"Achmad Rifa’i","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Commodity downstreaming is a key strategy in increasing value added and driving structural transformation of the economy in Indonesia. This study investigates economic impact of palm oil downstreaming policies in North Sumatra using the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) approach based on the IndoTERM model. By simulating scenarios of increasing productivity in the palm oil downstream sector, this study evaluates its impact on macroeconomic indicators, employment, trade, and sectoral and spatial distribution. Empirical results indicate that downstreaming has a significant positive impact on GDP, investment, exports, and real wages at both regional and national levels, although creates economic disparities between regions, especially for CPO-producing regions such as Riau and Jambi. Downstream sectors such as cooking oil, cosmetics, and soap experience a high investment surge, while the upstream sectors actually show contractions. Downstreaming improves value added and national export competitiveness, eventhough import of intermediate inputs and dependence on foreign technology increases which must be anticipated. These findings emphasize the requirement for an inclusive, long run oriented downstreaming policy design accompanied by strengthening infrastructure, workforce capacity, and cross-sectoral governance to drive economic benefits distributed more equally and sustainably.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water resources management (WRM) in Malaysia is currently undergoing a period of transformation. A central tenet of integrated water resources management (IWRM) is the active involvement of the public in decision-making processes. The successful implementation of this participatory approach hinges on the public’s willingness to participate (WTP). The present study investigates the levels of WTP among residents in three agriculturally-based villages located within the Batu Kurau watershed, a region where local communities depend on the watershed for their water needs. WTP was assessed through a structured questionnaire survey administered to 302 respondents across the three villages. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate various factors potentially influencing WTP, including socioeconomic characteristics, awareness and knowledge of watershed issues, values related to water resource use, satisfaction with both water and watershed management, and perceptions regarding involvement in watershed governance. The findings indicated a high level of WTP, with approximately 80% of respondents expressing support for the involvement in watershed management initiatives. Key determinants of WTP included respondents’ perceived knowledge of watershed-related issues, satisfaction with existing water and watershed management practices, personal water consumption behaviours, and a favourable attitude towards participatory governance in watershed management. In contrast, socioeconomic factors such as income, education, and occupation did not exhibit a statistically significant influence on WTP. Among the critical environmental concerns identified by the respondents, drought and flooding were highlighted as the most pressing issues within the watershed, whereas other concerns were perceived as less significant. All influential variables excluding socioeconomic factors demonstrated a positive correlation with WTP, underscoring the critical role of public awareness and satisfaction in the successful adoption of IWRM. These results affirm the potential for community engagement in the implementation of watershed management programmes, thereby reinforcing the viability of people-centred approaches to IWRM in the Malaysian context. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers seeking to develop watershed management frameworks that are responsive to local environmental challenges, such as drought and flooding, while also enhancing public satisfaction and participation. The integration of such participatory and locally grounded strategies may contribute to more effective and sustainable IWRM outcomes in Malaysia and comparable settings globally.
{"title":"Shifting paradigm in water resources management: Public willingness to participate in watershed management of Batu Kurau, Perak, Malaysia","authors":"Khalid Sayed , Ridzwan Nazimuddin , M.I. Syakir , Shaiful Yusuff , Rahmah Johar , Zaher Mundher Yaseen","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water resources management (WRM) in Malaysia is currently undergoing a period of transformation. A central tenet of integrated water resources management (IWRM) is the active involvement of the public in decision-making processes. The successful implementation of this participatory approach hinges on the public’s willingness to participate (WTP). The present study investigates the levels of WTP among residents in three agriculturally-based villages located within the Batu Kurau watershed, a region where local communities depend on the watershed for their water needs. WTP was assessed through a structured questionnaire survey administered to 302 respondents across the three villages. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate various factors potentially influencing WTP, including socioeconomic characteristics, awareness and knowledge of watershed issues, values related to water resource use, satisfaction with both water and watershed management, and perceptions regarding involvement in watershed governance. The findings indicated a high level of WTP, with approximately 80% of respondents expressing support for the involvement in watershed management initiatives. Key determinants of WTP included respondents’ perceived knowledge of watershed-related issues, satisfaction with existing water and watershed management practices, personal water consumption behaviours, and a favourable attitude towards participatory governance in watershed management. In contrast, socioeconomic factors such as income, education, and occupation did not exhibit a statistically significant influence on WTP. Among the critical environmental concerns identified by the respondents, drought and flooding were highlighted as the most pressing issues within the watershed, whereas other concerns were perceived as less significant. All influential variables excluding socioeconomic factors demonstrated a positive correlation with WTP, underscoring the critical role of public awareness and satisfaction in the successful adoption of IWRM. These results affirm the potential for community engagement in the implementation of watershed management programmes, thereby reinforcing the viability of people-centred approaches to IWRM in the Malaysian context. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers seeking to develop watershed management frameworks that are responsive to local environmental challenges, such as drought and flooding, while also enhancing public satisfaction and participation. The integration of such participatory and locally grounded strategies may contribute to more effective and sustainable IWRM outcomes in Malaysia and comparable settings globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100694"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-04DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100702
Adeolu Ayanwale , Ayodeji D. Kehinde
This study explores the interplay between digital innovation, land acquisition, and food security among farming households in Nigeria—a nexus that has received limited empirical attention. Drawing on data from the General Household Survey (GHS-Panel) by the National Bureau of Statistics under the LSMS framework, the analysis includes 5,051 farming households. A combination of analytical techniques—descriptive statistics, Double Hurdle model, Probit regression, Endogenous Switching Probit regression, and the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS)—was used to investigate these relationships. Findings show that the average household head was 50 years old with seven years of education; most households were male-headed (80 %) and averaged five members. Despite high mobile phone ownership (94.56 %), digital exclusion persists, as 61.56 % of households lacked internet access, and 78.23 % did not hold legally registered land. Only 3 % had access to formal credit, and over half cultivated less than one hectare of land. The average HDDS was 9, with 53 % of households deemed food secure. Regression results revealed that digital innovation adoption was significantly influenced by age, education, asset value, household size, and access to finance. Moreover, digital innovation, gender, remittance income, and education significantly improved land access and food security, highlighting the need for targeted digital inclusion policies in rural Nigeria.
{"title":"Determinants of use of digital innovation and its impact on land acquisition and food security among farming households in Nigeria","authors":"Adeolu Ayanwale , Ayodeji D. Kehinde","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the interplay between digital innovation, land acquisition, and food security among farming households in Nigeria—a nexus that has received limited empirical attention. Drawing on data from the General Household Survey (GHS-Panel) by the National Bureau of Statistics under the LSMS framework, the analysis includes 5,051 farming households. A combination of analytical techniques—descriptive statistics, Double Hurdle model, Probit regression, Endogenous Switching Probit regression, and the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS)—was used to investigate these relationships. Findings show that the average household head was 50 years old with seven years of education; most households were male-headed (80 %) and averaged five members. Despite high mobile phone ownership (94.56 %), digital exclusion persists, as 61.56 % of households lacked internet access, and 78.23 % did not hold legally registered land. Only 3 % had access to formal credit, and over half cultivated less than one hectare of land. The average HDDS was 9, with 53 % of households deemed food secure. Regression results revealed that digital innovation adoption was significantly influenced by age, education, asset value, household size, and access to finance. Moreover, digital innovation, gender, remittance income, and education significantly improved land access and food security, highlighting the need for targeted digital inclusion policies in rural Nigeria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144564052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100701
Fabian Telch
This article explores how national development planning (NDP) shapes the institutions and processes for coordinating multi-level strategic planning of public organizations for development in Colombia, drawing on the views of local NDP scholars and practitioners. This article applies a strategic planning lens to analyze the influence of NDP in public organizations, based on the data from 21 interviews of Colombian scholars and key experts. I found that NDP works as the State brain to think about cross-cutting issues and as a participative mechanism to foster the continuity of an implicit development agenda across public organizations. Additionally, the national planning agency DNP has worked as an elite school of dedicated econocrats that shapes the planning processes of public organizations, despite challenges linked to coordination and assessment of development processes, decentralizing the state capacity and a self-colonized way of thinking. My findings are of value to development scholars and decision-makers, particularly in Global South countries.
{"title":"Understanding how national development planning (NDP) shapes public institutions and procedures for development: the case of Colombia","authors":"Fabian Telch","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article explores how national development planning (NDP) shapes the institutions and processes for coordinating multi-level strategic planning of public organizations for development in Colombia, drawing on the views of local NDP scholars and practitioners. This article applies a strategic planning lens to analyze the influence of NDP in public organizations, based on the data from 21 interviews of Colombian scholars and key experts. I found that NDP works as the State brain to think about cross-cutting issues and as a participative mechanism to foster the continuity of an implicit development agenda across public organizations. Additionally, the national planning agency DNP has worked as an elite school of dedicated econocrats that shapes the planning processes of public organizations, despite challenges linked to coordination and assessment of development processes, decentralizing the state capacity and a self-colonized way of thinking. My findings are of value to development scholars and decision-makers, particularly in Global South countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100701"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-30DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100704
Phuong Viet Le , Luong Trong Nguyen , Khanh Quoc Nguyen
Fisheries subsidies have been implemented for decades in many countries as a mechanism to support food security, livelihood and sustainable fisheries. However, there have been increasing concerns about the effectiveness, controllability, and relationship between subsidies and overfishing, and fisheries resource degradations since the early 1990 s. Because of the importance of marine fisheries in social economic development and national food security, the Vietnamese government introduced the first fisheries subsidies in 1997. After that three more subsidy programs were implemented in 2008, 2010, and 2014 with targeting on offshore fishing fleet development. This study provides an overview of the context, contents, application, achievement, and limitations of those four Vietnamese fisheries subsidies during the past 25 years. A total of more than $1.5 billion has been distributed for loans, quasi-lump sum fuel cost support, and insurance programs to improve fishing capacity and operation. The number of Vietnamese offshore fishing boats substantially increased from 2,891 boats in 1996 to 34,825 boats in 2023 partly based on those capital credit programs. However, subsidy schemes have shown several limitations. All of these have been discussed in this paper, in addition to recommendations of possible strategies for reform. The paper can help policy makers and managers to better design for future fisheries development programs to align with the World Trade Organization’s agreement on fisheries subsidies.
{"title":"An overview of financial subsidy programs in Vietnamese fisheries during the past 25 years: An evaluation and recommendations towards improved future mechanisms","authors":"Phuong Viet Le , Luong Trong Nguyen , Khanh Quoc Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fisheries subsidies have been implemented for decades in many countries as a mechanism to support food security, livelihood and sustainable fisheries. However, there have been increasing concerns about the effectiveness, controllability, and relationship between subsidies and overfishing, and fisheries resource degradations since the early 1990 s. Because of the importance of marine fisheries in social economic development and national food security, the Vietnamese government introduced the first fisheries subsidies in 1997. After that three more subsidy programs were implemented in 2008, 2010, and 2014 with targeting on offshore fishing fleet development. This study provides an overview of the context, contents, application, achievement, and limitations of those four Vietnamese fisheries subsidies during the past 25 years. A total of more than $1.5 billion has been distributed for loans, quasi-lump sum fuel cost support, and insurance programs to improve fishing capacity and operation. The number of Vietnamese offshore fishing boats substantially increased from 2,891 boats in 1996 to 34,825 boats in 2023 partly based on those capital credit programs. However, subsidy schemes have shown several limitations. All of these have been discussed in this paper, in addition to recommendations of possible strategies for reform. The paper can help policy makers and managers to better design for future fisheries development programs to align with the World Trade Organization’s agreement on fisheries subsidies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100704"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-30DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100703
Aswathy Rachel Varughese , Indrajit Bairagya
The present study investigates the relationship between public and household education expenditures in India from 1987 to 2018, using data from the National Sample Survey. Unlike previous studies that often considered education financing in isolation, this study employs an Intertemporal Utility Maximization framework to estimate the substitutability or complementarity between these expenditures. The analysis is based on the Auspitz-Lieben-Edgeworth-Pareto (ALEP) approach, diverging from the traditional Hicks-Allen method. By doing so, it extends the theoretical literature on the substitutability and complementarity of these expenditures under the ALEP framework. Empirical findings, derived from the Generalised Method of Moments in dynamic panel data analysis, indicate that public and household education expenditures in India are complementary. Specifically, increased public spending on education enhances the marginal utility of household education expenditure. These results are consistent under both linear and non-linear utility function specifications. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of increasing public spending to provide essential amenities, thereby encouraging Indian households to invest more in their children’s education.
{"title":"Public and household financing of education in India: are they substitutes or complements?","authors":"Aswathy Rachel Varughese , Indrajit Bairagya","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigates the relationship between public and household education expenditures in India from 1987 to 2018, using data from the National Sample Survey. Unlike previous studies that often considered education financing in isolation, this study employs an Intertemporal Utility Maximization framework to estimate the substitutability or complementarity between these expenditures. The analysis is based on the Auspitz-Lieben-Edgeworth-Pareto (ALEP) approach, diverging from the traditional Hicks-Allen method. By doing so, it extends the theoretical literature on the substitutability and complementarity of these expenditures under the ALEP framework. Empirical findings, derived from the Generalised Method of Moments in dynamic panel data analysis, indicate that public and household education expenditures in India are complementary. Specifically, increased public spending on education enhances the marginal utility of household education expenditure. These results are consistent under both linear and non-linear utility function specifications. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of increasing public spending to provide essential amenities, thereby encouraging Indian households to invest more in their children’s education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-25DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100695
Andres Suarez
The landscape of Salamina (Caldas, Colombia) has historically fulfilled multiple functions and undergone diverse transformations. The expansion of Hass avocado plantations (HAP) has marked a significant shift, redefining the landscape from a space of peasant self-sufficiency and social reproduction—characterized by landscape use-values—to a market-driven asset centered on the extraction of ecological surplus, represented as landscape exchange-values. This transition has been propelled by market compulsions, reinforced in recent years by the Hass avocado boom. This article applies a critical resource geography perspective to examine how land is reconfigured through the process of resource-making. It identifies the socio-historical, political, economic, and material factors that converge to facilitate HAP expansion, emphasizing the role of the state-capital nexus in enabling the commodification and exploitation of Salamina’s landscape.
{"title":"(Re)making landscapes into resources: the role of Hass avocado plantations in Salamina, Colombia","authors":"Andres Suarez","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The landscape of Salamina (Caldas, Colombia) has historically fulfilled multiple functions and undergone diverse transformations. The expansion of Hass avocado plantations (HAP) has marked a significant shift, redefining the landscape from a space of peasant self-sufficiency and social reproduction—characterized by landscape use-values—to a market-driven asset centered on the extraction of ecological surplus, represented as landscape exchange-values. This transition has been propelled by market compulsions, reinforced in recent years by the Hass avocado boom. This article applies a critical resource geography perspective to examine how land is reconfigured through the process of resource-making. It identifies the socio-historical, political, economic, and material factors that converge to facilitate HAP expansion, emphasizing the role of the state-capital nexus in enabling the commodification and exploitation of Salamina’s landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-24DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100700
Adzani Ameridyani , Minori Tokito , Izuru Saizen
The increase in rural-development issues demand a shift from a highly centralised to a more decentralised development strategy. The Indonesian government has been implementing programs and policies to promote community-driven development that encourages participatory decision-making processes among marginalised groups, including rural women, at the local level. Whereas the Indonesian government has implemented several policies and programs aimed at promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment, gender-mainstreaming strategies remain inadequately implemented at the local level, particularly in rural communities. Consequently, most women’s participation is limited to instrumental purposes only. This empirical study investigates the role, challenges, and strategy of women groups in decentralising rural development based on an actual case of women’s group formation in Kampung Areng, West Java, Indonesia, known as Kelompok Karya Ibu (KKI). To address the degrading environmental conditions of their village, KKI aims to improve the cattle waste-treatment system using biogas slurry for vermicompost production. KKI’s vermicompost production promotes zero-waste biogas, generates secondary income from vermicompost communal sales, and improves the community social network. Findings from social-network analysis indicate that the KKI’s collective effort not only enhances the socioeconomic status of the members but also contributes to the village’s overall socioeconomic development. KKI’s high betweenness centrality positions it as an intermediary that connects other nodes in Kampung Areng’s social network. KKI bridges relations between local and external actors, thus enabling knowledge and capital distribution from external actors to the Kampung Areng community, and vice versa. Results from ego-network analysis bolstered confidence in KKI’s role in bridging and circulating resources among local and external actors participating in Kampung Areng’s community-based cattle-farming waste management. Based on the case of KKI, our study reinforces previous evidence suggesting the significance of strong bonding in rural-community capacity building, particularly in amplifying the implementation and deliverability of the local initiative. Extending prior research, we discovered that the experience and knowledge obtained from local initiatives, which are bolstered through initial strong community bonding, foster mutual knowledge sharing with external actors, thus resulting in the bridging and linking of social capital. These findings are significant to policymakers, nongovernmental organisations, and other stakeholders involved in promoting rural development and women’s empowerment in rural communities. They highlight the necessity for concerted efforts to promote the participation of rural women in the development and planning process through policies that account for their unique demands and challenges.
农村发展问题的增加要求从高度集中的发展战略转向更加分散的发展战略。印度尼西亚政府一直在实施方案和政策，以促进社区驱动的发展，鼓励包括农村妇女在内的边缘化群体在地方一级参与决策过程。虽然印尼政府已经实施了一些旨在促进性别平等和妇女赋权的政策和方案，但性别主流化战略在地方一级，特别是在农村社区，仍然没有得到充分实施。因此，大多数妇女的参与仅限于工具性目的。本实证研究基于印度尼西亚西爪哇省甘榜阿林（Kampung Areng）妇女团体形成的实际案例（称为Kelompok Karya Ibu (KKI)），调查了妇女团体在农村发展权力下放中的作用、挑战和战略。为了解决他们村庄不断恶化的环境状况，KKI的目标是改善使用沼液生产蚯蚓堆肥的牛粪便处理系统。KKI的蚯蚓堆肥生产促进了零废物沼气，从蚯蚓堆肥公共销售中产生二次收入，并改善了社区社会网络。社会网络分析的结果表明，KKI的集体努力不仅提高了成员的社会经济地位，而且对村庄的整体社会经济发展做出了贡献。KKI的高中介性将其定位为连接甘榜阿林社交网络中其他节点的中介。KKI在本地和外部参与者之间架起桥梁，从而使知识和资本从外部参与者分配到甘榜阿林社区，反之亦然。自我-网络分析的结果增强了对KKI在参与甘榜阿林社区养牛废物管理的地方和外部行动者之间桥梁和资源流通方面的作用的信心。基于KKI的案例，我们的研究强化了先前的证据，表明在农村-社区能力建设中，特别是在扩大地方倡议的实施和可交付性方面，强联系的重要性。扩展先前的研究，我们发现从当地倡议中获得的经验和知识，通过最初强大的社区纽带得到支持，促进了与外部参与者的相互知识共享，从而形成了社会资本的桥梁和联系。这些发现对政策制定者、非政府组织和其他参与促进农村发展和农村社区妇女赋权的利益攸关方具有重要意义。它们强调必须作出协调一致的努力，通过考虑到农村妇女独特需求和挑战的政策，促进她们参与发展和规划进程。
{"title":"Towards community-driven rural development: Path of women group in empowering rural Women’s capacities and role in rural development","authors":"Adzani Ameridyani , Minori Tokito , Izuru Saizen","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increase in rural-development issues demand a shift from a highly centralised to a more decentralised development strategy. The Indonesian government has been implementing programs and policies to promote community-driven development that encourages participatory decision-making processes among marginalised groups, including rural women, at the local level. Whereas the Indonesian government has implemented several policies and programs aimed at promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment, gender-mainstreaming strategies remain inadequately implemented at the local level, particularly in rural communities. Consequently, most women’s participation is limited to instrumental purposes only. This empirical study investigates the role, challenges, and strategy of women groups in decentralising rural development based on an actual case of women’s group formation in Kampung Areng, West Java, Indonesia, known as Kelompok Karya Ibu (KKI). To address the degrading environmental conditions of their village, KKI aims to improve the cattle waste-treatment system using biogas slurry for vermicompost production. KKI’s vermicompost production promotes zero-waste biogas, generates secondary income from vermicompost communal sales, and improves the community social network. Findings from social-network analysis indicate that the KKI’s collective effort not only enhances the socioeconomic status of the members but also contributes to the village’s overall socioeconomic development. KKI’s high betweenness centrality positions it as an intermediary that connects other nodes in Kampung Areng’s social network. KKI bridges relations between local and external actors, thus enabling knowledge and capital distribution from external actors to the Kampung Areng community, and vice versa. Results from ego-network analysis bolstered confidence in KKI’s role in bridging and circulating resources among local and external actors participating in Kampung Areng’s community-based cattle-farming waste management. Based on the case of KKI, our study reinforces previous evidence suggesting the significance of strong bonding in rural-community capacity building, particularly in amplifying the implementation and deliverability of the local initiative. Extending prior research, we discovered that the experience and knowledge obtained from local initiatives, which are bolstered through initial strong community bonding, foster mutual knowledge sharing with external actors, thus resulting in the bridging and linking of social capital. These findings are significant to policymakers, nongovernmental organisations, and other stakeholders involved in promoting rural development and women’s empowerment in rural communities. They highlight the necessity for concerted efforts to promote the participation of rural women in the development and planning process through policies that account for their unique demands and challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100697
Yeti Nisha Madhoo, Shyam Nath
We posit that colonial education disparity (relative to colonizer nations) at independence, reflecting dominant exploitative motives of colonists and initial drawback due to colonial illiteracy policy, to be exogenous determinant of long-run quality of institutions. A novel weighted colonial education disparity (CED) index is constructed capturing early versus late demise of colonialism, and the difference between uneducated population in a formerly colonized country at independence versus that in colonizer nations. Cross-country results suggest that CED impacts economic development via institutional quality channel. Robust OLS and 2SLS findings show that colonial education disparity directly harms long-run institutional quality whereas settler mortality rate works indirectly through the CED channel. The new historic CED index seems to be a plausible instrument for institutional measures. Additional results support the direct role of geography and the disease environment in shaping development outcomes.
{"title":"Colonial education disparity, contemporary institutions, and long-run economic performance","authors":"Yeti Nisha Madhoo, Shyam Nath","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We posit that colonial education disparity (relative to colonizer nations) at independence, reflecting dominant exploitative motives of colonists and initial drawback due to colonial illiteracy policy, to be exogenous determinant of long-run quality of institutions. A novel weighted colonial education disparity (CED) index is constructed capturing <em>early</em> versus <em>late</em> demise of colonialism, and the difference between uneducated population in a formerly <em>colonized</em> country at independence versus that in <em>colonizer</em> nations. Cross-country results suggest that CED impacts economic development via institutional quality channel. Robust OLS and 2SLS findings show that colonial education disparity directly harms long-run institutional quality whereas settler mortality rate works indirectly through the CED channel. The new historic CED index seems to be a plausible instrument for institutional measures. Additional results support the direct role of geography and the disease environment in shaping development outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100699
Joseph Goeb , Cho Cho San , Ben Belton , Nang Lun Kham Synt , Nilar Aung , Mywish Maredia , Bart Minten
Myanmar has experienced a sequence of severe crises beginning in 2019 including the unexpected closure of a principal trade route, COVID-19 lockdowns and travel restrictions, and a military coup leading to years of disruptions in the banking and transport sectors, inflation, and conflict. Despite these cascading shocks Myanmar’s maize sector experienced robust growth in production and exports. This paper examines the key factors underlying this apparent paradox. Our findings contribute to the small but growing literatures on agri-food value chain (AVC) resilience and adaptation by traders – an area of increasing interest from policymakers and development partners due to its important implications for food security and welfare. Using data from several sources, including rare panel data sets of traders and farmers and key informant interviews, we show that crop traders were central to the resilience of Myanmar’s maize value chain during this turbulent period. High global maize prices incentivized traders to adapt and continue trading despite the risks and disruptions, allowing them to perform three critical functions contributing to resilience: (i) market discovery when primary trade routes were closed; (ii) overcoming transportation disruptions and bank closures to move maize from the farmgate to local and export markets; (iii) maintaining flows of credit to farmers throughout the crises in the form of selling inputs on credit and direct cash lending, injecting much needed liquidity amid disruptions in the banking sector and rising input prices. These findings highlight how trader-driven adaptations, supported by favorable prices and returns, sustained the sector’s growth through profound economic and political uncertainty.
{"title":"Traders and agri-food value chain resilience: the case of maize in Myanmar","authors":"Joseph Goeb , Cho Cho San , Ben Belton , Nang Lun Kham Synt , Nilar Aung , Mywish Maredia , Bart Minten","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myanmar has experienced a sequence of severe crises beginning in 2019 including the unexpected closure of a principal trade route, COVID-19 lockdowns and travel restrictions, and a military coup leading to years of disruptions in the banking and transport sectors, inflation, and conflict. Despite these cascading shocks Myanmar’s maize sector experienced robust growth in production and exports. This paper examines the key factors underlying this apparent paradox. Our findings contribute to the small but growing literatures on agri-food value chain (AVC) resilience and adaptation by traders – an area of increasing interest from policymakers and development partners due to its important implications for food security and welfare. Using data from several sources, including rare panel data sets of traders and farmers and key informant interviews, we show that crop traders were central to the resilience of Myanmar’s maize value chain during this turbulent period. High global maize prices incentivized traders to adapt and continue trading despite the risks and disruptions, allowing them to perform three critical functions contributing to resilience: (i) market discovery when primary trade routes were closed; (ii) overcoming transportation disruptions and bank closures to move maize from the farmgate to local and export markets; (iii) maintaining flows of credit to farmers throughout the crises in the form of selling inputs on credit and direct cash lending, injecting much needed liquidity amid disruptions in the banking sector and rising input prices. These findings highlight how trader-driven adaptations, supported by favorable prices and returns, sustained the sector’s growth through profound economic and political uncertainty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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