Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100723
Yemareshet Hailu Demeke , Dainn Wie
The Eritrean–Ethiopian War (1998–2000), triggered by a border dispute in Badme, caused thousands of deaths and widespread disruption. This study investigates whether in utero exposure to the conflict has long-term effects on young adult health outcomes, focusing on height and BMI measured 16 years after the war. We identify these effects based on individuals’ birth cohorts and their proximity to major conflict sites, using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED). Difference-in-differences estimates reveal a significant and negative impact of in utero conflict exposure on adult height, while effects on BMI are smaller and less consistent. The height effect remains robust to socioeconomic controls, supporting the critical period programming hypothesis. Higher parental socioeconomic status mitigates the adverse effects, suggesting that access to resources offers a protective buffer. We test robustness across alternative conflict measures and functional forms and find little evidence of selective fertility or mortality, though some caution is warranted due to possible selection that remains uncaptured.
{"title":"Long-term health impacts of the Eritrean-Ethiopian war on young Ethiopian adults","authors":"Yemareshet Hailu Demeke , Dainn Wie","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Eritrean–Ethiopian War (1998–2000), triggered by a border dispute in Badme, caused thousands of deaths and widespread disruption. This study investigates whether in utero exposure to the conflict has long-term effects on young adult health outcomes, focusing on height and BMI measured 16 years after the war. We identify these effects based on individuals’ birth cohorts and their proximity to major conflict sites, using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED). Difference-in-differences estimates reveal a significant and negative impact of in utero conflict exposure on adult height, while effects on BMI are smaller and less consistent. The height effect remains robust to socioeconomic controls, supporting the critical period programming hypothesis. Higher parental socioeconomic status mitigates the adverse effects, suggesting that access to resources offers a protective buffer. We test robustness across alternative conflict measures and functional forms and find little evidence of selective fertility or mortality, though some caution is warranted due to possible selection that remains uncaptured.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100719
Paripoorna Baxi, Darian Naidoo, Sharad Tandon
There has been substantial growth in the resource sector in PNG during the last resource boom and significant increases in international assistance, both of which might have translated into improved well-being outcomes across the country. To better understand whether these changes improved household-level outcomes, we update estimates of key well-being outcomes in the country. Specifically, we impute monetary poverty status using non-monetary indicators in the 2016–18 Demographic and Health Survey and estimate the World Bank’s Multidimensional Poverty Measure. Despite the significant growth since 2009, monetary poverty and access to several essential services hardly changed, which stands in stark contrast to the substantial improvement across the rest of the world and other comparison regions over the same period. Combined, the results illustrate that it is possible that very little resource-led growth trickles down to the population and that the link between macroeconomic and microeconomic outcomes is more tenuous in PNG than found in other resource-intensive settings.
{"title":"How much of economic growth trickles down to the population in resource-rich countries? evidence from Papua New Guinea","authors":"Paripoorna Baxi, Darian Naidoo, Sharad Tandon","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There has been substantial growth in the resource sector in PNG during the last resource boom and significant increases in international assistance, both of which might have translated into improved well-being outcomes across the country. To better understand whether these changes improved household-level outcomes, we update estimates of key well-being outcomes in the country. Specifically, we impute monetary poverty status using non-monetary indicators in the 2016–18 Demographic and Health Survey and estimate the World Bank’s Multidimensional Poverty Measure. Despite the significant growth since 2009, monetary poverty and access to several essential services hardly changed, which stands in stark contrast to the substantial improvement across the rest of the world and other comparison regions over the same period. Combined, the results illustrate that it is possible that very little resource-led growth trickles down to the population and that the link between macroeconomic and microeconomic outcomes is more tenuous in PNG than found in other resource-intensive settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The wide availability of minerals provides a base for the growth and development of the mining sector in India, with coal playing a distinctive role. Despite the adverse environmental and social externalities, the coal-bearing states seek to maximise their mineral revenues. However, these revenues may not always translate into unmitigated benefits for the local communities. This paper attempts to highlight an emerging issue in the Indian mining sector—that of an informal kind of local financing, referred to as “doubling,” and how it affects the community. Insights are drawn from field visits (including consultation workshops, focus group discussions, and immersive discussions) to nine mining villages in the Basundhara area of Sundargarh district in Odisha, a state in eastern India, rich in mineral deposits. The study found that doubling enriches the wealthy lenders and impoverishes the poor borrowers, results in mortal threats issued to the borrower in the event of non-repayment, and disrupts social cohesion within local communities, in terms of the dilemma of whether to accept or reject compensation from mining companies. The study concludes that doubling, an illegal and unethical loan contract, signifies an aspect of the socio-economic mismanagement within mining communities.
{"title":"Doubling: How it is impoverishing a mining community in India","authors":"Prajna Paramita Mishra , Ch. Sravan , Sujit Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wide availability of minerals provides a base for the growth and development of the mining sector in India, with coal playing a distinctive role. Despite the adverse environmental and social externalities, the coal-bearing states seek to maximise their mineral revenues. However, these revenues may not always translate into unmitigated benefits for the local communities. This paper attempts to highlight an emerging issue in the Indian mining sector—that of an informal kind of local financing, referred to as “doubling,” and how it affects the community. Insights are drawn from field visits (including consultation workshops, focus group discussions, and immersive discussions) to nine mining villages in the Basundhara area of Sundargarh district in Odisha, a state in eastern India, rich in mineral deposits. The study found that doubling enriches the wealthy lenders and impoverishes the poor borrowers, results in mortal threats issued to the borrower in the event of non-repayment, and disrupts social cohesion within local communities, in terms of the dilemma of whether to accept or reject compensation from mining companies. The study concludes that doubling, an illegal and unethical loan contract, signifies an aspect of the socio-economic mismanagement within mining communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-26DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100712
Laurence L. Delina , Sanny D. Afable , Chloe Chan
Significant gaps remain in understanding the place-specific barriers to renewable energy transitions faced by vulnerable communities across the Philippines, particularly in relation to the rural–urban divide. This study examines the dynamics of energy transition in rural Eastern Samar and Zamboanga Sibugay, as well as in urban Metro Manila, using survey data that capture residents’ perceptions. Findings show that challenges reflect their unique vulnerabilities, resource limitations, and local contexts. Residents of Eastern Samar are concerned about the costs and reliability of renewable energy, but are generally open to the transition. In contrast, Zamboanga Sibugay residents, who are reliant on coal, show scepticism, fearing impacts on their livelihoods and traditional lifestyles. Cultural factors, like traditional cooking methods, influence perceptions in Eastern Samar. Urban respondents in Metro Manila mainly worry about the financial capital needed for adoption, with less concern about resource availability. These insights underscore the importance of viewing renewable technologies as integrated systems—encompassing hardware, software, and “orgware”—that impact community life. They emphasise the need for place-specific policies addressing rural and urban challenges. An energy justice approach, tailored to local conditions, is essential for distributing equitable benefits, fostering an inclusive energy transition that considers community vulnerabilities, cultural factors, and local resources. Such strategies can promote a just transition that benefits all societal segments, ensuring energy transformation aligns with community needs and capacities.
{"title":"Bridging the rural–urban energy transition divide: Place-specific challenges in renewable energy transitions for vulnerable communities in the Philippines","authors":"Laurence L. Delina , Sanny D. Afable , Chloe Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Significant gaps remain in understanding the place-specific barriers to renewable energy transitions faced by vulnerable communities across the Philippines, particularly in relation to the rural–urban divide. This study examines the dynamics of energy transition in rural Eastern Samar and Zamboanga Sibugay, as well as in urban Metro Manila, using survey data that capture residents’ perceptions. Findings show that challenges reflect their unique vulnerabilities, resource limitations, and local contexts. Residents of Eastern Samar are concerned about the costs and reliability of renewable energy, but are generally open to the transition. In contrast, Zamboanga Sibugay residents, who are reliant on coal, show scepticism, fearing impacts on their livelihoods and traditional lifestyles. Cultural factors, like traditional cooking methods, influence perceptions in Eastern Samar. Urban respondents in Metro Manila mainly worry about the financial capital needed for adoption, with less concern about resource availability. These insights underscore the importance of viewing renewable technologies as integrated systems—encompassing hardware, software, and “orgware”—that impact community life. They emphasise the need for place-specific policies addressing rural and urban challenges. An energy justice approach, tailored to local conditions, is essential for distributing equitable benefits, fostering an inclusive energy transition that considers community vulnerabilities, cultural factors, and local resources. Such strategies can promote a just transition that benefits all societal segments, ensuring energy transformation aligns with community needs and capacities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100712"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ongoing insecurity and environmental shocks in Somalia have led to a substantial refugee influx into Ethiopia since 2006, particularly affecting Dollo Ado sub-region, where five camps now shelter 215,000 refugees and asylum seekers as of March 2024. Addressing the protracted needs of these camps, UNHCR, in collaboration with the IKEA Foundation, has implemented livelihood empowerment projects aimed at economic inclusion. This paper evaluates the impact of the third phase of the IKEA Foundation’s Livelihoods and Energy and Environment Projects (2019–2021), focusing on cooperative and business groups involved in agriculture, livestock, firewood, and solar energy. Despite the lack of a control group, our econometric approach allows us to explore significant temporal changes attributed to the intervention. Our findings demonstrate significant improvements in mental health, life satisfaction, financial inclusion, and social integration among participants. While the interventions successfully enhanced income and savings opportunities, particularly for women, they did not significantly improve food security, indicating external influences such as regional instability, humanitarian shortfalls, and climate issues. This study underscores the necessity of multi-stakeholder collaboration to improve refugee welfare in protracted crises and highlights the importance of livelihood empowerment investments to optimize wellbeing and economic inclusion outcomes.
{"title":"Impacts of livelihood empowerment programs on refugee wellbeing and economic inclusion: Evidence from Dollo Ado refugee camps in Ethiopia","authors":"Silas Amo-Agyei , Florence Nana Pokuaah Nimoh , Ibrahima Sarr , Maryada Vallet","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ongoing insecurity and environmental shocks in Somalia have led to a substantial refugee influx into Ethiopia since 2006, particularly affecting Dollo Ado sub-region, where five camps now shelter 215,000 refugees and asylum seekers as of March 2024. Addressing the protracted needs of these camps, UNHCR, in collaboration with the IKEA Foundation, has implemented livelihood empowerment projects aimed at economic inclusion. This paper evaluates the impact of the third phase of the IKEA Foundation’s Livelihoods and Energy and Environment Projects (2019–2021), focusing on cooperative and business groups involved in agriculture, livestock, firewood, and solar energy. Despite the lack of a control group, our econometric approach allows us to explore significant temporal changes attributed to the intervention. Our findings demonstrate significant improvements in mental health, life satisfaction, financial inclusion, and social integration among participants. While the interventions successfully enhanced income and savings opportunities, particularly for women, they did not significantly improve food security, indicating external influences such as regional instability, humanitarian shortfalls, and climate issues. This study underscores the necessity of multi-stakeholder collaboration to improve refugee welfare in protracted crises and highlights the importance of livelihood empowerment investments to optimize wellbeing and economic inclusion outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examine the effect of fiscal decentralization on urbanization in 213 Cameroonian municipalities between 2010 and 2020. Since 1990, developing countries including Cameroon have turned to decentralization as it promotes economic development. Using the generalized least square method for estimation we find that; fiscal decentralization has a positive and significant effect on urbanization. Using the 2SLS and the Lewbel-2SLS to treat the endogeneity issue, the results provide further confirmation of earlier studies, suggesting that fiscal decentralization positively affects urbanization. The findings are consistent with additional variables. To our results, central governments should transfer powers to local authorities for the provision of social infrastructures and services as this will develop rural regions and hence, reduce inequalities among municipalities.
{"title":"The effect of fiscal decentralization on urbanization: Evidence from Cameroon","authors":"Justin Romuald Amougou Manga, Constant Djiogap Fouopi","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine the effect of fiscal decentralization on urbanization in 213 Cameroonian municipalities between 2010 and 2020. Since 1990, developing countries including Cameroon have turned to decentralization as it promotes economic development. Using the generalized least square method for estimation we find that; fiscal decentralization has a positive and significant effect on urbanization. Using the 2SLS and the Lewbel-2SLS to treat the endogeneity issue, the results provide further confirmation of earlier studies, suggesting that fiscal decentralization positively affects urbanization. The findings are consistent with additional variables. To our results, central governments should transfer powers to local authorities for the provision of social infrastructures and services as this will develop rural regions and hence, reduce inequalities among municipalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water resources management (WRM) in Malaysia is currently undergoing a period of transformation. A central tenet of integrated water resources management (IWRM) is the active involvement of the public in decision-making processes. The successful implementation of this participatory approach hinges on the public’s willingness to participate (WTP). The present study investigates the levels of WTP among residents in three agriculturally-based villages located within the Batu Kurau watershed, a region where local communities depend on the watershed for their water needs. WTP was assessed through a structured questionnaire survey administered to 302 respondents across the three villages. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate various factors potentially influencing WTP, including socioeconomic characteristics, awareness and knowledge of watershed issues, values related to water resource use, satisfaction with both water and watershed management, and perceptions regarding involvement in watershed governance. The findings indicated a high level of WTP, with approximately 80% of respondents expressing support for the involvement in watershed management initiatives. Key determinants of WTP included respondents’ perceived knowledge of watershed-related issues, satisfaction with existing water and watershed management practices, personal water consumption behaviours, and a favourable attitude towards participatory governance in watershed management. In contrast, socioeconomic factors such as income, education, and occupation did not exhibit a statistically significant influence on WTP. Among the critical environmental concerns identified by the respondents, drought and flooding were highlighted as the most pressing issues within the watershed, whereas other concerns were perceived as less significant. All influential variables excluding socioeconomic factors demonstrated a positive correlation with WTP, underscoring the critical role of public awareness and satisfaction in the successful adoption of IWRM. These results affirm the potential for community engagement in the implementation of watershed management programmes, thereby reinforcing the viability of people-centred approaches to IWRM in the Malaysian context. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers seeking to develop watershed management frameworks that are responsive to local environmental challenges, such as drought and flooding, while also enhancing public satisfaction and participation. The integration of such participatory and locally grounded strategies may contribute to more effective and sustainable IWRM outcomes in Malaysia and comparable settings globally.
{"title":"Shifting paradigm in water resources management: Public willingness to participate in watershed management of Batu Kurau, Perak, Malaysia","authors":"Khalid Sayed , Ridzwan Nazimuddin , M.I. Syakir , Shaiful Yusuff , Rahmah Johar , Zaher Mundher Yaseen","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water resources management (WRM) in Malaysia is currently undergoing a period of transformation. A central tenet of integrated water resources management (IWRM) is the active involvement of the public in decision-making processes. The successful implementation of this participatory approach hinges on the public’s willingness to participate (WTP). The present study investigates the levels of WTP among residents in three agriculturally-based villages located within the Batu Kurau watershed, a region where local communities depend on the watershed for their water needs. WTP was assessed through a structured questionnaire survey administered to 302 respondents across the three villages. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate various factors potentially influencing WTP, including socioeconomic characteristics, awareness and knowledge of watershed issues, values related to water resource use, satisfaction with both water and watershed management, and perceptions regarding involvement in watershed governance. The findings indicated a high level of WTP, with approximately 80% of respondents expressing support for the involvement in watershed management initiatives. Key determinants of WTP included respondents’ perceived knowledge of watershed-related issues, satisfaction with existing water and watershed management practices, personal water consumption behaviours, and a favourable attitude towards participatory governance in watershed management. In contrast, socioeconomic factors such as income, education, and occupation did not exhibit a statistically significant influence on WTP. Among the critical environmental concerns identified by the respondents, drought and flooding were highlighted as the most pressing issues within the watershed, whereas other concerns were perceived as less significant. All influential variables excluding socioeconomic factors demonstrated a positive correlation with WTP, underscoring the critical role of public awareness and satisfaction in the successful adoption of IWRM. These results affirm the potential for community engagement in the implementation of watershed management programmes, thereby reinforcing the viability of people-centred approaches to IWRM in the Malaysian context. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers seeking to develop watershed management frameworks that are responsive to local environmental challenges, such as drought and flooding, while also enhancing public satisfaction and participation. The integration of such participatory and locally grounded strategies may contribute to more effective and sustainable IWRM outcomes in Malaysia and comparable settings globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100694"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-06-25DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100695
Andres Suarez
The landscape of Salamina (Caldas, Colombia) has historically fulfilled multiple functions and undergone diverse transformations. The expansion of Hass avocado plantations (HAP) has marked a significant shift, redefining the landscape from a space of peasant self-sufficiency and social reproduction—characterized by landscape use-values—to a market-driven asset centered on the extraction of ecological surplus, represented as landscape exchange-values. This transition has been propelled by market compulsions, reinforced in recent years by the Hass avocado boom. This article applies a critical resource geography perspective to examine how land is reconfigured through the process of resource-making. It identifies the socio-historical, political, economic, and material factors that converge to facilitate HAP expansion, emphasizing the role of the state-capital nexus in enabling the commodification and exploitation of Salamina’s landscape.
{"title":"(Re)making landscapes into resources: the role of Hass avocado plantations in Salamina, Colombia","authors":"Andres Suarez","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The landscape of Salamina (Caldas, Colombia) has historically fulfilled multiple functions and undergone diverse transformations. The expansion of Hass avocado plantations (HAP) has marked a significant shift, redefining the landscape from a space of peasant self-sufficiency and social reproduction—characterized by landscape use-values—to a market-driven asset centered on the extraction of ecological surplus, represented as landscape exchange-values. This transition has been propelled by market compulsions, reinforced in recent years by the Hass avocado boom. This article applies a critical resource geography perspective to examine how land is reconfigured through the process of resource-making. It identifies the socio-historical, political, economic, and material factors that converge to facilitate HAP expansion, emphasizing the role of the state-capital nexus in enabling the commodification and exploitation of Salamina’s landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change and variability impact smallholders’ use of seeds from different sources. Empirical studies of smallholders’ use of crop diversity and seed provide essential evidence for the continued adaptation of seed policies to changing climatic conditions. We address two key questions: (i) How do smallholders in Uganda use off-farm seed sourcing and crop diversity in response to climate shocks and variability? and (ii) How do differences in socioeconomic status influence smallholders’ crop diversity and seed use? We analyze household seasonal panel data from the Uganda National Panel Survey, complemented by high-resolution climate data. Smallholder farmers maintain high crop diversity. About half of the farmers purchase part of the seeds used, and more farmers buy local than improved varieties. Fewer than 5% of farmers buy certified seed, and the purchase of Quality Declared Seed is at about the same level. Exposure to less-than-normal rainfall over the previous five years is associated with higher crop diversification, more seed purchases, and more farm-saving of seeds. Farmers experiencing long-term rainfall variability increase seed purchasing, particularly of improved varieties, and reduce seed saving. These findings suggest that crop diversity, variety type, and seed source are integral to farmers’ strategies for coping with and adapting to climate shocks. Wealthier farmers are more likely to diversify and increase off-farm seed purchases in response to drought shocks, highlighting unequal access to these adaptation strategies. Realizing the adaptation potential in crop diversity and seeds will require policy coherence and concomitant implementation of social protection programs with seed system interventions.
{"title":"The dynamics of crop diversity and seed use in the context of recurrent climate shocks and poverty: Seasonal panel data evidence from rural Uganda","authors":"Clifton Makate , Arild Angelsen , Teshome Hunduma Mulesa , Ola Tveitereid Westengen","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change and variability impact smallholders’ use of seeds from different sources. Empirical studies of smallholders’ use of crop diversity and seed provide essential evidence for the continued adaptation of seed policies to changing climatic conditions. We address two key questions: (i) How do smallholders in Uganda use off-farm seed sourcing and crop diversity in response to climate shocks and variability? and (ii) How do differences in socioeconomic status influence smallholders’ crop diversity and seed use? We analyze household seasonal panel data from the Uganda National Panel Survey, complemented by high-resolution climate data. Smallholder farmers maintain high crop diversity. About half of the farmers purchase part of the seeds used, and more farmers buy local than improved varieties. Fewer than 5% of farmers buy certified seed, and the purchase of Quality Declared Seed is at about the same level. Exposure to less-than-normal rainfall over the previous five years is associated with higher crop diversification, more seed purchases, and more farm-saving of seeds. Farmers experiencing long-term rainfall variability increase seed purchasing, particularly of improved varieties, and reduce seed saving. These findings suggest that crop diversity, variety type, and seed source are integral to farmers’ strategies for coping with and adapting to climate shocks. Wealthier farmers are more likely to diversify and increase off-farm seed purchases in response to drought shocks, highlighting unequal access to these adaptation strategies. Realizing the adaptation potential in crop diversity and seeds will require policy coherence and concomitant implementation of social protection programs with seed system interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100698"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-26DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100708
Deanna Kemp , John R. Owen
{"title":"Global mining and the production of inequality: a case for continued inquiry","authors":"Deanna Kemp , John R. Owen","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100708","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100708"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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