Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00410
Hervé Kengne Fogang , Hugues C. Nana Djeunga , Alvine C. Kengne-Fokam , Murielle C. Tchami Mbagnia , Flobert Njiokou , Dickson S. Nsagha , Emmanuel Yenshu , Joseph Kamgno
Schistosomiasis control currently relies on school-based preventive chemotherapy (PC) with praziquantel, which has been proven, unfortunately, insufficient to interrupt disease transmission in areas with persistent transmission. In the Ndikinimeki Health District (Centre Region, Cameroon), complementary strategies (community-based preventive chemotherapy, water sanitation, hygiene, and health education) have also been implemented to accelerate the interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in this focus. The assessment of the impact of this package of interventions revealed that only a few individuals were still infected with Schistosoma mansoni. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate whether schistosomiasis transmission has been interrupted in the Ndikinimeki Health District by assessing the infection among the population of snails, intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis. A cross-sectional malacological survey was conducted in four health areas of the Ndikinimeki Health District using a standardized technique. Collected snails were transported to the laboratory, where they were identified and exposed to sunlight for cercarial shedding. Overall, 350 snails intermediate hosts of schistosomes were collected in 32 sampling sites. A total of 330 (94.3 %) were identified as Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Biomphalaria camerunensis, and 20 (5.7 %) as Bulinus forskalii. Of the 154 snails that survived during 30 days of follow-up, 16 (10.4 %; 95 % CI: 6.5–16.2) shed cercariae, the infection rate being quite heterogeneous between snails' species and communities. This study revealed a residual transmission of schistosomiasis in the snail populations, emphasizing the need for snail control to complement current interventions and accelerate schistosomiasis transmission interruption.
{"title":"Residual transmission of schistosomiasis in Ndikinimeki Health District (Centre Region, Cameroon) despite implementation of complementary control strategies: Prospects for elimination","authors":"Hervé Kengne Fogang , Hugues C. Nana Djeunga , Alvine C. Kengne-Fokam , Murielle C. Tchami Mbagnia , Flobert Njiokou , Dickson S. Nsagha , Emmanuel Yenshu , Joseph Kamgno","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Schistosomiasis control currently relies on school-based preventive chemotherapy (PC) with praziquantel, which has been proven, unfortunately, insufficient to interrupt disease transmission in areas with persistent transmission. In the Ndikinimeki Health District (Centre Region, Cameroon), complementary strategies (community-based preventive chemotherapy, water sanitation, hygiene, and health education) have also been implemented to accelerate the interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in this focus. The assessment of the impact of this package of interventions revealed that only a few individuals were still infected with <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em>. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate whether schistosomiasis transmission has been interrupted in the Ndikinimeki Health District by assessing the infection among the population of snails, intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis. A cross-sectional malacological survey was conducted in four health areas of the Ndikinimeki Health District using a standardized technique. Collected snails were transported to the laboratory, where they were identified and exposed to sunlight for cercarial shedding. Overall, 350 snails intermediate hosts of schistosomes were collected in 32 sampling sites. A total of 330 (94.3 %) were identified as <em>Biomphalaria pfeifferi</em> and <em>Biomphalaria camerunensis</em>, and 20 (5.7 %) as <em>Bulinus forskalii.</em> Of the 154 snails that survived during 30 days of follow-up, 16 (10.4 %; 95 % CI: 6.5–16.2) shed cercariae, the infection rate being quite heterogeneous between snails' species and communities. This study revealed a residual transmission of schistosomiasis in the snail populations, emphasizing the need for snail control to complement current interventions and accelerate schistosomiasis transmission interruption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article e00410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div><div>Bovine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease that is caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasite in the genus of <em>Babesia. Babesia</em> infections affect cattle health, reduce milk and meat production and lead to economic losses in tropical and subtropical countries. <em>Babesia</em> parasites are difficult to diagnose in the early stage of infections during low parasitemia and asymptomatic conditions led to the lack of treatment and control at the early stage of infection. This study aimed to integrate a molecular tool for the detection and genetic characterization of <em>Babesia (B.) bovis and B. bigemina</em> in small-scale livestock farming in Thailand, and to study the risk factors association with <em>Babesia</em> infections in small scale livestock farms in Thailand. This study was conducted in four regions of Thailand between June 2023 and January 2024. Dairy and beef cattle blood samples were collected, genomic DNA were extracted and nested PCRs were performed. Data associated with <em>Babesia</em> infections were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and interview. Nested PCR targeting <em>B. bovis</em> spherical binding protein 4 (<em>SBP4</em>) and <em>B. bigemina</em> rhoptries associating protein 1a (<em>Rap1a</em>) genes were performed and direct sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were conducted. Risk factors association with <em>Babesia</em> infections were analyzed. PCR results, chemotherapeutic treatment options, and vector control suggestions were also reported to local veterinarians and farmers within 14 days. A total of 964 livestock blood samples were collected from 126 small scale farms in four regions of Thailand. <em>B. bovis</em> infection was predominant in buffalo (31.25 %), followed by dairy cattle (11.44 %) and beef cattle (7.47 %). <em>B. bigemina</em> infection was predominant in goats (53.33 %), followed by beef cattle (25.33 %) and dairy cattle (8.88 %). Mixed infection was also detected in beef and dairy cattle at 2.09 % and 1.58 %, respectively. Molecular characterization of <em>B. bovis SBP4</em> and <em>B. bigemina RAP1a</em> sequences showed that <em>B. bigemina</em> and <em>B. bovis</em> Thai isolates were closely related among geographical areas and shared genetic similarity among different hosts but were genetically distinct from <em>B. bigemina</em> and <em>B. bovis</em> from other countries. Risk factor analysis identified five factors associated with <em>B. bovis</em> infection and one factor associated with <em>B. bigemina</em> infection in small-scale livestock farming in Thailand. All the farmers were very satisfied with the integrative approach. This study implemented sensitive and specific nested PCR methods for the detection of <em>Babesia</em> in livestock. Applying an integrative approach by providing a sensitive diagnostic tool for identification of the infected animals and providing proper treatment and control measures to local farmers help combating babesiosis in small s
{"title":"Application of molecular approach in combination with providing treatment and control measures for combating Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina infections in small scale livestock farms in Thailand","authors":"Nutsuda Klinkaew , Pairpailin Jhaiaun , Giang Thi Nguyen , Ruttayaporn Ngasaman , Domechai Keawnoi , Niorn Rattanapob , Pipat Arunvipas , Meyanee Kanjanaphan , Nuttapon Manojai , Suwitcha Panchakhan , Julaluk Jaiboon , Piyavadee Numnual , Prattana Tong-in , Thongphanchang Khanthong , Paween Srirarai , Chutima Chantarakot , Pattarakitti Noenchat , Jaroonwit Napornram , Somtat Yangsuk , Tanakrit Cham-iam , Ketsarin Kamyingkird","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease that is caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasite in the genus of <em>Babesia. Babesia</em> infections affect cattle health, reduce milk and meat production and lead to economic losses in tropical and subtropical countries. <em>Babesia</em> parasites are difficult to diagnose in the early stage of infections during low parasitemia and asymptomatic conditions led to the lack of treatment and control at the early stage of infection. This study aimed to integrate a molecular tool for the detection and genetic characterization of <em>Babesia (B.) bovis and B. bigemina</em> in small-scale livestock farming in Thailand, and to study the risk factors association with <em>Babesia</em> infections in small scale livestock farms in Thailand. This study was conducted in four regions of Thailand between June 2023 and January 2024. Dairy and beef cattle blood samples were collected, genomic DNA were extracted and nested PCRs were performed. Data associated with <em>Babesia</em> infections were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and interview. Nested PCR targeting <em>B. bovis</em> spherical binding protein 4 (<em>SBP4</em>) and <em>B. bigemina</em> rhoptries associating protein 1a (<em>Rap1a</em>) genes were performed and direct sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were conducted. Risk factors association with <em>Babesia</em> infections were analyzed. PCR results, chemotherapeutic treatment options, and vector control suggestions were also reported to local veterinarians and farmers within 14 days. A total of 964 livestock blood samples were collected from 126 small scale farms in four regions of Thailand. <em>B. bovis</em> infection was predominant in buffalo (31.25 %), followed by dairy cattle (11.44 %) and beef cattle (7.47 %). <em>B. bigemina</em> infection was predominant in goats (53.33 %), followed by beef cattle (25.33 %) and dairy cattle (8.88 %). Mixed infection was also detected in beef and dairy cattle at 2.09 % and 1.58 %, respectively. Molecular characterization of <em>B. bovis SBP4</em> and <em>B. bigemina RAP1a</em> sequences showed that <em>B. bigemina</em> and <em>B. bovis</em> Thai isolates were closely related among geographical areas and shared genetic similarity among different hosts but were genetically distinct from <em>B. bigemina</em> and <em>B. bovis</em> from other countries. Risk factor analysis identified five factors associated with <em>B. bovis</em> infection and one factor associated with <em>B. bigemina</em> infection in small-scale livestock farming in Thailand. All the farmers were very satisfied with the integrative approach. This study implemented sensitive and specific nested PCR methods for the detection of <em>Babesia</em> in livestock. Applying an integrative approach by providing a sensitive diagnostic tool for identification of the infected animals and providing proper treatment and control measures to local farmers help combating babesiosis in small s","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article e00403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antiparasitic resistance represents a serious global public health concern with tremendous economic and safety implications. This study intended to investigate the expression of the two major resistant markers: cystathionine β synthase (CβS) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in antimony unresponsive Leishmania tropica isolates compared to responsive ones. Twenty-six patients were randomly selected from widely known foci of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in southeastern Iran. Written informed consent of the patients was obtained. Two smears were prepared from the edge of each active lesion; one for microscopic direct smear preparation and the other for inoculation into monophasic NNN media, then for mass production of promastigotes into RPMI-1640 monophasic culture for performing nested PCR and gene expression quantification by real-time PCR. Twenty-six patients consisting of 13 unresponsive and 13 responsive equally distributed among female and male groups. All cases were identified to be L. tropica. Both resistant gene markers were significantly up-regulated in unresponsive and responsive isolates. The findings showed that CβS and ODC are directly linked with the resistance to L. tropica. Alternative drugs or combination therapy and monitoring drug resistance to prevent the spread of resistant isolates are proper strategies to control the disease.
{"title":"Identification of CβS and ODC antimony resistance markers in anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis field isolates by gene expression profiling","authors":"Farzaneh Zarrinkar , Iraj Sharifi , Razieh Tavakoli Oliaee , Ali Afgar , Elaheh Molaakbari , Mehdi Bamorovat , Zahra Babaei , Ebrahim Eskandari , Ehsan Salarkia , Marzieh Asadi","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antiparasitic resistance represents a serious global public health concern with tremendous economic and safety implications. This study intended to investigate the expression of the two major resistant markers: cystathionine β synthase (CβS) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in antimony unresponsive <em>Leishmania tropica</em> isolates compared to responsive ones. Twenty-six patients were randomly selected from widely known foci of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in southeastern Iran. Written informed consent of the patients was obtained. Two smears were prepared from the edge of each active lesion; one for microscopic direct smear preparation and the other for inoculation into monophasic NNN media, then for mass production of promastigotes into RPMI-1640 monophasic culture for performing nested PCR and gene expression quantification by real-time PCR. Twenty-six patients consisting of 13 unresponsive and 13 responsive equally distributed among female and male groups. All cases were identified to be <em>L. tropica.</em> Both resistant gene markers were significantly up-regulated in unresponsive and responsive isolates. The findings showed that CβS and ODC are directly linked with the resistance to L. <em>tropica.</em> Alternative drugs or combination therapy and monitoring drug resistance to prevent the spread of resistant isolates are proper strategies to control the disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article e00413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00414
Mohsen Najjari , Ali Dehesht Manesh , Shahab Rezaeian , Bibi Razieh Hosseini Farrash , Mohammad Ali Mohammadi , Mohammad Ebrahimipour
Cystic echinococcosis can involve various organs in humans with the brain and spine being particularly vulnerable. This research aimed to study clinicopathological features and molecular analysis of the central nervous system (CNS) echinococcosis cases in a central hospital for hydatid cyst surgery in northeastern Iran. CNS echinococcosis cases from surgically managed human CE cases at Ghaem hospital in northeastern Iran were analyzed from 2012 to 2022. Demographic and clinicopathological data were collected for CNS echinococcosis cases and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks were used for molecular analysis. The total prevalence of CNS echinococcosis cases was 1. 8 %. Most of the CE cases were reported in women (64. 7 %) and from rural areas (58. 8 %). The highest number of cases (41. 2 %) were aged ≤18 years, with majority being ranchers (47. 1 %). Thirteen cases (76.5 %) were found to have cysts in their brain, particularly in the supratentorial site. Headache was the most commonly reported sign in cases (9/13, 69.2 %). Infiltration of eosinophils, polymorphic inflammatory cells, and giant cells, gliosis, and foreign body granulomatous reaction, along with mild infiltration of mononuclear cells showing degeneration and necrotic foci in the brain infections. Spine infections included bone cartilage, ligaments, and hydatid cyst wall fragments. PCR analysis conducted on 17 samples revealed the presence of 13 isolates of E. granulosus sensu lato. Among these, 11 were classified within the E. granulosus sensu stricto (G1 and/or G3) complex, while 2 isolates were identified as belonging to the E. canadensis G6/G7. Cerebrospinal infection is a significant aspect of CE cases in northcentral Iran, with a higher prevalence among women and in rural areas. Children were the most affected age group, with the E. granulosus s.s. genotypes being the most common.
{"title":"A ten-year evaluation of central nervous system cystic echinococcosis in a highly endemic area of Iran: Molecular epidemiology and clinicopathological characteristics","authors":"Mohsen Najjari , Ali Dehesht Manesh , Shahab Rezaeian , Bibi Razieh Hosseini Farrash , Mohammad Ali Mohammadi , Mohammad Ebrahimipour","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cystic echinococcosis can involve various organs in humans with the brain and spine being particularly vulnerable. This research aimed to study clinicopathological features and molecular analysis of the central nervous system (CNS) echinococcosis cases in a central hospital for hydatid cyst surgery in northeastern Iran. CNS echinococcosis cases from surgically managed human CE cases at Ghaem hospital in northeastern Iran were analyzed from 2012 to 2022. Demographic and clinicopathological data were collected for CNS echinococcosis cases and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks were used for molecular analysis. The total prevalence of CNS echinococcosis cases was 1. 8 %. Most of the CE cases were reported in women (64. 7 %) and from rural areas (58. 8 %). The highest number of cases (41. 2 %) were aged ≤18 years, with majority being ranchers (47. 1 %). Thirteen cases (76.5 %) were found to have cysts in their brain, particularly in the supratentorial site. Headache was the most commonly reported sign in cases (9/13, 69.2 %). Infiltration of eosinophils, polymorphic inflammatory cells, and giant cells, gliosis, and foreign body granulomatous reaction, along with mild infiltration of mononuclear cells showing degeneration and necrotic foci in the brain infections. Spine infections included bone cartilage, ligaments, and hydatid cyst wall fragments. PCR analysis conducted on 17 samples revealed the presence of 13 isolates of <em>E. granulosus sensu lato.</em> Among these, 11 were classified within the <em>E. granulosus sensu stricto</em> (G1 and/or G3) complex, while 2 isolates were identified as belonging to the <em>E. canadensis</em> G6/G7. Cerebrospinal infection is a significant aspect of CE cases in northcentral Iran, with a higher prevalence among women and in rural areas. Children were the most affected age group, with the <em>E. granulosus s.s.</em> genotypes being the most common.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article e00414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00408
Alebie Mesfin , Woynshet Gelaye , Getaneh Alemu
In impoverished nations, intestinal protozoan infections (IPIs) are a leading cause of diarrhea in children. However, in the majority of afflicted nations, including Ethiopia, the role played by each intestinal protozoa species in causing diarrhea and the risk factors linked with it are not adequately addressed. This would support focused intervention efforts. The prevalence of IPIs and related variables were evaluated between April and May 2023 among 380 under-five children in Borena district of Amhara region, central Ethiopia, by an institution-based cross-sectional survey. Systematic random sampling was used to select study participants. The study included a structured questionnaire to gather data regarding sociodemographic characteristics and perceived risk factors for IPIs. Using saline and iodine wet mounts as well as Richie's modified formol-ethyl acetate concentration technique, stool samples were collected and analyzed under a microscope. SPSS was used to enter and evaluate the data. At a 95 % confidence level, bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine the factors linked to intestinal protozoa infection. Among 380 participants, 136 (35.8 %) were tested positive for one or more intestinal parasite species at least by one of the diagnostic methods. 118 (31.1 %; 95 % CI: 26.6–36.1) children were infected by intestinal protozoans.
The parasites detected were: G. lamblia 71 (18.7 %) and E. histolytica/disar 54 (14.2 %), E. vermicularis 3 (0.8 %), A. lumbricoides 2 (0.5 %), H. nana 2 (0.5 %) and T. trichiura 1 (0.3 %). Seven (1.8 %) participants were infected by both protozoan species. Children whose mothers/guardians did not attend formal education were at higher risk of IPI (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.801; 95 %CI: 1.666–4.711, p<0.001) than children from literate mothers/guardians. Absence of functional toiltet in the household (AOR = 1.952; 95 %CI: 1.195–3.187, p = 0.008), hand washing with water alone, rather than with soap/ash (AOR = 3.052; 95 %CI: 1.203–7.746, p = 0.019) and having frequent contact with animals (AOR = 2.103; 95 %CI: 1.238–3.574, p = 0.006) were associated with IPIs. These findings revealed that Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica are public health problems causing diarrhea among under-five children in the study area, and their transmission is associated with the illiteracy of mothers/guardians, the absence of functional toilets, not using soap/ash during hand washing, and frequent contact with domestic animals. Therefore, when diagnosing, treating, and educating patients about diarrhea, healthcare professionals should take these protozoans into account.
{"title":"Intestinal protozoa infections and associated factors among diarrheal under-five children in Borena district, central Ethiopia","authors":"Alebie Mesfin , Woynshet Gelaye , Getaneh Alemu","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In impoverished nations, intestinal protozoan infections (IPIs) are a leading cause of diarrhea in children. However, in the majority of afflicted nations, including Ethiopia, the role played by each intestinal protozoa species in causing diarrhea and the risk factors linked with it are not adequately addressed. This would support focused intervention efforts. The prevalence of IPIs and related variables were evaluated between April and May 2023 among 380 under-five children in Borena district of Amhara region, central Ethiopia, by an institution-based cross-sectional survey. Systematic random sampling was used to select study participants. The study included a structured questionnaire to gather data regarding sociodemographic characteristics and perceived risk factors for IPIs. Using saline and iodine wet mounts as well as Richie's modified formol-ethyl acetate concentration technique, stool samples were collected and analyzed under a microscope. SPSS was used to enter and evaluate the data. At a 95 % confidence level, bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine the factors linked to intestinal protozoa infection. Among 380 participants, 136 (35.8 %) were tested positive for one or more intestinal parasite species at least by one of the diagnostic methods. 118 (31.1 %; 95 % CI: 26.6–36.1) children were infected by intestinal protozoans.</div><div>The parasites detected were: <em>G. lamblia</em> 71 (18.7 %) and <em>E. histolytica/disar</em> 54 (14.2 %), <em>E. vermicularis</em> 3 (0.8 %), <em>A. lumbricoides</em> 2 (0.5 %), <em>H. nana</em> 2 (0.5 %) and <em>T. trichiura</em> 1 (0.3 %). Seven (1.8 %) participants were infected by both protozoan species. Children whose mothers/guardians did not attend formal education were at higher risk of IPI (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.801; 95 %CI: 1.666–4.711, <em>p</em> <em><</em> <em>0.001</em>) than children from literate mothers/guardians. Absence of functional toiltet in the household (AOR = 1.952; 95 %CI: 1.195–3.187, <em>p = 0.008</em>), hand washing with water alone, rather than with soap/ash (AOR = 3.052; 95 %CI: 1.203–7.746, <em>p = 0.019</em>) and having frequent contact with animals (AOR = 2.103; 95 %CI: 1.238–3.574, <em>p = 0.006</em>) were associated with IPIs. These findings revealed that <em>Giardia lamblia</em> and <em>Entamoeba histolytica</em> are public health problems causing diarrhea among under-five children in the study area, and their transmission is associated with the illiteracy of mothers/guardians, the absence of functional toilets, not using soap/ash during hand washing, and frequent contact with domestic animals. Therefore, when diagnosing, treating, and educating patients about diarrhea, healthcare professionals should take these protozoans into account.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article e00408"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00415
Solomon Tesfaye, Mastewal Yeshambel, Amir Alelign, Tilahun Yohannes
Bovine schistosomiasis and fasciolosis, caused by flatworms from different species of Schistosoma and Fasciola, continue to be significant animal health concerns in cattle farming in developing countries like Ethiopia. However, not enough epidemiological information is available in most parts of Ethiopia in this respect. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the magnitude of these two important zoonotic diseases and the associated risk factors in south Achefer district, northwest Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was carried out in June and August of 2020. The research cattle, which belonged to farmers in three selected localities, were chosen by a simple random sampling method. Freshly collected faecal samples were subjected to a parasitological test using the sedimentation technique to identify eggs of Schistosoma and Fasciola. We used Pearson's chi-square (χ2) test to ascertain the degree of variation between the proportions of disease occurrence. Logistic regression analyses were performed for the risk factor analysis. The overall prevalence of Schistosoma bovis and Fasciola hepatica was 9.6 % (37/384) and 54.2 % (208/384), respectively. Cross-bred cattle had around twice the odds of contracting Fasciola hepatica than local cattle (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 1.87, 95 % CI: 1.02–3.43). The prevalence of Fasciola hepatica was more than seven times higher in younger cattle than in older cattle (AOR: 7.31, 95 % CI: 3.54–15.08). Comparatively to cattle in good physical health, those in poor physical condition were shown to contract Fasciola hepatica more than four times (AOR: 4.85, 95 % CI: 1.94–12.14). This study indicated that bovine Schistosoma and Fasciola infections remain among the major cattle health problems in the study area. Therefore, appropriate intervention methods should be implemented for effective zoonotic disease control in the study area.
{"title":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine Schistosoma and Fasciola infections among cattle in South Achefer District, North West Ethiopia","authors":"Solomon Tesfaye, Mastewal Yeshambel, Amir Alelign, Tilahun Yohannes","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine schistosomiasis and fasciolosis, caused by flatworms from different species of <em>Schistosoma</em> and <em>Fasciola</em>, continue to be significant animal health concerns in cattle farming in developing countries like Ethiopia. However, not enough epidemiological information is available in most parts of Ethiopia in this respect. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the magnitude of these two important zoonotic diseases and the associated risk factors in south Achefer district, northwest Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was carried out in June and August of 2020. The research cattle, which belonged to farmers in three selected localities, were chosen by a simple random sampling method. Freshly collected faecal samples were subjected to a parasitological test using the sedimentation technique to identify eggs of <em>Schistosoma</em> and <em>Fasciola</em>. We used Pearson's chi-square (χ2) test to ascertain the degree of variation between the proportions of disease occurrence. Logistic regression analyses were performed for the risk factor analysis. The overall prevalence of <em>Schistosoma bovis</em> and <em>Fasciola hepatica</em> was 9.6 % (37/384) and 54.2 % (208/384), respectively. Cross-bred cattle had around twice the odds of contracting <em>Fasciola hepatica</em> than local cattle (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 1.87, 95 % CI: 1.02–3.43). The prevalence of <em>Fasciola hepatica</em> was more than seven times higher in younger cattle than in older cattle (AOR: 7.31, 95 % CI: 3.54–15.08). Comparatively to cattle in good physical health, those in poor physical condition were shown to contract <em>Fasciola hepatica</em> more than four times (AOR: 4.85, 95 % CI: 1.94–12.14). This study indicated that bovine <em>Schistosoma</em> and <em>Fasciola</em> infections remain among the major cattle health problems in the study area. Therefore, appropriate intervention methods should be implemented for effective zoonotic disease control in the study area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article e00415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intestinal parasitic infections are a major public health issue worldwide, and vegetables contaminated with these parasites have been implicated in their transmission. This study investigated the prevalence and distribution of intestinal parasites (IPs) on fresh vegetables in Bangkok, Thailand, and surrounding areas. This cross-sectional survey was conducted from November 1 to December 31, 2022. Vegetable samples were purchased from 12 markets in Bangkok and on surrounding areas. A total of 1800 fresh vegetable samples were collected and examined using direct wet-mount microscopy by parasitologists. The total prevalence of IPs in fresh vegetables was 21.17 %, with the highest prevalence observed in peppermint (79.17 %), followed by Thai basil (72.50 %) and Centella asiatica (40.83 %). Soil-transmitted helminths were predominantly detected, including hookworm larvae (13.06 %), Strongyloides spp. (rhabditiform larvae) (6.61 %), and Ascaris lumbricoides (2.50 %). Furthermore, open-air markets in rural areas had a 1.40 times higher chance (95 % CI: 1.10–1.74, P = 0.005) of IP contamination in vegetables than structured markets in urban areas. Additionally, fresh products in rural open-air markets were 8.54 times more likely to be contaminated with Blastocystis sp. (95 % CI: 2.57–28.40, P < 0.001) and 2.46 times more likely to be contaminated with Taeniidae spp. (95 % CI: 1.01–5.95, P = 0.036) compared to produce from structured markets in urban areas. The presence of these parasites in fresh vegetables highlights the need for improved food safety measures, including proper hygiene practices during vegetable cultivation, harvesting, transportation, and storage. Public health education campaigns on the risks of consuming contaminated vegetables should also be implemented to reduce the burden of intestinal parasitic infections in Thailand.
肠道寄生虫感染是世界范围内的一个主要公共卫生问题，被这些寄生虫污染的蔬菜与它们的传播有关。本研究调查了泰国曼谷及周边地区新鲜蔬菜肠道寄生虫的流行及分布情况。这项横断面调查于2022年11月1日至12月31日进行。蔬菜样本是从曼谷及其周边地区的12个市场购买的。共采集新鲜蔬菜样品1800份，由寄生虫学家采用直接湿贴显微镜进行检测。新鲜蔬菜中IPs的总患病率为21.17%，其中薄荷患病率最高（79.17%），其次是泰国罗勒（72.50%）和积雪草（40.83%）。土壤传播蠕虫主要为钩虫幼虫（13.06%）、圆线虫幼虫（6.61%）和类蚓蛔虫（2.50%）。此外，农村地区露天市场蔬菜中IP污染的可能性（95% CI: 1.10-1.74, P = 0.005）是城市地区结构化市场的1.40倍。此外，农村露天市场的新鲜产品被囊虫污染的可能性是其8.54倍(95% CI: 2.57-28.40, P <；0.001)，与城市地区结构化市场的产品相比，被带绦虫感染的可能性高出2.46倍（95% CI: 1.01-5.95, P = 0.036）。这些寄生虫在新鲜蔬菜中的存在突出表明需要改进食品安全措施，包括在蔬菜种植、收获、运输和储存过程中采取适当的卫生措施。还应开展关于食用受污染蔬菜风险的公共卫生教育运动，以减轻泰国肠道寄生虫感染的负担。
{"title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasitic contamination in fresh vegetables in Bangkok, Thailand, and surrounding areas: A cross-sectional survey","authors":"Pokkamol Laoraksawong , Uthaitip Bunkasem , Anunya Pradidthaprecha","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intestinal parasitic infections are a major public health issue worldwide, and vegetables contaminated with these parasites have been implicated in their transmission. This study investigated the prevalence and distribution of intestinal parasites (IPs) on fresh vegetables in Bangkok, Thailand, and surrounding areas. This cross-sectional survey was conducted from November 1 to December 31, 2022. Vegetable samples were purchased from 12 markets in Bangkok and on surrounding areas. A total of 1800 fresh vegetable samples were collected and examined using direct wet-mount microscopy by parasitologists. The total prevalence of IPs in fresh vegetables was 21.17 %, with the highest prevalence observed in peppermint (79.17 %), followed by Thai basil (72.50 %) and <em>Centella asiatica</em> (40.83 %). Soil-transmitted helminths were predominantly detected, including hookworm larvae (13.06 %), <em>Strongyloides</em> spp. (rhabditiform larvae) (6.61 %), and <em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em> (2.50 %). Furthermore, open-air markets in rural areas had a 1.40 times higher chance (95 % CI: 1.10–1.74, <em>P</em> = 0.005) of IP contamination in vegetables than structured markets in urban areas. Additionally, fresh products in rural open-air markets were 8.54 times more likely to be contaminated with <em>Blastocystis</em> sp. (95 % CI: 2.57–28.40, <em>P</em> < 0.001) and 2.46 times more likely to be contaminated with Taeniidae spp. (95 % CI: 1.01–5.95, <em>P</em> = 0.036) compared to produce from structured markets in urban areas. The presence of these parasites in fresh vegetables highlights the need for improved food safety measures, including proper hygiene practices during vegetable cultivation, harvesting, transportation, and storage. Public health education campaigns on the risks of consuming contaminated vegetables should also be implemented to reduce the burden of intestinal parasitic infections in Thailand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article e00416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143241549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. This study investigated the prevalence of C. burnetii in traditional dairy products, specifically yogurt and cheese, in Lorestan Province. A total of 100 samples of traditional yogurt and unpasteurized cheese were collected from various regions. To analyze the genome of C. burnetii, DNA was purified and molecular detection was performed using nested PCR with primers specific to the IS1111 transposon gene. The results revealed a prevalence of 13.3 % (95 % CI: 6.9 %–24.16 %) in yogurt samples and 12.5 % (95 % CI: 5.46 %–26.11 %) in cheese samples. Additionally, a significant seasonal variation in contamination levels was observed, with a p-value of less than 0.05. However, no significant correlation was found between geographical location and the degree of contamination. These findings suggest that the contamination of dairy products with C. burnetii is likely due to the bacterium's ‘spore-like’ form and the lack of pasteurization in the traditional production of yogurt and cheese. While the direct risk of transmission via unpasteurized dairy products is considered low, these products should still be monitored in Q fever outbreaks.
{"title":"Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in unpasteurized dairy products in west of Iran","authors":"Soheila Mohammadkhanifard, Amin Jaydari, Ehsan Rashidian, Nemat Shams, Peyman Khademi","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by <em>Coxiella burnetii</em>. This study investigated the prevalence of <em>C. burnetii</em> in traditional dairy products, specifically yogurt and cheese, in Lorestan Province. A total of 100 samples of traditional yogurt and unpasteurized cheese were collected from various regions. To analyze the genome of <em>C. burnetii</em>, DNA was purified and molecular detection was performed using nested PCR with primers specific to the <em>IS1111</em> transposon gene. The results revealed a prevalence of 13.3 % (95 % CI: 6.9 %–24.16 %) in yogurt samples and 12.5 % (95 % CI: 5.46 %–26.11 %) in cheese samples. Additionally, a significant seasonal variation in contamination levels was observed, with a <em>p</em>-value of less than 0.05. However, no significant correlation was found between geographical location and the degree of contamination. These findings suggest that the contamination of dairy products with <em>C. burnetii</em> is likely due to the bacterium's ‘spore-like’ form and the lack of pasteurization in the traditional production of yogurt and cheese. While the direct risk of transmission via unpasteurized dairy products is considered low, these products should still be monitored in Q fever outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article e00411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the major causes of morbidity and death in children is malaria, and HIV infection and other factors may make the situation worse. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malaria parasitemia among HIV-infected children under 15 years in the Bonassama Health District, Douala, Cameroon, and investigate its association with CD4 cell counts, viral load, and haematological parameters.
Methods
The study was a cross-sectional study involving 287 HIV-infected children <15 years and convenient sampling was used to enrol participants. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain the characteristics of the participants from the caregivers. Venous blood was collected; blood films were made and stained using Giemsa for parasite detection. Full blood count, CD4 level and viral load were measured using a haematology auto-analyzer, pima counter and genexpert, respectively. Data were analysed using SPSS, and the chi-square test was used to assess the association. Predisposing factors to malaria were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression, and a p < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results
The overall prevalence of malaria and anaemia was 31.01 % and 25.44 %, respectively. Malaria prevalence was significantly higher in children <5 years (42.68 %, p < 0.001), those presented with fever (40.70 %, p = 0.047), children not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) (28.6 %, p = 0.02) and cotrimoxazole (28.6 %, p = 0.02). Children <5 years (AOR = 1.81, 95 % 1.19–2.75), those between 5 and 9 years (AOR = 1.61, 95 % CI 1.11–2.48), children not on ART(AOR = 2.2, 95 % 1.03–4.74) and Cotrimoxazole (AOR = 9.08, 95 % 2.33–43.46), febrile children (AOR = 1.72, 95 % 1.01–2.11), children with viral load >3000 copies/μL(AOR = 2.933, 95 % 1.36–6.49), and CD4 count <200cells/ μL (AOR = 3.09, 95 % 2.08–4.6) were factors associated with malaria parasitemia among HIV-infected children. Haemoglobin levels (p = 0.0016), White Blood Cells (p = 0.002), Red Blood Cells (P < 0.001), neutrophils count (p < 0.001), and platelet counts (p = 0.0164) were significantly lowered among malaria/HIV children compared to HIV-infected children.
Conclusion
The study concludes that HIV-infected children under 5 years, especially those not on ART or cotrimoxazole, are at a significantly higher risk for malaria and related haematological issues. This underscores the necessity for targeted malaria screening and treatment in this vulnerable group. Public health strategies should prioritize enhancing access to ART and cotrimoxazole to mitigate these risks and improve overall health outcomes.
{"title":"Malaria parasitemia and its association with CD4 cells, viral load and haematological parameters among HIV-infected children < 15 years in the Bonasssama Health District, Douala, Cameroon: Prevalence and risk factors","authors":"Ambe Fabrice Ngwa , Ekwi Damian Nsongmayi , Tanyi Pride Bobga , Bih Vanessa Tita , Judith Ngong Nyeme , Nyanjoh Eugine Mbuh","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>One of the major causes of morbidity and death in children is malaria, and HIV infection and other factors may make the situation worse. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malaria parasitemia among HIV-infected children under 15 years in the Bonassama Health District, Douala, Cameroon, and investigate its association with CD4 cell counts, viral load, and haematological parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study was a cross-sectional study involving 287 HIV-infected children <15 years and convenient sampling was used to enrol participants. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain the characteristics of the participants from the caregivers. Venous blood was collected; blood films were made and stained using Giemsa for parasite detection. Full blood count, CD4 level and viral load were measured using a haematology auto-analyzer, pima counter and genexpert, respectively. Data were analysed using SPSS, and the chi-square test was used to assess the association. Predisposing factors to malaria were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression, and a <em>p</em> < 0.05 was considered significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall prevalence of malaria and anaemia was 31.01 % and 25.44 %, respectively. Malaria prevalence was significantly higher in children <5 years (42.68 %, <em>p</em> < 0.001), those presented with fever (40.70 %, <em>p</em> = 0.047), children not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) (28.6 %, <em>p</em> = 0.02) and cotrimoxazole (28.6 %, p = 0.02). Children <5 years (AOR = 1.81, 95 % 1.19–2.75), those between 5 and 9 years (AOR = 1.61, 95 % CI 1.11–2.48), children not on ART(AOR = 2.2, 95 % 1.03–4.74) and Cotrimoxazole (AOR = 9.08, 95 % 2.33–43.46), febrile children (AOR = 1.72, 95 % 1.01–2.11), children with viral load >3000 copies/μL(AOR = 2.933, 95 % 1.36–6.49), and CD4 count <200cells/ μL (AOR = 3.09, 95 % 2.08–4.6) were factors associated with malaria parasitemia among HIV-infected children. Haemoglobin levels (<em>p</em> = 0.0016), White Blood Cells (<em>p</em> = 0.002), Red Blood Cells (<em>P</em> < 0.001), neutrophils count (<em>p</em> < 0.001), and platelet counts (<em>p</em> = 0.0164) were significantly lowered among malaria/HIV children compared to HIV-infected children.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study concludes that HIV-infected children under 5 years, especially those not on ART or cotrimoxazole, are at a significantly higher risk for malaria and related haematological issues. This underscores the necessity for targeted malaria screening and treatment in this vulnerable group. Public health strategies should prioritize enhancing access to ART and cotrimoxazole to mitigate these risks and improve overall health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e00390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT) is one of the most sensitive diagnostic method not only for all helminths, but also for Opisthorchis viverrini infections in stool examinations. However, it remains a diagnostic problem for light infections. We modified the one-step FECT to determine the low-intensity of O. viverrini infection and compared with various conventional detection methods. The study utilized 160 egg-positive and 160 randomly negative stool samples for O. viverrini eggs by conventional FECT (cFECT) to compare the methods, including the simple smear, the Kato-Katz method, the two commercial stool examination kits, and the one-step FECT. Our results showed that the one-step FECT method had the highest sensitivity (95.6 %), followed by cFECT (87.9 %), the Kato-Katz (55.5 %), Aquisfek SF-FIX® (48.3 %), simple smear (42.3 %), and Mini Parasep® SF (35.1 %). The ability of one-step FECT exhibited better ability to detect low parasite intensities compared to the cFECT (18 eggs per gram (e.p.g.) versus 34 e.p.g.) and the other conventional diagnostic methods. In addition, the investigation of O. viverrini infection in endemic regions in northeastern Thailand based on 3900 fecal samples revealed that the one-step FECT with an intensity of 66.8 e.p.g. (range 18–226) was significantly higher in sensitivity than cFECT, which had an intensity of 58.0 e.p.g. (range 34–214). Interestingly, fecal samples with less than 50 e.p.g. could not be detected by cFECT in 67 % of cases, and 69 out of 3900 samples were negative. In conclusion, one-step FECT improves the detection of low-intensity O. viverrini infection, which is suitable for parasites screening, especially for low-intensity infections in the community.
{"title":"Enhanced detection of Opisthorchis viverrini infection: A comparative evaluation of modified one-step FECT and conventional diagnostic methods in low-intensity setting","authors":"Suksanti Prakobwong , Lakhanawan Charoensuk , Kacha Chedtabud , Somchai Pinlaor , Srisupaph Poonlaphdecha , Alexis Ribas","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT) is one of the most sensitive diagnostic method not only for all helminths, but also for <em>Opisthorchis viverrini</em> infections in stool examinations. However, it remains a diagnostic problem for light infections. We modified the one-step FECT to determine the low-intensity of <em>O. viverrini</em> infection and compared with various conventional detection methods. The study utilized 160 egg-positive and 160 randomly negative stool samples for <em>O. viverrini</em> eggs by conventional FECT (cFECT) to compare the methods, including the simple smear, the Kato-Katz method, the two commercial stool examination kits, and the one-step FECT. Our results showed that the one-step FECT method had the highest sensitivity (95.6 %), followed by cFECT (87.9 %), the Kato-Katz (55.5 %), Aquisfek SF-FIX® (48.3 %), simple smear (42.3 %), and Mini Parasep® SF (35.1 %). The ability of one-step FECT exhibited better ability to detect low parasite intensities compared to the cFECT (18 eggs per gram (e.p.g.) versus 34 e.p.g.) and the other conventional diagnostic methods. In addition, the investigation of <em>O. viverrini</em> infection in endemic regions in northeastern Thailand based on 3900 fecal samples revealed that the one-step FECT with an intensity of 66.8 e.p.g. (range 18–226) was significantly higher in sensitivity than cFECT, which had an intensity of 58.0 e.p.g. (range 34–214). Interestingly, fecal samples with less than 50 e.p.g. could not be detected by cFECT in 67 % of cases, and 69 out of 3900 samples were negative. In conclusion, one-step FECT improves the detection of low-intensity <em>O. viverrini</em> infection, which is suitable for parasites screening, especially for low-intensity infections in the community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e00391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号