Obesity Medicine最新文献_第4页

Overweight/obesity and sedentary Behavior: Dual modifiable factors associated with Hypertension–diabetes comorbidity among adults in Haiphong, Vietnam 超重/肥胖和久坐行为：越南海防成年人高血压-糖尿病合并症的双重可改变因素

Q2 Medicine

Obesity Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100649

Thuc Huy Phan , Kien Trung Dong , Diem Thi Hong Nguyen , Hong Thi Nguyen , Khoa Xuan Tang , Anh Hai Cao , Linh Thuy Nguyen , Tuyet Thi Hong Nguyen , Duc Minh Cap

Aims

Hypertension and diabetes are major global public health challenges. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of comorbid hypertension and diabetes and to identify associated factors among adults in Haiphong, Vietnam.

Materials and methods

A large-scale cross-sectional screening study involving 2100 adults was conducted. Participants were selected using multistage sampling from November to December 2023. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, blood pressure measurements, and anthropometric assessments. Fasting plasma glucose levels were determined using venous blood samples. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with comorbid hypertension and diabetes.

Results

The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and their comorbidity was 21.8 %, 10.6 %, and 4.3 %, respectively. In the overall population, comorbidity was significantly associated with age 50–60 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.03; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.53–16.60), male sex (aOR, 1.84; 95 % CI, 1.06–3.21), overweight/obesity (aOR, 1.98; 95 % CI, 1.17–3.36), and sedentary behavior ≥8 h/day (aOR, 2.37; 95 % CI, 1.26–4.46). Among males, significant factors included age 50–60, sedentary behavior, and high-risk alcohol use. Among females, comorbidity was associated with overweight/obesity and a family history of diabetes.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the need for gender-sensitive interventions to reduce the burden of hypertension–diabetes comorbidity in adults. For males, strategies should address sedentary lifestyles, alcohol-related risks, and age-related screening, while in females, efforts should focus on weight management and early identification of individuals with a family history of diabetes.

高血压和糖尿病是全球主要的公共卫生挑战。本研究旨在评估越南海防市成人高血压和糖尿病的患病率，并确定相关因素。材料与方法对2100名成人进行了大规模横断面筛查研究。研究对象于2023年11月至12月采用多阶段抽样方法进行选择。通过面对面访谈、血压测量和人体测量评估收集数据。使用静脉血样本测定空腹血糖水平。进行单变量和多变量logistic回归分析，以确定与高血压和糖尿病合并症相关的因素。结果高血压、糖尿病及其合并症患病率分别为21.8%、10.6%和4.3%。在总体人群中，共病与年龄50-60岁（校正优势比[aOR]， 5.03； 95%可信区间[CI]， 1.53-16.60）、男性（aOR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.06-3.21）、超重/肥胖（aOR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.17-3.36）和久坐行为≥8小时/天（aOR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.26-4.46）显著相关。在男性中，重要因素包括年龄50-60岁、久坐行为和高风险饮酒。在女性中，合并症与超重/肥胖和糖尿病家族史有关。结论这些发现强调了采取性别敏感的干预措施以减轻成人高血压-糖尿病合并症的负担的必要性。对于男性，策略应该解决久坐不动的生活方式、酒精相关的风险和年龄相关的筛查，而对于女性，努力应该集中在体重管理和早期识别有糖尿病家族史的个体。

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引用次数: 0

Diabetes mellitus: Complications, emerging therapeutic targets, and evolving treatment approaches 糖尿病：并发症，新出现的治疗靶点和不断发展的治疗方法

Q2 Medicine

Obesity Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100652

Sharfuddin Mohd, Lekkala Lithin Kumar, Vancha Harish, Rakesh Kumar, Aakriti Chaudhary, Vikas Sharma

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder effecting the carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism, primarily caused by elevated blood glucose levels, due to the insulin deficiency or impaired glucose uptake by the body cells. Its clinical manifestations including polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, blurry vision, extreme fatigue can lead to severe complications such as diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiomyopathy imposing substantial global health and economic burdens. This review synthesizes current evidence on the pathophysiology and clinical spectrum of DM complications, highlighting the roles of glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, advanced glycation end-products, mitochondrial dysfunction, maladaptive inflammation, and microvascular rarefaction. Additionally, emerging biomarkers linked to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications are summarized and reviewed. The novel therapeutic targets, include glucokinase, AMPK, SIRT1, SIRT3, GPR120 activators, TGR5, GPR119 agonists, PTP1B and G-FAT inhibitors as next generation drugs. Advanced treatment strategies encompass gene and cell-based approaches next-generation drug delivery systems-nanocarriers, nanopumps, closed-loop “smart” insulin technologies. We also review applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning for early detection, progression prediction, treatment optimization and personalized care, alongside insights from recent clinical trials and innovation trends in the patent landscape.

糖尿病（DM）是一种影响碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂质代谢的慢性代谢紊乱，主要由胰岛素缺乏或身体细胞葡萄糖摄取受损引起的血糖水平升高引起。其临床表现包括多饮、多尿、多食、视力模糊、极度疲劳等，可导致糖尿病肾病、神经病变、视网膜病变和心肌病等严重并发症，给全球健康和经济带来沉重负担。这篇综述综合了糖尿病并发症的病理生理学和临床谱的最新证据，强调了糖毒性、脂肪毒性、氧化应激、晚期糖基化终产物、线粒体功能障碍、适应性不良炎症和微血管疏松的作用。此外，总结和回顾了与糖尿病并发症发病机制相关的新兴生物标志物。新的治疗靶点包括葡萄糖激酶、AMPK、SIRT1、SIRT3、GPR120激活剂、TGR5、GPR119激动剂、PTP1B和G-FAT抑制剂等下一代药物。先进的治疗策略包括基于基因和细胞的方法——下一代药物输送系统——纳米载体、纳米泵、闭环“智能”胰岛素技术。我们还回顾了人工智能和机器学习在早期检测、进展预测、治疗优化和个性化护理方面的应用，以及最近临床试验和专利领域创新趋势的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Angiopoietins: A potential therapeutic target in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy 血管生成素：治疗糖尿病肾病的潜在治疗靶点

Q2 Medicine

Obesity Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100659

Komal Thapa , Neha Kanojia , Heena Khan , Amarjot Kaur , Thakur Gurjeet Singh

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) represents one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus and is a major contributor to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In this condition, persistent metabolic and haemodynamic disturbances gradually damage the glomerular filtration barrier. The resulting structural changes include podocyte detachment, thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, reduction in the endothelial glycocalyx, accumulation of extracellular matrix within the mesangium, and progressive glomerulosclerosis. Together, these pathological alterations impair renal function and eventually lead to irreversible kidney failure. Vascular growth factors, particularly angiopoietins (ANGs), play a central role in regulating glomerular structure and function under normal physiological conditions. ANGs are critical for maintaining the stability of blood vessels and preserving the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. However, in diabetes, dysregulation of ANG signaling activates multiple pathogenic pathways that contribute to endothelial dysfunction, mesangial expansion, and increased vascular permeability, key features of DN progression. This review highlights the role of ANGs in DN and their potential as therapeutic targets, either directly or through modulation of related signaling pathways. While preclinical evidence is promising, further animal studies are needed to clarify their therapeutic value in managing DN.

糖尿病肾病（DN）是糖尿病最严重的并发症之一，是终末期肾脏疾病（ESRD）的主要诱因。在这种情况下，持续的代谢和血流动力学紊乱逐渐损害肾小球滤过屏障。由此导致的结构改变包括足细胞脱离、肾小球基底膜增厚、内皮糖萼减少、系膜内细胞外基质积聚和肾小球硬化进展。总之，这些病理改变损害肾功能并最终导致不可逆的肾衰竭。在正常生理条件下，血管生长因子，特别是血管生成素（ANGs）在调节肾小球结构和功能方面发挥着核心作用。ANGs对于维持血管的稳定性和保持肾小球滤过屏障的完整性至关重要。然而，在糖尿病中，ANG信号的失调激活了多种致病途径，导致内皮功能障碍、系膜扩张和血管通透性增加，这是DN进展的关键特征。这篇综述强调了ANGs在DN中的作用及其作为治疗靶点的潜力，无论是直接的还是通过相关信号通路的调节。虽然临床前证据是有希望的，但需要进一步的动物研究来阐明它们在治疗DN中的治疗价值。

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引用次数: 0

Flavonoids as a potential therapeutic intervention targeting pancreatic lipase for obesity: Current updates on the mechanistic insights, pharmacological activity, and drug delivery challenges 黄酮类化合物作为针对胰腺脂肪酶治疗肥胖症的潜在治疗干预：机制见解，药理活性和药物传递挑战的最新进展

Q2 Medicine

Obesity Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100662

A. Pon Arasi , Rajan Logesh

Obesity is a major health problem around the globe that is defined by high levels of fat storage and the related metabolic issues. Despite their effectiveness in most contexts, current pharmacological treatments tend to cause adverse effects, which leads to the desire to find safer methods. Flavonoid acts as a powerful anti-obesity effect mediated by several ways, including inhibition of adipogenesis, control of lipid metabolism, and deflation of inflammation and oxidative stress, but altering the lipid metabolism by inhibiting the pancreatic lipase enzyme could be an interesting target. Although there are encouraging advances, their use in clinical practice is limited by a lack of aqueous solubility, instability in physiological conditions, and low oral bioavailability. New developments in nanotechnology, like lipid carriers, nanogels, nanoemulsions, and cyclodextrin complexes, have shown a great aptitude to improve flavonoids' stability, absorption, site-specific delivery, and controlled liberation. Their treatment activity is evidenced by in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, especially when they are combined with bioavailability-enhancing strategies. The latest benefits of flavonoids in managing obesity, their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and recent trends in utilising various nanotechnological applications to enhance their clinical use have all been reviewed here (2017–2025). Further, a large-scale clinical validation and long-term safety profiling, optimisation of cost-effective, regulatory-compliant delivery systems to help realise the potential of flavonoid-based therapeutics as practical interventions against the challenge of obesity.

肥胖是全球范围内的一个主要健康问题，由高水平的脂肪储存和相关的代谢问题所定义。尽管它们在大多数情况下是有效的，但目前的药物治疗往往会引起不良反应，这导致人们希望找到更安全的方法。黄酮类化合物具有强大的抗肥胖作用，其途径包括抑制脂肪生成、控制脂质代谢、抑制炎症和氧化应激，但通过抑制胰脂肪酶来改变脂质代谢可能是一个有趣的目标。尽管取得了令人鼓舞的进展，但由于缺乏水溶性、生理条件不稳定和口服生物利用度低，它们在临床实践中的应用受到限制。纳米技术的新发展，如脂质载体、纳米凝胶、纳米乳液和环糊精配合物，已经显示出极大的潜力来改善黄酮类化合物的稳定性、吸收、位点特异性传递和控制释放。体外、体内和临床研究证明了它们的治疗活性，特别是当它们与提高生物利用度的策略结合使用时。本文回顾了类黄酮在控制肥胖方面的最新益处、它们的药代动力学和药效学，以及利用各种纳米技术应用来增强其临床应用的最新趋势（2017-2025）。此外，大规模的临床验证和长期安全性分析，优化成本效益，符合法规的输送系统，以帮助实现基于黄酮类化合物的治疗方法作为对抗肥胖挑战的实际干预措施的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of quality of life among type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertensive patients in Punjab region: A WHOQoL-BREF based hospital study 旁遮普地区2型糖尿病和高血压患者生活质量评价：基于WHOQoL-BREF的医院研究

Q2 Medicine

Obesity Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100651

Priyanka Garg, Palakurthi Yanadaiah

Aim

According to recent WHO report, type 2 diabetes mellitus along with associated conditions like hypertension are the most prevalent and alarming disorders especially in low-income settings. The prognosis rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension depends on the quality of life of the patients. It arises concern to perform research on this group of patients to reduce the poor outcomes and to improve the prognosis of the disease. This study merely focuses on evaluating the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted at Christian Medical College & Hospital in Ludhiana, Punjab, India, using a WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire. The research was conducted among 126 hypertensive and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, aged between 18 and 70 years. Each patient received informed consent before filling the questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS 16, ANOVA, and an independent student t-test.