Obesity Medicine最新文献

Background and aim

Bisphenol -A and –S (BPA and BPS), chemicals used in food packaging, have been associated with risk of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between BPA, BPS and oxidative stress with lipid profiles and changes on blood glucose induced via aerobic exercise assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Methods

Male and female young adults (23.52 ± 2.47 yrs old) participated in 2 separate testing days. On both days, an OGTT was performed, wherein blood glucose was measured before Maltodextrin consumption and following 30-, 60-, and 75-min. On the exercising day, subjects ran for 30-min while they remained seated on the resting day. Urinary BPA, BPS and 8-isoprostane (a marker of oxidative stress) were assessed each day. Lipid profile, body fat percentage and physical fitness was also analyzed.

Results

Blood glucose uptake of both experimental days was negatively associated with body fat (r = −0.52 resting and −0.51 exercising) and to 8-isoprostane on the exercising day (ρ = −0.47). Urinary BPA and BPS were positively associated with 8-isoprostane (ρ = 0.73, for both bisphenols). BPA and 8-isoprostane were negatively correlated with physical fitness (ρ = −0.58 and −0.74, respectively) while 8-isoprostane was negatively associated with increased HDL (ρ = −0.47).

Conclusions

The interrelation between 8-isoprostane and both BPA and BPS suggest that oxidative stress could be the link between the harmful effect of these chemicals on the human body.

Objective

Asprosin is a newly discovered hormone that is primarily secreted by white adipose tissue and plays a crucial role in regulating glucose metabolism. Recent studies have shown that asprosin levels are significantly elevated in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which suggests that it may play a role in the pathogenesis of this condition. The idea of this study was to investigate the effect of treadmill exercise during pregnancy on serum asprosin concentration in rats with GDM.

Materials and methods

Forty female Wistar rats (weighing 250–270 g) were randomly assigned into four groups: control (Ctr) group, control + Exercise (Ctr + Exc) group, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) group, and GDM + Exercise (GDM + Exc) group. Ctr + Exc and GDM + Exc groups underwent treadmill exercise during pregnancy. Maternal weight during pregnancy period, birth weight of offspring, levels of fasting blood glucose (FBS), insulin and asprosin level were measured.

Results

Serum Asprosin concentration in the GDM group was significantly higher than Ctr and Ctr + Exc groups (P < 0.0001), on the other hand, asprosin level in the GDM + Exc group was significantly lower than in the GDM group (P < 0.0001).

The weight of the GDM group was significantly higher than the Ctr and Ctr + Exc groups at 20th day of gestation (P > 0.05). Serum FBS and insulin levels in the GDM + Exc group were significantly lower than GDM group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively).

Conclusion

Based on the results of our study, treadmill exercise can be an effective intervention to regulate asprosin secretion and metabolism, as a preferred non-pharmacological treatment in GDM.

Emotional eating is a crucial factor cause of obesity. Although the factors affecting emotional eating in obesity are diverse, they are still not fully clarified. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether blood group and Rh factor changes influence emotional eating in obesity among control and obesity groups. The baseline characteristics, emotional eating (EEQ) scores, and body composition differences were investigated in a sample of female outpatients (n = 151) aged 18–65 years old attending the clinic. The Control group (n = 47) was formed from non-obese individuals. Bodyweight, body mass index (BMI), fat percentage (%), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) were determined using a bioimpedance device (Tanita-BC418). Body height was measured on a flat surface without shoes. Participants completed the emotional eating questionnaire (EEQ) scores and Beck depression scale after body analysis. Blood group information was determined by the gel column method using agglutination techniques. The study findings demonstrated significant differences in EEQ scores between Rh-positive and Rh-negative individuals. Rh-positive individuals had higher EEQ scores compared to Rh-negative individuals. We observed a positive correlation between BMI and depression scores and emotional eating in the obese group with blood type ‘A. In the obese group, positive correlations were found between EEQ scores and BMI and between EEQ scores and Beck depression scores in individuals with blood types A and O, respectively. These findings provide insights into the demographic and anthropometric characteristics, emotional eating patterns, and body composition differences among individuals with different blood types, particularly concerning obesity. These results contribute to understanding how blood types may interact with psychological and physiological factors in the context of obesity.

The incidence and prevalence of obesity-mediated cardiometabolic complications are increasing gradually worldwide. In the elderly population, sarcopenic obesity causes significant changes in glucose and lipid metabolism, increasing morbidity and mortality rates. Early assessment and strategic treatment patterns for sarcopenic obesity is crucial in preventing the development and worsening of metabolic conditions like diabetes, renal, hepatic complications, cardiovascular dysfunction, etc. Plant-derived medicines have a long history of use in various chronic complications. Since the majority of the patient believe alternative therapies are inherently safe. Existing preclinical and clinical studies ensure that most bioactive compounds play a significant role in glucose and lipid homeostasis.

Mobile applications for weight-loss can be an ally in clinical practice for the treatment of overweight and obesity. This has led to focus efforts on the development of this type of app. Moreover, the topic has attracted the interest of the scientific community with respect to design and usability. Nevertheless, despite the growing quantity of research there has not as yet been a focus on weight-loss applications in the Spanish-speaking market. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the quality and usability of the most popular weight-loss apps in this kind of market. To do so, we have taken into account engagement, functionality, aesthetics, quality of information, and weight-loss strategies employed. Our analysis found that the use of apps is concentrated in a low number, and whilst they are rated positively by users, they lack scientific backing.

Introduction

Parkinson's disease is considered one of the most important neurodegenerative diseases after Alzheimer's and is characterized by a complex pathological nature. Obesity is a highly prevalent disease that is key to many chronic diseases. Recent research has focused on the association between obesity, high-fat diets, neurotoxins, and Parkinson's disease.

Objectives

This review aimed to investigate the effect of a high-fat diet on Parkinson's biomarkers in the brain and the mechanisms by which obesity related to a high-fat diet provokes neurotoxins and proteins and contributes to the development of Parkinson's.

Methods and materials

Data were collected by searching literature published in PubMed, Science Direct, or registered in clinicaTrials.gov between April/2022 to September/2022. Full-text relevant original articles were included, which were published from 2000 to 2022. The exclusion criteria were abstracts, conference proceedings, case reports, and non-English language studies.

Results and conclusion

Studies have shown an association between a high-fat diet (40–60%) and the alteration in Parkinson's biomarkers in the brain. Obesity and high fat intake alter Parkinson's biomarkers, provoke neurotoxins, and induce neurotoxicity and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons within weeks or months. Also, findings showed that studies focused on certain biomarkers and fat percentages. However, many did not mention the amount and ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the dietary intervention, which could be a potential contributor. Therefore, more research is required to provide information about all biomarkers, especially those shared with Alzheimer's, and the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the neuroinflammation process.

Background

We have previously demonstrated the efficacy of lycopene against cardiovascular and neurological complications associated with obesity. However, its effect on anaemia and ionic disturbances associated with obesity remain unexplored; hence, this study.

Procedures

Obesity was induced with a Western-style diet. Thereafter, rats were distributed into five groups (n = 6): control, obese, obese + lycopene (20 mg/kg b.wt.), obese + lycopene (40 mg/kg b.wt.), and normal + lycopene (40 mg/kg b.wt.), for four weeks.

Findings

Obese rats had significantly (P < 0.001) reduced serum concentrations of Na⁺, Mg²⁺, and Cl⁻ (by 31.8%, 24.1%, and 37.2%, respectively), whereas K⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations were significantly (P < 0.001) increased by over one-fold, compared to the control. Red blood cell count, haemoglobin, serum iron, and other blood indices were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced compared to the control, whereas serum hepcidin was elevated. Obese rats also presented insulin resistance, hallmarked by poor glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, higher HOMA-IR, hyperglycaemia, and higher glycated haemoglobin concentrations. In the liver, we also observed upregulated TNFα expression and downregulated IRS-1 expression. The liver and kidneys activities of Na⁺/K⁺- and Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺-ATPases were inhibited in obese rats. However, treatment with lycopene alleviated obesity-induced ionic disturbances, improved haematological indices, improved insulin sensitivity and iron homeostasis, upregulated IRS-1 expression and ATPases activity, and downregulated TNFα expression, in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that lycopene can protect against obesity-induced ionic disturbances and anaemia with improved insulin sensitivity, ATPases activities, and iron status as possible underlying mechanisms.

This study investigated the effects of a low-calorie ketogenic diet (LCKD) (10–15% carbohydrate, 60–75% fat, 10–25% protein) compared with a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) (40% carbohydrate, 30% fat, 30% protein) on body composition, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and lipid profile in overweight/obese women. The results showed a significant difference (p-value ≤0.005) in the change of the BMI (−2.79 and −1.88 kg/m²), basal metabolic rate (BMR) (−72.45 and −50.42 kcal), skeletal muscle mass (SMM) (0.68 and 0.67 kg), muscle mass (MM) (2.2 and 1.0 kg), fat-free mass (FFM) (−2.34 and −1.04 kg) and visceral fat rate (VF) (−3.55 and −1.95) between the intervention groups (p-value <0.05). There was a significant difference between both interventions in the change of FBS and lipid profile (p-value was <0.001). Both interventions improved BMI and affected body composition positively, reducing abdominal adiposity, and improving the lipid profile and FBS, during the time in which the research was conducted with higher change differences in the LCKD within 8 weeks only. Accordingly, conducting longer-term research on these dietary patterns is recommended to approve its effect on the long-term and the follow-up.

Background

The increasing rate of diabetes and its complications are inevitably increasing the economic burden on healthcare systems. Hence, achieving diabetes ABC goals (HbA1c <7%, Blood pressure <140/90 mmHg, and LDL-C <100 mg/dl) is an essential part of diabetes management.

Methods

In this retrospective study, 1900 patients with type2 diabetes were recruited. These patients were divided into two 5-year groups; the years 2010–2014 and 2015–2019 and were evaluated based on the achievement of ABC goals.

Results

This study showed that in the second 5 year period (2015–2019) there was a significant increase in the achievement of the all three ABC goals compared to 2010–2014. The achievement of LDL<100 mg/dl in patient without cardiovascular disease and LDL<70 mg/dl in patient with cardiovascular disease was better in 2015–2019 compared to that of 2010–2014 (65.4% vs 54.6% Pvalue<0.001). In this study, HbA1C (P value = 0.007), LDL-C (Pvalue <0.001), and coronary heart disease (Pvalue <0.001) were significantly lower in 2015–2019 compared to that of 2010–2014.

Duration of diabetes, albuminuria and triglyceride level negatively associated with achievement of all three ABC goals (OR: 0.962, OR: 0.485, OR: 0.994, respectively) (all pvalue <0.05).

Conclusions

The proportion of patients who had achieved the ABC goals in the years 2015–2019 was significantly more than that of 2010–2014. However; achievement of goals was generally suboptimal.