Obesity Medicine最新文献

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a severe infertility-causing disorder rapidly affecting females of reproductive age. It is a multifaceted disorder related to the endocrine system and manifests indicators such as hyperandrogenism, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Other prominent characteristics include obesity, metabolic syndrome, irregular menstrual cycles, diabetes mellitus, infertility, hirsutism, acne, endometrial cancer, and cardiovascular disease. The etiopathogenesis of PCOS is not fully understood, but non-Mendelian inheritance is considered a major cause due to genetic complexity. Conventional treatments typically target individual symptoms, sometimes leading to contraindications and numerous side effects, often resulting in less effective outcomes. However, effective surgical methods recommended by professionals include Bariatric Surgery, as well as Complementary and Alternative Medicine based approaches like Moxibustion, acupuncture utilized in clinical practice, aiding patients in regaining a healthy lifestyle. Emerging approaches, such as nanotechnology-based therapies, hold promise for addressing PCOS and its related conditions simultaneously. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems possess unique properties that may enhance bioavailability and therapeutic responses. Phytochemicals represent potential futuristic candidates with multifaceted effects in managing the disease, particularly when effectively delivered through nanoparticles. In this review different aspects of therapeutic interventions are discussed thoroughly and it also highlights the challenges associated with treating PCOS, discussing various treatment options available alongside future directions.

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the association between television viewing frequency and anthropometric indices in Peruvian women aged 15–49 years.

Methods

A secondary analysis of the 2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey of Peru was conducted. Anthropometric measures related to increased cardio-metabolic risk, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR), and Conicity Index (CnI), were evaluated as outcomes. Television viewing frequency during a typical week (never [0 times per month]; occasionally [1 to 3 times per month]; and frequently [≥1 time per week]) was the exposure variable. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed considering confounding values as age, education level, current employment status, wealth index, residence area, region of residence, and current smoking status.

Results

A total of 13,249 women aged 15–49 years were included in the analysis. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 39.3% and 25.0%, respectively. Watching television frequently increased the odds of being overweight or obese (aOR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.12; p = 0.019), as well as having higher tertiles for WC (aOR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.20; p = 0.008), WHtR (aOR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.26; p = 0.010), and CnI (aOR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.09; p = 0.031), compared to those who never watched television.

Conclusions

A higher television viewing frequency was associated with obesity and increased values of WC, WHtR, and CnI. These insights underscore the potential impact of television habits on weight-related outcomes and provide valuable considerations for public health initiatives.

The research aims to investigate the relationship of body mass index indicators on the appearance and nature of damage to the genetic material of lymphocyte cells in patients with diagnosed obesity without concomitant pathological conditions. The research methods included anthropometry, biochemical blood examination, immunofluorescence analysis, and static data processing. Characterization of nuclear damage was assessed by studying the phosphorylated histone protein γ-H2AX loci in circulating lymphocytes (computational tool – AKLIDES). The study sample comprised 235 adult patients, categorized into four groups based on body mass index, with randomization conducted for age and sex matching between the groups. BMI increased with higher degrees of obesity. DNA damage in lymphocytes showed significant differences among groups, particularly in overweight patients. Correlations between BMI and various DNA damage indices suggest a relationship between body weight and genetic material breakage in circulating lymphocytes. The analysis of the data revealed that the number of deoxyribonucleic acid double-strand breaks per lymphocyte as well as the number of nuclei with break foci and the break diameter itself correlated with the body mass index and in some cases with the waist/hip index as well as the waist/height index. The results of the work can be used to improve treatment protocols for obese patients, as well as implemented in preventive programs to prevent the development of overweight and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Lifestyle modification is at the forefront of CVD disease prevention. Lifestyle modification includes taking steps to increase physical activity and practising a healthy, balanced diet to lower risk factors for developing CVD. Intermittent fasting (IF) has increasingly become popular among subjects wanting to lose weight and maintain a healthy weight; it has also been reported to be associated with other health benefits as well. IF is an eating plan that alternates between fasting and eating on a regular schedule. Although there are no large, randomised controlled trials directly addressing intermittent fasting and cardiovascular outcomes, existing clinical and animal research suggest that IF may reduce the risk of CVD by improving cardiovascular risk factors. This review aims to introduce the topic of intermittent fasting and examine the effects of IF on CVD risk factors specifically effects on serum lipid profile, blood pressure and blood glucose levels. Results from clinical and animal studies on these risk factors will be reviewed.

Aim

Abdominal adipose tissue is closely related to inflammatory parameters. During the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, inflammatory markers determined the prognosis of the patients. The study aims to investigate the prognostic value of abdominal adipose tissue and its compartments, CRP (C-reactive protein), and NLR (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio) in patients with COVID-19.

Materials and methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 381 patient records with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results and low-dose chest computerized tomography (CT) scans between January 1, 2021, and May 30, 2021, at a single center. The study included 270 patients after excluding those under 18 years, with contrast-enhanced CT scans, inappropriate CT images, existing lung masses, or a history of abdomen/thorax operations. Patient demographics, chronic diseases, laboratory results, adipose tissue measurements, and the presence and score of findings on chest CT were noted.

Results

To evaluate the prognosis of the patient group, the group was divided into two groups, hospitalized and non-hospitalized individuals. The group of hospitalized individuals had significantly higher levels of total severity score (TSS), total adipose tissue (TAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), CRP, and NLR parameters compared to the non-hospitalized group (p < 0.05). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age, TSS, SAT, and CRP levels were found to independently have a significant effect (p < 0.05) in discriminating between hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients.

Conclusion

Our study shows that abdominal adipose tissue, especially subcutaneous compartment and related comorbidities increase the risk of hospitalization for COVID-19 infection. In the current era of widespread COVID-19 variants, healthcare professionals can use these parameters to assess hospitalized patients and provide a prognostic tool.

Advances in knowledge

This study analyzed abdominal adipose tissue and inflammatory parameters associated with COVID-19 infection. The contrast with other studies is that SAT value was determined as a significant independent variable. This indicates that there is a need for more studies on this subject.

Aim

This paper tests for the existence of Obesity Kuznets Curve (OKC); that is, an inverse U-shape pattern between income and obesity (as measured by Body Mass Index).

Methods

We employ linear probability model and logistic regression using cross-sectional data obtained from “2019 Türkiye Health Research” provided by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK).

Results

Our findings reveal that OKC hypothesis holds for Türkiye such that the likelihood of obesity first increases as income rises and after reaching a maximum point, it starts to decrease. Furthermore, the study reveals that obesity differs according to gender, so women are more likely to be obese than men. Our empirical study also reveals that marriage, education, age, and physical activity are closely associated with the likelihood of being obese in Türkiye.

Conlusions

There is a non-linear relationship between income and obesity. The study also reveals that obesity differs according to gender and marriage, education, age, and physical activity are closely associated with the likelihood of being obese in Türkiye.

Wound healing in diabetic patients, particularly diabetic wound, poses a substantial challenge compared to typical wounds and can frequently worsen, potentially leading to amputation. Conventional treatments often fall short in effectively healing diabetic wounds and addressing their numerous complications. Growth factors are recognized as pivotal in orchestrating the intricate process of diabetic wound healing. Various growth factors, such as transforming growth factor beta 1, insulin-like growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, assume distinct roles in this healing process. This suggests that therapeutic interventions capable of modulating multiple growth factors to align with the specific needs of wound healing could significantly enhance the treatment of diabetic wounds. Furthermore, some existing treatments have demonstrated the ability to facilitate the healing of diabetic wounds by influencing specific growth factors. The objective of this study was to investigate that the individual contributions of each growth factor in therapeutic strategies, with the aim of stimulating further innovative approaches to diabetes wound care.

Aim

Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a latent virus widely spread in the human population. Obesity and HCMV infection are associated with immunological changes in T lymphocytes. This study aimed to evaluate if the association between overweight/obesity and HCMV infection would influence populations of peripheral blood T lymphocytes.

Methods

Plasma and peripheral mononuclear cells were isolated from 111 individuals. The biochemical markers and anti-HCMV IgG were quantified in the plasma. The individuals were classified as eutrophic, overweight or obese, based on their body mass index. The lymphocyte populations helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, memory T regulatory cells, memory effector T cells, early differentiated effector memory cytotoxic T cells, and terminally differentiated effector memory cytotoxic T cells were quantified by flow cytometry.

Results

Approximately half of the individuals studied (46.5%) were seropositive for HCMV, of which 14.1% were eutrophic, 8.1% overweight, and 24.32% were obese. The results showed a substantial reduction in the CD4:CD8 ratio in patients with overweight or obesity, and an increase in the circulating terminally differentiated effector memory cytotoxic T cells, both associated with HCMV positive serology.

Conclusions

HCMV infection, when associated with weight gain contributes to the profile of immunological senescence mediated by an increase in the number of circulating terminally differentiated cytotoxic T cells.