R factor and Steatosis-Associated Fibrosis Estimator (SAFE) score utilized to evaluate the connection between them and glycemic control and non-invasive tests in liver fibrosis among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).
Methods
The 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database was used and participants with DM or those with glycohemoglobin levels of 6.5% or higher were included. The R factor, the SAFE score, FIB-4, FIB-8, Fatty Liver Index (FLI), Hepatic steatosis index (HSI), Glycemic Risk Assessment in Diabetes Equation (GRADE), McAuley's Index, and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) were calculated for each participant. The Pearson's correlation and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve were utilized.
Results
Among 885 diabetic participants, the SAFE score had a moderate correlation with liver stiffness (r = 0.34, p < 0.0001) and weak correlation with CAP (r = 0.11, p = 0.0011). The R factor demonstrated weaker correlations with liver fibrosis markers. The SAFE score strongly correlated with FIB-4 and FIB-8 (both r = 0.78, p < 0.0001). Glycemic markers showed mixed correlations with SAFE score and R factor. The SAFE score demonstrated good accuracy (AUROC = 0.717, 95% confidence interval: 0.667–0.768) in detecting advanced liver fibrosis in diabetic subjects, outperforming other non-invasive tests.
Conclusion
The SAFE score and R factor correlate with liver fibrosis markers in diabetic patients, with the SAFE score showing slightly stronger associations. The complex relationships between glycemic state markers and liver fibrosis indices suggest that liver health in diabetic patients may not be directly proportional to current glycemic control.
{"title":"The association between glycemic state, R factor and Steatosis-Associated Fibrosis Estimator score in advanced liver fibrosis in patients with diabetes mellitus","authors":"Mohammadjavad Sotoudeheian , Seyed-Mohamad-Sadegh Mirahmadi , Reza Azarbad","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>R factor and Steatosis-Associated Fibrosis Estimator (SAFE) score utilized to evaluate the connection between them and glycemic control and non-invasive tests in liver fibrosis among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database was used and participants with DM or those with glycohemoglobin levels of 6.5% or higher were included. The R factor, the SAFE score, FIB-4, FIB-8, Fatty Liver Index (FLI), Hepatic steatosis index (HSI), Glycemic Risk Assessment in Diabetes Equation (GRADE), McAuley's Index, and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) were calculated for each participant. The Pearson's correlation and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve were utilized.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 885 diabetic participants, the SAFE score had a moderate correlation with liver stiffness (r = 0.34, p < 0.0001) and weak correlation with CAP (r = 0.11, p = 0.0011). The R factor demonstrated weaker correlations with liver fibrosis markers. The SAFE score strongly correlated with FIB-4 and FIB-8 (both r = 0.78, p < 0.0001). Glycemic markers showed mixed correlations with SAFE score and R factor. The SAFE score demonstrated good accuracy (AUROC = 0.717, 95% confidence interval: 0.667–0.768) in detecting advanced liver fibrosis in diabetic subjects, outperforming other non-invasive tests.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The SAFE score and R factor correlate with liver fibrosis markers in diabetic patients, with the SAFE score showing slightly stronger associations. The complex relationships between glycemic state markers and liver fibrosis indices suggest that liver health in diabetic patients may not be directly proportional to current glycemic control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100573
Junyu Sui , Bei Wu , Yaguang Zheng , Zhiyue Mo , Qianyu Dong , Lan N. Ðoàn , Stella S. Yi , Xiang Qi
Aims
Compare racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of non-obese type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the proportion of non-obese individuals among T2D patients.
Methods
This cross-sectional study used ICD-9/10 codes to ascertain T2D. Participants were classified as non-obese by BMI (<25 kg/m2 for normal weight; <23 kg/m2 for Asian Americans), waist circumference (<102 cm for males, <88 cm for females), and waist-to-hip ratio (<0.9 for males, <0.85 for females). The statistical analysis used marginal standardization of predicted probabilities from multivariable logistic regression to calculate the prevalence.
Key results
Among 276,736 participants (mean age 51.7, 61.2% female), non-obese T2D prevalence varied: 6.85% (BMI), 4.17% (waist circumference), 3.63% (waist-to-hip ratio). Asian participants had the highest prevalence of normal-weight T2D (2.70% vs. 1.92% in White, OR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.22–1.69) and non-obese T2D by waist circumference (8.04% vs. 3.36%, OR 2.61, 95% CI: 2.35–2.89). Black participants had the highest prevalence using waist-to-hip ratio (5.37% vs. 2.91%, OR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.80–2.03).
Conclusion
Asian Americans showed higher non-obese T2D prevalence by BMI and waist circumference, while Black adults had higher prevalence by waist-to-hip ratio, suggesting different fat distribution patterns.
目的：比较非肥胖型2型糖尿病（T2D）患病率的种族差异和T2D患者中非肥胖个体的比例。方法：横断面研究采用ICD-9/10编码确定T2D。参与者按BMI分为非肥胖(正常体重为2；关键结果：在276,736名参与者（平均年龄51.7岁，女性61.2%）中，非肥胖型T2D患病率变化：6.85% (BMI), 4.17%（腰围），3.63%（腰臀比）。亚洲参与者的正常体重T2D患病率最高（白人为2.70%，白人为1.92%,OR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.22-1.69），非肥胖T2D的腰围患病率最高（8.04%，白人为3.36%,OR 2.61, 95% CI: 2.35-2.89）。黑人受试者腰臀比最高（5.37% vs. 2.91%, OR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.80-2.03）。结论：亚裔美国人BMI和腰围的非肥胖型T2D患病率高于黑人，腰臀比的非肥胖型T2D患病率高于黑人，说明不同的脂肪分布模式。
{"title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in the burden of non-obese type 2 diabetes using different anthropometric measurements","authors":"Junyu Sui , Bei Wu , Yaguang Zheng , Zhiyue Mo , Qianyu Dong , Lan N. Ðoàn , Stella S. Yi , Xiang Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Compare racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of non-obese type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the proportion of non-obese individuals among T2D patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study used ICD-9/10 codes to ascertain T2D. Participants were classified as non-obese by BMI (<25 kg/m<sup>2</sup> for normal weight; <23 kg/m<sup>2</sup> for Asian Americans), waist circumference (<102 cm for males, <88 cm for females), and waist-to-hip ratio (<0.9 for males, <0.85 for females). The statistical analysis used marginal standardization of predicted probabilities from multivariable logistic regression to calculate the prevalence.</div></div><div><h3>Key results</h3><div>Among 276,736 participants (mean age 51.7, 61.2% female), non-obese T2D prevalence varied: 6.85% (BMI), 4.17% (waist circumference), 3.63% (waist-to-hip ratio). Asian participants had the highest prevalence of normal-weight T2D (2.70% vs. 1.92% in White, OR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.22–1.69) and non-obese T2D by waist circumference (8.04% vs. 3.36%, OR 2.61, 95% CI: 2.35–2.89). Black participants had the highest prevalence using waist-to-hip ratio (5.37% vs. 2.91%, OR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.80–2.03).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Asian Americans showed higher non-obese T2D prevalence by BMI and waist circumference, while Black adults had higher prevalence by waist-to-hip ratio, suggesting different fat distribution patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100576
Tianru Jin
{"title":"Comments on the chronic inflammation hypothesis: From the angle on exploring metabolic function of dietary interventions","authors":"Tianru Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100576","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women, characterized by ovarian cysts and often complicated by metabolic issues like insulin resistance and obesity, which exacerbate disease progression. Due to limitations in current treatments, this study introduces a novel dual approach by comparing Fennel Essential Oil (FEO) and manganese (Mn) as alternative treatments for miR-145 modulation and ovarian function in a PCOS rat model, highlighting miR-145 as a therapeutic target in PCOS-related metabolic and reproductive dysfunctions. Additionally, virtual screening was conducted to assess the inhibitory potential of three FDA-approved drugs and trans-anethole, a main component of fennel, on IGF2R which is a hub protein linking PCOS to insulin resistance and obesity. This study, addressing the gap between miR-145 and IGF2R as PCOS targets, offers new insights for managing PCOS.
Methods
The study involved 30 rats, divided into six groups (n = 5). Three control groups (sesame oil, FEO, and manganese for 14 days) and three experimental groups (PCOS-induced by estradiol valerate, FEO treatment, and manganese treatment for 14 days). miR-145 gene expression was evaluated using qRT-PCR, while ovarian changes were examined histologically. Virtual screening of FDA-approved compounds was carried out using molecular docking and ADMET profiling.
Results
The study found that EV caused ovarian cysts and reduced miR-145 expression, while FEO increased cyst formation and decreased gene expression in normal rats. However, in PCOS rats, FEO significantly reduced ovarian cysts and increased miR-145 expression, though manganese was more effective than fennel. Virtual screening identified three FDA-approved compounds including Ergotamine (−9.2 kcal/mol), Lomitapide (−9.1 kcal/mol), and Maraviroc (−8.6 kcal/mol), as the best IGF2R inhibitors, outperforming fennel's trans-anethole. These findings suggest that targeting IGF2R could complement miR-145 modulation by addressing associated metabolic disorders and providing alternative treatments in PCOS patients.
Conclusion
This dual approach, combining experimental modulation of miR-145 and improving ovarian function through FEO and Mn with in silico targeting of IGF2R for the first time, offers a novel therapeutic angle by managing ovarian function as well as related metabolic disorders like obesity and insulin resistance in PCOS. Future research should explore the clinical potential of these compounds, focusing on the key therapeutic targets miR-145 and IGF2R in PCOS treatment.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of fennel essential oil and manganese in PCOS rat model via modulating miR-145 expression and structure-based virtual screening of IGF2R protein to address insulin resistance and obesity","authors":"Maryam Barancheshmeh , Hossein Najafzadehvarzi , Naser Shokrzadeh , Cena Aram","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women, characterized by ovarian cysts and often complicated by metabolic issues like insulin resistance and obesity, which exacerbate disease progression. Due to limitations in current treatments, this study introduces a novel dual approach by comparing Fennel Essential Oil (FEO) and manganese (Mn) as alternative treatments for miR-145 modulation and ovarian function in a PCOS rat model, highlighting miR-145 as a therapeutic target in PCOS-related metabolic and reproductive dysfunctions. Additionally, virtual screening was conducted to assess the inhibitory potential of three FDA-approved drugs and trans-anethole, a main component of fennel, on IGF2R which is a hub protein linking PCOS to insulin resistance and obesity. This study, addressing the gap between miR-145 and IGF2R as PCOS targets, offers new insights for managing PCOS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study involved 30 rats, divided into six groups (n = 5). Three control groups (sesame oil, FEO, and manganese for 14 days) and three experimental groups (PCOS-induced by estradiol valerate, FEO treatment, and manganese treatment for 14 days). miR-145 gene expression was evaluated using qRT-PCR, while ovarian changes were examined histologically. Virtual screening of FDA-approved compounds was carried out using molecular docking and ADMET profiling.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found that EV caused ovarian cysts and reduced miR-145 expression, while FEO increased cyst formation and decreased gene expression in normal rats. However, in PCOS rats, FEO significantly reduced ovarian cysts and increased miR-145 expression, though manganese was more effective than fennel. Virtual screening identified three FDA-approved compounds including Ergotamine (−9.2 kcal/mol), Lomitapide (−9.1 kcal/mol), and Maraviroc (−8.6 kcal/mol), as the best IGF2R inhibitors, outperforming fennel's trans-anethole. These findings suggest that targeting IGF2R could complement miR-145 modulation by addressing associated metabolic disorders and providing alternative treatments in PCOS patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This dual approach, combining experimental modulation of miR-145 and improving ovarian function through FEO and Mn with in silico targeting of IGF2R for the first time, offers a novel therapeutic angle by managing ovarian function as well as related metabolic disorders like obesity and insulin resistance in PCOS. Future research should explore the clinical potential of these compounds, focusing on the key therapeutic targets miR-145 and IGF2R in PCOS treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100572
Suene Franciele Nunes Chaves , Daniele Pereira da Silva Araújo , Larissa Quintão Guilherme , Pablo Augusto García Agostinho
Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammatory and multifactorial disease, characterized by the excessive accumulation of body fat, which increases the risk of health complications, including cardiometabolic diseases. Despite the existing knowledge about its impacts, the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment remain under debate. Therefore, the aim of this scientific text is to address the diagnostic methods, pathophysiology of the disease, main risk factors, and treatment and intervention strategies for obesity. Among the risk factors, body mass is not the only relevant consideration; other variables (endogenous and exogenous) that can interfere should also be considered and deserve attention. The management of obesity must consider communication aspects (motivational intervention) and clinical aspects (family history and laboratory tests), promoting a patient-centered approach. Therapy should include lifestyle interventions, psychological support, and, in advanced cases, pharmacotherapy or bariatric surgery. Treatment emphasizes physical activity recommendations, with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and high-intensity interval training being advised, adapted to patient preferences. Additionally, the incorporation of resistance training is essential to optimize fat mass loss and strengthen muscle structures, improving performance in aerobic activities. A comprehensive understanding and standardization of intervention strategies are crucial to tackling the global obesity epidemic and its public health consequences.
{"title":"Diagnosis, physiological mechanisms, risk factors, treatment and prevention of obesity: A brief commentary","authors":"Suene Franciele Nunes Chaves , Daniele Pereira da Silva Araújo , Larissa Quintão Guilherme , Pablo Augusto García Agostinho","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammatory and multifactorial disease, characterized by the excessive accumulation of body fat, which increases the risk of health complications, including cardiometabolic diseases. Despite the existing knowledge about its impacts, the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment remain under debate. Therefore, the aim of this scientific text is to address the diagnostic methods, pathophysiology of the disease, main risk factors, and treatment and intervention strategies for obesity. Among the risk factors, body mass is not the only relevant consideration; other variables (endogenous and exogenous) that can interfere should also be considered and deserve attention. The management of obesity must consider communication aspects (motivational intervention) and clinical aspects (family history and laboratory tests), promoting a patient-centered approach. Therapy should include lifestyle interventions, psychological support, and, in advanced cases, pharmacotherapy or bariatric surgery. Treatment emphasizes physical activity recommendations, with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and high-intensity interval training being advised, adapted to patient preferences. Additionally, the incorporation of resistance training is essential to optimize fat mass loss and strengthen muscle structures, improving performance in aerobic activities. A comprehensive understanding and standardization of intervention strategies are crucial to tackling the global obesity epidemic and its public health consequences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100569
Yuhan Cao, Qingchun Tong
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have proven to be highly effective in reducing obesity across species and ages, gaining unmet popularity in clinical treatments against obesity. Although extensive research efforts have been made to explore how the brain regulates body weight homeostasis including the effect brought up by GLP-1 and its synthetic analogs GLP-1RAs, the identity of neurons and neural pathways that are responsible for the observed anti-obesity effect of GLP-1RAs remain largely elusive. Excitingly, three recent high-profile studies presented compelling evidence that each argues for the importance of GLP-1Rs in the dorsomedial hypothalamus, hindbrain, or lateral septum, respectively, in mediating the anti-obesity effect of GLP-1RAs. While these studies clearly illustrated the contributions of each of these distinct brain regions involved in GLP-1RAs in body weight regulation, the presented results also suggest the complexity of the involved brain neural network. This commentary briefly introduces these studies and highlights key knowledge gaps that require further investigation.
{"title":"Hunting for heroes: Brain neurons mediating GLP-1R agonists in obesity treatment","authors":"Yuhan Cao, Qingchun Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have proven to be highly effective in reducing obesity across species and ages, gaining unmet popularity in clinical treatments against obesity. Although extensive research efforts have been made to explore how the brain regulates body weight homeostasis including the effect brought up by GLP-1 and its synthetic analogs GLP-1RAs, the identity of neurons and neural pathways that are responsible for the observed anti-obesity effect of GLP-1RAs remain largely elusive. Excitingly, three recent high-profile studies presented compelling evidence that each argues for the importance of GLP-1Rs in the dorsomedial hypothalamus, hindbrain, or lateral septum, respectively, in mediating the anti-obesity effect of GLP-1RAs. While these studies clearly illustrated the contributions of each of these distinct brain regions involved in GLP-1RAs in body weight regulation, the presented results also suggest the complexity of the involved brain neural network. This commentary briefly introduces these studies and highlights key knowledge gaps that require further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100565
Jianping Ye
{"title":"Failure of inflammation hypothesis in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes","authors":"Jianping Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100565","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100568
Luiz Alexandre Chisini , Luiza Gioda Noronha , Laylla Galdino-Santos , Francine dos Santos Costa , Marina Souza Azevedo , Marcos Britto Corrêa , Flávio Fernando Demarco
Background
Studies have identified a possible link between obesity, overweight, and gingival inflammation. The objective of this study was to investigate whether overweight and obesity are associated with a higher prevalence of gingival bleeding among university students.
Methods
Data were collected from 2089 students in 2016 through a self-administered questionnaire. Gingival inflammation was assessed with the question, “Does your gum bleed when you brush your teeth?” Responses were classified as “yes” or “no”. Body mass index (BMI) was assessed based on self-reported weight and height, following WHO standards: Normal (<25), Overweight (25–30), and Obesity (>30). A Poisson regression model was applied to analyze the association between BMI categories and gingival bleeding prevalence.
Results
The prevalence of gingival inflammation was 50.8% and the prevalence of obesity and overweight was 8% and 23%, respectively. Obese individuals demonstrated a 32% higher prevalence of gingival bleeding compared to those with a normal BMI (PR=1.32, 95%CI [1.17–1.49]). Overweight students showed no significant association with gingival bleeding (PR=1.01, 95%CI [0.91–1.13]).
Conclusion
Obesity was associated with a higher prevalence of gingival bleeding, while overweight status showed no significant association. These results suggest that obesity, rather than overweight, is associated with increased gingival inflammation.
{"title":"Obesity is associated with a higher prevalence of gingival inflammation","authors":"Luiz Alexandre Chisini , Luiza Gioda Noronha , Laylla Galdino-Santos , Francine dos Santos Costa , Marina Souza Azevedo , Marcos Britto Corrêa , Flávio Fernando Demarco","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Studies have identified a possible link between obesity, overweight, and gingival inflammation. The objective of this study was to investigate whether overweight and obesity are associated with a higher prevalence of gingival bleeding among university students.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were collected from 2089 students in 2016 through a self-administered questionnaire. Gingival inflammation was assessed with the question, “Does your gum bleed when you brush your teeth?” Responses were classified as “yes” or “no”. Body mass index (BMI) was assessed based on self-reported weight and height, following WHO standards: Normal (<25), Overweight (25–30), and Obesity (>30). A Poisson regression model was applied to analyze the association between BMI categories and gingival bleeding prevalence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of gingival inflammation was 50.8% and the prevalence of obesity and overweight was 8% and 23%, respectively. Obese individuals demonstrated a 32% higher prevalence of gingival bleeding compared to those with a normal BMI (PR=1.32, 95%CI [1.17–1.49]). Overweight students showed no significant association with gingival bleeding (PR=1.01, 95%CI [0.91–1.13]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Obesity was associated with a higher prevalence of gingival bleeding, while overweight status showed no significant association. These results suggest that obesity, rather than overweight, is associated with increased gingival inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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