Groundwater for Sustainable Development最新文献_第7页

Approach to mapping groundwater-dependent ecosystems through machine learning in central Chile 通过机器学习在智利中部绘制地下水依赖生态系统的方法

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101526

Iongel Duran-Llacer , Víctor Gómez-Escalonilla Canales , Marcelo Aliaga-Alvarado , José Luis Arumí , Francisco Zambrano , Lien Rodríguez-López , Rebeca Martínez-Retureta , Pedro Martínez-Santos

Groundwater depletion can significantly impact the ecological integrity of groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs). Identifying and mapping these ecosystems is essential for their effective management and conservation. This study presents a new probabilistic approach that uses machine learning techniques to predict the presence of GDEs zones in the Ligua and Petorca basins, central Chile. A comprehensive set of 21 spatially distributed explanatory variables related to GDEs occurrence was compiled. These include geology, topography, climate, and satellite-based indices. Using a dataset of 3067 GDEs presence/absence points, 16 supervised classification algorithms were trained and evaluated with randomly selected subsets containing 100 %, 75 %, 50 %, and 25 % of the original dataset. This analysis involved collinearity assessment, cross-validation, feature selection, and hyperparameter tuning. Tree-based ensemble models, including Random Forest (RFC), AdaBoost (ABC), Gradient Boosting (GBC), and ExtraTrees (ETC), consistently outperformed other classifiers. In all subsets, regardless of the number of samples included, the models obtained raw scores above 0.90 for metrics such as test score, F1 score and the area under the curve (AUC), with key predictor variables identified as distance to rivers, rainfall, and land use/land cover. The models show high predictive performance consistently exceeding 0.95 on the above metrics. The resulting GDEs map manages to identify areas with a high probability of GDEs presence, clearly differentiating these ecosystems from adjacent agricultural areas. This study provides a robust methodological framework for GDEs mapping and serves as a valuable tool to manage and protect groundwater and GDEs in arid and semi-arid environments.

地下水枯竭会严重影响地下水依赖生态系统的生态完整性。识别和绘制这些生态系统的地图对它们的有效管理和保护至关重要。本研究提出了一种新的概率方法，该方法使用机器学习技术来预测智利中部Ligua和Petorca盆地中gde带的存在。编制了与gde发生相关的21个空间分布解释变量的综合集。这些包括地质、地形、气候和基于卫星的指数。使用包含3067个GDEs存在/不存在点的数据集，随机选择包含原始数据集的100%，75%，50%和25%的子集，训练和评估16种监督分类算法。该分析包括共线性评估、交叉验证、特征选择和超参数调整。基于树的集成模型，包括随机森林（RFC）、AdaBoost （ABC）、梯度增强（GBC）和ExtraTrees (ETC)，一直优于其他分类器。在所有子集中，无论样本数量如何，模型在测试分数、F1分数和曲线下面积（AUC）等指标上获得的原始分数都在0.90以上，关键预测变量包括与河流的距离、降雨量和土地利用/土地覆盖。在上述指标上，模型显示出较高的预测性能，始终超过0.95。由此产生的gde地图设法确定了gde存在的高概率区域，并将这些生态系统与邻近的农业区明确区分开来。该研究为gde制图提供了一个强有力的方法框架，并可作为干旱和半干旱环境中管理和保护地下水和gde的宝贵工具。

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引用次数: 0

Groundwater dynamics and renewal responses in the plain section of the Yongding River, exemplified by extreme precipitation events 以极端降水事件为例的永定河平原区地下水动态与更新响应

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101522

Jiaqi Xu , Jiahua Wei , Minglei Hou , Xuanlin Fu , Zhuo Yang , Tao Zhang , Dianwei Dong , Tao Li

The groundwater system, though invisible, is vital to the global water cycle, and it is essential to quantitatively assess its renewal capacity in light of climate change and anthropogenic activities. This study investigates the response of groundwater to extreme recharge events, focusing specifically on its renewal capacity and spatial-temporal variations. We analyze representative extreme precipitation events to quantify rebound amplitude, renewal rate, and the proportions of groundwater recharge. Additionally, we examine groundwater dynamics under varying precipitation intensities and initial conditions. The results indicate a strong correlation between groundwater levels (GWLs) and precipitation, characterized by rapid infiltration and mixing, indicating a highly open hydrogeological system. This conclusion is supported by the significant correlation between rainfall intensity and GWLs fluctuations, with correlation coefficients of 0.896, 0.871, and 0.801 from upstream to downstream. The similarities in δD and δ¹⁸O, along with the high young water fractions (0.27–0.35) recorded in 2023, further confirm rapid recharge through permeable media. Initial conditions influence lag time and GWLs changes, highlighting the importance of hydrogeological characteristics on groundwater dynamics. Furthermore, spatial variations in GWLs and stable isotopes reveal distinct recharge patterns: concentrated recharge zones upstream (aligned with fault zones) and broader, slower recharge areas downstream. The diminishing hydraulic gradient across the alluvial fan results in reduced flow velocities and renewal rates, while decreasing d-excess suggests evaporative enrichment or mixing with older water downstream. These results provide critical insights into groundwater system's response to extreme precipitation, particularly under climate variability and strong human activities.

地下水系统虽然看不见，但对全球水循环至关重要，鉴于气候变化和人为活动，定量评估其更新能力至关重要。研究了地下水对极端补给事件的响应，重点研究了地下水的更新能力和时空变化。我们分析了具有代表性的极端降水事件，量化了回弹幅度、更新率和地下水补给的比例。此外，我们研究了不同降水强度和初始条件下的地下水动态。结果表明，该地区地下水位与降水具有较强的相关性，具有快速入渗和混合的特征，表明该地区水文地质系统高度开放。降雨强度与gwl波动呈显著相关，从上游到下游的相关系数分别为0.896、0.871和0.801。δD和δ18O的相似性以及2023年记录的高年轻水分数（0.27-0.35）进一步证实了通过渗透介质快速补给。初始条件影响滞后时间和gwl变化，突出了水文地质特征对地下水动力学的重要性。此外，gwl和稳定同位素的空间变化揭示了不同的补给模式：上游集中的补给区（与断裂带一致）和下游更宽、更慢的补给区。冲积扇上水力梯度的减小导致流速和更新速率的降低，而d-excess的减小表明蒸发富集或与下游较老的水混合。这些结果为地下水系统对极端降水的响应提供了重要的见解，特别是在气候变率和强烈的人类活动下。

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引用次数: 0

Origin and processes of groundwater salinity hotspots in the irrigated Sahara Desert lands of Egypt 埃及撒哈拉沙漠灌溉地区地下水盐度热点的起源和过程

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101520

Mahmoud M. Khalil , Mohamed H. Farag , Tomochika Tokunaga , Thomas Pichler , Esam Ismail , Abotalib Z. Abotalib

Groundwater salinity hotspots in shallow aquifers have been reported across various geographical and climatic settings. These hotspots are commonly linked to anthropogenic influences, particularly irrigation return flow, in arid, unconfined aquifers under intensive irrigation. However, the interplay of geological and hydrochemical processes in shaping salinity variation and hotspots formation remains insufficiently understood. This study integrates hydrochemical, isotopic, multivariate statistical, and geophysical methods to better understand the regional distribution and origin of groundwater hotspots in the newly reclaimed areas of the Eastern Sahara, along the desert fringes of the Nile River. The findings suggest that salinization in the aquifer is influenced by evaporite dissolution, silicate weathering, salts leaching, ion exchange, and groundwater mixing processes, with significant anthropogenic contributions from irrigation return flow and fertilizer application. Notably, we report for the first time that salt-rich marine clay layers, which were left unflushed during the evolution of the Nile River, serve as the primary source of salinity hotspots. These clay layers act as natural barriers, restricting groundwater exchange with the Quaternary Nile aquifer while promoting salinization through saline/formation water upconing due to excessive groundwater pumping. Furthermore, inefficient irrigation practices add more water through irrigation return flow to the sandy alluvium aquifer, which exacerbates the groundwater salinity and ultimately leads to the development of waterlogged areas. These findings highlight the significant impact of river system evolution dynamics on groundwater quality and call for revisiting the current irrigation strategies in the newly reclaimed areas along the Nile River's desert fringes.

在不同的地理和气候环境下，已经报道了浅层含水层的地下水盐度热点。这些热点通常与人为影响有关，特别是在密集灌溉的干旱无承压含水层的灌溉回流。然而，地质和水化学过程在形成盐度变化和热点形成中的相互作用仍未得到充分了解。本研究综合了水化学、同位素、多元统计和地球物理方法，以更好地了解尼罗河沿岸新开垦的东撒哈拉地区地下水热点的区域分布和起源。研究结果表明，含水层的盐渍化受蒸发岩溶解、硅酸盐风化、盐类淋滤、离子交换和地下水混合过程的影响，灌溉回流和施肥对盐渍化有重要的人为贡献。值得注意的是，我们首次报道了在尼罗河演化过程中未被冲刷的富盐海洋粘土层是盐度热点的主要来源。这些粘土层起到天然屏障的作用，限制了地下水与第四纪尼罗河含水层的交换，同时由于过度抽取地下水，导致咸水/地层水上升，从而促进了盐碱化。此外，低效的灌溉方式使更多的水通过灌溉返流流入砂质冲积层含水层，从而加剧了地下水的盐度，最终导致涝渍地区的发展。这些发现强调了河流系统演化动态对地下水质量的重大影响，并呼吁重新审视尼罗河沙漠边缘新开垦地区目前的灌溉策略。

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引用次数: 0

Field in-situ push-pull test for enhancing bioremediation of total petroleum hydrocarbons in coal-tar-contaminated aquifers using dual electron acceptors 双电子受体增强煤焦油污染含水层中总石油烃生物修复的现场原位推拉试验

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101521

Jonghyun Yoon , JongBeom Kwon , Uijeon Hong , Young Kim , Kyungjin Han

This study evaluates the effectiveness of in-situ bioremediation in a coal-tar-contaminated aquifer using the simultaneous injection of oxygen and nitrate as electron acceptors (EAs). We assessed the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and total organic carbon (TOC) under varying redox conditions through field single-well push-pull transport tests (SWTT) and a single-well push-pull activity test (SWAT). In SWAT experiments, where microbial activity was emphasized, TPH removal reached 5.7 g in the oxygen-only condition and 44.2 g in the oxygen and nitrate-amended condition, demonstrating a significant enhancement in degradation with nitrate supplementation. Corresponding CO₂ production was 402 mmol and 3,120 mmol, respectively, indicating greater microbial respiration in nitrate-amended conditions. The removal of TPH per mole of electron acceptor was 37 mg TPH/mmol O₂ and 7.9 mg TPH/mmol NO₃⁻-N, highlighting oxygen's superior efficiency per unit but nitrate's advantage in sustaining long-term degradation due to its greater solubility and availability. Microbial community analysis demonstrated a significant shift in dominant species, with Pseudomonas stutzeri prevailing after nitrate injection, indicating its critical role in nitrate reduction and hydrocarbon degradation. These results highlight the advantages of a dual-electron-acceptor approach, where oxygen facilitates rapid aerobic degradation while nitrate sustains long-term contaminant removal in oxygen-limited environments. Integrating both electron acceptors presents an effective in-situ bioremediation strategy for degrading complex organic contaminants in groundwater.

本研究评估了同时注入氧气和硝酸盐作为电子受体（EAs）对煤焦油污染含水层进行原位生物修复的有效性。通过现场单井推拉输送测试（SWTT）和单井推拉活动性测试（SWAT），我们评估了不同氧化还原条件下总石油烃（TPH）和总有机碳（TOC）的去除效果。在强调微生物活性的SWAT实验中，纯氧条件下的TPH去除率达到5.7 g，氧加硝酸盐条件下的TPH去除率达到44.2 g，表明添加硝酸盐显著增强了降解。相应的CO2产量分别为402 mmol和3120 mmol，表明硝酸盐修饰条件下微生物呼吸作用更大。每摩尔电子受体的TPH去除率为37 mg TPH/mmol O2和7.9 mg TPH/mmol NO3−-N，这表明氧气的单位效率更高，但硝酸盐由于其更大的溶解度和可用性，在维持长期降解方面具有优势。微生物群落分析显示，注射硝酸盐后，优势种发生显著变化，stutzeri假单胞菌占优势，表明其在硝酸盐还原和碳氢化合物降解中起关键作用。这些结果突出了双电子受体方法的优势，其中氧气促进了快速的好氧降解，而硝酸盐在氧气有限的环境中维持了长期的污染物去除。结合两种电子受体为地下水中复杂有机污染物的原位生物修复提供了一种有效的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating aquifer vulnerability and explainable machine learning for spatial prediction of groundwater fluoride 基于含水层脆弱性和可解释性机器学习的地下水氟化物空间预测

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101517

Hanxiang Xiong , Yi Li , Ruihan Xiong , He Xiong , Jiayao Tan , Shilong Yang , Hanting Liu , Xiaoqing Song , Xu Guo

Groundwater fluoride (F⁻) contamination has serious risks to public health and environmental sustainability. This study enhances spatial prediction of fluoride concentration (SPFC) in the Ordos Basin, northwest China, by applying a Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) model integrated with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis. A total of 26 hydrological, geological, environmental, climatic, hydro-chemical, and anthropogenic indicators were incorporated. Key findings reveal that high fluoride concentrations (>1 mg/L) cover approximately 17.48 % of the basin, while moderate (0.5–1 mg/L) and low (<0.5 mg/L) concentrations account for 39.05 % and 43.47 % of the area, respectively. The LGBM model demonstrated high predictive accuracy with R² values of 0.9180 for the training set and 0.7579 for the validation set, and RMSE values of 0.0582 and 0.0748, respectively. SHAP analysis identified significant contributors to F⁻ contamination, including hydro-chemical indicators (CMSH: 9.09 %, SAR: 5.45 %, TDS: 5.97 %, Na⁺: 5.71 %, pH: 4.94, Ca²⁺: 4.68 % and CAI: 4.68 %), socio-economic factors (population density: 5.19 % and GDP: 5.19 %), topographic factors (elevation: 4.42 %, TWI: 7.53 % and proximity to rivers: 6.75 %) and NDVI (4.94 %). Finally, an innovative matrix-based sustainable groundwater management (SGWM) framework was developed, integrating SPFC, IAV and groundwater storage (GWS) to delineate seven distinct management zones. This comprehensive approach from SPFC to SGWM significantly enhances the predictive accuracy and practical applicability of groundwater management strategies, providing a robust tool for addressing F⁻ contamination and supporting the achievement of global health and environmental sustainability goals under the sustainable development goals (SDGs).

地下水氟化物污染对公众健康和环境可持续性具有严重风险。采用结合SHapley加性解释（SHAP）分析的光梯度增强机（LGBM）模型对鄂尔多斯盆地氟浓度（SPFC）进行空间预测。共纳入了26项水文、地质、环境、气候、水化学和人为指标。重点发现：高氟（1 mg/L）覆盖流域面积约17.48%，中度（0.5 ~ 1 mg/L）和低氟（0.5 mg/L）分别占39.05%和43.47%。LGBM模型具有较高的预测准确率，训练集和验证集的R2分别为0.9180和0.7579，RMSE分别为0.0582和0.0748。SHAP分析确定了F -污染的重要因素，包括水化学指标（CMSH: 9.09%, SAR: 5.45%, TDS: 5.97%, Na+: 5.71%, pH: 4.94, Ca2+: 4.68%, CAI: 4.68%），社会经济因素（人口密度：5.19%,GDP: 5.19%），地形因素（海拔：4.42%,TWI: 7.53%，靠近河流：6.75%）和NDVI（4.94%）。最后，开发了一个创新的基于矩阵的可持续地下水管理（SGWM）框架，将SPFC、IAV和地下水储存（GWS）整合在一起，划定了七个不同的管理区域。这种从SPFC到SGWM的综合方法显著提高了地下水管理战略的预测准确性和实际适用性，为解决氟污染问题和支持实现可持续发展目标（SDGs）下的全球健康和环境可持续性目标提供了强有力的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Groundwater recharge responses to vadose zone thickness variation and rainfall patterns in arid Mongolian pine plantations 干旱蒙松人工林地下水补给对渗透带厚度变化和降雨模式的响应

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101519

Yanwen Bai , Katsutoshi Seki , Qingfeng Zhang , Yujie Hu , Li Wang

In arid and semi-arid regions, vadose zone thickness strongly influences precipitation infiltration and groundwater recharge, both increasingly affected by climate-driven shifts in rainfall patterns. However, its influence on soil water dynamics and groundwater recharge in plantation ecosystems remains inadequately understood. This study, conducted in the Mu Us Sandy Land of China, monitored stable isotopes, soil water, and groundwater levels over two years across three Mongolian pine plantations. These sites had different initial groundwater depths: 4 m (downland), 9 m (midland), and 13 m (upland). Key findings include: (1) Downland exhibited significantly greater mean soil water content (SWC) in the middle and deep soil layers than in the midland and upland (p < 0.05). (2) The soil desiccation index was higher in the midland and upland than in the downland. SWC increased in the upper and middle layers from the dry to the rainy season, but deep SWC decreased in the upland. (3) Rainfall events ≥20 mm day⁻¹ replenish deep SWC in the downland, whereas ≥30 mm day⁻¹ was required in the midland and upland. (4) In 2022, precipitation was more concentrated in ≥10 mm·day⁻¹ events, totaling 311 mm (74.5 % of the annual total), and produced greater groundwater recharge than in 2023, when such events accounted for only 190 mm (56.5 %). These findings demonstrate that vadose zone thickness and rainfall intensity thresholds critically control groundwater recharge—a process further modulated by Mongolian pine plantations. Therefore, integrating these factors into management strategies is essential for sustainable groundwater conservation in arid regions.

在干旱和半干旱地区，渗透带厚度强烈影响降水入渗和地下水补给，两者都日益受到气候驱动的降雨模式变化的影响。然而，其对人工林生态系统土壤水分动态和地下水补给的影响尚不清楚。这项研究在中国毛乌素沙地进行，在两年多的时间里监测了三个蒙古松林的稳定同位素、土壤水分和地下水水平。这些地点具有不同的初始地下水深度：4 m（洼地），9 m（中部）和13 m（高地）。主要发现包括：(1)中深土层的平均土壤含水量（SWC）显著高于中部和高地（p < 0.05）。(2)中部和高地土壤干旱化指数均高于洼地。旱季至雨季，上层和中层的SWC增加，而高地的深层SWC减少。(3)≥20 mm day−1的降雨事件补充了洼地深层SWC，而中部和高地则需要≥30 mm day−1的降雨事件。(4)与2023年相比，2022年降水更集中在≥10 mm·day−1事件中，降水总量为311 mm（占年总量的74.5%），地下水补给量更大，2023年降水总量仅为190 mm（56.5%）。这些发现表明，渗透带厚度和降雨强度阈值对地下水补给具有关键控制作用，而这一过程进一步受到蒙松人工林的调节。因此，将这些因素纳入管理战略对干旱区地下水的可持续保护至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Characterising contaminant transport from a mine waste dump using isotopic and geochemical tracers: A case study of an inactive pyrite mine, Mazowe district, Zimbabwe 利用同位素和地球化学示踪剂表征矿山废物堆的污染物运输：对津巴布韦马佐韦地区一个不活跃的黄铁矿的案例研究

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101518

Moses Souta , Willis Gwenzi , Shepherd Nimrod Misi , Alexander Mhizha

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a global and persistent environmental problem around areas in close proximity to historic pyrite mines. Migration of AMD-related contaminants into the surface and subsurface environment is a key factor contributing to this phenomenon. However, remediation of AMD at some inactive mining sites is frequently affected by limited knowledge on the spatial occurrence, distribution and transport of contaminants. This study utilised a combined isotopic and geochemical approach to analyse mine wastes, soil, shallow groundwater and surface water around an abandoned mine waste dump with the objective of characterising contaminant migration into the receiving environment. Elevated Fe, As, Mn and Pb concentrations spatially varied in mine wastes and soils located downslope from the mine waste dump relative to background concentrations. AMD-influenced shallow groundwater and surface water were predominately characterised by SO₄-Ca-Mg water type whilst non-AMD influenced water was characterised by HCO₃-Ca-Mg water type. Specific AMD-influenced shallow groundwater adjacent to surface waters revealed patterns consistent with an δ¹⁸O and δ²H evaporative trend by plotting along a local evaporation line (δ²H = 4.9δ¹⁸O – 6.4, R² = 0.87). Relatively enriched δ¹⁸O composition of shallow groundwater had moderate corresponding elevated SO₄²⁻ concentrations whilst surface waters did not show a similar pattern. The findings provide refined insights into contamination processes and pathways from mine wastes into nearby soil, surface water and shallow groundwater which could support management strategies at this site and other similar sites.

酸性矿井排水是历史黄铁矿附近地区一个全球性的、持续存在的环境问题。amd相关污染物向地表和地下环境的迁移是造成这一现象的关键因素。然而，由于对污染物的空间发生、分布和运输的了解有限，在一些不活跃的矿区进行AMD的补救工作经常受到影响。本研究利用同位素和地球化学相结合的方法分析了废弃矿山排土场周围的矿山废物、土壤、浅层地下水和地表水，目的是表征污染物向接收环境的迁移。相对于背景浓度，矿山排土场下坡土壤中Fe、As、Mn和Pb浓度升高存在空间差异。受amd影响的浅层地下水和地表水以SO4-Ca-Mg水为主，非amd影响的水以HCO3-Ca-Mg水为主。与地表水相邻的受特定amd影响的浅层地下水沿局部蒸发线（δ2H = 4.9δ18O - 6.4, R2 = 0.87）绘制出与δ18O和δ2H蒸发趋势一致的模式。浅层地下水δ18O含量相对丰富，SO42−浓度相应升高，而地表水则没有类似的变化规律。这些发现为从矿山废物到附近土壤、地表水和浅层地下水的污染过程和途径提供了精细的见解，可以支持该场址和其他类似场址的管理策略。

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引用次数: 0

Observation-constrained long-term simulations of water dynamics and groundwater recharge under intensive agriculture in the North China Plain 华北平原集约化农业条件下水动力学和地下水补给的长期模拟

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101516

Lin Wu , Leilei Min , Meiying Liu , Wolfgang Kinzelbach , Shiqing Wang , Ahmed Mady , Yanjun Shen

Groundwater recharge in intensively farmed regions is increasingly influenced by climate change and human activities. In the North China Plain (NCP), decades of intensive agriculture have driven persistent overextraction, with the groundwater table declining by ∼85 cm/yr to depths of 20–50 m. Quantifying vertical recharge through the thick vadose zone is essential for sustainable groundwater management. Using in-situ observations of volumetric water content and matric potential from a 48-m caisson observatory, we calibrated and validated Hydrus-1D model, and then produced observation-constrained long-term simulations (1990–2023) for a 30-m thick vadose zone. The model reproduces depth-progressive responses to surface water inputs: flux variability is largest in the root zone, whereas deeper layers respond more steadily, especially following extreme rainfall sequences. A persistent zero-flux plane occurs near 4 m depth. Over the 34-year reconstruction, the mean annual potential recharge is 202 mm/yr, equivalent to an average deep infiltration rate of 0.51 mm/d. Groundwater recharge in the NCP predominantly occurs during summer rainfall, with extreme precipitation events enhancing vertical water fluxes by approximately 4.6–7.6 % relative to scenarios with evenly distributed rainfall. These results clarify vertical water movement in thick vadose zones under intensive agriculture and provide practical guidance for regional recharge estimation and sustainable groundwater management.

集约化农业地区地下水补给日益受到气候变化和人类活动的影响。在华北平原（NCP），数十年的集约化农业导致了持续的过度开采，地下水位以每年约85厘米的速度下降至20-50米深。通过厚渗透带进行垂直补给的量化是地下水可持续管理的必要条件。利用48米沉箱观测站的体积含水量和基质势的现场观测数据，我们校准并验证了Hydrus-1D模型，然后对30米厚的渗透带进行了观测约束的长期模拟（1990-2023）。该模式再现了对地表水输入的深度递进响应：通量变异性在根区最大，而深层响应更稳定，特别是在极端降雨序列之后。一个持续的零通量面出现在4米深度附近。在34年的重建中，年平均潜在补给量为202 mm/yr，相当于平均深入渗速率为0.51 mm/d。NCP的地下水补给主要发生在夏季降雨期间，极端降水事件使垂直水通量相对于降雨分布均匀的情景增加了约4.6 - 7.6%。研究结果阐明了集约化农业条件下厚渗透带的垂直水运动规律，为区域补给估算和地下水可持续管理提供了实践指导。

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引用次数: 0

Navigating groundwater management in the lower Ganges Basin: A participatory transdisciplinary approach to addressing water scarcity 在恒河流域下游导航地下水管理：解决水资源短缺的参与式跨学科方法

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101515

Fatema Akter Tanbi , Alamgir Kabir , Md Nurul Amin , Md Mahmudul Hasan , Md Sarwar Hossain

Groundwater (GW) resources in the lower Ganges Basin, Bangladesh, one of the world's largest river basins, are under increasing strain due to rapid depletion and climate change. This study aims to understand people's perception of GW conditions, governance, management practice, and adaptive strategies in response to water scarcity in this region. Using a novel transdisciplinary framework that encompasses system, target, and transformation knowledge within the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) framework, we conducted 150 household surveys and four focus group discussions across six villages in the lower Ganges Basin, engaging marginal farmers, farm owners, and other local stakeholders with practical knowledge of water management. The study reports high reliance on deep tube wells and identifies irrigation-driven overuse as a key contributor to declining water tables. To address these challenges, stakeholders proposed exploring alternative water sources such as rainwater harvesting, recycled water, and reuse. They also criticized the current lack of effective policies, institutional support, monitoring, and collaboration for sustainable GW management. In contrast, farmers are employing various adaptive techniques, such as furrow irrigation, crop rotation, drought-tolerant crops, and dry farming practices, to mitigate water scarcity, with methods tailored to local environmental conditions. According to participants, community-based water management committees and institutional training are pivotal for the successful implementation of these techniques. The study conceptualizes future scenarios for GW management based on shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP), integrating insights from surveys and FGDs. These scenarios encompass qualitative aspects of farming strategies, alternative water sources, management scales, and governance frameworks. By integrating SSPs with a transdisciplinary framework, this novel study offers insights into participatory, adaptive and sustainable GW management for the lower Ganges Basin and other regions with similar water challenges.

作为世界上最大的河流之一，孟加拉国恒河流域下游的地下水资源由于迅速枯竭和气候变化而面临越来越大的压力。本研究旨在了解人们对该地区GW条件、治理、管理实践以及应对水资源短缺的适应性策略的看法。在共享社会经济路径（ssp）框架下，我们采用了一个包含系统、目标和转型知识的新型跨学科框架，在恒河下游的6个村庄进行了150次家庭调查和4次焦点小组讨论，让边缘农民、农场主和其他具有水管理实践知识的当地利益相关者参与其中。该研究报告了对深管井的高度依赖，并指出灌溉驱动的过度使用是导致地下水位下降的一个关键因素。为了应对这些挑战，利益相关者建议探索替代水源，如雨水收集、循环水和再利用。他们还批评目前缺乏有效的政策、机构支持、监测和合作，以实现可持续的GW管理。相比之下，农民正在采用各种适应性技术，如沟灌、轮作、耐旱作物和旱作耕作，以适应当地环境条件的方法缓解水资源短缺。据与会者说，以社区为基础的水管理委员会和机构培训是成功实施这些技术的关键。该研究基于共享社会经济路径（SSP），结合调查和fgd的见解，对GW管理的未来情景进行了概念化。这些情景包括农业战略、替代水源、管理规模和治理框架的质量方面。通过将ssp与跨学科框架相结合，这项新研究为恒河下游流域和其他面临类似水资源挑战的地区的参与性、适应性和可持续GW管理提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Multicriteria decision making for sustainable groundwater development and management in basaltic terrain of Upper Bhima basin, Maharashtra, India 印度马哈拉施特拉邦上Bhima盆地玄武岩地形地下水可持续开发与管理的多准则决策

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101511

Abhilash Kumar Paswan , Ayushi Agarwal , V Ajay Kumar , Satish Chandra Verma

Climate change has exacerbated freshwater challenges, leading to groundwater depletion and threatening food security. As demand increases amid shrinking supplies, advanced technologies and methodologies are essential for sustainable groundwater management. This study employed a multi-criteria decision-making approach by coupling the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with nine thematic layers and 36 morphometric parameters to identify groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) and manage water resources in the Upper Bhima Basin, predominantly characterized by basaltic aquifer systems. Using AHP, five zones were delineated within the basin and categorized as very poor (6.7 %), poor (24.6 %), moderate (34.9 %), good (23.9 %), and very good (9.9 %). The thematic layers' weights demonstrated a high level of reliability, with a consistency index of 0.00051 and a consistency ratio of 0.00035. GWPZ was also validated with the Area Under the Curve (AUC = 0.707). Morphometric analysis further supports the identification of low potential zones in the steep slope region. The mean bifurcation and circularity ratios for the basin, highlighting minimal geological influence on the drainage pattern and varying infiltration capacities. Furthermore, the hypsometric analysis reveals a concave shape with an integral value of 0.19, indicating the potential for developing stable recharge zones for sustainable groundwater management. Besides this, evapotranspiration and NDVI have shown strong seasonality, highlighting the agricultural response of the region and exhibiting a strong connection with ENSO events. Increasing urbanization and agrarian expansion drive water demand, necessitating effective regional groundwater management. Measures like check dams, rainwater harvesting, and cultivating less water-intensive crops can enhance water security.

气候变化加剧了淡水挑战，导致地下水枯竭，威胁粮食安全。由于需求增加而供应减少，先进的技术和方法对于可持续的地下水管理至关重要。在以玄武岩含水层系统为主要特征的上北马盆地，采用层次分析法（AHP）和9个主题层、36个形态参数相结合的多准则决策方法进行地下水潜力带（GWPZ）识别和水资源管理。利用层次分析法在盆地内划分了5个带，分别为极差（6.7%）、差（24.6%）、中等（34.9%）、好（23.9%）和极好（9.9%）。各主题层权重具有较高的信度，一致性指数为0.00051，一致性比为0.00035。用曲线下面积（AUC = 0.707）验证了GWPZ。形态计量学分析进一步支持了陡坡区低电位带的识别。流域的平均分岔率和圆度比，突出了地质对排水模式和不同入渗能力的最小影响。此外，假设分析显示一个凹的形状，其积分值为0.19，表明发展稳定的地下水补给区具有可持续管理的潜力。此外，蒸散发和NDVI表现出强烈的季节性，突出了该地区的农业响应，并与ENSO事件表现出强烈的联系。城市化和农业扩张推动了用水需求，需要有效的区域地下水管理。诸如拦河坝、雨水收集和种植用水量较低的作物等措施可以加强水安全。

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引用次数: 0