Groundwater for Sustainable Development最新文献

{"title":"Assessing seawater intrusion impact on groundwater quality in El-Omayed aquifers, Mediterranean coast, Egypt using hydrogeochemical and chemometric analyses","authors":"Mohammed I.A. Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. El-Sawy ,&nbsp;Ahmed R. Elgendy ,&nbsp;Hossam M. El-Sayed ,&nbsp;Laila A. Mohamed ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Aly-Eldeen","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater, a vital freshwater source, faces threats from natural and human-induced factors, particularly seawater salinization in coastal aquifers. This study assesses the impacts of seawater intrusion and heavy metals (HMs) on groundwater quality (11 aquifers and 2 drains) in Egypt's El-Omayed area along the Mediterranean coast. Several parameters were measured including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), major ions, and seven HMs. Seawater intrusion, geochemical mechanisms, and hydrochemical faces of water, were evaluated by ion deviations (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>j</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>), Piper, Gibbs and Chadha plots, and various ionic ratios. The water quality indices (WQI, EWQI, and impWQI), and heavy metal pollution index were employed to assess water suitability for drinking, while EC, total hardness (TH), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI), etc., were used to evaluate water suitability for irrigation. The results indicated that Na–Cl hydrochemical facies were predominant, suggesting significant salinization, and the ion-exchange mechanisms (dissolution-evaporation) influenced by seawater intrusion regulate the groundwater geochemistry. Seawater fractions (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>f</mi><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>%) ranging from 0.012% to 20.89%, along with the positive mixing ratios (<span><math><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) of <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow><mo>+</mo></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></mrow></math></span> in all stations, indicates significant ion addition due to seawater intrusion. Although HM concentrations (Fe &gt; Zn &gt; Ni &gt; Cu &gt; Pb &gt; Mn &gt; Cd) within the WHO permissible levels for drinking, the high EC and TDS values suggest substantial saltwater intrusion. WQI, EWQI, and impWQI ranged from 86.53 to 1203.04, 89.14 to 1091.02, and 93.81 to 813.70, respectively, categorizing ∼60% of stations as “very poor,” 1–15% as “poor,” 15–23% as “moderate,” and 1% as “good”. According to FAO, about 38% of stations exhibit moderate hardness (75 &lt; EC &lt; 150), while 69% are permissible for irrigation (EC &lt; 3000). The majority of samples are unsuitable with SAR&gt;12; however, the PI% suggests suitability with PI &gt; 75. Overall, most groundwater in the El-Omayed area is unsuitable for drinking and irrigation without pre-treatment, highlighting the urgent need for effective management and remediation to mitigate seawater intrusion and enhance water quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101418"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of drivers contributing to unsustainable groundwater consumption in Pakistan","authors":"Faizan ul Hasan ,&nbsp;Bareerah Fatima","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater depletion in Pakistan, particularly in the Indus Basin, poses a severe threat to agricultural sustainability, water security, and economic stability. Over the past few decades, groundwater extraction has surged dramatically, with the number of tube wells increasing by 1500% from 1975 to 2021, reaching 1.4 million. Currently, groundwater supplies 60% of irrigation water, 90% of domestic water, and 100% of industrial water. However, this extensive reliance has resulted in significant water table declines, especially in canal command areas and urban centers. This study synthesizes insights from scientific literature, policy documents, and technical reports to examine the key drivers contributing to unsustainable groundwater consumption in Pakistan. Weak governance structures, inadequate regulatory mechanisms, and increasing agricultural water demand—where five major crops (rice, wheat, cotton, sugarcane, and maize) consume 85% of total water resources while contributing less than 5% to GDP—have led to unchecked groundwater exploitation. The historic 80.3 billion cubic meters (BCM) of annual recharge in the upper Indus plain is now outpaced by extraction, exacerbating the crisis. Climate variability, including a 19% reduction in surface water irrigation area from 2003 to 2021, has further increased reliance on groundwater. Despite some recent policy efforts, such as the Punjab Water Act (2019) and KP Water Act (2020), enforcement remains weak due to institutional constraints and political barriers. There is an urgent need for adaptive groundwater governance, integrating scientific knowledge, regulatory mechanisms, and technological innovations. A transition from an open-access regime to a regulated system, supported by robust monitoring and data-sharing mechanisms, is critical for long-term sustainability. This review highlights urgent policy gaps and provides recommendations to strengthen groundwater governance in Pakistan and other regions facing similar challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101414"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine-learning based spatiotemporal performance analysis of degraded tropical peatland groundwater level numerical model","authors":"Iman Salehi Hikouei ,&nbsp;Keith N. Eshleman ,&nbsp;Bambang Hero Saharjo ,&nbsp;Laura L.B. Graham ,&nbsp;Grahame Applegate ,&nbsp;Mark A. Cochrane","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we used a numerical model, MODFLOW, to simulate groundwater level fluctuations and estimate saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of peat structure in a degraded environment in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The model was calibrated and validated using groundwater level data manually collected at 265 dipwells on a monthly basis from 2011 to 2019; the parameterized model produced Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficients of 0.97 and 0.95 for calibration and validation, respectively. We also employed machine learning algorithms to investigate sources of spatiotemporal errors produced by the calibrated model. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm with R² of 0.99 and RMSE of 0.05m outperformed random forest (RF) algorithm in predicting actual residuals. Model performance for estimating groundwater levels (GWLs) was most sensitive to precipitation, highlighting satellite precipitation data as a potential source of uncertainty. Results also showed that high spatiotemporal variation in saturated hydraulic conductivity exists across study site but that use of pilot points, which assign variable Ks values to model cells, can capture much of this variability and increase model accuracy, Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient of 0.98.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating nitrate contamination in groundwater: A comprehensive review of in-situ approaches","authors":"Preetismita Borah ,&nbsp;Gongutri Borah ,&nbsp;Arindam Malakar","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater nitrate contamination remains a critical global environmental and public health challenge, driven primarily by agricultural activities, industrial discharges, and urbanization. This review paper comprehensively analyze in-situ approaches for mitigating nitrate contamination, including bioremediation, permeable reactive barriers, and advanced catalytic techniques. It highlights the evolution of these methods, focusing on their effectiveness, scalability, and sustainability. While significant advancements have been made, critical gaps persist in addressing long-term efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability to diverse hydrogeological settings. Emerging trends, such as the application of bioengineered microorganisms, nanomaterials, and data-driven optimization strategies, are explored for their potential to overcome these challenges. The paper also emphasizes the influence of regulatory frameworks, climate change, and technological innovation on developing sustainable nitrate mitigation strategies. Future research should integrate multidisciplinary approaches to develop robust, site-specific solutions, using advanced monitoring technologies for real-time contaminant tracking and refining eco-friendly materials for enhanced reactivity and durability. This review aims to provide a roadmap for advancing the design and implementation of innovative, in-situ nitrate mitigation techniques by synthesizing current knowledge and identifying future priorities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101406"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143132987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing bioremediation of diesel/biodiesel blend (B20) impacted sites using in situ bioreactors: A nature-based solution for sustainable groundwater management","authors":"Marcio Roberto Schneider ,&nbsp;Ana Claudia Canalli Bortolassi ,&nbsp;Adriana Ururahy Soriano ,&nbsp;Marcus Paulus Martins Baessa ,&nbsp;Luiz Fernando Martins ,&nbsp;Rodrigo de Almeida Heringer ,&nbsp;Admir José Giachini","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise of biodiesel content in diesel/biodiesel blends as a viable alternative to traditional diesel fuel presents several advantages, particularly in terms of reduced emissions of pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and smoke. However, the increased production and utilization of biodiesel raise concerns about potential environmental impacts, such as groundwater pollution. This has led to a growing need for sustainable and effective bioremediation techniques to address these issues and ensure the safe closure of contaminated sites in accordance with environmental regulatory criteria. Two experimental areas contaminated with B20 (80% diesel and 20% biodiesel v/v) to evaluate ammonium acetate biostimulation (B20_BAA) and natural source zone depletion (B20_NSZD) as remediation strategies were monitored for 10 and 12 years, respectively. Although the benzene half-life was 1.49 and 4.08 years, respectively, hydrocarbon concentrations remained above the maximum contaminant level (MCL) allowed in Brazil for groundwater, requiring additional technologies for site cleanup. Then, two pilot-scale airlift bioreactors were employed as nature-based solutions (NbS) to reduce the concentration of persistent contaminants for site closure. Indeed, concentrations of benzene and 2-methylnaphthalene decreased significantly after the bioreactors began operation, reaching values below their respective MCL. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed a beneficial response of microbial communities composed of <em>Massilia</em>, <em>Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia</em>, <em>Mycobacterium</em> and <em>Bacillus</em> genus involved in hydrocarbons aerobic biodegradation. Moreover, predicted functional genes analysis demonstrated that the relative abundances of key aerobic degradation pathways for benzene and 2-methylnaphthalene increased, supporting the hypothesis that the NbS stimulated the hydrocarbons biodegradation. These findings demonstrated that combining different nature-based solutions (NbS) can effectively remediate petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated groundwater through geochemical characteristics and exploration of indigenous microorganisms. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to employ bioreactors to treat B20-contaminated groundwater at a field scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143133047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic imputation of groundwater data using machine learning: Insights from diverse aquifers in the Chao-Phraya River Basin","authors":"Yaggesh Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;Seokhyeon Kim ,&nbsp;Amir Saman Tayerani Charmchi ,&nbsp;Doosun Kang ,&nbsp;Okke Batelaan","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective groundwater monitoring is essential for sustainable water management, particularly in data-sparse regions. To address inconsistencies in groundwater level data, we developed a machine learning framework for robust data imputation, tested in the Chao-Phraya River (CPR) Basin, a region facing significant groundwater challenges due to high population density and ecological importance. Our study evaluated five models—K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Random Forest (RF), and Soft Imputation (SI) —to fill gaps in monthly groundwater level data across various locations, aquifer depths, and data loss scenarios. Results show that MICE perform well in high-density well environments, while SI excels with lower well density, maintaining Pearson correlation coefficients (R) above 0.80 and RMSE values below 6 even at 10% data loss. The Coefficient of Variation (COV) analysis also confirmed that imputed data remains stable and reliable. However, the study also reveals a significant decrease in model performance in regions with fewer wells, as indicated by increased RMSE and reduced R. Our findings indicate that machine learning models are capable of handling groundwater level observations with missing data. The well density in a region has a significant impact on these model's performance. Imputation techniques should be tailored to each aquifer's specific characteristics and surroundings in order to get accurate groundwater data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101394"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143133113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Hydrogeological characterization and seawater intrusion inference in the coastal aquifer, using groundwater chemistry and remote sensing data.”","authors":"Samah M. Morsy,&nbsp;Shaimaa M. El-Hadidy","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In coastal lands groundwater is a vital water resource for supporting ecosystems. However, seawater intrusion is a dramatic global environmental problem threatening sustainable development in these lands. Thus, the coastal aquifers are vulnerable to seawater rise and increased groundwater salinity causing a set of nested groundwater management problems. Therefore, identifying the seawater front's dynamic progression and delineating the aquifer zones of optimized exploitation have significant importance in adapting to the negative effects of saltwater intrusion and ensuring sustainable development. In the present research, the approach involves an integration of remote sensing data, groundwater hydrochemical data, aquifer hydraulic parameters and subsurface well logs to clarify the hydrogeological factors that motivate the saltwater intrusion, and the geochemical evolution of groundwater that determine the seawater-freshwater limit interface in the Lower Miocene Moghra coastal aquifer, northwestern desert of Egypt. The research findings reported that: (1) The Moghra aquifer is characterized by a low to moderate relief and mild topography range from 0 to 90 m with low drainage density (&gt;2) and high lineament density of west and northwards throws in the middle zone, regulating the aquifer transmissivity values to increase in this zone (4000–6000 m²/day). (2) NE-SW, N-S and NW-SE subsurface faults enhance the hydraulic connection and recharge from the underlying aquifers. (3) The Normalized Difference Salinity Index shows a gradual increase with time from the index value of 0.2 in 1984 reaching the maximum value of unity in 2021 assuring the progression of saltwater intrusion (4) The hydrochemical investigation revealed significant evidence of saltwater infringing, and fresh to the brackish water of TDS 1000–3000 mg/l at the middle zone of the aquifer due to mixing with the water of the underlying aquifers (5) hydrochemical priority map for five quality zones to assess groundwater continuity and address sea level rise's impact on sustainable development projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101399"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143132984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The groundwater age of the Argentine aquifers: A review and paleoclimate insight","authors":"Daniel E. Martínez ,&nbsp;Orlando M. Quiroz-Londoño ,&nbsp;Alejandro D. Basaldua ,&nbsp;Melisa Glok-Galli ,&nbsp;Ximena Solana ,&nbsp;Emiliano F. Alcaraz ,&nbsp;Leandro Bertolin","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Argentina is a large country in South America, spans from the tropical latitude S 26°15′ to the subpolar latitude S 53°38’, and longitudinally from the Atlantic coast to the Andes range in the West. Such extensive geographical coverage includes diverse climatic and geological conditions, fostering a multitude of aquifers with varying hydrogeological attributes. Groundwater dating is an underdeveloped discipline in Argentina, but several studies have been conducted. These studies are delineated across various aquifer typologies, namely: 1) Sedimentary aquifers in Eastern Patagonia, 2) Alluvial aquifers in the middle Andes area; 3) Shallow aquifers in the Pampa region; 4) Confined intermediate aquifers in the Pampa region; 5) Fractured aquifer in crystalline rocks; 6) the confined sandstones of the Guaraní aquifer; 7) Deep confined aquifers in the Pampa region.</div><div>Most of the studies are based in the classical tracers, ³H and ¹⁴C, with only a few employing other traces such as CFCs, ⁴He and ⁸¹Kr. In almost all the studies only an apparent age (piston flow model) is provided. Only two papers include the analysis of the residence time distribution. Considering the apparent ages, groundwater ranges from young in shallow unconfined aquifers, or fractured aquifers in crystalline rocks, to very old groundwater with an age of 1.2 Ma in the deep thermal aquifers. Groundwater which radiocarbon age corresponds to the Upper Pleistocene period, exhibits a depleted isotopic composition that correlates with colder temperatures in a sequence of glacial periods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101402"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143132985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An adapted groundwater quality index including toxicological critical pollutants","authors":"Dario Cauich-Kau ,&nbsp;Javier Castro-Larragoitia ,&nbsp;Antonio Cardona Benavides ,&nbsp;María E. García-Arreola ,&nbsp;Gonzalo G. García-Vargas","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water supply for population is mainly supported by groundwater. Its quality for drinking purposes is a worldwide major issue. Groundwater quality indexes are tools to assess its appropriateness for human consumption. This study evaluates the WAWQI index in North-Central Mexico with reported toxicological critical pollutants (arsenic, fluoride, and uranium) and put forward an adapted and optimized Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI). The research utilizes a dataset of groundwater parameters to analyze the chemical composition and suitability of groundwater (<em>n</em> = 121 samples) for drinking purposes. Arsenic concentrations fluctuate between 7.78 and 9798, average of 154 μg/L and only three samples within the Mexican guideline. Fluoride concentrations range from 0.01 to 2.2, average of 0.8 mg/L and 64% of the sample within the Mexican guideline. Uranium, not previously described in the region, show elevated concentrations in the range of 1.01–93.7 average of 11.4 μg/L and 88% within the WHO guideline. The WAWQI Index, applied to water samples, categorized samples as excellent and good status. However, 95%, 33%, and 11% of the samples are above As, F^-, and U guidelines; therefore, a tailored GWQI for drinking water was proposed and optimized considering the WAWQI limitations. The outcome of the GWQI shows that only two samples classified with excellent status and are safe to drink without treatment. However, 119 samples were classified as poor, very poor, and unsuitable for drinking purposes. The GWQI provides a valuable tool for assessing groundwater quality in regions with similar hydrogeological conditions to the study area, and to identify areas requiring urgent attention to ensure safe drinking water supply. The study highlights the urgent need for sustainable water management practices to address the region's water quality challenges and ensure the long-term well-being of its population and fulfill the Sustainable Development Goal 6.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101401"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143133042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for water salinity management in alluvial aquifer in a multilevel crop planning","authors":"Tayron Juliano Souza ,&nbsp;Vera Lúcia Antunes de Lima ,&nbsp;Carlos de Oliveira Galvão ,&nbsp;Nildo da Silva Dias ,&nbsp;Bárbara Barbosa Tsuyuguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article analyses the behaviour of groundwater salinity and its suitability for irrigation purposes and proposes multilevel crop planning to increase agricultural benefits based on water salinity management strategies. The study area is a 12-km-long portion of an alluvial aquifer, where the irrigated perimeter of Sumé is located, in the municipality of Sumé, in the State of Paraíba, Brazil. Three wells were selected, located in the middle portion and at the ends of the aquifer. Based on the physical-chemical data collected, the classification of groundwater for agricultural use was carried out. Then, a multilevel planning model based on water salinity management is proposed, considering the geographic scale of the aquifer, different decision-making levels (lot and of irrigated perimeter), in addition to the involvement of different actors, including organizations and small farmers, at different decision levels. The results indicated that the waters in the initial portion of the aquifer have the highest levels of salinity and that the waters in the final reach have better quality, possibly due to the shorter and longer distances from the sources of contamination, respectively. The possibility of increasing the availability of water in the aquifer and the crop yield was indicated, in addition to other benefits related to the qualification of farmers and the commercialization of products, among others. In this sense, multilevel planning is suggested as a tool that can generate benefits for farmers beyond crop yields, including social and economic aspects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101392"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143132983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}