Groundwater for Sustainable Development最新文献_第4页

Biochar in constructed wetlands and biofilters: Unveiling its potential for wastewater treatment enhancement and ecological benefits 人工湿地和生物过滤器中的生物炭：揭示其废水处理增强和生态效益的潜力

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101533

Bharti Sadhiyan , Wiem Mezlini , Sangeeta Madan , Monika Kumari

Constructed wetlands (CWs) and biofilters are sustainable, cost-effective and efficient eco-technologies for wastewater treatment, where substrate selection critically influences performance. Recent studies highlight biochar as a promising substrate owing to its high porosity, surface area and adsorption capacity. Biochar produced from feedstocks such as wood, food waste, sewage sludge and coconut shell, used such as sugar bagasse, marble chips, iron powder, sylhet sand, soil, biochar of rice husk, coco-peat, cupola slag, recycled bricks, stones, lightweight expanded clay aggregate, gravels, sand, sawdust, coal, zero-valent iron, etc) under controlled pyrolysis conditions has shown remarkable potential in pollutant removal. A few factors that influence the quality of the biochar throughout the preparation process include the pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and carbonisation time. What characteristics biochar has for treating wastewater, how well it functions as a CW substrate, and the effectiveness of the treatment have all been investigated. A variety of factors, such as the substrate's physical and chemical properties, affect how well pollutants are removed from CWs. Another crucial component of managing the treatment system's efficacy is choosing the appropriate macrophyte and adding biochar to the filter appropriately. The plant that was used the most in earlier studies was Canna indica because of its many advantages. Using biochar as a filler for wetland areas, evaluated and documented several CW configurations. A review of recent studies further indicates that biochar-amended CWs achieve higher removal efficiencies for TSS (18.96–98.62 %), BOD (56.49–99.10 %), COD (43.11–99.9 %), TN (34.36–98.54 %), TP (33.33–99.6 %) and FCB (97 %) compared to conventional substrates. This review specifically emphasizes the role of CWs and biochar, highlighting the novelty of addressing not only pollutant removal but also limitations such as land demand, seasonal variability, and potential risks of biochar leaching. The significance lies in linking biochar-amended CWs with sustainable wastewater treatment strategies under real-world conditions. An additional concern is the potential leaching of heavy metals and toxic elements from biochar, which can negatively affect soil and downstream water bodies.

人工湿地（CWs）和生物过滤器是可持续的、具有成本效益和高效的废水处理生态技术，其中基质的选择对性能有关键影响。最近的研究强调生物炭是一种很有前途的基质，因为它具有高孔隙率、表面积和吸附能力。在可控热解条件下，以木材、食物垃圾、污水污泥和椰子壳为原料，如甘蔗渣、大理石屑、铁粉、木砂、土壤、稻壳、可可豆、天化炉炉渣、再生砖、石头、轻质膨胀粘土骨料、砾石、沙子、锯末、煤、零价铁等为原料生产的生物炭在污染物去除方面显示出显著的潜力。在整个制备过程中，影响生物炭质量的几个因素包括热解温度、加热速率和炭化时间。生物炭在处理废水方面有什么特点，它作为连续废水基质的作用有多好，以及处理的有效性都进行了研究。多种因素，如基质的物理和化学性质，影响污染物从化粪池中去除的程度。管理处理系统效能的另一个关键组成部分是选择适当的大型植物和适当地向过滤器中添加生物炭。在早期的研究中使用最多的植物是美人蕉，因为它有许多优点。使用生物炭作为湿地填充物，评估并记录了几种CW配置。最近的研究进一步表明，生物炭改性的CWs对TSS（18.96 ~ 98.62%）、BOD（56.49 ~ 99.10%）、COD（43.11 ~ 99.9%）、TN（34.36 ~ 98.54%）、TP（33.33 ~ 99.6%）和FCB（97%）的去除率高于常规底物。这篇综述特别强调了化学废物和生物炭的作用，强调了解决污染物去除问题的新颖性，同时也强调了诸如土地需求、季节变化和生物炭浸出的潜在风险等局限性。其意义在于将生物炭改性化粪肥与现实条件下的可持续废水处理策略联系起来。另一个令人担忧的问题是，生物炭可能会浸出重金属和有毒元素，这可能对土壤和下游水体产生负面影响。

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引用次数: 0

Deciphering groundwater dynamics and recharge sources across India using stable isotopes: Implications for sustainable water management 利用稳定同位素破译印度地下水动态和补给来源：对可持续水管理的影响

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101548

Amit Pandey , Virendra Padhya , Swagatika Chakra , Akash Ganguly , Harsh Oza , Ruchir Patidar , R.D. Deshpande

This study presents first ever seasonal isoscape along with groundwater recharge sources and their spatiotemporal variability across India, based on first ever, Pan-India groundwater isotope data (collected from 2527 locations for pre and post-monsoon seasons) collected under the aegis of the National Programme on Isotope fingerprinting of Waters of India (IWIN, 2008–2014). In this study, groundwater isotopic signatures were interpreted in conjunction with rainfall isotopic data from published sources and hydrogeological settings. The results reveal distinct spatial and temporal variations in groundwater isotopic composition, influenced by recharge sources and post-precipitation modifications. Despite monsoonal recharge, the isotopic composition of groundwater remained largely unchanged, suggesting a substantial pre-monsoon groundwater reservoir that dilutes the impact of seasonal recharge. A unique latitudinal pattern was observed, with groundwater becoming enriched from south to north up to ∼20° latitude before depleting northward, opposite to rainfall isotope trends, this anomaly reflects hydrogeological controls, particularly the influence of basaltic terrains and evaporative processes. Seasonal variation in δ¹⁸O of groundwater indicates that ∼45 % of India's area experiences recharge from SWM rainfall, while ∼25 % shows evidence of alternative recharge sources such as Northeast Monsoon rainfall, irrigation return flow, or canal water. The remaining ∼30 % shows little seasonal isotopic change, suggesting limited recharge capacity and vulnerability to overexploitation. Exceptionally depleted isotopic values in the Indo-Gangetic Plain highlight the role of continental moisture recycling (>50 %).

These findings provide the first baseline isoscape for India, offering critical insights into groundwater recharge processes, base flow estimation, and surface water groundwater interactions. The findings serve as a foundation for identifying regions requiring focused artificial recharge and for developing strategies to ensure sustainable groundwater management.

在印度水域同位素指纹图谱国家计划（IWIN, 2008-2014）的支持下，本研究首次基于印度各地的地下水同位素数据（收集自2527个地点的季风前后季节），展示了印度各地的季节性等剖面图以及地下水补给来源及其时空变化。在这项研究中，地下水同位素特征与来自公开来源和水文地质背景的降雨同位素数据一起进行了解释。结果表明，受补给源和降水后变化的影响，地下水同位素组成具有明显的时空变化特征。尽管有季风补给，但地下水的同位素组成基本保持不变，这表明季风前存在大量地下水水库，可以稀释季节性补给的影响。观测到一种独特的纬向格局，地下水从南向北富集到~ 20°纬度，然后向北枯竭，与降雨同位素趋势相反，这种异常反映了水文地质控制，特别是玄武岩地形和蒸发过程的影响。地下水δ18O的季节变化表明，印度约45%的地区经历了SWM降雨的补给，而约25%的地区显示了东北季风降雨、灌溉回流或运河水等替代补给来源的证据。剩余的~ 30%显示出很少的季节性同位素变化，表明补给能力有限，容易受到过度开发。印度-恒河平原异常枯竭的同位素值突出了大陆水分再循环的作用（> 50%）。这些发现为印度提供了第一个基线等值线图，为地下水补给过程、基流估算和地表水-地下水相互作用提供了重要见解。研究结果为确定需要集中人工补给的区域和制定确保可持续地下水管理的战略奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of deep-water wells drawdown: A case study of legedadi deep well field phase I, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 深水井降水评估：以埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴leggedadi深井油田一期为例

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101539

Abenezer Zelalem , Abebe Worku , Solomon Tibebu

This study presents a comprehensive assessment of groundwater sustainability and operational performance in the Legedadi Deep Well Field Phase I, a key water supply source for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Between 2017 and 2024, groundwater level data revealed an average drawdown of 51.06 ± 22.74 m across functional wells, with the most extreme case (LLA3) declining by 112.9 m. Flow rates declined by 28 %, and pump efficiency ranged between 38 % and 72 %, with most wells falling below ANSI/HI standards. Energy consumption in several wells exceeded the sustainable threshold of 0.5 kWh/m³ in several wells, indicating high operational inefficiencies. Unregulated 24-h pumping, failure of the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system, and lack of preventive maintenance contributed to resource overuse and delayed response to operational failures. While initial empirical recharge estimates indicated a surplus, corrected estimates using a factor of 0.15 showed annual effective recharge between 8.86 and 18.60 million m³, potentially less than extraction volumes. Power interruptions and electromechanical failures between July and November 2024 caused a total of 1.59 million m³ of lost production. Although land-use change was minimal (0.81 %), urban expansion remains a future risk to recharge zones. Recommendations include restoring SCADA functionality, enforcing rotational pumping schedules, improving pump efficiency, implementing Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR), and strengthening institutional preventive maintenance. These evidence-based interventions support sustainable groundwater management in rapidly urbanizing and water-stressed environments.

本研究对埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴的一个关键水源——Legedadi深井田一期的地下水可持续性和运行性能进行了综合评估。2017年至2024年间，地下水水位数据显示，各功能井的平均下降幅度为51.06±22.74 m，最极端情况下（LLA3）下降幅度为112.9 m。流量下降了28%，泵效率在38%到72%之间，大多数井都低于ANSI/HI标准。有几口井的能耗超过了0.5 kWh/m3的可持续阈值，表明作业效率很低。不受管制的24小时泵送、监控和数据采集（SCADA）系统故障以及缺乏预防性维护导致资源过度使用和对操作故障的响应延迟。虽然最初的经验补给估计显示有盈余，但使用系数为0.15的修正估计显示每年有效补给在886万至1860万立方米之间，可能低于采出量。2024年7月至11月期间的电力中断和机电故障共造成159万立方米的生产损失。虽然土地利用变化最小（0.81%），但城市扩张仍然是补给区未来的风险。建议包括恢复SCADA功能，执行旋转抽水计划，提高泵效率，实施管理含水层补给（MAR），以及加强机构预防性维护。这些基于证据的干预措施支持在快速城市化和水资源紧张的环境中进行可持续的地下水管理。

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引用次数: 0

A review of published documents in the field of drinking water purification in the last decade 近十年来在饮用水净化领域发表的文献综述

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101543

Mohammad Hemmat Esfe , Sayyid Majid Motallebi , Soheila Tallebi Mahabadi , Davood Toghraie

This study reviews published literature on water purification for human use over the last decade (2014–2024). The required data was extracted from the reliable Scopus database. The results indicate that there are 262 sources and 1278 studies. The focus of conducting studies is on groups, and the value of 5.67 for the number of co-authors demonstrates that most of the studies required significant research and experimental work. Most papers belonged to the SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT journal, with 157 papers. Author Zhang X is the most active author, with 28 publications. The countries of America, China, and India rank first, second, and third, respectively, in terms of citations. The superiority and distance of Tongji University from other organizations are significant. The most important documents belong to YANG Y, 2017, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON. The keywords “drinking water,” “water purification,” and “water management” rank first, second, and third, with 2,668, 1,266, and 1252 repetitions, respectively.

本研究回顾了过去十年（2014-2024年）关于人类用水净化的已发表文献。从可靠的Scopus数据库中提取所需的数据。结果表明，文献来源262篇，研究1278篇。开展研究的重点是群体，共同作者数量的5.67值表明，大多数研究需要大量的研究和实验工作。大多数论文属于《全环境科学》杂志，共有157篇论文。作者张某某是最活跃的作者，发表了28篇论文。美国、中国和印度在引用次数方面分别排名第一、第二和第三。同济大学的优势和与其他组织的距离是显著的。最重要的文献属于杨勇，2017,SCI TOTAL ENVIRON。关键词“饮用水”、“水净化”和“水管理”分别以2668次、1266次和1252次的重复次数排名第一、第二和第三。

引用次数: 0

Chemical attribution and health risk assessment of groundwater in the southern Mongolian Plateau driven by coal mining 蒙古高原南部煤矿开采地下水化学属性及健康风险评价

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101537

Lijing Fang , Ruizhong Gao , Wenfeng Chi , Xixi Wang , Tingxi Liu , Yinlong Wang

The intensification of coal mining has raised growing concerns about groundwater quality, particularly in ecologically sensitive areas and resource-scarce grassland regions. Assessing groundwater quality, identifying ions sources, and evaluating health risks are crucial for local residents and government in managing and protecting groundwater resources. This study selects the Baiyinhua River Basin as the research area and analyzes 118 shallow groundwater samples collected from 42 locations in June, August, and October 2023 using Piper, Gibbs, Positive matrix factorization (PMF), Self-Organizing Map (SOM), Entropy-Weighted Water Quality Index (EWQI) and health risk assessments. The results indicate that the dominant groundwater chemistry is dominated by HCO₃⁻-Ca²⁺, primarily controlled by carbonate weathering, with localized anthropogenic impacts from urban activity and coal combustion. Natural and human processes jointly influence groundwater, with contributions from geological and mining factors (49.1 %), water–rock interactions (32.6 %), agriculture (11.6 %), and manure (6.7 %). Overall, groundwater quality is relatively high and regions with excellent water quality are concentrated in the southeastern part of the basin. The water quality in upstream is superior to that in downstream areas, and the foothill regions exhibit good quality. However, water quality deteriorates near coal mines and in populated areas such as Baiyinhua Town. NO₃⁻ is identified as the primary factor contributing to non-carcinogenic health risks in the study area. The risk levels for human health, from highest to lowest, are as follows: infants > children > women > men. Notably, there are medium to high risks around coal mines and in Baiyinhua Town. The groundwater in most area is poses no risks to human health. However, attention should be paid to drinking water along the downstream of coal mines. Additionally, the protection of groundwater in the study area should be enhanced, especially during periods of frequent coal mining activities.

煤矿开采的加剧引起了人们对地下水质量的日益关注，特别是在生态敏感地区和资源匮乏的草原地区。评估地下水质量、确定离子来源和评估健康风险对当地居民和政府管理和保护地下水资源至关重要。以白银花河流域为研究区，采用Piper、Gibbs、PMF、SOM、熵权水质指数（EWQI）和健康风险评价等方法，对2023年6月、8月和10月采集的42个地点的118份浅层地下水样本进行了分析。结果表明：地下水化学成分以HCO3−-Ca2+为主，主要受碳酸盐风化作用控制，受城市活动和煤炭燃烧的局部人为影响。自然和人类过程共同影响地下水，地质和采矿因素（49.1%）、水-岩相互作用（32.6%）、农业（11.6%）和粪便（6.7%）的贡献。总体上，地下水水质较高，水质优良区集中在流域东南部。上游水质优于下游，山麓地区水质较好。然而，在煤矿附近和白银花镇等人口稠密地区，水质恶化。在研究区域，NO3−被确定为导致非致癌健康风险的主要因素。对人类健康的风险等级从高到低依次为：婴儿>；儿童>；妇女>；男子。值得注意的是，煤矿周围和白银花镇存在中高风险。大部分地区的地下水对人体健康不构成威胁。然而，应注意沿煤矿下游的饮用水。此外，应加强对研究区地下水的保护，特别是在煤矿开采活动频繁的时期。

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引用次数: 0

Elucidating groundwater-surface water interactions in scarcely gauged carbonated systems of semi-arid zones with environmental tracers. The Alcadozo aquifer and Mundo River case (SE Spain) 利用环境示踪剂阐明半干旱区几乎未测量的碳酸系统中地下水-地表水的相互作用。Alcadozo含水层和Mundo河案例（西班牙东南部）

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101555

Jorge Hornero , Lucia Ortega , Marisol Manzano

Understanding groundwater-surface water interactions is essential for sustainable water management in semi-arid regions, particularly in southern Europe, where water scarcity is increasing. Accurate knowledge of groundwater-river interactions is necessary to developing realistic conceptual models. The study focuses on the Mundo River in southeast Spain and its relationship with the scarcely gauged Alcadozo aquifer, characterized by fractured carbonated formations. To assess flow paths, recharge sources, residence times and groundwater-river interactions, major ions, stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O, δ²H), tritium (³H), strontium isotopes (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr), and radon (²²²Rn) was measured in 143 groundwater and 24 surface water samples in period 2008–2014. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was a paramount tool identifying zones of diffuse and concentrated groundwater discharge to the Mundo River. Findings reveal that groundwater discharge occurs primarily concentrated in the central zone while being more diffuse in the eastern and western parts. Hydrochemical facies and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr indicate that discharging groundwater in the western part results from water-rock interactions, whereas the central and eastern segments are affected by agricultural influences. Tritium indicates that the discharging groundwater is relatively young and distinguishes between two groups with varying residence times: one representing currently recharged groundwater and the other linked to older groundwater with 1–3 half-life periods. The conceptual model supported by PCA illustrates that the Mundo River is sustained by groundwater contributions from varied flow paths, influenced by precipitation, topography, and rock fractures. The study provides essential insights for future management of water resources in regions with limited groundwater monitoring, especially under climate and land-use pressures.

了解地下水和地表水的相互作用对于半干旱地区的可持续水资源管理至关重要，特别是在缺水日益严重的南欧。准确了解地下水与河流的相互作用对于建立现实的概念模型是必要的。这项研究的重点是西班牙东南部的蒙多河及其与几乎没有测量过的阿尔卡多佐含水层的关系，该含水层的特征是断裂的碳酸盐岩地层。为了评估径流路径、补给来源、停留时间和地下水-河流相互作用，在2008-2014年期间测量了143个地下水和24个地表水样品的主要离子、稳定同位素（δ18O、δ2H）、氚（3H）、锶同位素（87Sr/86Sr）和氡（222Rn）。主成分分析（PCA）是确定向蒙多河扩散和集中地下水排放区域的重要工具。结果表明：地下水排放主要集中在中央区，东西部分布较分散；水化学相和87Sr/86Sr表明，西部地区的地下水排放是水岩相互作用的结果，而中部和东部地区则受农业影响。氚表明排放的地下水相对较年轻，并区分出两组不同停留时间的地下水：一组代表当前补给的地下水，另一组与具有1-3个半衰期的较老地下水有关。主成分分析支持的概念模型表明，蒙多河是由来自不同流道的地下水维持的，受降水、地形和岩石断裂的影响。这项研究为地下水监测有限的地区，特别是在气候和土地利用压力下，未来的水资源管理提供了重要的见解。

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引用次数: 0

New approach to evaluate groundwater quality for human consumption: application of a personalized index and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements 评价供人类消费的地下水质量的新方法：应用个性化指数和潜在有毒元素的健康风险评估

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101542

Oualid Boukich , Rihab Ben-tahar , Bouchra El guerrouj , Youssef Smiri

Assessing groundwater quality is crucial in semi-arid regions where these resources represent the main source of drinking water. This study, conducted in the Angads plain (north-east Morocco), examined 90 groundwater samples collected during two distinct periods: wet and dry. The objective was to characterize the physicochemical and metallic quality of water intended for human consumption, while taking into account seasonal variability and health risks. The results of physicochemical parameters revealed that average ion concentrations (mg/L) in groundwater were in the following order: Na⁺ (272.90) > Ca²⁺ (195.77) > Mg²⁺ (67.87) > K⁺ (5.45) for cations, and Cl⁻ (553.17) > HCO₃⁻ (395.76) > SO₄²⁻ (150.03) > NO₃⁻ (70.41) for anions. The Customized Groundwater Quality Index (CGWQI) developed in this study based on a factorial analysis, showed that almost all groundwater samples (84.5 %) were of moderate to excellent quality. The Heavy metal Pollution Index (HPI) was used to evaluate Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs), revealing that 100 % of the samples showed no trace element pollution. Furthermore, the health risk assessment evaluated by the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) showed that 100 % of groundwater samples, for children and adults, did not represent a risk for children and adults. Additionally, the Total Carcinogenic Risk (TCR) also showed that all groundwater were safe and did not represent a carcinogenic risk. The CGWQI index, which is better adapted to local conditions, provides a more accurate reflection of seasonal variations. This study underscores the importance of using indices customized to the local environment for more precise water quality assessments.

评估地下水质量在半干旱地区至关重要，因为这些资源是饮用水的主要来源。这项研究在Angads平原（摩洛哥东北部）进行，检查了在两个不同时期（干湿期）收集的90个地下水样本。目的是确定供人类饮用的水的物理化学和金属质量特征，同时考虑到季节变化和健康风险。理化参数分析结果表明，地下水中离子平均浓度（mg/L）为：阳离子Na+ (272.90) > Ca2+ (195.77) > Mg2+ (67.87) > K+(5.45)；阴离子Cl−(553.17)> HCO3−(395.76)> SO42−(150.03)> NO3−(70.41)。基于因子分析，本研究建立了自定义地下水质量指数（CGWQI），结果表明，几乎所有地下水样本（84.5%）的水质均为中至优。使用重金属污染指数（HPI）评价潜在有毒元素（pte）， 100%的样品没有微量元素污染。此外，通过目标危害商（THQ）评估的健康风险评估表明，儿童和成人的地下水样本100%不代表儿童和成人的风险。此外，总致癌风险（TCR）也表明所有地下水都是安全的，不存在致癌风险。CGWQI指数能更准确地反映季节变化，更能适应当地条件。这项研究强调了使用根据当地环境定制的指数进行更精确的水质评估的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Lithium ions removal from groundwater using waste-derived date pits modified with manganese oxide and cellulose nanocrystals 利用锰氧化物和纤维素纳米晶改性的废枣核去除地下水中的锂离子

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101544

Hadeel A. Al-Karablieh , Amina BiBi , Nabil Zouari , Basem Shomar , Mohammad A. Al-Ghouti

Lithium (Li⁺) has been detected in water sources as a result of growing industrial activities, posing potential risks to both environmental and human health. To address this concern, the current investigation aimed to assess the feasibility of removing lithium ions from groundwater through adsorption using a novel waste-based adsorbent derived from date pits. The modification of date pits involved incorporating manganese oxide/cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) composites (MnO₂/CNC@DP). Various parameters of the adsorption study were assessed, including pH, temperature, and the initial concentration of Li⁺, using both synthetic solutions and real groundwater samples. The adsorbent's physicochemical properties were characterized using a range of analytical techniques. The adsorption studies revealed that at pH 2, the Li⁺ removal efficiency reached 25.18 % and the adsorption capacity improved with higher initial Li⁺ concentrations, reaching 15.5 mg/g. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic, with the Langmuir model providing the best fit to the experimental data. An efficiency of 88.42 % was achieved for the removal of Li⁺ from real groundwater samples. Desorption experiments further indicated that Li⁺ could be effectively desorbed using 1.0 M HCl. The proposed mechanisms governing Li⁺ adsorption by (MnO₂/CNC@DP) included chemisorption, pore filling, intra-particle diffusion, and electrostatic attraction. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MnO₂/CNC@DP is a promising and cost-effective adsorbent for removing Li⁺ from contaminated groundwater.

由于工业活动日益增多，在水源中发现了锂（Li+），对环境和人类健康构成潜在风险。为了解决这一问题，本研究旨在评估利用从枣坑中提取的新型废物吸附剂通过吸附去除地下水中锂离子的可行性。枣核的改性涉及加入氧化锰/纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）复合材料（MnO2/CNC@DP）。使用合成溶液和真实地下水样品，评估了吸附研究的各种参数，包括pH、温度和Li+的初始浓度。利用一系列分析技术对吸附剂的理化性质进行了表征。吸附研究表明，在pH为2时，Li+的去除率可达25.18%，随着初始Li+浓度的提高，吸附量可达15.5 mg/g。热力学分析表明，吸附过程是自发的吸热过程，Langmuir模型与实验数据拟合最好。实际地下水样品中Li+的去除效率为88.42%。解吸实验进一步表明，1.0 M HCl可以有效解吸Li+。（MnO2/CNC@DP）吸附Li+的机理包括化学吸附、孔隙填充、颗粒内扩散和静电吸引。综上所述，本研究表明MnO2/CNC@DP是一种有前景且经济高效的吸附剂，可用于去除污染地下水中的Li+。

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引用次数: 0

Legislative impact on groundwater sustainability: Evaluating the Castronuño Nature Reserve case (Spain) 对地下水可持续性的立法影响：评价Castronuño自然保护区案例（西班牙）

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101546

Esther Rodríguez-Jiménez , Daniel Balzan-Alzate , Miguel Ángel Marazuela , Alejandro García-Gil , Joselin S. Rodríguez-Alcántara , Juan C. Santamarta

This study addresses a significant knowledge gap regarding the long-term hydrological and chemical impacts of conservation legislation on groundwater systems in agriculturally intensive regions. Specifically, it evaluates the effectiveness of Spanish Law 6/2002—which declared the Castronuño Riverbanks a Nature Reserve—on groundwater levels and water quality (including emerging pollutants) in the Duero River aquifer system in Castilla y León, Spain. Using historical borehole data spanning 1970 to 2023 from over 3,000 records provided by the Spanish Geological and Mining Institute and the Duero River Basin Authority, the research compared groundwater extraction volumes, piezometric trends, and chemical parameters before and after the law, and analysed 55 emerging contaminants sampled at six strategic points in 2022. The results indicate a 25 % reduction in allocated extraction volumes post-legislation, stabilization and partial recovery in shallow aquifers, and continued vulnerability in deeper semi-confined aquifers. While certain chemical parameters improved following the reserve designation, elevated nitrate and sulfate concentrations in shallow wells suggest ongoing agricultural impacts, and the frequent detection of pharmaceuticals and UV filters highlight deficiencies in conventional water treatment and monitoring systems. Overall, the study demonstrates that although the legislative framework has helped mitigate overexploitation and improved some aspects of water quality, enhanced monitoring, integrated management strategies, and stricter pollution controls are necessary to ensure the long-term sustainability and resilience of the aquifer system.

本研究解决了关于保护立法对农业集约化地区地下水系统的长期水文和化学影响的重大知识差距。具体来说，它评估了西班牙第6/2002号法律（该法律宣布Castronuño河岸为自然保护区）在西班牙卡斯蒂利亚León的杜埃罗河含水层系统的地下水位和水质（包括新出现的污染物）的有效性。该研究利用西班牙地质与矿业研究所和杜埃罗河流域管理局提供的3000多条记录中1970年至2023年的历史钻孔数据，比较了该法律出台前后的地下水开采量、水压趋势和化学参数，并分析了2022年在六个战略点采样的55种新出现的污染物。结果表明，在立法、稳定和部分恢复后，浅层含水层的分配采出量减少了25%，而在较深的半承压含水层中，分配采出量仍然脆弱。虽然在指定储量后，某些化学参数得到了改善，但浅层井中硝酸盐和硫酸盐浓度的升高表明农业正在受到影响，并且频繁检测药物和紫外线过滤器突出了传统水处理和监测系统的缺陷。总体而言，该研究表明，尽管立法框架有助于减轻过度开发和改善水质的某些方面，但加强监测、综合管理战略和更严格的污染控制是确保含水层系统的长期可持续性和弹性所必需的。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative assessment of groundwater quality using subjective and objective weighting methods in a multi-criteria decision analysis framework 多准则决策分析框架下主客观权重法对地下水水质的比较评价

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101553

Soumya S. Singha , Sudhakar Singha

This study examined the groundwater quality status of the Arang Block, Chhattisgarh, India, using an innovative framework based on the application of subjective and objective weighting for groundwater quality parameters in a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) context, and further corroborated using a validation approach based on uncertainty-driven machine learning technique. The Arithmetic Mean Method (AMM), Entropy, and Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation (CRITIC), were used to estimate the weights of groundwater quality parameter and combined with MCDA techniques, such as the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and PROMETHEE II (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations II) to evaluate groundwater quality and compared to identify the most effective evaluation process. The results indicated that the best evaluation was performed using the entropy-PROMETHEE II model, with the evaluation having the highest positive correlation (r = 0.936) with the average ranks of the wells. The entropy-based models consistently exhibited stronger performance, with higher rank correlations through rank correlation analysis. A Random Forest classifier prediction model was employed to validate the groundwater quality classifications derived from all the approaches, where entropy-TOPSIS and entropy-PROMETHEE II achieved superior classification accuracies of 0.842 and 0.925, respectively, outperforming WQI (Water Quality Index) and CRITIC-based counterparts. Model uncertainty was further evaluated using a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation framework, with the entropy-PROMETHEE II model demonstrating the highest certainty, averaging 95.6 %. The sensitivity analysis corroborated the entropy-based ranking pattern of parameter importance. Furthermore, statistical analyses, including PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and HCA (Hierarchical Cluster Analysis), suggested that groundwater quality is influenced by both natural geochemical processes and anthropogenic pressures, particularly from agricultural activities in the central to northern zones. This study advocates the entropy-PROMETHEE II approach as a scientifically robust framework for precise groundwater quality assessment and sustainable resource management.

本研究对印度恰蒂斯加尔邦Arang区块的地下水质量状况进行了研究，采用了一种创新的框架，该框架基于多标准决策分析（MCDA）背景下地下水质量参数的主客观加权应用，并使用了一种基于不确定性驱动的机器学习技术的验证方法进行了进一步验证。采用算术均值法（AMM）、熵法（Entropy）和标准间相关性重要性法（critical）来估计地下水质量参数的权重，并结合MCDA技术(如TOPSIS （Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution）和PROMETHEE II （Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment evaluation II）对地下水质量进行评价，并进行比较，找出最有效的评价过程。结果表明，采用熵- promethee II模型评价效果最好，评价结果与井的平均等级呈正相关（r = 0.936）。通过秩相关分析，基于熵的模型始终表现出较强的性能，具有较高的秩相关。采用随机森林分类器预测模型对各方法得出的地下水水质分类结果进行了验证，其中熵- topsis和熵- promethee II的分类准确率分别为0.842和0.925，优于WQI （Water quality Index）和critical方法。使用蒙特卡罗（MC）模拟框架进一步评估模型的不确定性，熵- promethee II模型显示出最高的确定性，平均为95.6%。敏感性分析证实了基于熵的参数重要性排序模式。此外，包括主成分分析（PCA）和层次聚类分析（HCA）在内的统计分析表明，地下水质量受到自然地球化学过程和人为压力的影响，特别是来自中北部地区农业活动的影响。本研究提倡熵- promethee II方法作为精确地下水质量评估和可持续资源管理的科学可靠框架。

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引用次数: 0