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Frontmatter
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-10-25 DOI: 10.1515/wps-2019-frontmatter2
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引用次数: 0
“Listen, Marxist!”: On the Forgotten Past of Self-Management and the Contemporary Orgasms of History “听着,马克思主义!《自我管理的被遗忘的过去与历史的当代高潮》
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1515/wps-2019-0006
Žiga Vodovnik
Abstract In this article, we argue that self-management should not be understood only as an economic project, but rather as a political form based on the transformation of the core principles of modern capitalist societies. We start from the supposition that self-management does not imply an economic, but primarily a political recomposition of society, which is why it is necessary to draw attention to the economic reductionism in the discussions on self-management. The purpose of this article is three-fold: first, we recover the original meaning of self-management, its forgotten, anarchist (pre)history, and elaborate on the anarchist theory of organisation that has dynamised the idea/practice of self-management throughout history. Second, we analyse Yugoslav self-management through the categories and concepts of Praxis philosophy, which leads us to the conclusion that the Yugoslav model of self-management was above all a non-political form that remained in the framework of liberal democratic theory. Finally, we explore the global mass assembly movement Occupy, building on the recent academic attention devoted to the notion of non-state spaces. We analyse the encampments and occupied squares as self-managed exilic spaces in which protesters (in)voluntarily escaped from both state regulation and capitalist accumulation.
在本文中,我们认为自我管理不应仅仅被理解为一项经济工程,而应被理解为一种基于现代资本主义社会核心原则转变的政治形式。我们从自我管理并不意味着经济重组的假设开始,而主要是社会的政治重组,这就是为什么有必要在讨论自我管理时注意经济还原论。本文的目的有三个方面:首先,我们恢复自我管理的原始含义,它被遗忘的无政府主义(前)历史,并详细阐述无政府主义的组织理论,它在历史上推动了自我管理的思想/实践。其次,我们通过实践哲学的范畴和概念来分析南斯拉夫的自我管理,这使我们得出结论,南斯拉夫的自我管理模式首先是一种非政治形式,仍然在自由民主理论的框架内。最后,我们探讨了全球大规模集会运动“占领”,以最近学术界对非国家空间概念的关注为基础。我们将营地和被占领的广场分析为自我管理的流亡空间,抗议者在其中自愿逃离国家监管和资本主义积累。
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引用次数: 0
The National Strategy for Inner Areas: Innovation, Policy Transfer and Post-Earthquake Reconstruction 内陆地区国家战略:创新、政策转移与灾后重建
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1515/wps-2019-0007
B. Baldi
Abstract This article analyses the Italian National Strategy for Inner Areas (NSIA) as a new policy for local development only partially linked to the European cohesion policy. It focuses on its innovative contents (vision, governance and methodology), and mainly on the transfer of innovation to lower levels of government and between local administrations. As an empirical study of policy transfer and policy innovation in a system of multilevel governance it shows an unexpected transfer of the NSIA methodology to another policy field: that of post-earthquake reconstruction in Central Italy. The article concludes by applying the typology of policy transfer developed in its first part to the analysis of the case-study as a whole.
摘要本文分析了意大利内部地区国家战略作为一项仅与欧洲凝聚力政策部分相关的地方发展新政策。它的重点是其创新内容(愿景、管理和方法),主要是将创新转移到较低一级政府和地方行政当局之间。作为多层次治理体系中政策转移和政策创新的实证研究,它显示了NSIA方法意外地转移到另一个政策领域:意大利中部地震灾后重建。最后,本文将第一部分提出的政策转移类型学应用于个案研究的整体分析。
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引用次数: 0
A Rising Tide that Lifts no Boats. The European Union and the Development of the Transnational Economy of Crimigration 水涨船高。欧盟与跨国移民经济的发展
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/WPS-2019-0004
M. Rewizorski
Abstract The author of the article focuses on investigating the relationship between the outbreak of irregular migration to Europe and the increasing importance of transnational criminal networks. The starting point is the assumption that the transnational economy of crimigration (TEC) is driven by the illicit activity of private actors (the supply side) and potential migrants who create the demand for this kind of services, often not realizing the full extent of the consequences of entering into contractual relationships with groups of smugglers (the demand side). It is also assumed that the dynamics of the transnational economy of crimigration is one of the main causes of the rising wave of irregular migration and the migration crisis in the European Union.
摘要:本文的作者着重于调查欧洲非正常移民的爆发与跨国犯罪网络日益重要之间的关系。出发点是假设非法移民的跨国经济是由私人行为者(供应方)的非法活动和对这类服务产生需求的潜在移民推动的,他们往往没有充分认识到与走私者集团(需求方)建立合同关系的后果。人们还认为,非法移民跨国经济的动态是欧洲联盟非正规移民浪潮上升和移民危机的主要原因之一。
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引用次数: 0
Governing European Affairs 管理欧洲事务
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/WPS-2019-0001
Jarle Trondal, Nadja S. Kühn
Abstract The aim of this article is to examine the role of ministerial officials in an integrated European multilevel administrative order. This study argues that organizational variables at the national level constitute a decisive filtering factor regarding how decision premises emanating from European Union (EU)-level institutions are received by domestic government institutions and officials. The study contributes to the literature in two main ways: Empirically it provides a comprehensive study of the role of Norwegian ministerial officials in the EU multilevel administrative order over a time period of 20 years (n = 3562). Secondly, it applies an organization theory approach to explain variation in actual decision-making behavior. The article discusses factors of general relevance to political science applicable beyond the case at hand. The study shows that ministerial officials are deeply involved with the EU multilevel administration. Moreover, it confirms the pivotal role of organizational factors in public governance processes.
摘要本文的目的是研究部长级官员在一体化的欧洲多层次行政秩序中的作用。本研究认为,国家层面的组织变量构成了一个决定性的过滤因素,决定了来自欧盟层面机构的决策前提如何被国内政府机构和官员接受。该研究以两种主要方式对文献做出了贡献:从经验上来说,它提供了对挪威部长级官员在欧盟多层次行政秩序中20年时间内的作用的全面研究(n = 3562)。其次,运用组织理论的方法来解释实际决策行为的变异。这篇文章讨论了与政治科学普遍相关的因素,适用于手头的案例之外。研究表明,部长级官员深度参与欧盟多层次行政管理。此外,它证实了组织因素在公共治理过程中的关键作用。
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引用次数: 1
“The Foundations of Freedom and Civilization”: The Durham Report, Municipal Institutions and Liberalism “自由与文明的基础”:达勒姆报告,市政制度与自由主义
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/wps-2019-0003
B. Morissette
Abstract Lord Durham was sent to Canada to investigate the causes of the Rebellions of 1837–1838 and to propose constitutional reforms to restore stability in the province. In his report, presented to the Colonial Office on February 4, 1839, he recommended the legislative union of the two Canadas, as well as the implementation of responsible government. He also noted that the proper functioning of such a government required the creation of a system of municipal institutions. This article offers a new reading of Lord Durham’s recommendations concerning municipal institutions, included in the last section of his famous report. By placing the document in the context of the debates raised by the constitutional and administrative reforms conducted in Britain during the 1830s, it shows that its author understood autonomous municipalities as an essential components of a modern mixed government. Such language was then employed by reformist Whigs in order to justify the policies which they thought were necessary to strengthen the country’s political institutions by adapting them to changing social circumstances. The analysis presented here challenges the interpretation provided by most contemporary commentators on the report. Many of them have concluded that Lord Durham’s understanding of local institutions is based on a liberal conception of political life, found in the writings of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. These studies tend to reduce early British liberalism to philosophical radicalism. They seek to demonstrate that liberals wish to deprive local communities of their political autonomy by integrating their institutions into the juridical structure of a highly centralized state. By focusing on the rhetoric used by Lord Durham to write his report, this article allows us to appreciate the heterogeneity of the definition of the municipality developed by liberalism.
达勒姆勋爵被派往加拿大调查1837-1838年叛乱的原因,并提出宪法改革以恢复该省的稳定。在1839年2月4日提交给殖民地办公室的报告中,他建议两个加拿大的立法联盟,以及实施负责任的政府。他还指出,这样一个政府的适当运作需要建立一个市政机构系统。这篇文章提供了一个新的阅读达勒姆勋爵的建议有关市政机构,包括在他的著名报告的最后一部分。通过将该文件置于19世纪30年代英国进行的宪法和行政改革所引发的辩论的背景下,它表明其作者将自治市理解为现代混合政府的重要组成部分。这种语言后来被改革派辉格党用来为他们认为加强国家政治机构所必需的政策辩护,使其适应不断变化的社会环境。本文提出的分析挑战了大多数当代评论家对该报告的解读。他们中的许多人得出结论,达勒姆勋爵对地方制度的理解是基于杰里米·边沁和约翰·斯图亚特·密尔的著作中对政治生活的自由主义概念。这些研究倾向于将早期英国自由主义归结为哲学激进主义。他们试图证明,自由主义者希望通过将当地社区的机构整合到一个高度集中的国家的司法结构中来剥夺当地社区的政治自主权。通过关注达勒姆勋爵在撰写报告时使用的修辞,本文使我们能够欣赏到自由主义对市政当局定义的异质性。
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引用次数: 0
Regional Alliance Structure and International Conflict 区域联盟结构与国际冲突
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/wps-2019-0002
Kentaro Sakuwa
Abstract Why are some regions more peaceful than others? Some regions are particularly plagued by traditional power politics and political tensions, while the danger of war between major actors has significantly declined in other regions. The conventional literature would answer the question from a dyadic perspective—a region with many states with certain set of traits, such as democracy, should be peaceful. However, it is ultimately an empirical question whether the prevalence of power politics and conflict can be solely explained by the type of states and dyads in a region. I argue that the nature of international interactions is shaped by regional-level environment. Due to local security externalities, dyadic politics and conflict is dependent on conditions in a local neighborhood. More specifically, this study focuses on the role of regional-level alliance structure. A region can be situated in various types of alliance configuration depending on global geopolitical climate. I argue that conflict is unlikely in a region in which a global power establishes hegemonic domination through alliance ties with local states. The presence of an external global power dominating a region provides a local enforcement mechanism and reassurance for local states, which in turn reduces hostile interactions among local states. To examine how the regional-level conditions influence dyadic-level politics among local states, this paper empirically analyzes political events data (Integrated Data for Events Analysis) applying multilevel modeling, aiming at contributing the literature by explicitly modeling the influence of regional-level variables on local politics beyond militarized disputes. Empirical analysis revealed that a regionally shared “patron” can promote peace between local states. However, the effect of regional hierarchy turned out to be indirect. Regional dominance structured by an external global power does not exert an overarching influence over an entire region by shifting the region-specific intercept. Rather, the regional-level global power domination in terms of defense pacts particularly influences powerful states in a region while not quite reducing hostility among “minor” local states. Thus, international conflict and hostility is indirectly constrained in a region under hegemonic domination by a global power. This study has empirically explored an argument that it is fruitful to go beyond a purely dyadic analysis of international conflict. The independent effect of a spatial environment means that even similar dyads may behave differently depending on the conditions surrounding them. It shows a need to reexamine some of the important findings about international conflict from a spatial perspective, taking into account macro-regional contexts within which states operate. Moreover, the introduction of regional contexts potentially bridges a gap between quantitative studies of international conflict and more area-specific studies.
为什么有些地区比其他地区更和平?一些地区尤其受到传统强权政治和政治紧张局势的困扰,而其他地区主要行为体之间发生战争的危险已大大降低。传统的文献会从二元视角来回答这个问题——一个地区有许多国家,这些国家具有某种特征,比如民主,应该是和平的。然而,权力政治和冲突的盛行是否可以完全用一个地区的国家和二元类型来解释,这最终是一个实证问题。我认为,国际互动的性质是由区域层面的环境决定的。由于地方安全的外部性,二元政治和冲突依赖于当地社区的条件。更具体地说,本研究侧重于区域层面联盟结构的作用。根据全球地缘政治气候,一个地区可以处于不同类型的联盟结构中。我认为,在一个全球大国通过与当地国家的联盟关系建立霸权统治的地区,不太可能发生冲突。主导一个地区的外部全球力量的存在为地方国家提供了一种地方执行机制和保证,从而减少了地方国家之间的敌对互动。为了研究区域层面的条件如何影响地方国家之间的二元政治,本文运用多层次模型对政治事件数据(Integrated data for events Analysis)进行了实证分析,旨在通过明确建模区域层面变量对军事争端之外的地方政治的影响来贡献文献。实证分析表明,一个地区共享的“保护人”可以促进地方国家之间的和平。然而,区域等级的影响是间接的。由外部全球力量构建的地区主导地位不会通过改变特定地区的拦截来对整个地区施加总体影响。相反,就防务协议而言,地区层面的全球权力支配尤其会影响一个地区的强国,而不会完全减少“小”地方国家之间的敌意。因此,国际冲突和敌意在一个全球大国霸权统治下的地区受到间接限制。本研究从经验上探讨了一个论点,即超越对国际冲突的纯粹二元分析是富有成效的。空间环境的独立效应意味着,即使是相似的二联体也可能因周围环境的不同而表现不同。它表明有必要从空间角度重新审视一些关于国际冲突的重要发现,考虑到国家运作的宏观区域背景。此外,引入区域背景可能弥合国际冲突定量研究和更具体地区研究之间的差距。
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引用次数: 0
Original References for WPS Vol. 15, Issue 1 (2019) articles WPS第15卷第1期(2019)文章的原始参考文献
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/wps-2019-2501
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引用次数: 0
How Regulation Effects Corporate Social Responsibility: Corporate Environmental Performance under Different Regulatory Scenarios 监管如何影响企业社会责任:不同监管情景下的企业环境绩效
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/wps-2019-0005
Orr Karassin, Aviad Bar-Haim
Abstract In a multilevel corporate social performance model we examine the effects of three different regulatory scenarios on corporate environmental performance (CEP) (relating to compliance and beyond compliance behaviors) as a measure of CSR. The empirical state defined as a “cooperative regulator” is assessed against three simulated scenarios: a “coercive regulator” (more punitive), a “demanding regulator” (strengthened standards) and a “lax regulator” (less punitive and less demanding). The relative effect of different regulatory scenarios is examined within a multilevel multivariate model. The model allows for the estimation of the role of regulatory strategies in relation to other CEP antecedents. The model includes the principal driving factors effecting CEP and incorporates three levels of analysis: institutional, organizational, and individual. The multilevel nature of the design allows for the assessment of the relative importance of the levels and their components in the achievement of CEP. Included in the institutional level are stakeholder expectations, regulatory demands and regulatory power. Included in the organizational level are corporate organizational culture, CSR orientation of managers and organizational leadership. Included in the individual level are personal workplace behaviors and norms, namely: job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. The simulation of regulatory scenarios shows that the empirical “cooperative regulator” has the strongest positive effect on CEP. Contrarily, coercive regulatory practices reduce the internal motivation for compliance and beyond compliance action, although they may increase the external incentives. Laxer regulatory practices reduce the credibility of the normative effect of the regulatory regime and weaken the internal motivation for CEP. While findings show that regulation does play a key role in CEP performance, the organizational level has the strongest and most positive significant relationships with CEP. Organizational culture and manager’s attitudes and behaviors are significant driving forces. Generally, the individual level, depicting workers’ attitudes toward their workplace, is found as insignificant in promoting CEP.
在一个多层次的企业社会绩效模型中,我们研究了三种不同的监管情景对企业环境绩效(CEP)的影响,CEP是企业社会责任的衡量标准(涉及合规行为和超越合规行为)。将经验国家定义为“合作监管机构”,根据三种模拟情景进行评估:“强制性监管机构”(更具惩罚性)、“苛刻监管机构”(加强标准)和“宽松监管机构”(惩罚性较低,要求较低)。不同监管方案的相对影响是在一个多层次的多变量模型中进行检验的。该模型允许对与其他CEP前因相关的监管策略的作用进行估计。该模型包括影响CEP的主要驱动因素,并结合了制度、组织和个人三个层面的分析。设计的多层次性质允许评估各层次及其组成部分在实现CEP方面的相对重要性。制度层面包括利益相关者期望、监管需求和监管权力。组织层面包括企业组织文化、管理者的企业社会责任取向和组织领导力。个人层面包括个人的职场行为和规范,即:工作满意度、组织承诺和组织公民行为。监管情景模拟表明,经验性“合作型监管”对CEP的正向影响最大。相反,强制性的管理实践减少了遵从的内部动机和超越遵从行动,尽管它们可能增加外部激励。宽松的监管实践降低了监管制度规范效果的可信度,削弱了CEP的内在动力。虽然研究结果表明,监管确实在CEP绩效中发挥了关键作用,但组织层面与CEP的关系最强烈、最显著。组织文化和管理者的态度和行为是重要的驱动力。一般来说,描述工人对工作场所态度的个人层面在促进CEP方面被发现是微不足道的。
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引用次数: 13
Frontmatter
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/wps-2019-frontmatter1
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引用次数: 0
期刊
World Political Science
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