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Private Investment in Chinese Football Clubs: Political Capital and State–Business Exchanges 中国足球俱乐部的私人投资:政治资本与国有企业交流
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1177/18681026231188142
Tobias Ross, Jonathan Sullivan, Hongyi Lai
Business–government relations play a crucial role in China's economic development and policy implementation. Situated in an asymmetric dependency nexus, local officials court business investments to facilitate policy and boost their political careers, while under Xi Jinping private firms are increasingly incentivised to support party-state goals to gain access to political capital. In this study, we use the case of football development to show how private business actors and government officials enter reciprocal relationships based on the exchange of respective financial and political capital. Using insights from semistructured interviews with practitioners and macro-level data, such as investors’ characteristics and financial data, we explore the role of political capital in state–business exchanges, specifying the mechanisms of this interaction (motivations, forms, and perceived benefits) and three distinct investment scenarios in the case of football. Besides insights into the sector, the article contributes to the understanding of the modus operandi of private business and local government in the Chinese political economy at large.
工商政府关系在中国经济发展和政策实施中发挥着至关重要的作用。在本研究中,我们以足球发展为例,展示了私营企业参与者和政府官员如何在各自金融和政治资本交换的基础上建立互惠关系。利用对从业者的半结构化访谈和宏观层面数据(如投资者的特征和财务数据)的见解,我们探索了政治资本在国有企业交流中的作用,详细说明了这种互动的机制(动机、形式和感知利益),以及足球案例中的三种不同的投资场景。除了对该行业的深入了解外,本文还有助于理解中国政治经济中私营企业和地方政府的运作方式。
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引用次数: 0
Building an “Asia-Pacific Community With a Shared Future”: Transformational Regionalism With Chinese Characteristics? 构建“亚太命运共同体”:中国特色转型区域主义?
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1177/18681026231199177
Xianbai Ji
Chinese President Xi Jinping has since 2013 advocated for an “Asia-Pacific Community with a Shared Future” (APCSF). This concept has rekindled debates on regional integration. The article begins by critiquing conventional Eurocentric theories of community-building while highlighting fundamental features of the Asia-Pacific approach. It recounts erstwhile proposals put forward by Japan, Australia, and America, drawing comparisons with the emerging Chinese vision. The APCSF envisions an inclusive intergovernmental society of cooperative yet interdependent economies in the Asia-Pacific. Unlike the notion of Indo-Pacific, the idea of Asia-Pacific countries belonging to a community has deeper economic and psychological roots. Furthermore, what sets the APCSF apart from previous proposals is its solid foundation that aligns with its ambitious goals. It can draw upon existing initiatives such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership for Trade Liberalisation and the Belt and Road Initiative for enhancing connectivity. Consequently, the APCSF stands a better chance of eventual realisation.
这一概念重新点燃了关于区域一体化的辩论。本文首先批判了传统的以欧洲为中心的社区建设理论,同时强调了亚太模式的基本特征。它重述了日本、澳大利亚和美国过去提出的建议,并与新兴的中国愿景进行了比较。亚太经合组织经济合作论坛设想在亚太地区建立一个具有包容性的政府间合作社会,同时又相互依存。与印太概念不同,亚太国家同属一个共同体的理念有更深的经济和心理根源。此外,APCSF与以往提案的不同之处在于其坚实的基础与其雄心勃勃的目标相一致。可以借鉴区域全面经济伙伴关系协定和“一带一路”倡议等现有倡议,加强互联互通。因此,APCSF有更好的机会最终实现。
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引用次数: 0
Hong Kong's Networked Agitprop: Popular Nationalism in the Wake of the 2019 Anti-Extradition Protests 香港的网络鼓动:2019年反引渡抗议活动后的大众民族主义
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1177/18681026231187002
Milan Ismangil, F. Schneider
Hong Kong's protest movements have created a repertoire of symbolism in artworks and artefacts that make statements about the political status of the city. This article analyses the protest art that emerged during the 2019 anti-extradition protests. We explore how actors produced a sense of “Hong Kong-ness” and distributed political meanings through networked agitprop: a form of strategic communication that links people and ideas together in both physical and digital contexts, through emotional appeals in the service of a grassroots political programme. By analysing examples of such agitprop, we show how the movement organically constructed networks of meaning to promote its ideas of people, nation, and even independence. However, we also find that the commitment to nationalist frames of reference ultimately prevents such art from re-imaging Hong Kong outside the confines of nations and that it even inadvertently reproduces the systems of power it ostensibly sets out to challenge.
香港的抗议运动在艺术品和手工艺品中创造了一系列象征意义,表达了香港的政治地位。本文分析了2019年反引渡抗议活动中出现的抗议艺术。我们探讨演员如何产生“香港性”的感觉,并通过网络宣传传播政治意义。网络宣传是一种战略沟通形式,通过情感诉求,在实体和数字环境中将人们和思想联系在一起,为基层政治计划服务。通过分析此类鼓动性宣传的例子,我们展示了该运动如何有机地构建意义网络,以促进其关于人民、国家甚至独立的理念。然而,我们也发现,对民族主义参照系的承诺最终阻止了这类艺术在国家范围之外重新描绘香港,甚至无意中再现了它表面上要挑战的权力体系。
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引用次数: 0
Politics of Memory, Heritage, and Diversity in Modern China 近代中国的记忆、遗产与多样性政治
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/18681026231204890
Maximilian Mayer, Karolina Pawlik
Interpretations and memorialisations of China's long history, in service of political aspirations of the present and towards the future, have long attracted scholarly attention. This special issue addresses how the curation, performance, and consumption of collective memory provide valuable insight into the interplay between the reconstruction of Chinese identity, cultural modernisation, and the shifting role of heritage and memory in Chinese domestic and international politics. Touching on issues around diversity in, for instance, personal/collective memory or community-based/state-led heritage, we consider how state–society relations inform local memory practices. Furthermore, the articles enclosed discuss pertinent and far-reaching impacts of China's cultural-material changes, transformations, and destructions in service of memory re-formation. Investigating the politicisation of heritage and the material solidification of strategically selected representations of the past, we consider how the notion of “memory infrastructure” contributes to an academic understanding of the interaction between history, memory, and politics.
对中国悠久历史的解读和纪念,服务于当前和未来的政治愿望,长期以来一直吸引着学术界的关注。本期特刊探讨了集体记忆的策展、表现和消费如何为中国身份的重建、文化现代化以及遗产和记忆在中国国内和国际政治中的角色转变之间的相互作用提供了有价值的见解。在谈到诸如个人/集体记忆或社区/国家主导的遗产等多样性问题时,我们考虑了国家-社会关系如何影响当地的记忆实践。此外,本文还讨论了中国文化物质的变化、转化和破坏对记忆重建的相关和深远影响。通过研究遗产的政治化和战略性选择的过去表征的材料固化,我们考虑了“记忆基础设施”的概念如何有助于对历史、记忆和政治之间相互作用的学术理解。
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引用次数: 0
Mnemonic Soft Power: The Role of Memory in China's Quest for Global Power 助记软实力:记忆在中国追求全球实力中的作用
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/18681026231193035
Hendrik W. Ohnesorge, John M. Owen
In twenty-first-century international relations, the telling of stories is as important an instrument of national power as are military strength or economic prowess. Geared not towards coercion or inducement but rather drawing on the forces of attraction and persuasion, such practices can be attributed to the realm of soft power, which plays a key role in today's great-power politics. Starting from these premises, the article explores the role of memory and its relation to soft power. By way of an empirical example, it argues that the recourse to and utilisation of memory constitutes a crucial component in China's quest for global power. In so doing, the article first establishes a conceptual bridge between soft power and memory in international relations. Subsequently, by taking into account contemporary empirical evidence, it identifies and discusses two select narratives – colonialism and tianxia – as core components of Chinese mnemonic soft power.
在21世纪的国际关系中,讲故事与军事实力或经济实力一样,是国家实力的重要手段。这种做法不以强迫或引诱为导向,而是利用吸引力和说服的力量,可以归因于软实力领域,软实力在当今的大国政治中起着关键作用。从这些前提出发,本文探讨了记忆的作用及其与软实力的关系。通过一个实证例子,本文认为,在中国寻求全球权力的过程中,对记忆的依赖和利用是一个至关重要的组成部分。在此过程中,本文首先在国际关系中建立了软实力与记忆之间的概念桥梁。随后,通过考虑当代经验证据,本文确定并讨论了两种精选的叙事——殖民主义和天下——作为中国助记软实力的核心组成部分。
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引用次数: 1
Enforcing Law Through Authoritarian Environmentalism? State and Non-State Actors in China's Environmental Public Interest Litigation 通过权威的环保主义来执法?中国环境公益诉讼中的国家与非国家行为主体
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1177/18681026231185791
Yi Ma, Wen Xiang
Numerous studies have examined China's authoritarian environmentalism, with a focus on policy-making and implementation. We argue that law enforcement should also be investigated as a crucial stage. Specifically, we examine environmental public interest litigation (EPIL) and analyse a novel dataset of 7010 EPIL court judgements from 2015 to 2020. We find that state prosecutors dominate EPIL activities, while the role of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) is strictly limited. We also show great variations in EPIL lawsuits filed by state prosecutors across provinces, indicating high local discretion over environmental law enforcement. Lastly, we doubt whether the great number of EPIL outputs from state prosecutors will produce significant environmental outcomes, because they tend to target low-hanging fruit, in contrast to the more challenging and environmentally profound EPIL cases initiated by NGOs. We highlight the value of using the authoritarian environmentalism framework to contextualise debates surrounding the development of EPIL in China.
许多研究考察了中国的威权环保主义,重点关注政策的制定和实施。我们认为,执法也应该作为一个关键阶段进行调查。具体而言,我们研究了环境公益诉讼(EPIL),并分析了2015年至2020年7010个EPIL法院判决的新数据集。我们发现,国家检察官主导EPIL活动,而非政府组织(ngo)的作用受到严格限制。我们还显示了各省州检察官提起的EPIL诉讼的巨大差异,表明地方对环境执法的高度自由裁量权。最后,我们怀疑国家检察官的大量EPIL产出是否会产生重大的环境成果,因为与非政府组织发起的更具挑战性和环境意义深远的EPIL案件相比,他们倾向于瞄准容易实现的目标。我们强调了使用权威环境主义框架来分析围绕EPIL在中国发展的争论的价值。
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引用次数: 0
The View From Beijing on Black Lives Matter: Why do Black Lives Matter for Beijing? 从北京看黑人的命也重要:为什么黑人的命对北京很重要?
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.1177/18681026231178560
Oana Burcu, Weixiang Wang
Why and how has China covered the Black Lives Matter (BLM), a movement with emerging themes closely related to its domestic issues? To what extent does the Chinese media build a unified discourse on sensitive themes that underpin the BLM? These are important questions given China's complicated history with ethnicity, race, and protests. This article argues that Chinese media uses BLM as a multi-faceted propaganda tool to foster cohesion at ideological level. NVivo-powered coding and thematic media analysis show that mainstream media, including official, semi-official and commercial media, and we-media do not present a uniform discourse on BLM. While they generally converge on criticism towards “protests” and “police” action, they display a nuanced “anti-US” and “Greater China” discourse. Moreover, the BLM coverage is used to undermine the US and strengthen by comparison the party-state's legitimacy. In the absence of a reflective discussion on race, racist undertones emerge in Chinese we-media.
“黑人的命也重要”(BLM)是一个新兴的主题与其国内问题密切相关的运动,中国为什么要报道它,又是如何报道的?中国媒体在多大程度上建立了对支撑BLM的敏感主题的统一论述?考虑到中国复杂的民族、种族和抗议历史,这些都是重要的问题。本文认为,中国媒体将BLM作为一种多方面的宣传工具,在意识形态层面培育凝聚力。nvivo动力编码和专题媒体分析表明,官方、半官方、商业媒体等主流媒体和自媒体对BLM的论述并不统一。尽管它们通常集中于对“抗议”和“警察”行动的批评,但它们表现出微妙的“反美”和“大中华”话语。此外,BLM的报道被用来削弱美国,并通过比较来加强党国的合法性。在缺乏对种族问题的反思讨论的情况下,中国自媒体中出现了种族主义色彩。
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引用次数: 0
Finding Good Help: Reconfiguring Digital Mediation in China's Domestic Service Labour Market 寻找好的帮助:在中国家政服务劳动力市场重新配置数字中介
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1177/18681026231167894
Q. Jiang, Jesper Willaing Zeuthen, A. Bislev
This article studies the making of a small fragment of China's social credit system by focusing on the evolution of digital mediation in the market for domestic service. We study the ongoing development and reconfiguration of various forms of digital mediation in the domestic service labour market from early local digital blacklisting attempts to the making of a nationwide app linked to the social credit system. We find that digital mediation so far mainly contributes to controlling domestic workers through the indicators included in the app. These indicators to a large extent reinforce existing categorisations of domestic workers. While the early blacklists were primarily market-driven, thereby resembling the platform economy outside China, the later nationwide system is closely linked to the central state and strengthens central state control over the market for domestic services.
本文通过关注家政服务市场中数字调解的演变,研究了中国社会信用体系的一个小片段的形成。我们研究了家政服务劳动力市场中各种形式的数字调解的持续发展和重新配置,从早期的地方数字黑名单尝试到与社会信用系统相关的全国性应用程序的制作。我们发现,到目前为止,数字调解主要通过应用程序中包含的指标来控制家政工人。这些指标在很大程度上强化了现有的家政工人分类。虽然早期的黑名单主要是市场驱动的,因此类似于中国以外的平台经济,但后来的全国性系统与中央政府密切相关,并加强了中央政府对国内服务市场的控制。
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引用次数: 0
Counter-Frames Against Anti-Asian Racism During the Corona Pandemic in Berlin – Coping With Exclusion, Creating Belonging and Organising Resistance 柏林冠状病毒大流行期间反亚洲种族主义的反框架——应对排斥、创造归属感和组织抵抗
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1177/18681026231161373
Kimiko Suda, Jonas Köhler
In 2020, anti-Asian racism re-emerged during the coronavirus pandemic in Germany and elsewhere, manifesting in media narratives, and evoking different forms of violence and exclusion, especially in public space. Racialisation as an everyday process creates “counter-frames” by racialised groups. They are constructed in relation to institutionalised interpellation as “the other.” Building on Feagin's concept of “white framing” and “counter-framing” and Löw's concept of space, this paper discusses the effects of racialisation, coping and anti-racist resistance strategies as developed by the Asian diaspora. Social change regarding racism will be analysed through Foroutan's concept of “postmigrant society.” We based this study on a convenience sample of people with Asian heritage which we conducted in 2020 in Germany. In addition, we included a diary study for which a subset has been sampled. We argue that the pandemic influenced the formation of counter-frames against anti-Asian racism in the specific context of Berlin.
2020年,在德国和其他地方的冠状病毒大流行期间,反亚洲种族主义再次出现,表现在媒体叙述中,引发了不同形式的暴力和排斥,特别是在公共空间。种族化作为一个日常过程,在种族化的群体中创造了“反框架”。它们是与作为“他者”的制度化质询相关而构建的。本文以费金的“白人框架”和“反框架”概念以及Löw的空间概念为基础,讨论了亚裔侨民所发展的种族化、应对和反种族主义抵抗策略的影响。通过Foroutan的“后移民社会”概念来分析种族主义相关的社会变迁。我们的这项研究是基于2020年在德国进行的一个方便的亚洲血统样本。此外,我们纳入了一项日记研究,其中一个子集已被抽样。我们认为,在柏林的具体情况下,这种流行病影响了针对反亚洲种族主义的反框架的形成。
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引用次数: 0
Mancunian Chinese Diaspora Organisations’ Response to Covid-19 – Studying the Societal Actors’ Perspective on Collaborative Governance in Crisis 曼彻斯特华人组织应对新冠肺炎——危机中社会行动者的协同治理视角研究
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1177/18681026231160799
Katja Levy
This article contributes to the emerging field of research on collaborative governance in crises. It asks how social organisations see their contribution of skills and expertise to tackling a wicked problem such as the Covid-19 pandemic. For this purpose, I interviewed representatives of ethnic Chinese organisations about their work and relationships with the local government in Manchester in 2020 and 2021. Ethnic Chinese organisations are an interesting group because they had early access to knowledge about the spread of the virus and its harmfulness. Collaboration with them could potentially have helped to contain the pandemic in the ethnic Chinese community in the city and beyond. Based on semi-structured interviews with representatives of ethnic Chinese organisations and applying the combined theoretical frameworks of social capital and collaborative governance theories, the study identifies five organisational types in terms of their involvement in collaborative governance efforts.
本文对危机中的协作治理这一新兴研究领域做出了贡献。它询问社会组织如何看待它们为解决Covid-19大流行等棘手问题所贡献的技能和专业知识。为此,我采访了华人组织的代表,了解他们在2020年和2021年在曼彻斯特的工作以及与当地政府的关系。华人组织是一个有趣的群体,因为他们很早就了解了病毒的传播及其危害。与他们合作可能有助于遏制该市及其他地区华人社区的大流行。基于对华人组织代表的半结构化访谈,并应用社会资本和协同治理理论的结合理论框架,研究确定了五种组织类型参与协同治理的努力。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
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