Translational Research in Anatomy最新文献_第10页

Effect of metformin on the neuronal morphology of frontal cortex and hippocampal regions in lipopolysaccharide induced neuroinflammation in male Wistar rats 二甲双胍对脂多糖诱导的雄性Wistar大鼠额叶皮层和海马区神经元形态的影响

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2024.100365

Vandana Blossom , Sheetal D. Ullal , Rajalakshmi Rai , Amit Massand , Chettiar Ganesh Kumar , Teresa Joy , Melisha Michael D souza , B.V. Murlimanju

Background

Neuroinflammation in the frontal cortex and hippocampus is the key contributor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a bacterial endotoxin (E-coli phenol extract) used to induce the neuroinflammation in animal models. Our study is aimed to study the protective effect of metformin on the neuronal morphology of the frontal cortex and hippocampal regions in lipopolysaccharide induced neuroinflammation.

Methods

This is an animal model study, which utilized the twenty-four male Wistar rats of about 6 weeks old. The rats were divided into 4 groups, which included control, experimental and treatment groups. 170 μg/kg of LPS injection was administered intraperitoneally once a week for the first eight weeks and the treatment groups received metformin, which was administered orally (100 mg and 200 mg/kg body weight/day). Rotarod test was used to confirm the neuronal loss and clinical analysis among the groups.

Results

Neuronal loss caused by the exposure to LPS in the dentate gyrus, CA4, CA3, CA2, CA1 (cornu ammonis regions) and frontal cortex, has been improved by the metformin treatment. Among the two doses of metformin, 200 mg/kg body weight exhibited better effect than the 100 mg/kg/body weight. The rotarod test findings suggested that, in the MF treated groups, the number of falls were reduced.

Conclusion

The histological analysis and clinical observation by the rotarod test revealed that, metformin attenuated the neuroinflammatory damage, suggesting that it has a neuroprotective role. This study recommends repurposing the usage of metformin as a neuroprotective agent.

背景额叶皮层和海马体的神经炎症是神经退行性疾病发病机制的关键因素。脂多糖（LPS）是一种细菌内毒素（大肠杆菌酚提取物），用于诱导动物模型的神经炎症。我们的研究旨在探讨二甲双胍对脂多糖诱导的神经炎症中额叶皮层和海马区神经元形态的保护作用。大鼠分为 4 组，包括对照组、实验组和治疗组。对照组每周腹腔注射一次 170 μg/kg LPS，连续八周；治疗组口服二甲双胍（100 毫克和 200 毫克/公斤体重/天），连续八周。结果二甲双胍治疗改善了因暴露于 LPS 而导致的齿状回、CA4、CA3、CA2、CA1（粟粒区）和额叶皮层的神经元丢失。在两种剂量的二甲双胍中，200 毫克/千克体重的二甲双胍比 100 毫克/千克体重的二甲双胍效果更好。结论通过组织学分析和临床观察，二甲双胍可减轻神经炎症损伤，具有神经保护作用。本研究建议将二甲双胍作为神经保护剂重新使用。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the bone tissue: Instrumental methods for characterization and biomedical research application 探索骨组织：表征和生物医学研究应用的仪器方法

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2024.100374

Lokadolalu Chandrachar Prasanna , Yashwanth Sing Bothra , Kumar Megur Ramakrishna Bhat , Vishwanath Managuli

引用次数: 0

Anatomy of labyrinthine artery and its clinical significance in neurosurgical procedures - A narrative review 迷走神经动脉解剖及其在神经外科手术中的临床意义--综述

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2024.100371

Jonasz Tempski , Grzegorz Fibiger , Katarzyna Majka , Ignacy Jastrzębski , Oliwia Andrasz , Dominik Łazarz , Jakub Pękala , Konrad Malinowski , Marcin Czternastek

The labyrinthine artery (LA), is a major vessel responsible for blood supply of labyrinth and cochlea in the inner ear, as well as cranial nerves, including vestibulocochlear and facial nerves. Its origin varies throughout numerous reports, however the most commonly reported origins include anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and basilar artery (BA). Nevertheless, arteries such as superior cerebellar, vertebral and posterior inferior cerebellar artery have also been reported as the sources of LA. What is more, the relationship between LA and vestibulocochlear and facial nerves has been described vaguely in many publications. The aforementioned not only represent anatomical idiosyncrasies, but the area of LA origin is also crucial from a clinical perspective, especially when performing a wide spectrum of skull base approaches, most commonly involving exposure of cerebellopontine angle. The thorough knowledge regarding LA course, branches, correlation with cranial nerves can be critical in prevention of iatrogenic lesions, which may occur during various approaches such as middle cranial fossa, rectosigmoid and labyrinthine (both trans- and retro) ones. Lastly, we should remember that many different variants of LA can lead to a broader range of symptoms in the case of vascular changes, such as aneurysms.

This publication's aim is to provide a brief overview on all possible variants of labyrinthine arteries described in the literature, as well as its trajectories in relation to vestibulocochlear and facial nerves.

迷宫动脉（LA）是负责内耳迷宫和耳蜗以及颅神经（包括前庭大神经和面神经）供血的主要血管。小脑前下动脉（AICA）和基底动脉（BA）是最常见的起源。不过，小脑上动脉、椎动脉和小脑后下动脉等动脉也被报道为 LA 的来源。此外，LA 与前庭神经和面神经之间的关系在许多出版物中也有模糊的描述。上述情况不仅代表了解剖学上的特殊性，而且从临床角度来看，LA 的起源区域也是至关重要的，尤其是在进行各种颅底入路时，最常见的是暴露小脑角。透彻了解 LA 的走向、分支、与颅神经的相关性对于预防先天性病变至关重要，这些病变可能在各种入路中发生，如中颅窝、直乙状结肠和迷宫（经后和经前）入路。最后，我们应该记住，如果发生血管病变（如动脉瘤），LA 的许多不同变异可能会导致更广泛的症状。本出版物旨在简要概述文献中描述的迷宫动脉的所有可能变异，以及其与前庭大神经和面神经的关系轨迹。

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引用次数: 0

The discovery of high endothelial venules. A historical note 高内皮小静脉的发现。历史笔记

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2024.100379

Domenico Ribatti

Background

Endothelial cells are a heterogeneous population. There are differences between the different species' endothelium, large and small vessels, and between endothelial cells derived from various microvascular endothelial beds. In this context, endothelial cells of high endothelial venules (HEVs) represent an extremely interesting and not-yet completely investigated cell population.

Methods

A literature search in PubMed on the history of HEVs was conducted. The keywords used in the search criteria were “High endothelial venules,” “Immunity,” “B lymphocytes,” “T lymphocytes,” and “Lymph nodes.” The results were summarized in a short narrative historical review based on published papers on the role of HEVs in immunity, inflammation, and cancer.

Results

HEVs are morphologically characterized by a plump, almost cuboidal appearance, a rounded nucleus, a thicker basement membrane, and a layer of mesenchymal cells outside the basement membrane. HEVs are specialized blood vessels mediating lymphocyte trafficking to lymph nodes and other secondary lymphoid organs. HEVs expand during inflammation in immune-stimulated lymph nodes and are profoundly remodeled in metastatic and tumor-draining lymph nodes.

Conclusion

This article emphasizes the important role of HEVs in immunity, inflammation, and cancer. However, although many aspects of HEVs are still to be discovered, their therapeutic modulation already offers interesting results, especially for cancer treatment.

内皮细胞是一个异质性的群体。不同种属的内皮细胞、大血管和小血管之间以及不同微血管内皮层衍生的内皮细胞之间存在差异。在这种情况下，高内皮小静脉（HEVs）的内皮细胞代表了一个非常有趣但尚未完全研究的细胞群。方法在PubMed上检索hev病史相关文献。搜索条件中使用的关键词是“高内皮小静脉”、“免疫力”、“B淋巴细胞”、“T淋巴细胞”和“淋巴结”。根据已发表的关于hev在免疫、炎症和癌症中的作用的论文，对这些结果进行了简短的历史回顾。结果细胞形态特征为：细胞核圆，基底膜较厚，基底膜外有一层间充质细胞。hev是专门的血管，介导淋巴细胞运输到淋巴结和其他次要淋巴器官。hev在免疫刺激的淋巴结炎症期间扩大，并在转移性和肿瘤引流淋巴结中被深刻重塑。结论强调hev在免疫、炎症和肿瘤中的重要作用。然而，尽管hev的许多方面仍有待发现，但它们的治疗调节已经提供了有趣的结果，特别是在癌症治疗方面。

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引用次数: 0

Stature estimation and sex determination from contemporary Northeastern Thai clavicles using discriminant function and linear regression analyses 用判别函数和线性回归分析估计当代泰国东北部锁骨的身高和性别

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100383

Chanasorn Poodendaen , Poonikha Namwongsakool , Sitthichai Iamsaard , Nareelak Tangsrisakda , Rarinthron Samrid , Chadaporn Chaimontri , Worrawit Boonthai , Suthat Duangchit

Background

Reliable methods for stature estimation and sex determination are still needed for anthropologists to identify other skeletal remains for applying in forensic cases when the skull or pelvis disappears or is severely damaged. The clavicle is known to have high sexual dimorphism because of its anatomical features including size and shape. High variability of clavicle has significant forensic application in many populations except the modern Northeastern Thais. This study aimed to develop the discriminant function analysis to estimate stature and sex dimorphism from dry clavicles in exploring a potential method for Thai forensic anthropology.

Materials and method

Four hundred dry clavicles (200 males, 200 females) identified for sex and height before body donation were measured for six standardized parameters including maximum length of clavicle (MaxL), anterior-posterior width at the acromion end surface (APA), anterior-posterior width at the sternal end surface (APS), superior-inferior width at the acromion end surface (SIA), superior-inferior width at the sternal end surface (SIS), and circumference at the mid-shaft of clavicle (CirMid), respectively. The discriminant function and regression analyses were used for sex determination and stature estimation.

Results

All parameters showed significant difference of sexual dimorphism with greater in male dimensions compared to those of females (p < 0.01). For sex determination using univariate analysis, the most accuracy rate was of MaxL (83.5 %). In stepwise discriminant function analysis, the four parameters of MaxL, APS, SIS, and CirMid on the right side could enhance the accuracy rate up to 88.5 %. The highest correlation of stature estimation was observed in the combined-sex analysis (r = 0.73, R² = 0.54, SEE = 5.78 cm) by using only right MaxL and CirMid parameters.

Conclusion

Multi-variable discriminant functions provide more reliability in sex determination while the combined-sex equations is the most effective method to estimate stature for contemporary Northeastern Thais. This novel method can be used to apply in the forensic anthropological analysis for Thai clavicle remain.

当头骨或骨盆消失或严重受损时，人类学家仍然需要可靠的身高估计和性别确定方法来识别其他骨骼遗骸，以便在法医案件中应用。由于锁骨的解剖特征包括大小和形状，它被认为具有高度的两性二态性。锁骨的高变异性在除现代泰国东北部人外的许多人群中具有重要的法医应用。本研究旨在发展判别函数分析，以估计干锁骨的身高和性别二态性，为泰国法医人类学探索一种潜在的方法。材料与方法对400根经性别和身高鉴定的干锁骨（男200根，女200根）进行6个标准化参数的测量，包括锁骨最大长度（MaxL）、肩峰端面前后宽度（APA）、胸骨端面前后宽度（APS）、肩峰端面上下宽度（SIA）、胸骨端面上下宽度（SIS）、胸骨端面宽度（SIS）、胸骨端面长度（max）、胸骨端面长度（max）、胸骨端面长度（max）。和锁骨中轴的周长。用判别函数和回归分析进行性别测定和身高估计。结果两性二态性各参数差异均有统计学意义，男性尺寸大于女性(p <；0.01)。单变量分析中，MaxL的准确率最高，为83.5%。在逐步判别函数分析中，右侧的MaxL、APS、SIS和CirMid 4个参数可提高准确率达88.5%。仅使用正确的MaxL和CirMid参数估算身高的相关性最高（r = 0.73, R2 = 0.54, SEE = 5.78 cm）。结论多元判别函数在性别判定中具有较高的可靠性，而组合性别方程是当代泰国东北人身高估计最有效的方法。该方法可应用于泰国锁骨遗骨的法医人类学分析。

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引用次数: 0

Laterally positioned external carotid arteries: Two cadaveric case reports 颈外动脉外侧定位：2例尸体报告

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2024.100381

Kara Coffman-Rea , Skylar Arwood , Karen E. Samonds , Dylan J. Fuchs , Julia P. Negrin

Anatomical variations in the carotid vasculature are clinically significant due to their implications for various surgical procedures and their potential to produce a range of symptoms. This case report highlights two notable variations observed during routine cadaveric dissections. In both cases, the external carotid artery was positioned laterally. Both cases presented the superior thyroid artery and superior laryngeal artery branching at the level of the carotid bifurcation; one case showed both arteries originating directly from the bifurcation, while the other case exhibited the typical branching pattern where the superior laryngeal artery branches from the superior thyroid artery. One case also included a high carotid bifurcation above the typical location at the superior border of the thyroid cartilage.

颈动脉血管的解剖变异在临床上具有重要意义，因为它们对各种外科手术有影响，并可能产生一系列症状。本病例报告强调了在常规尸体解剖中观察到的两个显著变化。在这两例病例中，颈外动脉均位于外侧。两例均表现为甲状腺上动脉和喉上动脉在颈动脉分叉处分支；1例显示两条动脉均直接起源于分叉，而另1例显示喉上动脉从甲状腺上动脉分支出来的典型分支。一例也包括颈动脉高分叉高于典型位置在甲状腺软骨的上边界。

引用次数: 0

Variation of lung fissure completeness and sex-based differences in lung anatomy using cadaveric lungs 尸体肺解剖中肺裂隙完整性的变化及性别差异

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100382

Nicholas R. Stange, Shivika Ahuja, Daniel T. Daly, Yun Tan

The gross anatomy of human lungs is relatively consistent; however, previous studies have noted variations in the degree of fissure completeness as well as sex-based differences in lung size and shape. In this study, 90 cadaveric lungs obtained through the Gift Body Program of Saint Louis University School of Medicine were used to describe the linear dimensions and fissure completeness of fixed cadaveric lungs, provide a detailed and reproducible method of measuring dimensions of lungs, and describe sex-related differences in lung dimensions. This study adds to the existing body of knowledge of lung anatomy from studies conducted via CT imaging, thoracic dimension analysis, pulmonary function testing, and other cadaveric studies. For dimensional analysis and fissure completeness, the right horizontal fissure exhibited the most variations in the fissures of the lung. For sex-based differences, female left lungs had a similar height, a narrower base, and a more oblique angle when compared to male lungs. No significant differences in oblique angle, horizontal angle or width to height ratios were observed. This is the first cadaveric study to demonstrate sex-based differences in human lungs and supports the reliability of using cadaveric specimens to study the clinical implications of anatomical variations.

人体肺的大体解剖结构是相对一致的；然而，先前的研究已经注意到裂隙完整程度的差异以及肺大小和形状的性别差异。本研究利用圣路易斯大学医学院Gift Body Program获得的90具尸体肺，描述了固定尸体肺的线性尺寸和裂隙完整性，提供了一种详细的、可重复的肺尺寸测量方法，描述了肺尺寸的性别差异。本研究补充了通过CT成像、胸廓尺寸分析、肺功能测试和其他尸体研究进行的现有肺解剖学知识。从尺寸分析和裂隙完整性来看，右侧水平裂隙在肺裂隙中表现出最大的变化。就性别差异而言，与男性相比，女性左肺高度相似，底部较窄，角度更斜。斜角、水平角和宽高比无显著差异。这是第一个证明人类肺部性别差异的尸体研究，并支持使用尸体标本研究解剖变异的临床意义的可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

Expression pattern of Calbindin-D28k, NeuN proteins, ATOH1 and EN2 genes in the human fetal cerebellum 钙宾蛋白-D28k、NeuN 蛋白、ATOH1 和 EN2 基因在人类胎儿小脑中的表达模式

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2024.100370

Phanindra Prasad Poudel , Arnab Ghosh , Chacchu Bhattarai , Saman Pradhan , Nirmal Panthi , Dela Singh Joshi , Shanti Khadka , Sandhya Kumari , Guruprasad Kalthur , Vani Lakshmi R. , Sneha Guruprasad Kalthur

Background

Human cerebellum plays a crucial role in motor coordination and cognitive functions. Series of events such as cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation occur during the development, which are tightly regulated by specific genes. Understanding the expression patterns of key genes involved in these processes during various stages of fetal development can provide valuable insights into the complex mechanisms of cerebellar development. This study aims to investigate the expression patterns of Calbindin-D28k, NeuN (neuronal nuclease), ATOH1 (Atonal homolog 1), and EN2 (Engrailed -2) in the human fetal cerebellum.

Methods

This is a descriptive observational study carried out in human fetal cerebellum, fluorescent immunohistochemistry was performed to study the expression of Calbindin-D28k and NeuN, and while the expression of ATOH1 and EN2 genes were quantified with the help of qPCR.

Results

Calbindin-D28k was highly immunoreactive in the Purkinje cells and located in their cytoplasm, nucleus and dendrites whereas absent in their axons. NeuN was expressed weakly in the perinuclear cytoplasm and nucleus of granule cells whereas absent in their dendrites and axons. ATOH1 gene was upregulated during third trimester whereas EN2 gene was upregulated during second as well as third trimesters.

Conclusion

Distribution and intensity of Calbindin-D28k and NeuN proteins in the human fetal cerebellum increased with the increase in fetal age. Expression pattern of ATOH1 and EN2 genes indicated that second and third trimesters are the crucial periods for the proliferation, migration and maturation of granule cells. These genes may play a crucial role in the establishment of normal morphology of human fetal cerebellum and its development.

背景人类小脑在运动协调和认知功能方面发挥着至关重要的作用。在发育过程中会发生细胞增殖、迁移和分化等一系列事件，而这些事件都受到特定基因的严格调控。了解参与这些过程的关键基因在胎儿发育各个阶段的表达模式，可以为了解小脑发育的复杂机制提供有价值的信息。本研究旨在探讨钙宾定-D28k、NeuN（神经元核酸酶）、ATOH1（Atonal homolog 1）和EN2（Engrailed -2）在人类胎儿小脑中的表达模式。方法这是一项在人类胎儿小脑中进行的描述性观察研究，采用荧光免疫组化技术研究钙宾蛋白-D28k和NeuN的表达，并借助qPCR对ATOH1和EN2基因的表达进行量化。NeuN 在颗粒细胞的核周细胞质和细胞核中表达较弱，而在其树突和轴突中则没有表达。结论钙宾蛋白-D28k 和 NeuN 蛋白在人胎儿小脑中的分布和强度随着胎龄的增加而增加。ATOH1和EN2基因的表达模式表明，第二和第三孕期是颗粒细胞增殖、迁移和成熟的关键时期。这些基因可能在人类胎儿小脑正常形态的建立及其发育过程中起着关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Revisiting the anatomy of inferior extensor retinaculum of foot and ankle, a study based on fifty embalmed adult cadaveric lower extremities 重新审视足部和踝部下伸肌腱膜的解剖结构，一项基于 50 具防腐成人尸体下肢的研究

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2024.100368

M. Praveen Shenoy, Mangala M. Pai, B.V. Murlimanju, Rajanigandha Vadgaonkar, Latha V. Prabhu, M.D. Prameela

Background

The facial condensation of deep fascia form retinacula, Superior and Inferior, with a primary function to hold the extensor tendons of the foot in position. The morphology of inferior extensor retinaculum (IER) is clinically important in the tendon rupture repair and foot drop surgeries. The anatomy of ankle and foot IER is not much investigated and this prompted us to conceptualize this study to investigate the morphology and morphological variants of IER.

Methods

This descriptive, cross-sectional institutional based study included 50 dorsa of feet from the 25 embalmed adult cadavers.

Results

The present study observed that, the anatomy of IER is complex wherein multiple septa of varied thickness arise from its undersurface from both the stem and limbs, defining its compartments. Five well defined compartments existed, which lodged the extensor tendons. The third compartment was deep and overlapped by the extensor digitorum longus tendons. Fourth compartment was well defined and lodged the extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius tendons, separated by an ill-defined septum. However, in 6 specimens (12 %), the peroneus tertius traversed the fifth compartment, which otherwise did not have any contents. Some morphological variants of the tendons were also noted as they passed beneath the IER.

Conclusion

Our study is novel in determining the compartment format, deeper connections of IER, and relations with deeper structures along with the anatomical variations, which are clinically important in ankle arthroscopy, tendinoscopy, tendon repairs and foot drop stabilization surgeries.

背景深筋膜的面部凝结形成了上伸肌腱网和下伸肌腱网，其主要功能是固定足部伸肌腱的位置。下伸肌腱网（IER）的形态在肌腱断裂修复和足下垂手术中具有重要的临床意义。踝关节和足部 IER 的解剖学研究不多，这促使我们构思了这项研究，以调查 IER 的形态和形态变异。结果本研究观察到，IER 的解剖结构复杂，从其茎部和肢体的下表面产生了多个厚度不同的隔膜，从而定义了其分区。存在五个明确的隔室，其中容纳了伸肌腱。第三个隔室很深，与伸拇长肌腱重叠。第四个隔室界限分明，藏有趾长伸肌腱和腓骨肌腱，被界限不清的隔膜隔开。然而，在 6 个标本（12%）中，腓总肌腱穿过第五室，除此之外，第五室没有任何内容物。结论：我们的研究在确定踝关节室的格式、踝关节室的深层连接、与深层结构的关系以及解剖变异方面具有新颖性，在踝关节镜检查、肌腱镜检查、肌腱修复和足下垂稳定手术中具有重要的临床意义。

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引用次数: 0

Multiple rare abdominal aortic branch variations in the case of a centenarian woman. Case report and review of the literature 一位百岁老人的多处罕见腹主动脉分支变异。病例报告和文献综述

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2024.100366

Michela Vincis , Claire Lewis , Denis Barry , Marcello Trucas

Background

Anatomical variations of the abdominal aorta are crucial when considering the success of clinical procedures including diagnostic imaging, oncologic resections, organ transplantations, laparoscopic surgeries, management of penetrating abdominal injuries, and interventional radiological procedures. Accurate knowledge of these vessels is essential for these procedures to be effective. The literature underlying the relationships of the anterior visceral branches of the aorta, especially regarding their origins and distances from the aortic bifurcation, is limited. As part of routine anatomical dissection, we identified multiple rare aortic vessel variants in a cadaveric female with associated visceral adaptations.

Methods

A 99-year-old formalin embalmed female donor was dissected at the Discipline of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin. The branches of the abdominal aorta were isolated, and their course and relationships with related abdominal organs were visualised.

Results

A ptotic arrangement of the liver, pancreas, stomach and gall bladder displacement, and multiple rare aortic branch variants were identified, including variations in the inferior phrenic arteries, a long hepatosplenic trunk, a long cystic artery originating from the gastroduodenal artery, the anterior origin of the right renal artery adjacent to the superior mesenteric artery, and the bilateral absence of the ovarian arteries.

Conclusions

These variations, combined with the inferior displacement of several abdominal viscera make this case exceptionally rare and significant for its potential clinical and surgical implications. This work demonstrates how the simultaneous presence of multiple rare abdominal vascular variations, and the concomitant displacement of abdominal organs has led to a complete adaptation of the vascular system and organ function. The donor had reached almost one hundred years of age without any significant symptoms, demonstrating how a systemic study of the patient is important prior to surgical intervention, where the presence of vascular variants is suspected.

背景在考虑临床手术（包括诊断成像、肿瘤切除、器官移植、腹腔镜手术、腹部穿透性损伤处理和介入放射手术）的成功与否时，腹主动脉的解剖变异至关重要。对这些血管的准确了解对于这些手术的有效性至关重要。关于主动脉前内脏分支的关系，特别是关于它们的起源和与主动脉分叉的距离，相关文献十分有限。作为例行解剖的一部分，我们在一具女性尸体上发现了多种罕见的主动脉血管变异，并发现了相关的内脏适应性。方法都柏林圣三一学院医学院解剖学科对一名 99 岁的女性供体进行了福尔马林防腐解剖。分离出腹主动脉分支，并观察其走向及其与相关腹部器官的关系。结果发现了肝脏、胰腺、胃和胆囊移位的下垂排列，以及多种罕见的主动脉分支变异，包括膈下动脉变异、长肝脾干、起源于胃十二指肠动脉的长囊动脉、邻近肠系膜上动脉的右肾动脉前部起源以及双侧卵巢动脉缺失。结论这些变异加上多个腹腔内脏向下移位，使得该病例异常罕见，并具有潜在的临床和手术意义。这项研究表明，同时存在多种罕见的腹部血管变异和腹部器官移位是如何导致血管系统和器官功能完全适应的。捐献者已近百岁高龄，却没有出现任何明显症状，这说明在怀疑存在血管变异的情况下，对患者进行手术干预前的系统研究是多么重要。

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引用次数: 0