Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-31DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100435
Maciej Biernacki , Magdalena Grzonkowska , Michał Kułakowski , Alicja Szulc , Mariusz Baumgart
Background
The teres minor muscle is one of the components of the rotator cuff.
Particularly in terms of anatomical variability and prenatal development it is less thoroughly.
Described in current literature.
Objective
The aim of the present study was to examine the growth dynamics of the teres minor muscle in the human fetus, based on its linear and planar parameters.
Materials and methods
Using anatomical dissection, digital image analysis (NIS Elements AR 3.0), and statistical tools (Student's t-test, ANOVA, regression analysis), morphometric parameters of the teres minor muscle were measured in 36 human fetuses of both sexes (17♂, 19♀), aged 18–30 weeks of gestation.
Results
The teres minor muscle showed no significant sex- or side-related differences. Muscle length increased logarithmically with gestational age, while width, circumference, and projection surface area followed linear growth patterns.
Conclusion
The normative values obtained for the teres minor muscle may serve as a developmental reference for prenatal anatomical studies and have potential clinical relevance in pediatric imaging, surgery, and neonatology.
背景小圆肌是肩袖的组成部分之一。特别是在解剖学变异和产前发育方面它不太彻底。在当前文献中描述。目的根据胎儿小圆肌的线性和平面参数，研究胎儿小圆肌的生长动态。材料与方法采用解剖解剖、数字图像分析（NIS Elements AR 3.0）和统计学方法（Student’st检验、方差分析、回归分析），对36例18 ~ 30孕周男女胎儿（公17例，母19例）小圆肌的形态计量学参数进行了测定。结果小圆肌无明显的性别和侧方差异。肌肉长度随胎龄呈对数增长，而宽度、周长和投影表面积呈线性增长。结论获得的小圆肌的正常值可作为产前解剖学研究的发育参考，在儿科影像学、外科和新生儿学方面具有潜在的临床意义。
{"title":"Quantitative anatomy of the rotator cuff muscle in the human fetus based on the teres minor muscle","authors":"Maciej Biernacki , Magdalena Grzonkowska , Michał Kułakowski , Alicja Szulc , Mariusz Baumgart","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The teres minor muscle is one of the components of the rotator cuff.</div><div>Particularly in terms of anatomical variability and prenatal development it is less thoroughly.</div><div>Described in current literature.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of the present study was to examine the growth dynamics of the teres minor muscle in the human fetus, based on its linear and planar parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Using anatomical dissection, digital image analysis (NIS Elements AR 3.0), and statistical tools (Student's t-test, ANOVA, regression analysis), morphometric parameters of the teres minor muscle were measured in 36 human fetuses of both sexes (17♂, 19♀), aged 18–30 weeks of gestation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The teres minor muscle showed no significant sex- or side-related differences. Muscle length increased logarithmically with gestational age, while width, circumference, and projection surface area followed linear growth patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The normative values obtained for the teres minor muscle may serve as a developmental reference for prenatal anatomical studies and have potential clinical relevance in pediatric imaging, surgery, and neonatology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-07DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100418
Joseph X. Anders , William Srinivasan , Maggie M. Minett , Susan P. Bare , Mohammed P. Akhter , Ethan L. Snow
Introduction
Eagle syndrome is a rare disease that causes elongation (>30 mm) of the temporal styloid process (SP) through osteogenesis (Type I) or ossification of the stylohyoid ligament (SHL) (Type II). Eagle syndrome implicates the styloid apparatus and can cause difficulty with swallowing, pain with neck movement, dissection of the internal carotid artery, and stroke. Reports investigating the Eagle syndrome gross anatomy and SP microstructure are scarce. This study seeks to investigate a case of Eagle syndrome SPs in a human cadaver with gross and micro-CT analysis and discuss its clinical significance.
Methods
The case was discovered during routine academic dissection of an adult male human cadaver. The styloid apparatus was examined bilaterally for any non-typical morphologies. The SPs were stripped of extraneous tissue and photographed. Linear and angular dimensions of the SPs were measured, and micro-CT analysis was performed on a section of the right SP. A comprehensive review of Eagle syndrome etiology, epidemiology, symptomology, diagnostic parameters, subtype descriptions, and treatment was compiled from current literature as a basis for clinical discussion.
Results
The long axes of the right and left SPs measured 41.4 mm and 33.0 mm, respectively, and the proximal, middle, and distal SP diameters averaged 4.2 mm, 3.5 mm, and 1.7 mm, respectively. Both SPs exhibited a mid-shaft tubercle, after which they decreased diameter by over 25% within 2 mm distance, increased angle of descent by more than 20.0° in the sagittal plane and exhibited noticeably different surface characteristics. Micro-CT analysis revealed relatively consistent trabeculae and cortical structure throughout the SP.
Conclusions
Clinical understanding of SP hyperplasia vs. SHL metaplasia as it applies to Eagle syndrome etiology and subsequent implications to the styloid apparatus is important for Eagle syndrome diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes. As Eagle syndrome can present with broad symptomology, this report may benefit primary care physicians, dentists, neurologists, radiologists, otorhinolaryngologists, and other medical professionals with information that can be used to improve diagnostic testing and treatment approaches in patients with Eagle syndrome.
{"title":"Anatomical investigation of elongated styloid processes (Eagle syndrome) with micro-CT analysis and clinical review","authors":"Joseph X. Anders , William Srinivasan , Maggie M. Minett , Susan P. Bare , Mohammed P. Akhter , Ethan L. Snow","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Eagle syndrome is a rare disease that causes elongation (>30 mm) of the temporal styloid process (SP) through osteogenesis (Type I) or ossification of the stylohyoid ligament (SHL) (Type II). Eagle syndrome implicates the styloid apparatus and can cause difficulty with swallowing, pain with neck movement, dissection of the internal carotid artery, and stroke. Reports investigating the Eagle syndrome gross anatomy and SP microstructure are scarce. This study seeks to investigate a case of Eagle syndrome SPs in a human cadaver with gross and micro-CT analysis and discuss its clinical significance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The case was discovered during routine academic dissection of an adult male human cadaver. The styloid apparatus was examined bilaterally for any non-typical morphologies. The SPs were stripped of extraneous tissue and photographed. Linear and angular dimensions of the SPs were measured, and micro-CT analysis was performed on a section of the right SP. A comprehensive review of Eagle syndrome etiology, epidemiology, symptomology, diagnostic parameters, subtype descriptions, and treatment was compiled from current literature as a basis for clinical discussion.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The long axes of the right and left SPs measured 41.4 mm and 33.0 mm, respectively, and the proximal, middle, and distal SP diameters averaged 4.2 mm, 3.5 mm, and 1.7 mm, respectively. Both SPs exhibited a mid-shaft tubercle, after which they decreased diameter by over 25% within 2 mm distance, increased angle of descent by more than 20.0° in the sagittal plane and exhibited noticeably different surface characteristics. Micro-CT analysis revealed relatively consistent trabeculae and cortical structure throughout the SP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Clinical understanding of SP hyperplasia vs. SHL metaplasia as it applies to Eagle syndrome etiology and subsequent implications to the styloid apparatus is important for Eagle syndrome diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes. As Eagle syndrome can present with broad symptomology, this report may benefit primary care physicians, dentists, neurologists, radiologists, otorhinolaryngologists, and other medical professionals with information that can be used to improve diagnostic testing and treatment approaches in patients with Eagle syndrome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves connecting five spinal nerve roots (C5-C8 and T1) and is responsible for transmitting motor and sensory signals to the upper limb. The ventral rami typically form three trunks, superior (C5-C6), middle (C7), and inferior (C8-T1), where each trunk channels motor and sensory information to specific upper limb regions.
Methods
A unique variation of the trunks of the brachial plexus was discovered during a routine dissection of a male cadaver within an anatomy laboratory.
Results
We present a case of a prefixed, two trunk brachial plexus, formed by the fusion of the middle and inferior trunks, along with downstream variations in the terminal nerve branches.
Conclusions
While anatomical variations of the brachial plexus are documented in the literature, fusion of the middle and inferior trunks are not commonly observed in human anatomy and subsequently not documented in the literature. Furthermore, we observed a prefixed plexus and anomalous communicating branches of the musculocutaneous nerve to the median nerve as additional features of the network. Altogether, understanding these variations is crucial for physicians, as it can affect surgical procedures and clinical presentations.
{"title":"A two-trunked anatomical variance of the brachial plexus: A cadaveric case report","authors":"Catherine A. Cash , Camryn Buskey , Eistine Boateng , Adel Maklad , Hamoun Delaviz","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The brachial plexus is a network of nerves connecting five spinal nerve roots (C5-C8 and T1) and is responsible for transmitting motor and sensory signals to the upper limb. The ventral rami typically form three trunks, superior (C5-C6), middle (C7), and inferior (C8-T1), where each trunk channels motor and sensory information to specific upper limb regions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A unique variation of the trunks of the brachial plexus was discovered during a routine dissection of a male cadaver within an anatomy laboratory.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We present a case of a prefixed, two trunk brachial plexus, formed by the fusion of the middle and inferior trunks, along with downstream variations in the terminal nerve branches.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While anatomical variations of the brachial plexus are documented in the literature, fusion of the middle and inferior trunks are not commonly observed in human anatomy and subsequently not documented in the literature. Furthermore, we observed a prefixed plexus and anomalous communicating branches of the musculocutaneous nerve to the median nerve as additional features of the network. Altogether, understanding these variations is crucial for physicians, as it can affect surgical procedures and clinical presentations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-05-15DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100403
Przemysław A. Pękala, Jerzy A. Walocha
{"title":"Editorial - The role of the clinical anatomy in improving the quality of the modern surgery","authors":"Przemysław A. Pękala, Jerzy A. Walocha","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100403","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2024.100323
Krzysztof Balawender , Iwona Kucharska-Miąsik , Maksymilian Kłosowicz , Wiktoria Florek , Edward Clarke , Artur Derlatka , Magdalena Szatny-Kiedrzyńska , Andrzej Żytkowski
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Meckel's diverticulum with intussusception in a 5-year-old patient: Ultrasound as the key to diagnosis. A case report” [Transl. Res. Anat. 35 (2024)]","authors":"Krzysztof Balawender , Iwona Kucharska-Miąsik , Maksymilian Kłosowicz , Wiktoria Florek , Edward Clarke , Artur Derlatka , Magdalena Szatny-Kiedrzyńska , Andrzej Żytkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100323","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-06-28DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100415
Jessica L. Hensley, Ryan Prohofsky, Ethan L. Snow
Introduction
An empty sella anatomical finding is characterized by the pituitary gland (hypophysis) being flattened against the wall of the sella turcica (hypophyseal fossa). Many neurologic and endocrinologic symptoms can ensue from pituitary gland deformity, resulting in empty sella syndrome (ESS) which is often diagnosed via computed tomography that showing the apparent “empty sella.” Gross cadaveric imaging and histological analysis of empty sella findings are scarcely reported in the literature but may help understand the condition. The objective of this study is to investigate a cadaveric case of complete primary empty sella (PES) with gross imaging, histological analysis, and a comprehensive clinical review.
Methods
An empty sella finding was discovered during routine dissection of the basicranium in an elderly male human cadaver obtained from an ethically approved body donor program. The case was photographed in situ from multiple viewpoints. The head was sectioned in the midsagittal plane and photographed with scale to show the morphology of the remnant pituitary gland. Consistent dissections, photographs, and measurements were performed on another cadaver with typical pituitary anatomy for side-by-side comparison. Histological analysis was performed on the compressed pituitary gland and examined via light microscopy.
Results
Gross examination of this empty sella case revealed a characteristic complete PES due to herniation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through a collapsed diaphragma sellae. Despite the significant compression and reduction of pituitary gland volume, its tissue organization and cell characteristics remained proportionally consistent with typical pituitary tissue. The cadaver's age (90+ years) and sex (male) made for unique and valuable clinical discussion.
Conclusions
The present case offers a thorough analysis of an empty sella case, uniquely including gross anatomy photos, histological examination, and a thorough review of clinical implications regarding the rarity of a complete PES in an advanced-aged male individual. This report serves to provide important clinical insights to anatomists, neurologists, endocrinologists, and medical educators about empty sella clinical implications.
{"title":"Cadaveric case analysis of primary empty sella with clinical literature review of empty sella syndrome","authors":"Jessica L. Hensley, Ryan Prohofsky, Ethan L. Snow","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>An empty sella anatomical finding is characterized by the pituitary gland (hypophysis) being flattened against the wall of the sella turcica (hypophyseal fossa). Many neurologic and endocrinologic symptoms can ensue from pituitary gland deformity, resulting in empty sella syndrome (ESS) which is often diagnosed via computed tomography that showing the apparent “empty sella.” Gross cadaveric imaging and histological analysis of empty sella findings are scarcely reported in the literature but may help understand the condition. The objective of this study is to investigate a cadaveric case of complete primary empty sella (PES) with gross imaging, histological analysis, and a comprehensive clinical review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An empty sella finding was discovered during routine dissection of the basicranium in an elderly male human cadaver obtained from an ethically approved body donor program. The case was photographed in situ from multiple viewpoints. The head was sectioned in the midsagittal plane and photographed with scale to show the morphology of the remnant pituitary gland. Consistent dissections, photographs, and measurements were performed on another cadaver with typical pituitary anatomy for side-by-side comparison. Histological analysis was performed on the compressed pituitary gland and examined via light microscopy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Gross examination of this empty sella case revealed a characteristic complete PES due to herniation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through a collapsed diaphragma sellae. Despite the significant compression and reduction of pituitary gland volume, its tissue organization and cell characteristics remained proportionally consistent with typical pituitary tissue. The cadaver's age (90+ years) and sex (male) made for unique and valuable clinical discussion.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The present case offers a thorough analysis of an empty sella case, uniquely including gross anatomy photos, histological examination, and a thorough review of clinical implications regarding the rarity of a complete PES in an advanced-aged male individual. This report serves to provide important clinical insights to anatomists, neurologists, endocrinologists, and medical educators about empty sella clinical implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sexual dimorphism in human skeletal remains is crucial for forensic identification and archaeological studies. This study develops and validates sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population.
Materials and methods
The study examined 600 ulnae (300 male, 300 female) from the Khon Kaen University skeletal collection, using 400 for equation development and 200 for independent validation. Maximum length, midshaft circumference, weight, and the weight-to-length ratio were assessed.
Results
Significant differences between sexes were found across all variables. Weight demonstrated the highest single-variable accuracy (88.50 %), while combining circumference and weight achieved 90.80 % accuracy. Validation confirmed equation stability, with no significant difference between the training and validation groups (90.75 % vs. 90.50 %, p = 0.77). The equations showed excellent discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.959), high specificity for female identification (95.00 %), and good sensitivity for male identification (86.00 %). The positive likelihood ratio of 17.20 further confirmed the robustness of the method.
Conclusion
This research contributes to forensic anthropology by validating accurate sex estimation methods for the northeastern Thai population while demonstrating the effectiveness of bone weight as a sex determination variable.
{"title":"Independent validation of sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population","authors":"Phongpitak Putiwat , Kaemisa Srisen , Phetcharat Phetnui , Juthamas Kamwong , Suthat Duangchit , Supatcharee Arun , Sitthichai Iamsaard , Worrawit Boonthai , Chanasorn Poodendaen","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sexual dimorphism in human skeletal remains is crucial for forensic identification and archaeological studies. This study develops and validates sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The study examined 600 ulnae (300 male, 300 female) from the Khon Kaen University skeletal collection, using 400 for equation development and 200 for independent validation. Maximum length, midshaft circumference, weight, and the weight-to-length ratio were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant differences between sexes were found across all variables. Weight demonstrated the highest single-variable accuracy (88.50 %), while combining circumference and weight achieved 90.80 % accuracy. Validation confirmed equation stability, with no significant difference between the training and validation groups (90.75 % vs. 90.50 %, p = 0.77). The equations showed excellent discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.959), high specificity for female identification (95.00 %), and good sensitivity for male identification (86.00 %). The positive likelihood ratio of 17.20 further confirmed the robustness of the method.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This research contributes to forensic anthropology by validating accurate sex estimation methods for the northeastern Thai population while demonstrating the effectiveness of bone weight as a sex determination variable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum to “An anatomical study on the variations and clinical significance of the corona mortis within a South African sample” [Transl. Res. Anat. 35C (2024) 100297]","authors":"Jade Naicker , Zithulele Nkosinathi Tshabalala , Andries Masenge , Obakeng Modisane , Steven Matshidza , Nkhensani Mogale","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100315","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-19DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100424
Baylea N. Davenport , Rebecca L. Wilson , Alyssa A. Williams , Jaimi A. Gray , Edward L. Stanley , Helen N. Jones
Background
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is most commonly due to placental insufficiency. There are currently no treatments for placental insufficiency or FGR, and the only intervention is iatrogenic pre-term delivery. We have previously shown efficacy of repeated placental nanoparticle-mediated insulin-like 1 growth factor (IGF1) treatment in improving placental efficiency (increased fetal-placental weight ratio) and correcting fetal growth in a maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) guinea pig model of FGR. We hypothesize placenta structural changes (reduced exchange area, altered vascular structure) that we and others have previously shown in the FGR/MNR placenta which lead to deficits in placental function are mitigated by our repeated nanoparticle-mediated hIGF1 treatment.
Methods
Here we investigate the structural remodeling of the placenta in a maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) guinea pig model following 3 repeated intraplacental injections of nanoparticle-mediated hIGF1 that may underpin the published improvements in placental efficiency and fetal growth. Using immunohistochemistry and Dice-CT we investigated the micro- and macrovasculature changes of the placenta structure to identify changes in FGR and treatment.
Results
Sham-treated MNR placentas displayed disorganized microvasculature labyrinthine exchange areas with a reduction in placental capillary number and an increase in the volume of the placenta macrovasculature. Repeated nanoparticle-mediated hIGF1 treatment, however, resulted in an improved exchange area with normalized placental capillary number and macrovasculature volume.
Conclusions
This data demonstrates repeated nanoparticle-mediated hIGF1 delivery corrects aberrant placenta structure during FGR and placental insufficiency likely leading to improved gas exchange and transfer of nutrients to the fetus restoring fetal growth.
{"title":"Aberrant placental structure is corrected with repeated nanoparticle-mediated IGF1 treatments in a Guinea pig model of fetal growth restriction","authors":"Baylea N. Davenport , Rebecca L. Wilson , Alyssa A. Williams , Jaimi A. Gray , Edward L. Stanley , Helen N. Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is most commonly due to placental insufficiency. There are currently no treatments for placental insufficiency or FGR, and the only intervention is iatrogenic pre-term delivery. We have previously shown efficacy of repeated placental nanoparticle-mediated <em>insulin-like 1 growth factor</em> (<em>IGF1</em>) treatment in improving placental efficiency (increased fetal-placental weight ratio) and correcting fetal growth in a maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) guinea pig model of FGR. We hypothesize placenta structural changes (reduced exchange area, altered vascular structure) that we and others have previously shown in the FGR/MNR placenta which lead to deficits in placental function are mitigated by our repeated nanoparticle-mediated <em>hIGF1</em> treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Here we investigate the structural remodeling of the placenta in a maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) guinea pig model following 3 repeated intraplacental injections of nanoparticle-mediated <em>hIGF1</em> that may underpin the published improvements in placental efficiency and fetal growth. Using immunohistochemistry and Dice-CT we investigated the micro- and macrovasculature changes of the placenta structure to identify changes in FGR and treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sham-treated MNR placentas displayed disorganized microvasculature labyrinthine exchange areas with a reduction in placental capillary number and an increase in the volume of the placenta macrovasculature. Repeated nanoparticle-mediated <em>hIGF1</em> treatment, however, resulted in an improved exchange area with normalized placental capillary number and macrovasculature volume.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This data demonstrates repeated nanoparticle-mediated <em>hIGF1</em> delivery corrects aberrant placenta structure during FGR and placental insufficiency likely leading to improved gas exchange and transfer of nutrients to the fetus restoring fetal growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The distal end of the humerus features three fossae—radial, coronoid, and olecranon—that accommodate the processes of the forearm bones during elbow movements. Variations in their morphology and morphometry can influence joint biomechanics, fracture fixation, and prosthesis design. However, comprehensive data on all three fossae in South Indian dry humeri remain limited. This study aims to fill this gap by providing clinically relevant morphometric insights.
Methodology
A total of 120 adult dry humeri (60 right, 60 left) of unknown age and sex were analyzed. Standardized photographs were evaluated using ImageJ software. Sixteen parameters—including the length, width, and circumference of each fossa—were measured. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and t-tests.
Results
The left humerus was significantly longer (mean difference 1.96 cm) and had a greater distal width (mean difference 0.58 cm) than the right. The coronoid fossa was longer (mean difference 0.13 cm) and had a greater circumference on the right (mean difference 0.23 cm), while the radial and olecranon fossae were larger on left. Morphological analysis identified five olecranon fossa types, with oval being most common (44 %). The coronoid and radial fossae were predominantly triangular. No significant correlation was observed between humeral length or width and fossa circumference. The supratrochlear foramen, an anatomical variation which was found in 28.3 % of bones.
Conclusion
These findings have important implications for orthopedic surgery, such as intramedullary fixations, prosthetic design for elbow reconstruction, and forensic anthropology.
{"title":"Anatomical and clinical perspectives on the distal humeral fossae: A study in South Indian dry bones","authors":"Nandini Prashanth Bhat , Ashwija Shetty , Kurian Alapatt , Nom Kumar Naik Bhukya , Sushma Prabhath , Suhani Sumalatha","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The distal end of the humerus features three fossae—radial, coronoid, and olecranon—that accommodate the processes of the forearm bones during elbow movements. Variations in their morphology and morphometry can influence joint biomechanics, fracture fixation, and prosthesis design. However, comprehensive data on all three fossae in South Indian dry humeri remain limited. This study aims to fill this gap by providing clinically relevant morphometric insights.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A total of 120 adult dry humeri (60 right, 60 left) of unknown age and sex were analyzed. Standardized photographs were evaluated using ImageJ software. Sixteen parameters—including the length, width, and circumference of each fossa—were measured. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and t-tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The left humerus was significantly longer (mean difference 1.96 cm) and had a greater distal width (mean difference 0.58 cm) than the right. The coronoid fossa was longer (mean difference 0.13 cm) and had a greater circumference on the right (mean difference 0.23 cm), while the radial and olecranon fossae were larger on left. Morphological analysis identified five olecranon fossa types, with oval being most common (44 %). The coronoid and radial fossae were predominantly triangular. No significant correlation was observed between humeral length or width and fossa circumference. The supratrochlear foramen, an anatomical variation which was found in 28.3 % of bones.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings have important implications for orthopedic surgery, such as intramedullary fixations, prosthetic design for elbow reconstruction, and forensic anthropology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号