Translational Research in Anatomy最新文献_第6页

Circle of Willis variations and features in an American Midwestern cadaver population 美国中西部尸体人群的威利斯圈变异和特征

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100407

Swathi Sridhar , Farida Mehrhoff , Dominic Maiuro , Chloe Maye , Cameron Smith , Phil Sheridan , Robert Hillard

Background

The Circle of Willis (CoW) is a critical cerebral arterial network. This study investigates CoW variants in a Midwestern U.S. cadaveric population.

Methods

The CoWs of 25 formalin-fixed human cadavers were evaluated with vessel measurements obtained through ImageJ software. Variations were classified per a previously published system with R Studio statistical analysis, including comparisons by sex and body mass index (BMI).

Results

A typical CoW configuration was identified in 2 of 25 specimens (8 %), with the remaining 92 % demonstrating anatomical variants. The most common variations were unilateral hypoplasia (38.3 %), bilateral hypoplasia (21.3 %), and duplications (12.8 %). Variations most commonly involved the posterior communicating artery (73.9 %; PComA; especially PComA hypoplasia), the anterior communicating artery (60.9 %; AComA), and the anterior cerebral artery (52.2 %). Rare anatomical variants included quadruplication of the A2 segment, fetal-type PComA, and AComA aplasia.

Males exhibited significantly greater vessel diameters and lengths across most segments, except for PComA diameter, which was larger in females (p < 0.05). Non-overweight body mass index (BMI < 25) correlated positively with the diameter of the extra triplicated A2, and increased BMI ( ≥ 25) showed a significant increase in the right A1 ACA diameter (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in arterial lengths.

Conclusions

This study highlights the high prevalence of CoW anatomical variations in the Midwestern population, including several distinctive variants, adding to the literature. Significant differences based on sex and BMI were identified, suggesting potential implications for neurosurgical and vascular surgery considerations. Further research with additional cohorts is necessary to validate and expand upon these observations.

威利斯圈（CoW）是一个重要的脑动脉网络。本研究调查了美国中西部尸体人群中的奶牛变异。方法采用ImageJ软件对25具经福尔马林固定的人尸体进行血管测量。根据先前发布的R Studio统计分析系统对差异进行分类，包括性别和体重指数（BMI）的比较。结果25例标本中有2例（8%）鉴定出典型的奶牛构型，其余92%显示解剖变异。最常见的变异是单侧发育不全（38.3%）、双侧发育不全（21.3%）和重复（12.8%）。变异最常累及后交通动脉(73.9%；PComA;尤其是PComA发育不全)，前交通动脉(60.9%；AComA)和大脑前动脉（52.2%）。罕见的解剖变异包括A2节段的四倍，胎儿型PComA和AComA发育不全。男性在大多数节段的血管直径和长度都明显更大，但PComA直径在女性中更大(p <；0.05)。非超重体重指数(BMI <；25)与额外三倍A2直径呈正相关，BMI≥25的增加显示右侧A1 ACA直径显著增加(p <；0.05)。动脉长度差异无统计学意义。本研究强调了中西部人群中奶牛解剖变异的高发性，包括几种不同的变异，为文献提供了补充。基于性别和BMI的显著差异被确定，提示神经外科和血管外科考虑的潜在影响。进一步的研究需要更多的队列来验证和扩展这些观察结果。

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引用次数: 0

An analytical study of the greater palatine foramen in adult human skulls using anatomical planes for clinical considerations 用解剖平面分析成人颅骨腭大孔的临床意义

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-05-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100406

Naveen Kumar , Ravi Bhaskar , Anjana Shidaraddi , Melissa Glenda Lewis , Swamy Ravindra Shanthakumar , Ashwini P. Aithal

Background

The greater palatine nerve, a branch of the maxillary nerve, enters the oral cavity through the greater palatine foramen (GPF). Accurate localization of the GPF is essential while negotiating the greater palatine canal to block the maxillary nerve within the pterygopalatine fossa.

Objective

This study aimed to elucidate the shape, orientation, and position of the greater palatine foramen in relation to the surgically encountered anatomical landmarks and maxillary molars in an adult Indian population.

Methods

The study was conducted on 80 human adult skulls of unknown gender. Both sides of the hard palate were assessed, and the number of GPF was recorded by direct visual inspection. Morphometric measurements were recorded with regard to the topographic relation of GPF with the neighbouring bony landmarks. The data were analysed using an independent sample t-test and Spearman rank correlation to check the relationships between the measurements.

Results

The average distance from the incisive fossa to the posterior nasal spine was 40.68 mm. The distance between GPF and incisive fossa was 40.68 and 36.32 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The distance between GPF and lesser palatine foramen was 2.99 and 2.81 mm on the right and left sides, respectively.

Conclusion

The present study provides additional metrical values that help locate the GPF accurately. The data presented here will also provide an index for future studies and help with various invasive procedures in the field of dentistry.

背景：腭大神经是上颌神经的一个分支，通过腭大孔进入口腔。当通过腭大管阻断翼腭窝内的上颌神经时，GPF的准确定位至关重要。目的探讨印度成年人群中腭大孔的形状、方向和位置与外科解剖标志和上颌磨牙的关系。方法对80个性别不详的成人颅骨进行研究。评估双侧硬腭，直接目测记录GPF数。形态学测量记录了GPF与邻近骨骼地标的地形关系。数据分析使用独立样本t检验和Spearman秩相关来检查测量之间的关系。结果鼻尖窝距鼻后棘的平均距离为40.68 mm。GPF与左、右侧锐窝的距离分别为40.68 mm和36.32 mm。GPF与腭小孔的左右距离分别为2.99 mm和2.81 mm。结论本研究提供了额外的测量值，有助于准确定位GPF。本文所提供的数据也将为未来的研究提供一个索引，并对牙科领域的各种侵入性手术提供帮助。

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引用次数: 0

Editorial - The role of the clinical anatomy in improving the quality of the modern surgery 社论-临床解剖学在提高现代外科手术质量中的作用

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100403

Przemysław A. Pękala, Jerzy A. Walocha

引用次数: 0

Independent validation of sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population 在泰国东北部人群中使用尺骨尺寸和体重的性别估计方程的独立验证

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100405

Phongpitak Putiwat , Kaemisa Srisen , Phetcharat Phetnui , Juthamas Kamwong , Suthat Duangchit , Supatcharee Arun , Sitthichai Iamsaard , Worrawit Boonthai , Chanasorn Poodendaen

Background

Sexual dimorphism in human skeletal remains is crucial for forensic identification and archaeological studies. This study develops and validates sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population.

Materials and methods

The study examined 600 ulnae (300 male, 300 female) from the Khon Kaen University skeletal collection, using 400 for equation development and 200 for independent validation. Maximum length, midshaft circumference, weight, and the weight-to-length ratio were assessed.

Results

Significant differences between sexes were found across all variables. Weight demonstrated the highest single-variable accuracy (88.50 %), while combining circumference and weight achieved 90.80 % accuracy. Validation confirmed equation stability, with no significant difference between the training and validation groups (90.75 % vs. 90.50 %, p = 0.77). The equations showed excellent discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.959), high specificity for female identification (95.00 %), and good sensitivity for male identification (86.00 %). The positive likelihood ratio of 17.20 further confirmed the robustness of the method.

Conclusion

This research contributes to forensic anthropology by validating accurate sex estimation methods for the northeastern Thai population while demonstrating the effectiveness of bone weight as a sex determination variable.

人类骨骼遗骸的两性二态性对法医鉴定和考古研究至关重要。本研究开发并验证了泰国东北部人口中使用尺骨尺寸和体重的性别估计方程。材料和方法该研究检查了孔敬大学骨骼收集的600个尺骨（300个男性，300个女性），其中400个用于方程开发，200个用于独立验证。评估最大长度、中轴周长、体重和体重长度比。结果所有变量均存在显著的性别差异。体重的单变量精度最高（88.50%），而周长和体重的结合精度达到90.80%。验证证实了方程的稳定性，训练组和验证组之间无显著差异（90.75%比90.50%,p = 0.77）。该方程鉴别能力强（AUC = 0.959），鉴别女性特异性高（95.00%），鉴别男性敏感性好（86.00%）。17.20的正似然比进一步证实了方法的稳健性。本研究通过验证泰国东北部人口的准确性别估计方法，同时证明了骨量作为性别决定变量的有效性，为法医人类学做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

The potential translational utility of embalmed cadaveric gastrointestinal tract specimens: a proof-of-concept study 尸体胃肠道标本防腐处理的潜在转化效用：一项概念验证研究

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100404

Marcello Trucas , Michela Vincis , Claudio Intini , Daniel Johnston , Andrea Diana , Denis Barry

Background

in recent decades, fewer autopsies are performed, often replaced by radiological imaging, resulting in abundant imaging data but few complete anatomical examinations. While most surgical specimens are limited to the disease-affected region. Examining the entire gastrointestinal system of anatomical donors and histologically analysing them could enhance research and valorise donation programs, extending medical knowledge. One factor limiting the preservation of the digestive tract in cadavers is the post-mortem interval. Embalming is one of the most widely used methods to preserve donors, but the post-mortem interval affects the gastrointestinal tract in a stable and time-dependent manner, making its histological examination a challenge.

Material and methods

this proof-of-concept study assesses the histological potential of gastrointestinal tissues from embalmed bodies used for anatomical education. Digestive tissues from four donors (two embalmed after 12 h, two after 72 h postmortem) were histologically processed. A scoring system evaluated histological preservation by assessing seven parameters.

Results

analysis showed high-quality preservation of embalmed tissues, including intestinal villi, the aorta, and liver sinusoids, highlighting both normal and pathological architecture, such as atherosclerosis, liver fibrosis, and lymphocyte infiltration. Features were identifiable with excellent histological detail in both the 12-h and 72-h post-mortem interval groups. Although this is a proof-of-concept study, only a slight difference was found between the two groups, with significant differences only in epithelium and vessel characteristics.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that donors’ digestive tissues could be suitable for detailed analyses and insights into chronic diseases and ageing, even in cadavers with a long post-mortem interval.

近几十年来，很少进行尸检，通常被放射成像所取代，导致大量的成像数据，但很少有完整的解剖检查。而大多数手术标本仅限于受疾病影响的区域。对解剖供体的整个胃肠道系统进行检查和组织学分析，可以加强研究，促进捐赠计划，扩展医学知识。限制尸体消化道保存的一个因素是死后的时间间隔。尸体防腐是最广泛使用的保存捐赠者的方法之一，但死后对胃肠道的影响是稳定的和时间依赖性的，这使得其组织学检查成为一个挑战。材料和方法本概念验证性研究评估了用于解剖学教育的防腐尸体胃肠道组织的组织学潜力。对4个供体的消化组织进行组织学处理（2个在死后12小时防腐处理，2个在死后72小时防腐处理）。评分系统通过评估七个参数来评估组织学保存。结果分析显示，高质量保存的防腐组织，包括肠绒毛、主动脉和肝窦，突出了正常和病理结构，如动脉粥样硬化、肝纤维化和淋巴细胞浸润。在死后12小时和72小时的时间间隔组中，这些特征都具有良好的组织学细节。虽然这是一项概念验证性研究，但两组之间仅发现轻微差异，仅在上皮和血管特征上存在显著差异。结论：这项研究表明，捐赠者的消化组织可以适用于对慢性疾病和衰老的详细分析和洞察，即使是在死后很长时间的尸体上。

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引用次数: 0

Microscopic analysis of a primo vessel within a lymphatic vessel in a Sprague-Dawley rat Sprague-Dawley大鼠淋巴管内第一血管的显微分析

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-04-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100402

Felix Scholkmann , Yiming Shen , Pan-Dong Ryu

Background

Numerous studies have documented the existence of an additional vascular system in mammals: the primo vascular system (PVS), consisting of primo vessels (PVs) and primo nodes.

Methods

The PVS was investigated in five Sprague-Dawley rats. The dye Alcian blue was injected into the lymph node near the lumbar spine (lumbar lymph node) in one rat to stain the lymphatic tissue to determine whether the lymphatic vessels (LVs) contained PVs.

Results

A PV (diameter: ∼30–50 μm) inside a LV (diameter: ∼120–200 μm) was identified near the inferior vena cava. Microscopy images of this specimen are shown in this report and analysed. A reference is given to a detailed guide on how to find, extract and analyse the PVs within the LVs of rats.

Conclusions

The case report documents a PV inside an LV and shows that LVs can contain a secondary vessel that could be identified as a PV and part of the PVS.

大量研究已经证明哺乳动物存在一个额外的血管系统：原始血管系统（primo vascular system， PVS），由原始血管（primo vessel, pv）和原始淋巴结组成。方法对5只sd大鼠进行PVS观察。将阿利新蓝染色剂注射到一只大鼠腰椎附近的淋巴结（腰椎淋巴结），对淋巴组织进行染色，以确定淋巴管（lv）中是否含有pv。结果在下腔静脉附近发现了直径约为120 ~ 200 μm的LV内的sa PV（直径约为30 ~ 50 μm）。本报告显示了该标本的显微镜图像并进行了分析。本文给出了如何在大鼠LVs中找到、提取和分析pv的详细指南。该病例报告记录了左室内的PV，并表明左室可包含可识别为PV和PVS一部分的第二血管。

引用次数: 0

Anatomical characterization of oblique popliteal ligament and its clinical significance on knee joint stability 斜腘韧带的解剖特征及其对膝关节稳定性的临床意义

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100400

Mamatha Hosapatna , Shreya Saha , Muralimanju B V , Soumyalatha Naveen , Rohini Punja

Background

The oblique popliteal ligament (OPL) plays a crucial role in knee stability, yet its anatomical variations are not fully understood. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive morphometric and morphological analysis of the OPL in the South Indian population.

Methods

Twenty cadaveric knee specimens were dissected and examined. The length and width of the OPL were measured using digital calipers. Morphological characteristics, including shape and attachment patterns, were observed and classified.

Results

The mean length of the OPL was 28.9 ± 3.7 mm, with a width of 17.5 ± 4.3 mm at the origin and 18.3 ± 4.4 mm at the midpoint. Three main types of OPL were identified: Type 1 (45 %) with an accessory upper band, Type 2 (30 %) with a broad medial attachment, and Type 4 (25 %) with a fan-like appearance. Five shape variations were observed: band shape (30 %), trident shape (25 %), complex shape (20 %), Z-shape (15 %), and Y-shape (10 %).

Conclusion

This study reveals significant variability in OPL morphology and dimensions. These findings have important implications for understanding knee biomechanics, improving surgical techniques, and enhancing the interpretation of imaging studies of the posterior knee.

斜腘韧带（OPL）在膝关节稳定性中起着至关重要的作用，但其解剖学变异尚不完全清楚。本研究的目的是提供一个全面的形态计量学和形态分析的OPL在南印度人口。方法对20例尸体膝关节标本进行解剖检查。使用数字卡尺测量OPL的长度和宽度。形态学特征，包括形状和附着模式，被观察和分类。结果OPL平均长度为28.9±3.7 mm，起点宽度为17.5±4.3 mm，中点宽度为18.3±4.4 mm。确定了三种主要的OPL类型：1型（45%）伴有副上带，2型（30%）伴有宽内侧附着，4型（25%）伴有扇形外观。观察到五种形状变化：带状形状（30%），三叉戟形状（25%），复杂形状（20%），z形（15%）和y形（10%）。结论本研究揭示了OPL形态和尺寸的显著差异。这些发现对于理解膝关节生物力学、改进手术技术和加强对膝关节后侧影像学研究的解释具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Techniques of skull opening and brain extraction: Contemporary approaches and technical considerations 开颅和脑提取技术：当代方法和技术考虑

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100401

Andrzej Żytkowski , Jakub Dębski , Stanisław Orkisz

Background

Skull dissection and brain removal for dissection remain key steps in neuroanatomical procedures, both in anatomical education and scientific research. A technically correct skull opening and dissection determines the ability to explore the structures of the central nervous system further. It allows for preserving skull base topography for educational or scientific purposes.

Aim

This article compares selected skull opening techniques applied in anatomical and neuroanatomical practice. The paper also highlights technical modifications and offers technical suggestions for skull dissection in teaching and research.

Conclusions

Classical skull opening techniques, such as calvarial cap removal and median bisection, remain fundamental in anatomical dissection. Their modifications allow for enhanced visualization of intracranial structures and better preservation of cranial nerves. These approaches support both educational and technical goals in neuroanatomical training.

背景无论是在解剖学教育还是科学研究中，颅骨解剖和脑切除仍然是神经解剖学过程中的关键步骤。技术上正确的颅骨打开和解剖决定了进一步探索中枢神经系统结构的能力。它允许保存颅底地形用于教育或科学目的。目的比较在解剖学和神经解剖学实践中所选择的颅骨打开技术。并对颅骨解剖在教学和研究中的技术改进提出了技术建议。结论经典的颅骨开放技术，如去颅帽和正中切分术，仍然是解剖解剖的基础。他们的修改允许增强颅内结构的可视化和更好地保存脑神经。这些方法支持神经解剖学训练的教育和技术目标。

引用次数: 0

Cervical spine pneumatocysts in cone beam CT scan volumes: Looking beyond the Jaws 锥束CT扫描体积上的颈椎气囊肿：超越颌骨

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100398

Nandita Shenoy, Aishwarya Nair, Junaid Ahmed, Nanditha Sujir

Background

Pneumatocysts are benign lesions often detected by accident during full-FOV CBCT imaging. They appear as tiny, well-circumscribed, radiolucent lesions with a sclerotic rim. Dentists are likely to view this lesion on CBCT scans because of the growing use of this imaging modality in dentistry to assess maxillofacial structures. Identifying the pathognomonic characteristics of this benign, innocuous lesion is critical to prevent pointless studies and patient alarm.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pneumatocysts in the cervical spine and correlate it with age and sex.

Methodology

Large field-of-view computed tomography (CBCT) volumes in the radiology archives (338 total scans) were screened for vertebral pneumatocysts. When observing pneumatocysts on the scan, the number of pneumatocysts and the vertebra in which they were present were noted.

Results

Among the 338 patients, eight had pneumatocysts. We found no sex correlation but a definite correlation with age; the prevalence of pneumatocysts also increased as age increased.

Conclusion

Pneumatocysts in the cervical spine are rare. In our eight cases, these intravertebral pneumatocysts were discovered as unintentional findings on CBCT scans performed for dentomaxillofacial diagnostic purposes. To our knowledge, few studies have investigated these lesions via CBCT.

背景气囊是一种良性病变，经常在全视野 CBCT 成像中意外发现。它们表现为微小、圆形、放射状的病变，边缘硬化。牙医很可能在 CBCT 扫描中发现这种病变，因为牙科越来越多地使用这种成像模式来评估颌面部结构。本研究旨在确定气囊在颈椎中的发病率，并将其与年龄和性别联系起来。方法对放射科档案中的大视场计算机断层扫描（CBCT）卷（共 338 次扫描）进行椎体气囊筛查。结果在 338 例患者中，有 8 例患有椎体气囊。结论颈椎气囊非常罕见。在我们的 8 个病例中，这些椎管内气囊是在为牙颌面诊断目的进行 CBCT 扫描时无意中发现的。据我们所知，很少有研究通过 CBCT 对这些病变进行调查。

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引用次数: 0

Morphological and morphometric analysis of the inferior alveolar canal and mental foramen in black South Africans: A panoramic radiographic study 南非黑人下牙槽管和颏孔的形态学和形态计量学分析：一项全景放射学研究

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100399

Ikeoluwa A. Oluwafemi , Nicolene Jooste , Pamela Pillay , Sundika Ishwarkumar-Govender

Background and objectives

Variations in the route followed by the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) and the position of the mental foramen (MF) could impact the placement of the neurovascular bundle, a vital consideration during mandibular surgeries. This study was conducted to investigate the morphology and the morphometry of the IAC and the position of the MF as seen on panoramic radiographs in a South African population.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 digital panoramic radiographs. The morphology, i.e., the anteroposterior course, the vertical and horizontal position, and the morphometric parameters of the IAC were obtained and analyzed. The mental foramen position was categorized and analyzed.

Results

Elliptic arc canals were the most frequently observed (55.00 %) anteroposterior course (APC) of the IAC. The intermediate position was the most common vertical position (48.30 %) of the IAC. The commonest horizontal relation of the IAC was type 1 (45.50 %), with a statistically significant difference between the right and left sides of the mandible. Many of the MF (50.00 %) were located at Position 4, with a statistically significant difference between the ages of 15–19 and 40–50. The mean measurement of the IAC decreased from the first molar to the third molar, with statistically significant differences between sexes and across age groups. The average diameter of the IAC was about 3–4 mm and was relatively constant.

Conclusion

As seen in other populations, most Black South Africans had a favorable APC of the IAC for rehabilitative purposes. Considering the vertical position, most of the canals (51.7 %) were in the high-risk zone (high and low canals), and females had a higher frequency of high canals. Clinicians should expect to find the MF symmetrically in line with the root tip of the second premolars: however, the position of the MF moves posteriorly with advancing age.

背景与目的下颌下牙槽管（IAC）路径和颏孔（MF）位置的变化可能影响神经血管束的放置，这是下颌手术中一个重要的考虑因素。本研究旨在调查南非人群在全景x线片上IAC的形态学和形态测量学以及MF的位置。方法对200张数字全景x线片进行回顾性横断面研究。获得并分析了IAC的前后走向、垂直和水平位置以及形态计量学参数。对颏孔位置进行分类分析。结果在IAC的正反道（APC）中最常见的是椭圆型弧形管（55.00%）。中间位是IAC最常见的垂直位（48.30%）。IAC最常见的水平相关性为1型（45.50%），左右两侧下颌骨间差异有统计学意义。大部分MF位于4位（50.00%），15-19岁和40-50岁之间差异有统计学意义。IAC的平均测量值从第一磨牙下降到第三磨牙，在性别和年龄组之间有统计学上的显著差异。IAC的平均直径约为3-4 mm，相对恒定。结论与其他人群一样，大多数南非黑人具有良好的IAC康复APC。从垂直位置看，大部分根管（51.7%）位于高危区（高、低根管），女性根管发生率较高。临床医生应该期望发现MF与第二前磨牙的根尖对称：然而，随着年龄的增长，MF的位置会向后移动。

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引用次数: 0