Pub Date : 2025-06-07DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100408
Buthainah A. Al Azman , Bushra A. Al-Ghamdi , Wedad S. Al Muhaish , Wejdan H. Al Hakami , Reem K. Al Khaldi , Hayat A. Al Otaibi , Bhagath Kumar Potu , Abdel Halim Salem
Background
Palmaris longus (PL) muscle is one of the most variable muscles in the human body. Racial differences in its variation are well known. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of absence of the PL and its association with gender and side in the population of eastern province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Methods
The presence of PL was clinically determined in 200 Saudi subjects using Schaeffer's test. Three other tests (Thompson, Pushpakumar and Mishra tests) were performed to confirm the result in subjects with an absent PL.
Results
The overall prevalence of absence of PL in the eastern province population of the Saudi Arabia was 24 %. The prevalence of right, left, and bilateral absence of the PL were: 2 %, 4.5 %, and 17.5 %, respectively. There was no significant difference in PL absence with regard to the gender and side.
Conclusions
The prevalence of PL absence in the eastern province population of the Saudi Arabia represents more or less similar patterns reported in Arab and Pan Arab populations, but it was higher than those reported from East and West Asian populations as evident from our extensive literature review.
{"title":"Prevalence of the absence of palmaris longus muscle tendon in the population of the eastern province of Saudi Arabia","authors":"Buthainah A. Al Azman , Bushra A. Al-Ghamdi , Wedad S. Al Muhaish , Wejdan H. Al Hakami , Reem K. Al Khaldi , Hayat A. Al Otaibi , Bhagath Kumar Potu , Abdel Halim Salem","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Palmaris longus (PL) muscle is one of the most variable muscles in the human body. Racial differences in its variation are well known. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of absence of the PL and its association with gender and side in the population of eastern province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The presence of PL was clinically determined in 200 Saudi subjects using Schaeffer's test. Three other tests (Thompson, Pushpakumar and Mishra tests) were performed to confirm the result in subjects with an absent PL.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall prevalence of absence of PL in the eastern province population of the Saudi Arabia was 24 %. The prevalence of right, left, and bilateral absence of the PL were: 2 %, 4.5 %, and 17.5 %, respectively. There was no significant difference in PL absence with regard to the gender and side.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The prevalence of PL absence in the eastern province population of the Saudi Arabia represents more or less similar patterns reported in Arab and Pan Arab populations, but it was higher than those reported from East and West Asian populations as evident from our extensive literature review.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-05DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100407
Swathi Sridhar , Farida Mehrhoff , Dominic Maiuro , Chloe Maye , Cameron Smith , Phil Sheridan , Robert Hillard
Background
The Circle of Willis (CoW) is a critical cerebral arterial network. This study investigates CoW variants in a Midwestern U.S. cadaveric population.
Methods
The CoWs of 25 formalin-fixed human cadavers were evaluated with vessel measurements obtained through ImageJ software. Variations were classified per a previously published system with R Studio statistical analysis, including comparisons by sex and body mass index (BMI).
Results
A typical CoW configuration was identified in 2 of 25 specimens (8 %), with the remaining 92 % demonstrating anatomical variants. The most common variations were unilateral hypoplasia (38.3 %), bilateral hypoplasia (21.3 %), and duplications (12.8 %). Variations most commonly involved the posterior communicating artery (73.9 %; PComA; especially PComA hypoplasia), the anterior communicating artery (60.9 %; AComA), and the anterior cerebral artery (52.2 %). Rare anatomical variants included quadruplication of the A2 segment, fetal-type PComA, and AComA aplasia.
Males exhibited significantly greater vessel diameters and lengths across most segments, except for PComA diameter, which was larger in females (p < 0.05). Non-overweight body mass index (BMI < 25) correlated positively with the diameter of the extra triplicated A2, and increased BMI ( ≥ 25) showed a significant increase in the right A1 ACA diameter (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in arterial lengths.
Conclusions
This study highlights the high prevalence of CoW anatomical variations in the Midwestern population, including several distinctive variants, adding to the literature. Significant differences based on sex and BMI were identified, suggesting potential implications for neurosurgical and vascular surgery considerations. Further research with additional cohorts is necessary to validate and expand upon these observations.
{"title":"Circle of Willis variations and features in an American Midwestern cadaver population","authors":"Swathi Sridhar , Farida Mehrhoff , Dominic Maiuro , Chloe Maye , Cameron Smith , Phil Sheridan , Robert Hillard","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Circle of Willis (CoW) is a critical cerebral arterial network. This study investigates CoW variants in a Midwestern U.S. cadaveric population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The CoWs of 25 formalin-fixed human cadavers were evaluated with vessel measurements obtained through ImageJ software. Variations were classified per a previously published system with R Studio statistical analysis, including comparisons by sex and body mass index (BMI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A typical CoW configuration was identified in 2 of 25 specimens (8 %), with the remaining 92 % demonstrating anatomical variants. The most common variations were unilateral hypoplasia (38.3 %), bilateral hypoplasia (21.3 %), and duplications (12.8 %). Variations most commonly involved the posterior communicating artery (73.9 %; PComA; especially PComA hypoplasia), the anterior communicating artery (60.9 %; AComA), and the anterior cerebral artery (52.2 %). Rare anatomical variants included quadruplication of the A2 segment, fetal-type PComA, and AComA aplasia.</div><div>Males exhibited significantly greater vessel diameters and lengths across most segments, except for PComA diameter, which was larger in females (p < 0.05). Non-overweight body mass index (BMI < 25) correlated positively with the diameter of the extra triplicated A2, and increased BMI ( ≥ 25) showed a significant increase in the right A1 ACA diameter (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in arterial lengths.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the high prevalence of CoW anatomical variations in the Midwestern population, including several distinctive variants, adding to the literature. Significant differences based on sex and BMI were identified, suggesting potential implications for neurosurgical and vascular surgery considerations. Further research with additional cohorts is necessary to validate and expand upon these observations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-25DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100406
Naveen Kumar , Ravi Bhaskar , Anjana Shidaraddi , Melissa Glenda Lewis , Swamy Ravindra Shanthakumar , Ashwini P. Aithal
Background
The greater palatine nerve, a branch of the maxillary nerve, enters the oral cavity through the greater palatine foramen (GPF). Accurate localization of the GPF is essential while negotiating the greater palatine canal to block the maxillary nerve within the pterygopalatine fossa.
Objective
This study aimed to elucidate the shape, orientation, and position of the greater palatine foramen in relation to the surgically encountered anatomical landmarks and maxillary molars in an adult Indian population.
Methods
The study was conducted on 80 human adult skulls of unknown gender. Both sides of the hard palate were assessed, and the number of GPF was recorded by direct visual inspection. Morphometric measurements were recorded with regard to the topographic relation of GPF with the neighbouring bony landmarks. The data were analysed using an independent sample t-test and Spearman rank correlation to check the relationships between the measurements.
Results
The average distance from the incisive fossa to the posterior nasal spine was 40.68 mm. The distance between GPF and incisive fossa was 40.68 and 36.32 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The distance between GPF and lesser palatine foramen was 2.99 and 2.81 mm on the right and left sides, respectively.
Conclusion
The present study provides additional metrical values that help locate the GPF accurately. The data presented here will also provide an index for future studies and help with various invasive procedures in the field of dentistry.
{"title":"An analytical study of the greater palatine foramen in adult human skulls using anatomical planes for clinical considerations","authors":"Naveen Kumar , Ravi Bhaskar , Anjana Shidaraddi , Melissa Glenda Lewis , Swamy Ravindra Shanthakumar , Ashwini P. Aithal","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The greater palatine nerve, a branch of the maxillary nerve, enters the oral cavity through the greater palatine foramen (GPF). Accurate localization of the GPF is essential while negotiating the greater palatine canal to block the maxillary nerve within the pterygopalatine fossa.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to elucidate the shape, orientation, and position of the greater palatine foramen in relation to the surgically encountered anatomical landmarks and maxillary molars in an adult Indian population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study was conducted on 80 human adult skulls of unknown gender. Both sides of the hard palate were assessed, and the number of GPF was recorded by direct visual inspection. Morphometric measurements were recorded with regard to the topographic relation of GPF with the neighbouring bony landmarks. The data were analysed using an independent sample <em>t</em>-test and Spearman rank correlation to check the relationships between the measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The average distance from the incisive fossa to the posterior nasal spine was 40.68 mm. The distance between GPF and incisive fossa was 40.68 and 36.32 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The distance between GPF and lesser palatine foramen was 2.99 and 2.81 mm on the right and left sides, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present study provides additional metrical values that help locate the GPF accurately. The data presented here will also provide an index for future studies and help with various invasive procedures in the field of dentistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-15DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100403
Przemysław A. Pękala, Jerzy A. Walocha
{"title":"Editorial - The role of the clinical anatomy in improving the quality of the modern surgery","authors":"Przemysław A. Pękala, Jerzy A. Walocha","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100403","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sexual dimorphism in human skeletal remains is crucial for forensic identification and archaeological studies. This study develops and validates sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population.
Materials and methods
The study examined 600 ulnae (300 male, 300 female) from the Khon Kaen University skeletal collection, using 400 for equation development and 200 for independent validation. Maximum length, midshaft circumference, weight, and the weight-to-length ratio were assessed.
Results
Significant differences between sexes were found across all variables. Weight demonstrated the highest single-variable accuracy (88.50 %), while combining circumference and weight achieved 90.80 % accuracy. Validation confirmed equation stability, with no significant difference between the training and validation groups (90.75 % vs. 90.50 %, p = 0.77). The equations showed excellent discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.959), high specificity for female identification (95.00 %), and good sensitivity for male identification (86.00 %). The positive likelihood ratio of 17.20 further confirmed the robustness of the method.
Conclusion
This research contributes to forensic anthropology by validating accurate sex estimation methods for the northeastern Thai population while demonstrating the effectiveness of bone weight as a sex determination variable.
{"title":"Independent validation of sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population","authors":"Phongpitak Putiwat , Kaemisa Srisen , Phetcharat Phetnui , Juthamas Kamwong , Suthat Duangchit , Supatcharee Arun , Sitthichai Iamsaard , Worrawit Boonthai , Chanasorn Poodendaen","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sexual dimorphism in human skeletal remains is crucial for forensic identification and archaeological studies. This study develops and validates sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The study examined 600 ulnae (300 male, 300 female) from the Khon Kaen University skeletal collection, using 400 for equation development and 200 for independent validation. Maximum length, midshaft circumference, weight, and the weight-to-length ratio were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant differences between sexes were found across all variables. Weight demonstrated the highest single-variable accuracy (88.50 %), while combining circumference and weight achieved 90.80 % accuracy. Validation confirmed equation stability, with no significant difference between the training and validation groups (90.75 % vs. 90.50 %, p = 0.77). The equations showed excellent discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.959), high specificity for female identification (95.00 %), and good sensitivity for male identification (86.00 %). The positive likelihood ratio of 17.20 further confirmed the robustness of the method.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This research contributes to forensic anthropology by validating accurate sex estimation methods for the northeastern Thai population while demonstrating the effectiveness of bone weight as a sex determination variable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-07DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100404
Marcello Trucas , Michela Vincis , Claudio Intini , Daniel Johnston , Andrea Diana , Denis Barry
Background
in recent decades, fewer autopsies are performed, often replaced by radiological imaging, resulting in abundant imaging data but few complete anatomical examinations. While most surgical specimens are limited to the disease-affected region. Examining the entire gastrointestinal system of anatomical donors and histologically analysing them could enhance research and valorise donation programs, extending medical knowledge. One factor limiting the preservation of the digestive tract in cadavers is the post-mortem interval. Embalming is one of the most widely used methods to preserve donors, but the post-mortem interval affects the gastrointestinal tract in a stable and time-dependent manner, making its histological examination a challenge.
Material and methods
this proof-of-concept study assesses the histological potential of gastrointestinal tissues from embalmed bodies used for anatomical education. Digestive tissues from four donors (two embalmed after 12 h, two after 72 h postmortem) were histologically processed. A scoring system evaluated histological preservation by assessing seven parameters.
Results
analysis showed high-quality preservation of embalmed tissues, including intestinal villi, the aorta, and liver sinusoids, highlighting both normal and pathological architecture, such as atherosclerosis, liver fibrosis, and lymphocyte infiltration. Features were identifiable with excellent histological detail in both the 12-h and 72-h post-mortem interval groups. Although this is a proof-of-concept study, only a slight difference was found between the two groups, with significant differences only in epithelium and vessel characteristics.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that donors’ digestive tissues could be suitable for detailed analyses and insights into chronic diseases and ageing, even in cadavers with a long post-mortem interval.
{"title":"The potential translational utility of embalmed cadaveric gastrointestinal tract specimens: a proof-of-concept study","authors":"Marcello Trucas , Michela Vincis , Claudio Intini , Daniel Johnston , Andrea Diana , Denis Barry","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>in recent decades, fewer autopsies are performed, often replaced by radiological imaging, resulting in abundant imaging data but few complete anatomical examinations. While most surgical specimens are limited to the disease-affected region. Examining the entire gastrointestinal system of anatomical donors and histologically analysing them could enhance research and valorise donation programs, extending medical knowledge. One factor limiting the preservation of the digestive tract in cadavers is the post-mortem interval. Embalming is one of the most widely used methods to preserve donors, but the post-mortem interval affects the gastrointestinal tract in a stable and time-dependent manner, making its histological examination a challenge.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>this proof-of-concept study assesses the histological potential of gastrointestinal tissues from embalmed bodies used for anatomical education. Digestive tissues from four donors (two embalmed after 12 h, two after 72 h postmortem) were histologically processed. A scoring system evaluated histological preservation by assessing seven parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>analysis showed high-quality preservation of embalmed tissues, including intestinal villi, the aorta, and liver sinusoids, highlighting both normal and pathological architecture, such as atherosclerosis, liver fibrosis, and lymphocyte infiltration. Features were identifiable with excellent histological detail in both the 12-h and 72-h post-mortem interval groups. Although this is a proof-of-concept study, only a slight difference was found between the two groups, with significant differences only in epithelium and vessel characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrated that donors’ digestive tissues could be suitable for detailed analyses and insights into chronic diseases and ageing, even in cadavers with a long post-mortem interval.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-13DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100402
Felix Scholkmann , Yiming Shen , Pan-Dong Ryu
Background
Numerous studies have documented the existence of an additional vascular system in mammals: the primo vascular system (PVS), consisting of primo vessels (PVs) and primo nodes.
Methods
The PVS was investigated in five Sprague-Dawley rats. The dye Alcian blue was injected into the lymph node near the lumbar spine (lumbar lymph node) in one rat to stain the lymphatic tissue to determine whether the lymphatic vessels (LVs) contained PVs.
Results
A PV (diameter: ∼30–50 μm) inside a LV (diameter: ∼120–200 μm) was identified near the inferior vena cava. Microscopy images of this specimen are shown in this report and analysed. A reference is given to a detailed guide on how to find, extract and analyse the PVs within the LVs of rats.
Conclusions
The case report documents a PV inside an LV and shows that LVs can contain a secondary vessel that could be identified as a PV and part of the PVS.
{"title":"Microscopic analysis of a primo vessel within a lymphatic vessel in a Sprague-Dawley rat","authors":"Felix Scholkmann , Yiming Shen , Pan-Dong Ryu","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Numerous studies have documented the existence of an additional vascular system in mammals: the primo vascular system (PVS), consisting of primo vessels (PVs) and primo nodes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The PVS was investigated in five Sprague-Dawley rats. The dye Alcian blue was injected into the lymph node near the lumbar spine (lumbar lymph node) in one rat to stain the lymphatic tissue to determine whether the lymphatic vessels (LVs) contained PVs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A PV (diameter: ∼30–50 μm) inside a LV (diameter: ∼120–200 μm) was identified near the inferior vena cava. Microscopy images of this specimen are shown in this report and analysed. A reference is given to a detailed guide on how to find, extract and analyse the PVs within the LVs of rats.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The case report documents a PV inside an LV and shows that LVs can contain a secondary vessel that could be identified as a PV and part of the PVS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-08DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100400
Mamatha Hosapatna , Shreya Saha , Muralimanju B V , Soumyalatha Naveen , Rohini Punja
Background
The oblique popliteal ligament (OPL) plays a crucial role in knee stability, yet its anatomical variations are not fully understood. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive morphometric and morphological analysis of the OPL in the South Indian population.
Methods
Twenty cadaveric knee specimens were dissected and examined. The length and width of the OPL were measured using digital calipers. Morphological characteristics, including shape and attachment patterns, were observed and classified.
Results
The mean length of the OPL was 28.9 ± 3.7 mm, with a width of 17.5 ± 4.3 mm at the origin and 18.3 ± 4.4 mm at the midpoint. Three main types of OPL were identified: Type 1 (45 %) with an accessory upper band, Type 2 (30 %) with a broad medial attachment, and Type 4 (25 %) with a fan-like appearance. Five shape variations were observed: band shape (30 %), trident shape (25 %), complex shape (20 %), Z-shape (15 %), and Y-shape (10 %).
Conclusion
This study reveals significant variability in OPL morphology and dimensions. These findings have important implications for understanding knee biomechanics, improving surgical techniques, and enhancing the interpretation of imaging studies of the posterior knee.
{"title":"Anatomical characterization of oblique popliteal ligament and its clinical significance on knee joint stability","authors":"Mamatha Hosapatna , Shreya Saha , Muralimanju B V , Soumyalatha Naveen , Rohini Punja","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The oblique popliteal ligament (OPL) plays a crucial role in knee stability, yet its anatomical variations are not fully understood. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive morphometric and morphological analysis of the OPL in the South Indian population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty cadaveric knee specimens were dissected and examined. The length and width of the OPL were measured using digital calipers. Morphological characteristics, including shape and attachment patterns, were observed and classified.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean length of the OPL was 28.9 ± 3.7 mm, with a width of 17.5 ± 4.3 mm at the origin and 18.3 ± 4.4 mm at the midpoint. Three main types of OPL were identified: Type 1 (45 %) with an accessory upper band, Type 2 (30 %) with a broad medial attachment, and Type 4 (25 %) with a fan-like appearance. Five shape variations were observed: band shape (30 %), trident shape (25 %), complex shape (20 %), Z-shape (15 %), and Y-shape (10 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study reveals significant variability in OPL morphology and dimensions. These findings have important implications for understanding knee biomechanics, improving surgical techniques, and enhancing the interpretation of imaging studies of the posterior knee.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-08DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100401
Andrzej Żytkowski , Jakub Dębski , Stanisław Orkisz
Background
Skull dissection and brain removal for dissection remain key steps in neuroanatomical procedures, both in anatomical education and scientific research. A technically correct skull opening and dissection determines the ability to explore the structures of the central nervous system further. It allows for preserving skull base topography for educational or scientific purposes.
Aim
This article compares selected skull opening techniques applied in anatomical and neuroanatomical practice. The paper also highlights technical modifications and offers technical suggestions for skull dissection in teaching and research.
Conclusions
Classical skull opening techniques, such as calvarial cap removal and median bisection, remain fundamental in anatomical dissection. Their modifications allow for enhanced visualization of intracranial structures and better preservation of cranial nerves. These approaches support both educational and technical goals in neuroanatomical training.
{"title":"Techniques of skull opening and brain extraction: Contemporary approaches and technical considerations","authors":"Andrzej Żytkowski , Jakub Dębski , Stanisław Orkisz","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Skull dissection and brain removal for dissection remain key steps in neuroanatomical procedures, both in anatomical education and scientific research. A technically correct skull opening and dissection determines the ability to explore the structures of the central nervous system further. It allows for preserving skull base topography for educational or scientific purposes.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This article compares selected skull opening techniques applied in anatomical and neuroanatomical practice. The paper also highlights technical modifications and offers technical suggestions for skull dissection in teaching and research.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Classical skull opening techniques, such as calvarial cap removal and median bisection, remain fundamental in anatomical dissection. Their modifications allow for enhanced visualization of intracranial structures and better preservation of cranial nerves. These approaches support both educational and technical goals in neuroanatomical training.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pneumatocysts are benign lesions often detected by accident during full-FOV CBCT imaging. They appear as tiny, well-circumscribed, radiolucent lesions with a sclerotic rim. Dentists are likely to view this lesion on CBCT scans because of the growing use of this imaging modality in dentistry to assess maxillofacial structures. Identifying the pathognomonic characteristics of this benign, innocuous lesion is critical to prevent pointless studies and patient alarm.
Objectives
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pneumatocysts in the cervical spine and correlate it with age and sex.
Methodology
Large field-of-view computed tomography (CBCT) volumes in the radiology archives (338 total scans) were screened for vertebral pneumatocysts. When observing pneumatocysts on the scan, the number of pneumatocysts and the vertebra in which they were present were noted.
Results
Among the 338 patients, eight had pneumatocysts. We found no sex correlation but a definite correlation with age; the prevalence of pneumatocysts also increased as age increased.
Conclusion
Pneumatocysts in the cervical spine are rare. In our eight cases, these intravertebral pneumatocysts were discovered as unintentional findings on CBCT scans performed for dentomaxillofacial diagnostic purposes. To our knowledge, few studies have investigated these lesions via CBCT.
{"title":"Cervical spine pneumatocysts in cone beam CT scan volumes: Looking beyond the Jaws","authors":"Nandita Shenoy, Aishwarya Nair, Junaid Ahmed, Nanditha Sujir","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pneumatocysts are benign lesions often detected by accident during full-FOV CBCT imaging. They appear as tiny, well-circumscribed, radiolucent lesions with a sclerotic rim. Dentists are likely to view this lesion on CBCT scans because of the growing use of this imaging modality in dentistry to assess maxillofacial structures. Identifying the pathognomonic characteristics of this benign, innocuous lesion is critical to prevent pointless studies and patient alarm.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pneumatocysts in the cervical spine and correlate it with age and sex.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Large field-of-view computed tomography (CBCT) volumes in the radiology archives (338 total scans) were screened for vertebral pneumatocysts. When observing pneumatocysts on the scan, the number of pneumatocysts and the vertebra in which they were present were noted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 338 patients, eight had pneumatocysts. We found no sex correlation but a definite correlation with age; the prevalence of pneumatocysts also increased as age increased.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Pneumatocysts in the cervical spine are rare. In our eight cases, these intravertebral pneumatocysts were discovered as unintentional findings on CBCT scans performed for dentomaxillofacial diagnostic purposes. To our knowledge, few studies have investigated these lesions via CBCT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号