Translational Research in Anatomy最新文献_第4页

Exhibition of the rare deep abductor-flexor of the fifth digit with concurrent hypothenar aberrations 展示罕见的第五指深内收屈，同时伴有下颌畸形

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2024.100356

Max J. Miller , Trey W. Heiderscheidt , Ethan L. Snow

Introduction

Intrinsic coordination of the fifth digit of the hand is largely controlled by the abductor digiti minimi (ADM), flexor digiti minimi brevis (FDMB), and opponens digiti minimi (ODM) muscles (i.e., the hypothenar muscles). Hypothenar muscle variations have been reported; however, biomechanical analyses are seldom performed and descriptions of rare variants such as the deep abductor-flexor of the fifth digit (DAF5) are especially scarce. This study aims to investigate an especially unique case involving the rare DAF5 among additional hypothenar muscle aberrations with biomechanical analysis and discussion of clinical implications.

Methods

An especially unique case of multiple unilateral (left) hypothenar muscle aberrations was discovered during routine human cadaver dissection. The aberrations were cleaned of extraneous fascia and photographed in situ. Mass and fascicle length were measured and mean postmortem fixed sarcomere states were determined via light microscopy to calculate a normalized maximal isometric force (F_max) for each muscle.

Results

The concurrent aberrations included two accessory ADM muscles, three accessory FDMB muscles, an accessory ODM muscle, and a bicipital DAF5. The curved long head of DAF5 (F_max = 4.77 N) originated from the transverse carpal ligament (across midline), while the straight short head (F_max = 1.23 N) originated from the pisiform. The two heads united to form a prominent 3 cm tendon which inserted on the medial aspect of the base of the fifth proximal phalanx. Notably, the long head separated the ulnar artery (superficial) from the ulnar nerve (deep).

Conclusions

The presence of consecutive hypothenar anomalies could influence fifth digit coordination for proper hand function, and the concomitant DAF5 could implicate the underlying median and ulnar nerves. Insights from this report may inform occupational and physical therapists, orthopedic surgeons, and medical anatomy educators when treating or deliberating related cases.

导言手部第五位指头的内在协调主要由小指内收肌(ADM)、小指外屈肌(FDMB)和小指对侧肌(ODM)（即指下肌）控制。有报道称，腓肠肌变异；然而，很少进行生物力学分析，对第五指深内收-屈肌（DAF5）等罕见变异的描述尤其稀少。本研究旨在调查一个特别独特的病例，该病例涉及罕见的 DAF5 以及其他下横肌畸形，并对其进行生物力学分析和临床意义讨论。对畸变部位的多余筋膜进行了清理，并拍摄了原位照片。测量了肌肉的质量和筋膜长度，并通过光学显微镜确定了死后固定的平均肌节状态，从而计算出每块肌肉的归一化最大等长力（Fmax）。DAF5 的弯曲长头（Fmax = 4.77 N）源于腕横韧带（横跨中线），而笔直短头（Fmax = 1.23 N）源于腕岬。这两个头结合在一起，形成一条突出的 3 厘米长的肌腱，插入第五近节指骨基部的内侧。值得注意的是，长头将尺动脉（浅层）与尺神经（深层）分开。结论：连续的足下垂异常可能会影响第五位手指的协调，从而影响手的正常功能，而同时出现的 DAF5 可能会牵连到下面的正中神经和尺神经。本报告的见解可为职业和物理治疗师、骨科医生和医学解剖教育工作者在治疗或讨论相关病例时提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Bipartition of the atlanto-occipital joint surfaces in a South African sample 南非样本中寰枕关节面的双分区

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2024.100355

Vaughan Thompson , Caroline Hay , Christopher Yelverton , Nicolene Jooste

Background

One variation of the atlanto-occipital joint contains a groove or crest dividing the superior articulating facet of C1 and/or the corresponding occipital condyle. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of bipartition of the facets associated with the atlanto-occipital joint and to determine the relationships between the corresponding joint surfaces, bilateral and unilateral facets as well as demographic factors in a South African sample.

Materials and methods

Data about shape and bipartition found on the superior articular facets of the atlas and the occipital condyles were collected from 109 skulls and atlases from the Pretoria Bone Collection, South Africa. Shape data was categorically classified according to existing criteria from literature.

Results

The results revealed the occasional occurrence of a double facet at both the superior articular facet of the atlas (15.6 %), and the occipital condyle (7.34 %). Shape and facet number of the superior articulating facet and corresponding occipital condyle were significantly correlated. The prevalence of bipartition of neither the superior articular facets nor the occipital condyles were statistically significantly different between the left and right sides. Sex and age did not statistically significantly contribute to prevalence of bipartition in this population. However, population group statistically significantly contributed to prevalence of bipartition (p = 0.019), with the White South African sample having a much higher prevalence (88.24 % superior articulating facet, 100 % occipital condyle) of bipartition compared to the Black South African sample (11.76 % superior articular facet, 0 % occipital condyle).

Conclusion

Awareness of this joint variation and instances where it is more likely to occur may be valuable for neuro-vascular and orthopaedic surgeons when doing invasive treatments around the craniocervical junction, and chiropractors when assessing and treating patients.

背景寰枕关节的一种变异包含一个凹槽或嵴，将 C1 的上关节面和/或相应的枕骨髁分隔开。本研究旨在估算与寰枕关节相关的面的双分区发生率，并确定南非样本中相应关节面、双侧和单侧面以及人口统计学因素之间的关系。材料和方法从南非比勒陀利亚骨骼收藏馆的109个头骨和头骨图谱中收集了有关寰椎和枕骨髁上关节面的形状和双分区的数据。结果显示，寰椎上关节面（15.6%）和枕骨髁（7.34%）偶尔会出现双刻面。寰椎上关节面和相应枕骨髁的形状和切面数有显著相关性。左侧和右侧上关节面和枕骨髁的双分区发生率均无明显统计学差异。在该人群中，性别和年龄对双关节面的患病率没有明显的统计学影响。不过，从统计学角度看，人口组别对双侧髁状突的发生率有明显影响（p = 0.019），南非白人样本的双侧髁状突发生率（88.24 % 上关节面，100 % 枕骨髁）远高于南非黑人样本（11.结论了解这种关节变异以及更容易发生这种变异的情况，对于神经血管外科医生和矫形外科医生在颅颈交界处进行侵入性治疗时，以及脊骨神经科医生在评估和治疗患者时，都是非常有价值的。

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引用次数: 0

Feminine forces: A rising tide 女性的力量潮起潮落

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2024.100354

Rebecca L. Pratt PhD (Professor of Anatomy), Lelika Lazarus PhD (Associate Professor of Anatomy), Alison M. Slater

引用次数: 0

Breaking boundaries & rewriting the body of work: An interview with Jane Doe about shaping the future of women in anatomy 打破界限，重写工作：无名氏访谈：塑造女性解剖学的未来

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2024.100353

Rebecca L. Pratt PhD (Professor of Anatomy)

引用次数: 0

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2024.100351

Weixuan Chen , Jingmo Qu , Daniel Rams , Maciej Zajac , Raghad Albalawi , Abimbola Aminu , Malgorzata Mazur , Mateusz K. Holda , Jerzy Walocha , Krzysztof Gil , Marcin Kuniewicz , Halina Dobrzynski , Andrew Atkinson

Research purpose

The sinoatrial node (SN) is the main pacemaker site, and it is located in the junctional area of the superior vena cava within the right atrium (RA). The precise micro-anatomy of the SN in males and females in ageing and obesity remains unclear.

Basic procedures

Human SN/RA specimens were dissected from 25 post-mortem hearts (preserved in 4 % formaldehyde solution), under Polish local ethical rules. The SN/RA tissue blocks were embedded in paraffin. Masson's Trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry for CD31 (a marker of endothelial cells) and CD68 (a marker of macrophages) were performed. Images at different magnifications were taken and analysed. 12-lead ECGs from 24 patients under Polish local ethical rules were obtained. Heart rate and P wave morphologies from lead II, lead III and lead aVF were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed with the unpaired t-test.

Principal results

Heart weight to body weight ratio was significantly higher in aged obese males vs. their female counterparts. In the RA samples, there was an increase in connective tissue and decreased myocyte content from aged obese females compared to aged obese males. Aged non-obese males had significantly increased cellular hypertrophy than the aged non-obese females. Both the aged obese and aged non-obese females showed more CD3 but less CD68 expressing cells than males. In the SN samples, CD31 and CD68 expressing cells were higher in both aged non-obese and aged obese males than their female counterparts.

Major conclusions

Ageing and/or obesity are more likely to impact these cardiac tissues through increased inflammation, increased immune response and hypertrophy.

研究目的中房结（Sinoatrial node，SN）是主要的起搏器部位，位于右心房（RA）内的上腔静脉交界区。基本程序根据波兰当地的伦理规定，从 25 个死后心脏（保存在 4% 的甲醛溶液中）中解剖出人体 SN/RA 标本。将 SN/RA 组织块嵌入石蜡中。对 CD31（内皮细胞标记）和 CD68（巨噬细胞标记）进行马森三色染色和免疫组化。拍摄并分析不同放大倍数的图像。根据波兰当地的伦理规定，采集了 24 名患者的 12 导联心电图。对导联 II、导联 III 和导联 aVF 的心率和 P 波形态进行了分析。主要结果老年肥胖男性的心脏重量与体重比明显高于女性。在 RA 样本中，与老年肥胖男性相比，老年肥胖女性的结缔组织含量增加，而肌细胞含量减少。老年非肥胖男性的细胞肥大程度明显高于老年非肥胖女性。与男性相比，老年肥胖女性和老年非肥胖女性的 CD3 表达细胞较多，但 CD68 表达细胞较少。在SN样本中，老年非肥胖男性和老年肥胖男性的CD31和CD68表达细胞均高于女性。

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引用次数: 0

Arbor vitae cerebelli: Fractal properties and their quantitative assessment by novel “contour scaling” fractal analysis method (an anatomical study) 脑动脉：分形特性及其通过新型 "轮廓缩放 "分形分析方法进行的定量评估（解剖学研究）

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2024.100352

Nataliia Maryenko, Oleksandr Stepanenko

Background

Arbor vitae cerebelli (tree-like branching white matter of the cerebellum) has a complex spatial configuration that is challenging to assess using conventional morphometric methods. This study proposes a fractal approach to describe and quantify the anatomy of Arbor vitae cerebelli. For this purpose, a new “contour scaling” method for fractal analysis of cerebellar white matter was developed.

Material and methods

The cerebella of 100 cadavers (50 male and 50 female) who died from causes unrelated to brain pathology, aged 20–95 years, were examined. Mid-sagittal sections of the cerebellar vermis were studied. The fractal dimension values of the cerebellar white matter were determined using both the developed fractal analysis method and the conventional “box counting” method, along with measurements of non-fractal parameters including cerebellar weight, area and perimeter of the vermis cross-section, perimeter-to-area ratio, and circularity.

Results

Considering the cerebellar white matter as a tree-like fractal, it was found to have 7 or 8 primary branches, which subdivide into 10-18 second-iteration branches, 19–38 third-iteration branches, and 34–53 fourth-iteration branches. Females more often had 8 primary branches compared to males, while males had a greater number of branches in the second to fourth iterations. The mean fractal (Hausdorff) dimension was 1.697 (1.721 in males, 1.674 in females, P = 0.01). The fractal dimension correlated most strongly with the perimeter and area of the vermis cross-section and had no significant relationship with age.

Conclusion

The fractal (Hausdorff) dimension, determined using the novel “contour scaling” method, quantitatively assesses the degree of branching of the cerebellar white matter. An increase in the absolute size of the cerebellum leads to a higher degree of branching of its white matter and an increase in the number of its constitutive components – white matter branches and folia.

背景小脑树突（小脑树状分支白质）具有复杂的空间构型，使用传统的形态计量学方法对其进行评估具有挑战性。本研究提出了一种分形方法来描述和量化小脑脑白质的解剖结构。材料和方法研究了 100 具尸体（50 男 50 女）的小脑，这些尸体死于与脑部病变无关的原因，年龄在 20-95 岁之间。对小脑蚓部的中矢状切片进行了研究。使用开发的分形分析方法和传统的 "盒计数 "方法确定了小脑白质的分形维度值，同时还测量了非分形参数，包括小脑重量、蚓部横截面的面积和周长、周长与面积之比以及圆度。结果将小脑白质视为树状分形，发现它有 7 或 8 个一级分支，再细分为 10-18 个二级分支、19-38 个三级分支和 34-53 个四级分支。与雄性相比，雌性多有 8 个主分支，而雄性在第二至第四次迭代中有更多分支。平均分形（豪斯多夫）维度为 1.697（雄性为 1.721，雌性为 1.674，P = 0.01）。分形维度与蚓部横截面的周长和面积的相关性最强，与年龄无显著关系。小脑绝对大小的增加会导致其白质分枝程度的增加及其构成成分--白质分支和叶片--数量的增加。

{"title":"Arbor vitae cerebelli: Fractal properties and their quantitative assessment by novel “contour scaling” fractal analysis method (an anatomical study)","authors":"Nataliia Maryenko, Oleksandr Stepanenko","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2024.100352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Arbor vitae cerebelli (tree-like branching white matter of the cerebellum) has a complex spatial configuration that is challenging to assess using conventional morphometric methods. This study proposes a fractal approach to describe and quantify the anatomy of Arbor vitae cerebelli. For this purpose, a new “contour scaling” method for fractal analysis of cerebellar white matter was developed.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>The cerebella of 100 cadavers (50 male and 50 female) who died from causes unrelated to brain pathology, aged 20–95 years, were examined. Mid-sagittal sections of the cerebellar vermis were studied. The fractal dimension values of the cerebellar white matter were determined using both the developed fractal analysis method and the conventional “box counting” method, along with measurements of non-fractal parameters including cerebellar weight, area and perimeter of the vermis cross-section, perimeter-to-area ratio, and circularity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Considering the cerebellar white matter as a tree-like fractal, it was found to have 7 or 8 primary branches, which subdivide into 10-18 second-iteration branches, 19–38 third-iteration branches, and 34–53 fourth-iteration branches. Females more often had 8 primary branches compared to males, while males had a greater number of branches in the second to fourth iterations. The mean fractal (Hausdorff) dimension was 1.697 (1.721 in males, 1.674 in females, P = 0.01). The fractal dimension correlated most strongly with the perimeter and area of the vermis cross-section and had no significant relationship with age.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The fractal (Hausdorff) dimension, determined using the novel “contour scaling” method, quantitatively assesses the degree of branching of the cerebellar white matter. An increase in the absolute size of the cerebellum leads to a higher degree of branching of its white matter and an increase in the number of its constitutive components – white matter branches and folia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000761/pdfft?md5=0a1bda12743f863f6ae2cdea973a54d8&pid=1-s2.0-S2214854X24000761-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retrospective denoising and sharpening effects on postmortem computed tomography images of formalin-fixed human cadavers for human anatomy education and research 用于人体解剖学教育和研究的福尔马林固定人体尸体计算机断层扫描图像的回溯去噪和锐化效果

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2024.100350

Tomokazu Kawashima, Norihiro Sudou, Makoto Sakai, Fumi Sato

Background

The value of formalin-fixed postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) has significantly increased in human anatomy education and research. However, improving embalmed PMCT images with high noise, low contrast, and multiple artifacts is an important challenge in enhancing the quality of clinical images. Retrospective denoising methods for embalmed PMCT data are essential for anatomical education and research when new-generation CT scanners with denoising functions are unavailable.

Methods

The three currently available standalone software denoising methods, including image summation methods (Fused CT), noise-reduction system methods (iNoir), and iterative reconstruction (IR, SafeCT), were used to analyze the retrospective noise-reduction effect on 13 human formalin-fixed PMCT datasets.

Results

Fused CT had some advantages; however, it was not useful for embalmed cadavers because of high noise, which doubled with the addition. iNoir and SafeCT improved the visual image quality of the noisy cadaver images. Statistical examination showed a 22–67 % and 18–56 % improvement in noise reduction in the non-artifact and metal artifact parts, respectively, depending on the methods and denoising intensities. However, this improvement was not statistically or morphologically significant in the presence of strong metal artifacts. In contrast, the scattered metal and streak artifacts peculiar to cadaveric images showed effective morphological and statistical improvement.

Conclusions

Retrospective denoising of embalmed PMCT images showed significant morphological and statistical improvements in noise reduction and is feasible for current anatomy education and research.

背景福尔马林固定尸体计算机断层扫描（PMCT）在人体解剖学教育和研究中的价值已大大提高。然而，防腐后的 PMCT 图像噪声大、对比度低、伪像多，如何改进防腐后的 PMCT 图像是提高临床图像质量的一项重要挑战。方法使用目前可用的三种独立软件去噪方法，包括图像求和方法（Fused CT）、降噪系统方法（iNoir）和迭代重建（IR，SafeCT），分析 13 个福尔马林固定 PMCT 数据集的回溯降噪效果。iNoir 和 SafeCT 改善了有噪声尸体图像的视觉图像质量。统计检查显示，根据不同的方法和去噪强度，非伪影和金属伪影部分的降噪效果分别提高了 22-67% 和 18-56%。不过，在存在强烈金属伪影的情况下，这种改善在统计或形态上并不显著。相比之下，尸体图像特有的散射金属和条纹伪影在形态学和统计学上都得到了有效改善。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence of occipitalisation in a South African Black population: An original study of 1119 skulls with a review of the literature 南非黑人的枕骨化流行率：对 1119 个头骨的原始研究及文献综述

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2024.100349

Bernard T. Boekkooi , Glen J. Paton , Shahed Nalla

Background

Occipitalisation is the most prevalent congenital abnormality at the craniovertebral junction; however, it is rare in the general population. There is a paucity of literature on osteological prevalence studies within the South African Black and broader African populations. This study aimed to establish baseline data for the prevalence of occipitalisation in the South African Black population group.

Methods

One thousand two hundred thirteen skulls from a South African Black population were initially sampled, and after exclusion criteria were applied, the sample was reduced to 1119 skulls (male 766; female 353). A morphological description of the skulls that exhibited occipitalisation was included in this study.

Results

Occipitalisation was observed in three skulls (3/1119; 0.27 %); two of the skulls were female (2/353; 0.57 %), and one was male (1/766; 0.13 %). The three occipitalised skulls exhibited fusion in three areas of the atlas: the anterior arch, lateral masses, and transverse processes. No skulls exhibited posterior arch fusion of the atlas.

Conclusion

This study established a baseline prevalence of occipitalisation in the South African Black population at 0.27 % and found no significant association between sex and occipitalisation (p = 0.236). This study highlights the need for further studies in the other African population affinity groups.

背景寰枢椎畸形是颅椎交界处最常见的先天性畸形，但在普通人群中却很少见。有关南非黑人和更广泛的非洲人群中骨畸形患病率研究的文献极少。本研究旨在建立南非黑人群体枕骨化发病率的基线数据。方法最初从南非黑人群体中抽取了1213个头骨样本，在应用排除标准后，样本减少到1119个头骨（男性766个；女性353个）。结果有三个头骨（3/1119；0.27%）出现枕骨化；其中两个是女性头骨（2/353；0.57%），一个是男性头骨（1/766；0.13%）。三个枕骨化头骨的寰椎有三个部位出现融合：前弓、侧块和横突。这项研究确定了南非黑人的枕骨化基线发病率为 0.27%，并发现性别与枕骨化之间没有显著关联（p = 0.236）。这项研究强调了在其他非洲亲缘群体中开展进一步研究的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

A topographical and surgical anatomical description of the recurrent laryngeal nerve: Observations from cadaveric dissection and thyroidectomy patients 喉返神经的地形和手术解剖描述：尸体解剖和甲状腺切除术患者的观察结果

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2024.100348

Joshua BL. Kiluba , Candice Small , Ifongo Bombil , Kasonga Paul Bulabula , Thifhelimbilu Emmanuel Luvhengo , Pedzisai Mazengenya

Background

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injuries account for most successful litigations against surgeons following head and neck surgery. Most injuries to the RLN occur during thyroidectomy with the best strategy to reduce injury to the RLN being through intraoperative monitoring of its normal anatomy, extra-laryngeal trajectory and topography. Identification of the RLN during thyroidectomy is possible at the tracheoesophageal groove (TEG), where it crosses the inferior thyroid artery (ITA) and or pierces the suspensory ligament of the thyroid gland (ligament of Berry). The extra-laryngeal course and branching patterns of the RLN are highly variable, increasing the likelihood of iatrogenic injury.

Materials and methods

The current study investigated the extra-laryngeal course, branching patterns and topographical relationships of the RLN in the TEG in adult cadavers and patients who underwent thyroidectomy. The study examined 30 thyroidectomy patients and 50 adult cadavers.

Results

The mean diameters of the RLN were 1.74 ± 0.59 mm and 1.63 ± 0.47 mm on the left and right sides, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the genders and sides (P ≥ 0.05). The majority of the RLNs on the left side coursed in the first 0–15⁰ relative to the TEG while on the right side the majority deviated from the TEG at an angle ranging between 0 and 30⁰. The distribution of the RLN in relation to the inferior thyroid artery in the cadaveric sample was as follows: 29.6 % posterior to the artery, 33.7 % anterior to the artery and 36.7 % in-between its branches with statistically significant differences between genders (P ≤ 0.05). The majority of the RLN exhibited two or more branches on both sides, with a maximum of four branches being observed. In the surgical cohort, majority of the RLN ran posterior to the ITA followed by the anterior course and least in-between the branches of the ITA.

Conclusions

The present findings augment the vital information about the course, topography and branching patterns of the RLN along the TEG by outlining differences between the a cadaveric and a surgical sample as well as between two major South African population groups in order to minimise the iatrogenic injuries to the RLN and also to improve the diagnoses and management of the disorders of the neck, larynx and voice production.

背景喉返神经（RLN）损伤是头颈部手术后针对外科医生的最多胜诉案例。大多数喉返神经损伤发生在甲状腺切除术中，减少喉返神经损伤的最佳策略是术中监测其正常解剖结构、喉外轨迹和地形。在甲状腺切除术中，可在气管食管沟（TEG）处识别 RLN，此处 RLN 穿过甲状腺下动脉（ITA），或穿透甲状腺悬韧带（贝里韧带）。本研究调查了成年尸体和接受甲状腺切除术的患者中 RLN 在 TEG 中的喉外走向、分支模式和地形关系。结果左侧和右侧 RLN 的平均直径分别为 1.74 ± 0.59 mm 和 1.63 ± 0.47 mm，男女之间和两侧之间差异无统计学意义（P ≥ 0.05）。左侧大多数 RLN 相对于 TEG 的前 0-15⁰ 走向，而右侧大多数 RLN 偏离 TEG 的角度在 0 至 30⁰ 之间。在尸体样本中，RLN相对于甲状腺下动脉的分布情况如下：29.6%位于动脉后方，33.7%位于动脉前方，36.7%位于动脉分支之间，不同性别间差异有统计学意义（P≤0.05）。大多数 RLN 两侧都有两个或更多分支，最多可观察到四个分支。在手术队列中，大多数 RLN 位于 ITA 后方，其次是前方，最少的位于 ITA 分支之间。结论本研究结果通过概述尸体样本和手术样本之间以及南非两大人口群体之间的差异，增加了有关RLN沿TEG的走向、地形和分支模式的重要信息，从而最大限度地减少对RLN的先天性损伤，并改善对颈部、喉部和发声障碍的诊断和管理。

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引用次数: 0

“Atlas” - First cervical vertebrae: Deciphering morphological complexity, quantifying morphometry and integrating clinical perspectives "图集"--第一颈椎：解密形态复杂性、量化形态测量和整合临床视角

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2024.100346

Nandini Bhat , Souhardya Das , Lakshmisha Rao , Ashwija Shetty , Vanishri Nayak , Sushma Prabhath , Kurian Alapatt , Suhani Sumalatha

引用次数: 0