Translational Research in Anatomy最新文献_第2页

Morphological variability of renal hilar structures in humans: Insights from cadaveric observation 人类肾门结构的形态学变异：来自尸体观察的见解

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2026.100461

Binita Gupta, Kapil Kumar Malviya

Background

The renal hilum serves as the entry and exit point of the kidney, transmitting the renal vein, renal artery, and renal pelvis. The classical anatomical arrangement from anterior to posterior is the renal vein, renal artery, and renal pelvis. However, variations in this configuration are common and carry significant clinical implications for surgical and radiological procedures.

Objective

To examine and categorize variations in the arrangement of renal hilar structures through cadaveric dissection and to assess their clinical significance.

Materials and methods

A total of 112 kidneys (54 left and 58 right) obtained from cadaveric dissections were studied. The arrangement of the renal vein, renal artery, and renal pelvis at the hilum was carefully observed and documented. Variations from the classical pattern were noted, categorised, and analysed for frequency and laterality.

Results

Out of 112 kidneys examined, only 18 (16 %) exhibited the classical anterior-to-posterior arrangement of renal vein, renal artery, and renal pelvis. The remaining 94 kidneys (84 %) displayed eight distinct variation patterns. Variations were more frequent in the left kidneys, possibly reflecting their more complex embryological development. The most common deviations involved the prehilar branching of the renal artery and the presence of additional venous tributaries, which altered the usual hilar configuration.

Conclusion

Renal hilar variations are highly prevalent and must be carefully considered during surgical and radiological procedures. Awareness of these anatomical variations is crucial for preventing intraoperative complications such as haemorrhage or ischemia and for ensuring accurate interpretation of renal imaging. The paper highlights the importance of a detailed preoperative assessment and supports the need for a standardized classification of renal hilar anatomy.

肾门是肾脏的入口和出口，传递肾静脉、肾动脉和肾盂。肾静脉、肾动脉、肾盂从前到后依次排列。然而，这种结构的变化是常见的，并且对外科和放射治疗具有重要的临床意义。目的通过尸体解剖检查和分类肾门结构排列的变化，探讨其临床意义。材料与方法对112个尸体解剖肾脏（左肾54个，右肾58个）进行研究。仔细观察并记录肾静脉、肾动脉和肾盂在肾门处的排列。从经典模式的变化被注意到，分类，并分析频率和侧性。结果112个肾脏中，只有18个（16% %）表现出典型的肾静脉、肾动脉和肾盂的前后排列。其余94个肾脏（84 %）表现出8种不同的变异模式。左肾的变异更频繁，可能反映了它们更复杂的胚胎发育。最常见的偏差包括肾动脉门前分支和额外静脉分支的存在，这改变了通常的门静脉结构。结论肾门变异性是非常普遍的，在外科和放射治疗中必须仔细考虑。了解这些解剖变异对于预防术中并发症（如出血或缺血）和确保肾脏成像的准确解释至关重要。本文强调了详细的术前评估的重要性，并支持对肾门解剖进行标准化分类的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Microscopic anatomy of human fetal precentral cerebral wall in the fetuses of the second trimester 妊娠中期胎儿中央前脑壁显微解剖

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2026.100462

Veeresh , Shalini S. Nayak , Deepak Nayak , Aamna Kausar , Mamatha Hosapatna

The human fetal cerebral wall undergoes key laminar organisation during mid-gestation, forming the basis for cortical development. The precentral gyrus is a critical motor region where early disturbances may affect neurodevelopment. This study examined the transient cortical layers of the fetal precentral cerebral wall during the second trimester. After ethics approval, ten normal fetal brains between 18 and 25 gestational weeks were analysed. Precentral cerebral wall tissue was sectioned at 5 μm and stained with haematoxylin–eosin and Luxol Fast Blue/Periodic Acid–Schiff. Six transient layers—marginal zone (MZ), cortical plate (CP), subcortical plate (SCP), intermediate zone (IZ), subventricular zone (SVZ), and ventricular zone (VZ)—were identified and measured using CellSens software, and correlations with gestational age were assessed. Mean cerebral wall thickness was 5.5 ± 2.1 mm, with SCP and IZ consistently the thickest layers and VZ the thinnest. Significant positive correlations were observed between gestational age and both CP and SCP, as well as between MZ and CP, MZ and VZ, and SCP and IZ. Occasional specimens showed oedema in the SVZ and spongy IZ. These findings demonstrate that the second-trimester precentral cerebral wall exhibits six distinct transient layers with coordinated growth, particularly within the subplate and cortical plate, providing region-specific normative data that enhance anatomical understanding of cortical development during a critical developmental window.

人类胎儿脑壁在妊娠中期经历了关键的层状组织，形成了皮质发育的基础。中央前回是一个关键的运动区域，早期的障碍可能会影响神经发育。本研究检测了妊娠中期胎儿中央前脑壁的短暂皮质层。经伦理批准后，对10个妊娠18至25周的正常胎儿大脑进行了分析。在5 μm处对中央前脑壁组织进行切片，并用苏木精-伊红和Luxol快速蓝/周期性酸-希夫染色。使用CellSens软件鉴定并测量了六个瞬变层——边缘区（MZ）、皮质板区（CP）、皮质下板区（SCP）、中间区（IZ）、室下区（SVZ）和室区（VZ），并评估了与胎龄的相关性。平均脑壁厚度为5.5 ± 2.1 mm，其中SCP和IZ始终是最厚的层，VZ最薄。胎龄与CP、SCP、MZ与CP、MZ与VZ、SCP与IZ呈显著正相关。偶见中下室水肿和海绵状中室。这些研究结果表明，妊娠中期的中央前脑壁呈现出6个不同的瞬态层，并协调生长，特别是在底板和皮质板内，提供了特定区域的规范数据，增强了对关键发育窗口期皮质发育的解剖学理解。

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引用次数: 0

Biomechanical analysis and clinical implications of an interscalene muscle slip involving the brachial plexus 累及臂丛的斜角肌间滑动的生物力学分析及临床意义

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100460

Lucy E. Greenhagen , Joseph X. Anders , Grzegorz Wysiadecki , Ethan L. Snow

Introduction

The brachial plexus courses above the first rib and between the anterior and middle scalene muscles. Morphological variations of the scalene muscles can be clinically significant, but biomechanical analyses of such variations are scarcely reported. The objective of this study is to perform an anatomical and biomechanical investigation of a unique interscalene muscle variation involving the brachial plexus.

Methods

A unilateral (left) interscalene muscle slip was discovered during routine dissection of an elderly male human cadaver. The anatomy was cleanly dissected and photographed in situ with scale. Mass, fascicle length, and mean fixed sarcomere length were measured for the anterior scalene, interscalene, and middle scalene muscles, and the normalized maximal isometric force (F_max) for each muscle was calculated.

Results

The 5.20 cm interscalene muscle slip was bicipital; its medial and lateral heads originated from the proximal aspect of the middle scalene muscle posterior to the C5 ventral ramus, converged to a common belly between the C6 and C7 ventral rami, and inserted on the distal aspect of the anterior scalene muscle anterior to the C7 ventral ramus. The F_max of the anterior scalene, interscalene, and middle scalene muscles were 13.58 N, 0.46 N, and 13.82 N, respectively.

Conclusion

The interscalene muscle variation may jeopardize the C5 and C6 ventral rami and complicate medical procedures involving the scalene triangle (e.g., interscalene nerve block). Rarity of the variation may cause its oversight as a differential diagnosis and misinform the treatment and therapeutic progress for other conditions. This report may benefit clinicians, anatomists, and medical students as they deliberate complicated differential diagnoses and medical procedures involving the scalene triangle region.

臂丛位于第一肋骨之上，位于前斜角肌和中斜角肌之间。斜角肌的形态变化可能具有临床意义，但这种变化的生物力学分析几乎没有报道。本研究的目的是对涉及臂丛的独特斜角肌间肌变异进行解剖学和生物力学研究。方法对一具老年男性尸体进行常规解剖时发现单侧（左）斜角间肌滑移。解剖干净，并按比例就地拍照。测量前斜角肌、间斜角肌和中斜角肌的质量、肌束长度和平均固定肌节长度，并计算每块肌肉的归一化最大等距力（Fmax）。结果5.20 cm斜角肌间滑脱为二头肌；它的内侧和外侧头起源于C5腹支后的中斜角肌近端，在C6和C7腹支之间汇聚成一个共同的腹部，并插入C7腹支前的前斜角肌远端。前斜角肌、斜间肌和中斜角肌的Fmax分别为13.58 N、0.46 N和13.82 N。结论斜角肌间肌变异可危及C5和C6腹支，并使涉及到斜角肌三角的医疗程序复杂化（如斜角肌间神经阻滞）。罕见的变异可能导致其作为鉴别诊断的疏忽，并误导其他疾病的治疗和治疗进展。当临床医生、解剖学家和医学生考虑涉及不等边三角形区域的复杂鉴别诊断和医疗程序时，本报告可能对他们有益。

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引用次数: 0

Case report of variant origin and course of the middle colic artery 结肠中动脉异源及异径1例报告

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100459

Aliće Weiglein , Karin Fischer , Anne Albrecht , Constanze Nossol

Background

The middle colic artery is of key importance regarding the blood supply of the digestive tract. Visceral surgery, in particular, relies on detailed knowledge of the anatomical course of arteries in this region. Several variants of the bowel's arterial supply have been reported, and we contribute the description of yet another variant.

Case report

We observed an unusual origin and course of the MCA in a body donor from the voluntary donation program of the Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg. The donor had died from coronary heart disease and cardiac insufficiency, and the body was fixed by arterial perfusion with an ethanol-formaldehyde solution. Dissection was performed during regular undergraduate anatomy courses at the institute. We describe a variant middle colic artery (aMCA) that, instead of arising from the SMA, branches directly from the celiac trunk alongside the usual vessels. The aMCA descends behind the pancreas, gives off an inferior pancreatic artery, and then divides into two branches: one connecting to the regular MCA from the SMA and the other to the LCA from the IMA. While the IMA showed a normal branching pattern, the SMA lacked a right colic artery; no additional anatomical or pathological abnormalities were observed.

Conclusion

Although parts of the herein described variation have already been published - such as an aMCA arising from the celiac trunk or variations in connectivity of the MCA with the RCA and LCA - the combination of variations reported here is, to our best knowledge, not yet documented.

背景结肠中动脉在消化道血液供应中起着至关重要的作用。特别是内脏手术，依赖于该区域动脉解剖过程的详细知识。肠动脉供应的几种变体已被报道，我们贡献了另一种变体的描述。病例报告：我们在马格德堡Otto-von-Guericke大学解剖研究所自愿捐赠计划的一名尸体捐献者身上观察到一种不寻常的MCA起源和病程。供体死于冠心病和心功能不全，用乙醇-甲醛溶液动脉灌注固定尸体。解剖是在研究所的常规本科解剖学课程中进行的。我们描述了一种变异的结肠中动脉（aMCA），它不是起源于SMA，而是直接从乳糜干和通常的血管旁分支。aMCA在胰腺后方下降，发出胰下动脉，然后分成两个分支：一个从SMA连接到常规MCA，另一个从IMA连接到LCA。IMA呈正常分支，SMA缺乏右结肠动脉；未观察到其他解剖或病理异常。尽管本文所描述的部分变异已经被发表，例如由乳糜干引起的aMCA或MCA与RCA和LCA的连通性变异，但据我们所知，本文报道的变异组合尚未被记录。

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引用次数: 0

Adapting anatomy education: A comparative analysis of learning and academic outcomes across in-person, online, and blended instruction in a third-year anatomy subject (2019–2023) 适应性解剖学教育：2019-2023年三年级解剖学课程中面对面、在线和混合教学的学习和学术成果比较分析

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100458

Jency Thomas , Richard G.D. Fernandez , Narbada Saini , Joanne Marcucci , Hayder A. Al-Aubaidy

Background

This study evaluated student learning outcomes and perceptions in the third-year anatomy subject PAM3HAN at La Trobe University across three instructional models: fully in-person (2019), fully online (2020–2021), and blended (2022–2023). The aim was to determine how these delivery modes influenced academic performance, engagement, and the achievement of learning objectives.

Methods

A mixed-methods approach was used. Quantitative data, including mean subject scores, pass rates, and assessment component results, were compared across instructional periods. Qualitative data from Student Feedback on Subject (SFS) surveys were analysed thematically to explore perceptions of learning quality, practical engagement, instructional coherence, and assessment alignment.

Results

Student performance differed significantly across years (p < 0.05). Mean marks increased during fully online delivery, reflecting the influence of non-invigilated assessment conditions. However, students reported reduced engagement and difficulty visualising anatomical structures without hands-on experiences. The blended model restored cadaveric practicals while retaining online flexibility, leading to higher satisfaction and improved alignment between theoretical and practical learning.

Conclusion

While online delivery supports accessibility, it cannot replace the depth of learning provided by practical experiences. The blended model offered the most balanced approach, emphasising the importance of coherent curriculum design, integrated resources, and sustained opportunities for hands-on anatomical learning.

本研究评估了拉筹伯大学三年级解剖学科目PAM3HAN的学生学习成果和看法，采用三种教学模式：完全面对面（2019）、完全在线（2020-2021）和混合（2022-2023）。目的是确定这些交付模式如何影响学习成绩、参与和学习目标的实现。方法采用混合方法。定量数据，包括平均科目分数，通过率和评估组成部分的结果，在教学期间进行比较。从学生对学科的反馈（SFS）调查中获得的定性数据进行了主题分析，以探讨学习质量、实践参与、教学一致性和评估一致性的看法。结果各年级学生成绩差异有统计学意义（p <； 0.05）。在完全在线交付期间，平均分数增加，反映了非监考评估条件的影响。然而，学生们报告说，如果没有实践经验，他们的参与度会降低，而且很难将解剖结构可视化。混合模型在保留在线灵活性的同时恢复了尸体实践，从而提高了满意度，并改善了理论和实践学习之间的一致性。结论在线教学虽然支持可访问性，但不能替代实践经验提供的深度学习。混合模式提供了最平衡的方法，强调连贯的课程设计、整合的资源和持续的动手解剖学学习机会的重要性。

{"title":"Adapting anatomy education: A comparative analysis of learning and academic outcomes across in-person, online, and blended instruction in a third-year anatomy subject (2019–2023)","authors":"Jency Thomas , Richard G.D. Fernandez , Narbada Saini , Joanne Marcucci , Hayder A. Al-Aubaidy","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study evaluated student learning outcomes and perceptions in the third-year anatomy subject PAM3HAN at La Trobe University across three instructional models: fully in-person (2019), fully online (2020–2021), and blended (2022–2023). The aim was to determine how these delivery modes influenced academic performance, engagement, and the achievement of learning objectives.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A mixed-methods approach was used. Quantitative data, including mean subject scores, pass rates, and assessment component results, were compared across instructional periods. Qualitative data from Student Feedback on Subject (SFS) surveys were analysed thematically to explore perceptions of learning quality, practical engagement, instructional coherence, and assessment alignment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Student performance differed significantly across years (p < 0.05). Mean marks increased during fully online delivery, reflecting the influence of non-invigilated assessment conditions. However, students reported reduced engagement and difficulty visualising anatomical structures without hands-on experiences. The blended model restored cadaveric practicals while retaining online flexibility, leading to higher satisfaction and improved alignment between theoretical and practical learning.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While online delivery supports accessibility, it cannot replace the depth of learning provided by practical experiences. The blended model offered the most balanced approach, emphasising the importance of coherent curriculum design, integrated resources, and sustained opportunities for hands-on anatomical learning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measurement reliability and clinical translation of clival and foramen magnum morphometry in a Botswana CT cohort 博茨瓦纳CT队列中斜坡和枕骨大孔形态测量的测量可靠性和临床翻译

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100457

Amit Kumar Gupta , Chandrashekar Patil , Jeffrin Reneus Paul

引用次数: 0

Anatomy of the medial stabilizers ligaments of the patella: anatomical study in fresh cadavers 髌骨内侧稳定韧带的解剖：新鲜尸体的解剖研究

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100456

Juan Pablo Martinez-Cano , Sebastian Forero , Juan Francisco Londoño , Jacobo Triviño-Arias , Alfredo Martinez-Rondanelli

Background

The medial patellofemoral, patellomeniscal, and patellotibial ligaments are described as key stabilizers on the medial aspect of the patella. However, most anatomical studies have relied on specimens preserved in formalin or frozen for extended periods, potentially altering native tissue characteristics. The aim is to describe the anatomical characteristics of the medial patellofemoral, patellomeniscal, and patellotibial ligaments using fresh cadaveric specimens.

Materials and methods

This prospective descriptive case series analyzed 15 fresh cadaveric knees obtained from the National institute of legal medicine and forensic sciences in XXXX. The ligaments were dissected and described, in terms of size and insertions.

Results

The three ligaments were identified in all the specimens. The medial patellofemoral ligament has a mean length of 61.9 mm, the origin has a mean width of 24.9 mm (patella and vastus medialis oblique (VMO)) and it inserts between the adductor tubercle and medial epicondyle with a mean width of 9.3 mm. The medial patellomeniscal and patellotibial ligaments origin more distal in the medial patella with a mean width of 11.7 mm and a mean length of 40.1 mm and 42.2 mm, and a mean angle with the patellar tendon of 36.1° and 16.7°, respectively.

Conclusion

The medial patellofemoral ligament is a flat structure which has dual origin in the patella and VMO, and inserts between the medial epicondyle and adductor tubercle. The medial patellomeniscal and medial patellotibial ligaments share a common insertion in the mid-distal patella. These three anatomical structures were consistently found in all the cadaveric specimens. The description of these structures can help to develop more anatomical techniques to reconstruct the medial stabilizers of the knee.

背景髌股内侧韧带、髌骨内侧韧带和髌胫韧带被认为是髌骨内侧的关键稳定剂。然而，大多数解剖研究依赖于在福尔马林中保存或长时间冷冻的标本，这可能会改变原始组织的特征。目的是用新鲜的尸体标本描述髌股内侧韧带、髌髌韧带和髌胫韧带的解剖特征。材料和方法本前瞻性描述性病例系列分析了从XXXX年国家法医学和法医科学研究所获得的15具新鲜尸体膝盖。韧带被解剖并描述，根据大小和插入。结果所有标本均能识别出3条韧带。髌股内侧韧带平均长度为61.9 mm，起始处平均宽度为24.9 mm（髌骨和股内侧斜肌），插入内收肌结节和内侧上髁之间，平均宽度为9.3 mm。髌骨内侧韧带和髌胫内侧韧带起源于髌骨内侧较远端，平均宽度为11.7 mm，平均长度为40.1 mm和42.2 mm，与髌骨肌腱的平均夹角分别为36.1°和16.7°。结论髌股内侧韧带为扁平结构，起源于髌骨和VMO，位于髌股内侧上髁和内收肌结节之间。髌骨内侧韧带和髌骨内侧韧带在髌骨中远端有一个共同的止点。这三种解剖结构在所有尸体标本中都一致存在。这些结构的描述可以帮助开发更多的解剖学技术来重建膝关节的内侧稳定器。

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引用次数: 0

Medical students’ perceptions of anatomy teaching resources and their impact on learning outcomes: Insights from a private medical university in Malaysia 医科学生对解剖学教学资源的看法及其对学习成果的影响：来自马来西亚一所私立医科大学的见解

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100454

Sambhram Samdeshi , Krishna Chaitanya Reddy Dandala , Thirupathirao Vishnumukkala , Prarthana Kalerammana Gopalakrishna , Gandrakota Ravindranadh , Mohammad Yusuf Bin Abdul Latif , Sowmya Ramakrishnappa , Saravanan Jagadeesan , Che Mohd Nasril Che Mohd Nassir , Sreenivasulu Sura , Zaw Myo Hein

Introduction

Understanding medical students' perceptions of anatomy teaching resources is crucial for developing effective and engaging educational strategies that enhance long-term knowledge retention. This study examined students’ preferences for various gross anatomy and histology learning resources and evaluated their perceived effectiveness in achieving specific anatomy learning outcomes (LOs).

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was administered to a total of 317 (Year 1–5) medical students at a private Malaysian medical university using convenience sampling. Participants ranked different anatomy teaching resources and rated their usefulness across 12 defined LOs. Data was analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests.

Results

Of 317 respondents, prosection of human tissues emerged as the most preferred and effective gross anatomy resource (53.3 %), followed by plastic anatomical models and online multimedia materials, while printed resources were least favored. For histology, light microscopy (LM) was preferred by 61 % of students, although both LM and virtual microscopy (VM) were perceived as comparably effective in meeting learning objectives. Preferences varied significantly by academic phase and country of origin but not by gender.

Conclusion

Medical students favored hands-on and visually rich learning modalities that provide tactile and spatial engagement. These findings highlight the continued relevance of prosection of human tissues and LM in anatomy education while supporting a blended teaching approach that integrates digital resources to complement traditional methods and optimize student engagement and learning outcomes.

了解医学生对解剖学教学资源的看法，对于制定有效和吸引人的教育策略，提高长期知识记忆是至关重要的。本研究考察了学生对各种大体解剖学和组织学学习资源的偏好，并评估了他们在实现特定解剖学学习成果（LOs）方面的感知有效性。方法采用方便抽样的方法，对马来西亚一所私立医科大学的317名（1-5年级）医学生进行横断面在线调查。参与者对不同的解剖学教学资源进行排名，并在12个定义的LOs中对其有用性进行评级。数据分析采用非参数统计检验。结果在317名受访者中，人体组织检出是最受欢迎和有效的大体解剖资源（53.3% %），其次是塑料解剖模型和在线多媒体材料，而印刷资源最不受欢迎。对于组织学，61% 的学生更喜欢光学显微镜（LM），尽管LM和虚拟显微镜（VM）在满足学习目标方面被认为是相当有效的。不同的学习阶段和原籍国对学生的偏好差异很大，但性别差异不大。结论医学生喜欢动手和视觉丰富的学习方式，提供触觉和空间参与。这些研究结果强调了人体组织解剖和LM在解剖学教育中的持续相关性，同时支持一种混合教学方法，该方法集成了数字资源，以补充传统方法，并优化学生的参与度和学习成果。

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引用次数: 0

Anatomical variations of the clivus and related craniometric measurements in the adult population of Botswana: A CT-Based study 博茨瓦纳成年人群的斜坡解剖变异和相关颅骨测量：一项基于ct的研究

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100452

G. Tanthuma , J.L. Kruger , B. Segwagwe , P. Mazengenya

Introduction

The clivus and foramen magnum are important landmarks in skull base surgeries. Incidental clival anatomical variations such as the fossa navicularis magna and canalis basilaris medianus, can mimic pathological lesions or fractures while the foramen magnum can be congenitally narrowed in conditions like achondroplasia and atlantooccipital fusion. This study investigated the morphology and morphometric dimensions of the clivus and foramen magnum in the adult population of Botswana using Computed Tomography (CT).

Materials and methods

This retrospective study analyzed 86 CT images of adult patients obtained from Sir Ketumile Masire Teaching Hospital, Gaborone. Measurements of the clivus and foramen magnum were acquired from reconstructed sagittal and axial CT planes. The clivus was evaluated for anatomical variations. Statistical analysis included ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, and independent t-tests to determine differences by sex and age group. Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen's d.

Results

A single case of fossa navicularis magna was observed (1.2 %). Significant sex differences were identified in the clivus length (p = 0.001), foramen magnum anteroposterior diameter (p < 0.001), and transverse diameter (p = 0.001), with males exhibiting larger dimensions. No significant differences were found among age groups. Positive correlations were observed between clival and foramen magnum parameters (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

The morphometric characteristics of the clivus and foramen magnum were stable across age groups but exhibited marked sexual dimorphism, with males showing larger measurements. These findings provide baseline data relevant to skull base surgery, radiological diagnosis, and forensic identification within the Botswana population.

斜坡和枕骨大孔是颅底手术的重要标志。偶然发生的骨侧解剖变异，如大舟小窝和基底中肌管，可以模拟病理病变或骨折，而在软骨发育不全和寰枕融合等情况下，骨大孔可能先天性变窄。本研究利用计算机断层扫描（CT）研究了博茨瓦纳成年人群的斜坡和枕骨大孔的形态学和形态计量学尺寸。材料与方法回顾性分析哈博罗内Sir Ketumile Masire教学医院86例成人CT图像。在重建的矢状面和轴向面CT上测量斜坡和枕骨大孔。评估斜坡的解剖变异。统计分析包括方差分析、Kruskal-Wallis和独立t检验，以确定性别和年龄组的差异。采用Cohen's d.计算效应量。结果观察到1例大椎小舟窝（1.2 %）。在斜坡长度（p = 0.001）、枕骨大孔前后直径（p <； 0.001）和横向直径（p = 0.001）上发现了显著的性别差异，男性表现出更大的尺寸。各年龄组间无显著差异。斜坡与枕骨大孔参数呈正相关（p <； 0.01）。结论不同年龄层坡骨和枕骨大孔的形态特征基本稳定，但存在明显的两性二态性，男性较大。这些发现为博茨瓦纳人群的颅底手术、放射诊断和法医鉴定提供了相关的基线数据。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “The meaning of modern neuroanatomy” [Transl. Res. Anat. 37 (2024) 100361] “现代神经解剖学的意义”的勘误表[译]。参考文献。37 (2024)100361 [j]

Q3 Medicine

Translational Research in Anatomy

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2025.100437

Andrzej Żytkowski , Stanisław Orkisz

引用次数: 0