Translational Research in Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Case analysis and clinical implications of a hemangioma located between the pronator quadratus and interosseous membrane","authors":"Arene S. Barwari ,&nbsp;Parker Murphy ,&nbsp;Anders S. Mattecheck ,&nbsp;Yorell Manon-Matos ,&nbsp;Ethan L. Snow","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hemangiomas are seldom considered as a differential diagnosis for conditions with common etiologies. Reports detailing hemangiomas in unique locations with comprehensive analyses are scarce. This study aims to investigate a hemangioma uniquely located between the pronator quadratus (PQ) and the interosseous membrane (IOM) with gross, histological, and biomechanical analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A unilateral (right) hemangioma was discovered during routine dissection of an adult human cadaver, measured, weighed, transected, and photographed. Two tissue samples were collected, processed for histology (H&amp;E), and scanned for examination via digital light microscopy. Maximal isometric force (<em>F</em>_<em>max</em>) of the overlying PQ was calculated to determine the central force vector that would compress the hemangioma upon contraction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The 4.85 g multilobulated hemangioma was supplied by the anterior interosseous artery and bound by the PQ, IOM, and distal radius and ulna. The hemangioma was roughly circular (r = ∼2.65 cm) in the coronal plane and disproportionally thicker on its ulnar side (1.88 cm vs. 0.45 cm). Histological analysis revealed atrophic skeletal muscle and clusters of leukocytes. The PQ muscle exhibited a <em>F</em>_<em>max</em> of 45.47 N and the ability to compress the hemangioma with 12.56 N.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite its likelihood for provoking sequelae, a hemangioma presenting between the PQ and IOM may not be considered when evaluating musculoskeletal pain, distal forearm fractures, compartment syndrome, or carpal tunnel syndrome. This study may provide new and important insights to orthopedists, vascular surgeons, medical educators, clinical anatomists, and allied health professionals when analyzing, diagnosing, or treating related cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mind the gap: Reproducibility of methods for studying paraspinal muscles","authors":"Nayia Aza ,&nbsp;David James Halliday ,&nbsp;Chandrasekaran Kaliaperumal","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>We respond to a recent study on Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based measurement of paraspinal muscles in patients with chronic back pain.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We reviewed their methodology with a focus on segmentation tools and observer reliability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Key details, including the software used and inter-observer reliability, were not reported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Clarifying the methodology would improve reproducibility and support comparability across studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circumaortic left renal vein with an accessory retroaortic branch in a cadaver: A rare combination of type I and III variants","authors":"Maura Null,&nbsp;Maddison O'Quinn,&nbsp;Jake Shearer,&nbsp;Jonathan J. Wisco,&nbsp;Dustin Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Congenital anomalies in renal venous anatomy are of clinical significance due to their implications in diagnostic imaging, surgical interventions, and renal transplantation. Among these, retroaortic and circumaortic left renal veins (RLRVs) are rare and often discovered incidentally during imaging or dissection.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This case report aims to document and describe multiple rare congenital variations in renal venous anatomy observed during routine cadaveric dissection, with a focus on their classification and potential clinical relevance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Routine anatomical dissection was performed on the cadaver of an 84-year-old female donor in a medical anatomy laboratory setting. Detailed observation and documentation of the renal venous drainage patterns were conducted, with findings compared to existing anatomical classifications of RLRVs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Dissection revealed a circumaortic left renal vein composed of an anterior branch and an accessory retroaortic branch. Additionally, two distinct right renal veins were identified, draining independently into the inferior vena cava. These findings represent an unusual combination of Type I and Type III RLRV anomalies, along with bilateral supernumerary renal veins.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case highlights a rare and complex variation in bilateral renal venous anatomy, emphasizing the importance of a thorough understanding of venous developmental embryology. Such knowledge is crucial for clinicians involved in surgical planning, abdominal imaging, and renal transplant procedures to minimize the risk of iatrogenic injury and improve patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical reassessment of the rat cortical drill-hole injury model","authors":"Nao Yashima ,&nbsp;Takumi Okunuki ,&nbsp;Wataru Minamizono ,&nbsp;Kaoru Fujikawa ,&nbsp;Hirai Suito ,&nbsp;Shingo Nakai ,&nbsp;Masafumi Osako","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The drill-hole injury model is used to evaluate the efficacy of interventions aimed at enhancing fracture healing and supporting clinical application. However, despite its frequent use, the detailed anatomical understanding required for accurate assessment of bone repair remains limited. This study aimed to conduct morphological and histological analyses of cortical bone healing following drill-hole injury in rat tibiae, providing fundamental anatomical insights to support future use of this model in translational research.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 2.0-mm drill-hole injury was made bilaterally in rat proximal tibiae of rats. The rats were euthanized at predetermined time points, and the tibiae were collected for analysis. The outer surface and longitudinal and transverse sections of the defect were examined. For cross-sectional evaluation, the drill-hole injury was divided into defect and intramedullary regions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>By day 5, a transition from inflammation to bone formation was observed. New bone was visible on the intramedullary region inner surface by day 7, expanding toward the defect region and narrowing progressively. Bone remodeling began in the intramedullary region after day 10, while bone formation in the defect region continued. By day 28, surface closure was macroscopically apparent on scanning electron microscopy images, but histology showed incomplete internal architecture and bone quality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Accurate evaluation of the healing process in the drill-hole injury model requires a three-dimensional perspective and the incorporation of morphological and histological analyses. Such anatomical insights may have been overlooked previously and provide critical baseline data for precise bone-healing assessment in future translational research using this model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intramuscular variations in the exit of C5 and C6 roots of the brachial plexus: A case series from Rwanda","authors":"Paul Ndahimana ,&nbsp;Victor Bassey Archibong ,&nbsp;Akeem Okesina ,&nbsp;Julien Gashegu","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Anatomical variations in the brachial plexus, particularly the relationship of its roots to the scalene muscles, can significantly impact surgical approaches, nerve blocks, and trauma management. However, such variations are underreported in human cadaveric studies from the East African region in general, and Rwanda in particular.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This case series documents four distinct variations of the brachial plexus identified during routine cadaveric dissection.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Forty eight brachial plexus (24 human donors) were dissected using Grant's dissector protocol. All specimens were formalin-fixed and dissected in the anatomy laboratory of the University of Rwanda, with ethical clearance obtained.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four cases (4/48 = 8.33 %) of intramuscular variation in the exit of C5 and C6 were identified. In case 1, right C5 and C6 roots pierced the anterior scalene muscle instead of passing in the scalenic space. Case 2 showed left C5 piercing the anterior scalene. In case 3 and 4 (bilateral variations in one cadaver), C5 and C6 pierced the anterior scalene on both sides but at different locations. These deviations from the classical interscalene passage may pose risks during surgical or anesthetic procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Anatomical variations of the brachial plexus are not rare and warrant routine consideration during clinical procedures. Preoperative imaging and surgeon awareness are recommended to mitigate iatrogenic risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical parameters and intermuscular comparability of asymmetrical pronator quadratus muscle variations with reversed tendon aponeuroses","authors":"Fischer A. Clarke ,&nbsp;Branden C. Fox ,&nbsp;Jessica Pillatzki ,&nbsp;Joseph X. Anders ,&nbsp;Robert E. Van Demark Jr. ,&nbsp;Ethan L. Snow","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The pronator quadratus (PQ) is a quadrangular muscle deep in the anterior compartment of the forearm that executes pronation and stabilizes the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). A thin, superficial tendon aponeurosis is commonly present on its ulnar side. Reports of non-typical PQ morphologies involving biomechanical parameters and intermuscular comparability are scarce despite the important knowledge they would contribute to understanding PQ variations and their clinical implications. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the biomechanical parameters and intermuscular comparability of asymmetrical PQ variations with reversed tendon aponeuroses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A case of asymmetrical bilateral PQ variations was discovered during routine human cadaver dissection. The variations were photographed in situ with scale, and anatomical parameters of each muscle were measured. Mean postmortem fixed sarcomere states were evaluated via light microscopy to calculate a normalized maximal isometric force (<em>F</em>_<em>max</em>) for each muscle. Intermuscular architectural comparability indices (<em>δ</em>_2,1) were calculated between each muscle to indicate suitability as flap/autograft tissue.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Despite differences in mass and <em>F</em>_<em>max</em>, the left distal PQ muscle (PQ_d; 3.81 g; <em>F</em>_<em>max</em> = 2.22 N), left proximal PQ muscle (PQ_p; 4.13 g; <em>F</em>_<em>max</em> = 2.72 N), and right PQ_d (6.97 g; <em>F</em>_<em>max</em> = 4.16 N) were architecturally indifferent (0.30 &lt; <em>δ</em>_2,1 &lt; 0.80). However, each of these muscles were significantly different in structure (<em>δ</em>_2,1 ≥ 0.80), size, and functional capability compared to the right PQ_p (0.87 g; <em>F</em>_<em>max</em> = 0.79 N). Notably, each ipsilateral pair of variant PQ muscles exhibited reversed location of their tendon aponeuroses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The PQ is encountered and utilized in many surgical procedures, including volar (modified Henry) or open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) approaches for surgically repairing a distal radius fracture. Chronic refractory myofascial pain in the distal forearm and DRUJ osteoarthritis may warrant differential evaluation for variations of the PQ. This report may provide new and important insights to orthopedists, clinical anatomists, and allied health professionals when diagnosing and treating patients with PQ variations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D modelling in anatomy teaching: state of the art and pilot investigations for its application","authors":"Stella Fahrni,&nbsp;Sara Sabatasso","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Backgroud</h3><div>Technological advancements have revolutionized anatomy education, introducing “virtual anatomy” as complement or alternative to traditional dissection. At the Faculty Unit of Anatomy and Morphology (UFAM) of the University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva (CURML), we integrated digital tools into musculoskeletal and embryology teaching for first-year medical students. <u>Aim</u>: This study presents a state of the art survey on the use of imaging technologies for anatomy teaching and a pilot pedagogical project on 3D imaging at UFAM. Our aims are to present the implementation of 3D printing in practical works on the musculoskeletal system, and the implementation of 3D models to complement embryology practicals.</div></div><div><h3>Material&amp;methods</h3><div>Vertebrae were replicated using high-resolution 3D surface scanning and printing. 3D models of genitalia, brain hemisphere, and thoracic spine with spinal cord were created using photogrammetry. Printed vertebrae were used during musculoskeletal, and anatomical 3D models during embryology practicals. Students received interactive 3D PDFs and usage guidelines beforehand. Feedback was collected via an online questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Results &amp; discussion</h3><div>Students reported high satisfaction, improved spatial understanding, and enhanced practical skills. However, large file sizes of 3D PDFs and software compatibility issues limited access. While 3D tools proved effective for anatomy education, improving accessibility and usability remains essential for broader implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A triple incidence report of pancreatic surface morphology, tail-spleen relationships, and artery pseudoaneurysm","authors":"Tanamin Sithsetthakool ,&nbsp;Phatthiraporn Aorachon ,&nbsp;Yutthaphong Patjorn ,&nbsp;Nichapa Phunchago ,&nbsp;Sitthichai Iamsaard","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The pancreas has anatomical variations in surface morphology and positional relationships with adjacent organs, which can influence diagnostic interpretation and surgical risk. Despite extensive reports in several populations, the precise classification of pancreatic surface morphology, the position of the pancreatic tail relative to the spleen, and the incidence of artery pseudoaneurysms (AP) have never been documented in the Northeastern Thais.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This study was conducted using 69 embalmed cadaveric samples from Northeastern Thai body donors. Pancreatic surface morphology (PSM) was classified, and the position of the pancreatic tail in relation to the spleen was observed. Concurrently, the vascular anatomy was investigated for the presence of AP. Data were analyzed for prevalence by morphological type, sex, tail-spleen relationship (TSR), and arterial anomaly.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>It was found that PSM was classified into 9 types: oblique (Type 1, 50.7 %), sigmoid (Type 2, 13.0 %), inverted V (Type 3, 2.9 %), L-shaped (Type 4, 2.90 %), inverted L (Type 5, 1.5 %), transverse (Type 6, 24.6 %), horseshoe (Type 7, 1.5 %), U-shaped (Type 8, 1.5 %), and short (Type9, 1.5 %), with notable sex-specific differences. The TSR was most commonly observed at the lower pole of the spleen (53.6 %), followed by the hilum (33.3 %), upper pole (7.3 %), and in 5.8 % of cases, did not reach the spleen. Incidence of AP was 2.9 %, identified in the hepatic artery of one female and the splenic artery of one male.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We reported nine distinct PSM types, with the oblique type being most prevalent, and differences between sexes in a Northeastern Thai population. The pancreatic tail was most frequently located at the lower pole of the spleen. These findings can impact clinical practice and future research in pancreatic anatomy and pathology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bony bridges and selected variations of the first cervical vertebra (Atlas): A brief encyclopedic overview with comments on clinical and neurological implications","authors":"Robert Haładaj ,&nbsp;Roksana Haładaj ,&nbsp;Nikola Haładaj ,&nbsp;Ivan Varga","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The first cervical vertebra, the atlas (C1), is a unique and complex structure responsible for supporting the skull and facilitating head movement. Due to its intimate anatomical relationship with the vertebral artery and cervical nerves, any variation in its morphology—particularly the presence of bony bridges—may have important clinical consequences.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This brief encyclopedic overview summarizes the anatomy of the atlas, its most common bony bridge variants, and their potential clinical significance, particularly in neurology and cervical spine surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Bony bridges involving the atlas, such as the arcuate foramen and retrotransverse canal, are common anatomical variants with potentially significant clinical implications. While often asymptomatic, these variants can affect vascular and neural structures, contribute to symptoms such as headache or vertigo, and complicate surgical procedures in the craniocervical region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A neuroanatomical analysis of the link between muscle variants and innervation patterns: The accessory head of the biceps brachii muscle as a case example","authors":"Grzegorz Wysiadecki ,&nbsp;Ethan Snow ,&nbsp;Piotr Wysocki ,&nbsp;Wojciech Przybycień ,&nbsp;Nikola Haładaj ,&nbsp;Roksana Haładaj ,&nbsp;Magdalena Grzonkowska ,&nbsp;Andrzej Żytkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Anatomical variations of skeletal muscles have been frequently documented in the anatomical literature. Early anatomists, including Albinus, Macalister, and many other researchers of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, conducted detailed studies on muscle morphology and its variability. Contemporary approaches, however, increasingly emphasize the analysis of anatomical variants within the broader context of systems rather than as isolated organs or structures.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This report presents a case of an accessory head of the biceps brachii muscle, along with an analysis of the associated neural pattern. The aim is to provide an integrative anatomical description that highlights the interrelationship between muscular and neural variations in the upper limb.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During a routine dissection of an isolated left upper limb, a muscular variation of the biceps brachii muscle was observed, consisting of an accessory head. This additional muscular slip was located deep (posterior) to the short head of the biceps brachii and originated from the anteromedial surface of the humeral shaft, just below the insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle. The accessory head of the biceps brachii received its innervation from a slender muscular branch of the musculocutaneous nerve.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The biceps brachii is one of the muscles most prone to anatomical variations. Muscular anomalies may correlate with neural variations, either in the course of the nerve or, as in the present case, through additional communicating branches. The clinical relevance of such variations extends beyond altered muscle biomechanics; they should also be considered during surgical procedures, as they may pose a risk of compression of adjacent neurovascular structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}