Translational Research in Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Anatomical reassessment of the rat cortical drill-hole injury model","authors":"Nao Yashima ,&nbsp;Takumi Okunuki ,&nbsp;Wataru Minamizono ,&nbsp;Kaoru Fujikawa ,&nbsp;Hirai Suito ,&nbsp;Shingo Nakai ,&nbsp;Masafumi Osako","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The drill-hole injury model is used to evaluate the efficacy of interventions aimed at enhancing fracture healing and supporting clinical application. However, despite its frequent use, the detailed anatomical understanding required for accurate assessment of bone repair remains limited. This study aimed to conduct morphological and histological analyses of cortical bone healing following drill-hole injury in rat tibiae, providing fundamental anatomical insights to support future use of this model in translational research.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 2.0-mm drill-hole injury was made bilaterally in rat proximal tibiae of rats. The rats were euthanized at predetermined time points, and the tibiae were collected for analysis. The outer surface and longitudinal and transverse sections of the defect were examined. For cross-sectional evaluation, the drill-hole injury was divided into defect and intramedullary regions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>By day 5, a transition from inflammation to bone formation was observed. New bone was visible on the intramedullary region inner surface by day 7, expanding toward the defect region and narrowing progressively. Bone remodeling began in the intramedullary region after day 10, while bone formation in the defect region continued. By day 28, surface closure was macroscopically apparent on scanning electron microscopy images, but histology showed incomplete internal architecture and bone quality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Accurate evaluation of the healing process in the drill-hole injury model requires a three-dimensional perspective and the incorporation of morphological and histological analyses. Such anatomical insights may have been overlooked previously and provide critical baseline data for precise bone-healing assessment in future translational research using this model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A triple incidence report of pancreatic surface morphology, tail-spleen relationships, and artery pseudoaneurysm","authors":"Tanamin Sithsetthakool ,&nbsp;Phatthiraporn Aorachon ,&nbsp;Yutthaphong Patjorn ,&nbsp;Nichapa Phunchago ,&nbsp;Sitthichai Iamsaard","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The pancreas has anatomical variations in surface morphology and positional relationships with adjacent organs, which can influence diagnostic interpretation and surgical risk. Despite extensive reports in several populations, the precise classification of pancreatic surface morphology, the position of the pancreatic tail relative to the spleen, and the incidence of artery pseudoaneurysms (AP) have never been documented in the Northeastern Thais.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This study was conducted using 69 embalmed cadaveric samples from Northeastern Thai body donors. Pancreatic surface morphology (PSM) was classified, and the position of the pancreatic tail in relation to the spleen was observed. Concurrently, the vascular anatomy was investigated for the presence of AP. Data were analyzed for prevalence by morphological type, sex, tail-spleen relationship (TSR), and arterial anomaly.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>It was found that PSM was classified into 9 types: oblique (Type 1, 50.7 %), sigmoid (Type 2, 13.0 %), inverted V (Type 3, 2.9 %), L-shaped (Type 4, 2.90 %), inverted L (Type 5, 1.5 %), transverse (Type 6, 24.6 %), horseshoe (Type 7, 1.5 %), U-shaped (Type 8, 1.5 %), and short (Type9, 1.5 %), with notable sex-specific differences. The TSR was most commonly observed at the lower pole of the spleen (53.6 %), followed by the hilum (33.3 %), upper pole (7.3 %), and in 5.8 % of cases, did not reach the spleen. Incidence of AP was 2.9 %, identified in the hepatic artery of one female and the splenic artery of one male.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We reported nine distinct PSM types, with the oblique type being most prevalent, and differences between sexes in a Northeastern Thai population. The pancreatic tail was most frequently located at the lower pole of the spleen. These findings can impact clinical practice and future research in pancreatic anatomy and pathology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Intramuscular innervation of rectus extraocular muscles revisited histologically” [Transl. Res. Anat. 37 100320, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tria.2024.100320]","authors":"Robert Haładaj,&nbsp;Ivan Varga","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100451","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bony bridges and selected variations of the first cervical vertebra (Atlas): A brief encyclopedic overview with comments on clinical and neurological implications","authors":"Robert Haładaj ,&nbsp;Roksana Haładaj ,&nbsp;Nikola Haładaj ,&nbsp;Ivan Varga","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The first cervical vertebra, the atlas (C1), is a unique and complex structure responsible for supporting the skull and facilitating head movement. Due to its intimate anatomical relationship with the vertebral artery and cervical nerves, any variation in its morphology—particularly the presence of bony bridges—may have important clinical consequences.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This brief encyclopedic overview summarizes the anatomy of the atlas, its most common bony bridge variants, and their potential clinical significance, particularly in neurology and cervical spine surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Bony bridges involving the atlas, such as the arcuate foramen and retrotransverse canal, are common anatomical variants with potentially significant clinical implications. While often asymptomatic, these variants can affect vascular and neural structures, contribute to symptoms such as headache or vertigo, and complicate surgical procedures in the craniocervical region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orbit dissection: Concise technical guide","authors":"Robert Haładaj ,&nbsp;Roksana Haładaj ,&nbsp;Nikola Haładaj ,&nbsp;Ivan Varga","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dissection of the orbit represents one of the most demanding stages of head preparation. The orbit, as a space of osseous, muscular, and fascial character, contains numerous small muscles, vessels, and cranial nerves, the proper identification of which requires both precise technique and a thorough understanding of topographical anatomy. However, publications devoted specifically to the detailed dissection of the orbit remain relatively scarce.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The purpose of the present study is to provide a concise compendium summarizing the basic techniques and approaches used during orbit dissection, as well as to present practical notes and the author's own experiences derived from work in the dissection room.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Familiarity with different approaches to orbit dissection may facilitate the organization and performance of advanced dissection courses within anatomical education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circumaortic left renal vein with an accessory retroaortic branch in a cadaver: A rare combination of type I and III variants","authors":"Maura Null,&nbsp;Maddison O'Quinn,&nbsp;Jake Shearer,&nbsp;Jonathan J. Wisco,&nbsp;Dustin Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Congenital anomalies in renal venous anatomy are of clinical significance due to their implications in diagnostic imaging, surgical interventions, and renal transplantation. Among these, retroaortic and circumaortic left renal veins (RLRVs) are rare and often discovered incidentally during imaging or dissection.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This case report aims to document and describe multiple rare congenital variations in renal venous anatomy observed during routine cadaveric dissection, with a focus on their classification and potential clinical relevance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Routine anatomical dissection was performed on the cadaver of an 84-year-old female donor in a medical anatomy laboratory setting. Detailed observation and documentation of the renal venous drainage patterns were conducted, with findings compared to existing anatomical classifications of RLRVs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Dissection revealed a circumaortic left renal vein composed of an anterior branch and an accessory retroaortic branch. Additionally, two distinct right renal veins were identified, draining independently into the inferior vena cava. These findings represent an unusual combination of Type I and Type III RLRV anomalies, along with bilateral supernumerary renal veins.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case highlights a rare and complex variation in bilateral renal venous anatomy, emphasizing the importance of a thorough understanding of venous developmental embryology. Such knowledge is crucial for clinicians involved in surgical planning, abdominal imaging, and renal transplant procedures to minimize the risk of iatrogenic injury and improve patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A neuroanatomical analysis of the link between muscle variants and innervation patterns: The accessory head of the biceps brachii muscle as a case example","authors":"Grzegorz Wysiadecki ,&nbsp;Ethan Snow ,&nbsp;Piotr Wysocki ,&nbsp;Wojciech Przybycień ,&nbsp;Nikola Haładaj ,&nbsp;Roksana Haładaj ,&nbsp;Magdalena Grzonkowska ,&nbsp;Andrzej Żytkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Anatomical variations of skeletal muscles have been frequently documented in the anatomical literature. Early anatomists, including Albinus, Macalister, and many other researchers of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, conducted detailed studies on muscle morphology and its variability. Contemporary approaches, however, increasingly emphasize the analysis of anatomical variants within the broader context of systems rather than as isolated organs or structures.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This report presents a case of an accessory head of the biceps brachii muscle, along with an analysis of the associated neural pattern. The aim is to provide an integrative anatomical description that highlights the interrelationship between muscular and neural variations in the upper limb.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During a routine dissection of an isolated left upper limb, a muscular variation of the biceps brachii muscle was observed, consisting of an accessory head. This additional muscular slip was located deep (posterior) to the short head of the biceps brachii and originated from the anteromedial surface of the humeral shaft, just below the insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle. The accessory head of the biceps brachii received its innervation from a slender muscular branch of the musculocutaneous nerve.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The biceps brachii is one of the muscles most prone to anatomical variations. Muscular anomalies may correlate with neural variations, either in the course of the nerve or, as in the present case, through additional communicating branches. The clinical relevance of such variations extends beyond altered muscle biomechanics; they should also be considered during surgical procedures, as they may pose a risk of compression of adjacent neurovascular structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D modelling in anatomy teaching: state of the art and pilot investigations for its application","authors":"Stella Fahrni,&nbsp;Sara Sabatasso","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Backgroud</h3><div>Technological advancements have revolutionized anatomy education, introducing “virtual anatomy” as complement or alternative to traditional dissection. At the Faculty Unit of Anatomy and Morphology (UFAM) of the University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva (CURML), we integrated digital tools into musculoskeletal and embryology teaching for first-year medical students. <u>Aim</u>: This study presents a state of the art survey on the use of imaging technologies for anatomy teaching and a pilot pedagogical project on 3D imaging at UFAM. Our aims are to present the implementation of 3D printing in practical works on the musculoskeletal system, and the implementation of 3D models to complement embryology practicals.</div></div><div><h3>Material&amp;methods</h3><div>Vertebrae were replicated using high-resolution 3D surface scanning and printing. 3D models of genitalia, brain hemisphere, and thoracic spine with spinal cord were created using photogrammetry. Printed vertebrae were used during musculoskeletal, and anatomical 3D models during embryology practicals. Students received interactive 3D PDFs and usage guidelines beforehand. Feedback was collected via an online questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Results &amp; discussion</h3><div>Students reported high satisfaction, improved spatial understanding, and enhanced practical skills. However, large file sizes of 3D PDFs and software compatibility issues limited access. While 3D tools proved effective for anatomy education, improving accessibility and usability remains essential for broader implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External validation of femoral sex estimation equations: Evidence supporting population-specific standards in forensic anthropology","authors":"Chanasorn Poodendaen ,&nbsp;Narawadee Choompoo ,&nbsp;Poonikha Namvongsakool ,&nbsp;Supapit Linlad ,&nbsp;Jetniphat Chalermrerm ,&nbsp;Suthat Duangchit ,&nbsp;Worrawit Boonthai ,&nbsp;Sitthichai Iamsaard ,&nbsp;Phatthiraporn Aorachon ,&nbsp;Phongpitak Putiwat","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sex estimation from skeletal remains represents a fundamental step in forensic identification, with femoral measurements offering reliable alternatives when traditional pelvic and cranial elements are unavailable. Population-specific variation significantly affects accuracy, yet no external validation has examined cross-regional applicability of Thai femoral sex estimation equations. This study evaluated the performance of established Thai regional equations when applied to independent samples.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>External validation was conducted using 200 femoral specimens (100 male, 100 female) from northeastern Thailand, representing an independent collection not used in previous equation development. Five femoral parameters were measured following standardized protocols. Performance of sex estimation equations from northeastern, central, and northern Thai populations, plus one Chinese equation, was assessed through comprehensive validation metrics including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, Cohen's kappa, and area under the curve (AUC) from ROC analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The northeastern Thai equation demonstrated optimal performance with 93.0 % accuracy, κ = 0.86, and AUC = 0.975 when applied to the same population. Cross-regional Thai equations showed moderate accuracy reductions: central Thai achieved 91.5 % and northern Thai achieved 90.5 %. The Chinese equation exhibited the greatest decline at 87.0 %, representing a 6.5 % reduction from optimal performance. Male classification consistently outperformed female classification across all equations with sensitivity ranging from 92.0 to 95.0 % versus specificity ranging from 82.0 to 91.0 %. Performance decline correlated with increasing population genetic distance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>External validation confirms the importance of population-specific standards in forensic anthropological practice. While Thai regional equations maintain acceptable cross-regional performance, optimal accuracy requires population-appropriate equation selection. The substantial performance decline with ethnically distant equations emphasizes careful equation selection for reliable forensic identification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intramuscular variations in the exit of C5 and C6 roots of the brachial plexus: A case series from Rwanda","authors":"Paul Ndahimana ,&nbsp;Victor Bassey Archibong ,&nbsp;Akeem Okesina ,&nbsp;Julien Gashegu","doi":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tria.2025.100442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Anatomical variations in the brachial plexus, particularly the relationship of its roots to the scalene muscles, can significantly impact surgical approaches, nerve blocks, and trauma management. However, such variations are underreported in human cadaveric studies from the East African region in general, and Rwanda in particular.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This case series documents four distinct variations of the brachial plexus identified during routine cadaveric dissection.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Forty eight brachial plexus (24 human donors) were dissected using Grant's dissector protocol. All specimens were formalin-fixed and dissected in the anatomy laboratory of the University of Rwanda, with ethical clearance obtained.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four cases (4/48 = 8.33 %) of intramuscular variation in the exit of C5 and C6 were identified. In case 1, right C5 and C6 roots pierced the anterior scalene muscle instead of passing in the scalenic space. Case 2 showed left C5 piercing the anterior scalene. In case 3 and 4 (bilateral variations in one cadaver), C5 and C6 pierced the anterior scalene on both sides but at different locations. These deviations from the classical interscalene passage may pose risks during surgical or anesthetic procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Anatomical variations of the brachial plexus are not rare and warrant routine consideration during clinical procedures. Preoperative imaging and surgeon awareness are recommended to mitigate iatrogenic risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37913,"journal":{"name":"Translational Research in Anatomy","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}