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Do We Need a New Leadership Paradigm Due to Covid-19? 新冠肺炎疫情是否需要新的领导模式?
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-05-22 DOI: 10.37391/ijbmr.090206
Lisbeth Claus
Explores whether the changing context of COVID-19 requires new leadership skills in organizations and, perhaps even, a new context-specific leadership theory. Fourteen professional blogs and reports related to leadership skills and practices in response to COVID-19, published in the professional online literature during the height of the pandemic (March 16 - December 20, 2020) were reviewed in terms of suggested new leadership style dimensions and contrasted with the tenets of existing academic leadership theories. The proponents of an emerging leadership style advocate that in dealing with the pandemic, leaders must be able to manage their organizations in turbulent times, lead a distributed workforce of individuals and teams, and become a resilient leader themselves.Synthesis: The analysis suggests the leadership dimensions called for during the pandemic were already present in transformational leadership theories (e.g., authentic, shared feminine, servant and crisis leadership theories) but that the pandemic provided the structural break accelerating the existing transformational leadership paradigm. COVID-19 also confirmed leadership matters and the command-and-control leadership style—still prevalent in many of our top-down bureaucratic organizations—is outdated.
探讨了COVID-19不断变化的背景是否需要组织中新的领导技能,甚至可能需要一种新的特定背景的领导理论。根据新冠肺炎疫情最严重时期(2020年3月16日至12月20日)发表在专业网络文献上的14篇与应对新冠肺炎的领导技能和实践相关的专业博客和报告,提出了新的领导风格维度,并与现有学术领导理论的原则进行了对比。新兴领导风格的支持者主张,在应对大流行病时,领导者必须能够在动荡时期管理其组织,领导分散的个人和团队工作人员,并成为有韧性的领导者。综合:分析表明,大流行期间所要求的领导维度已经存在于变革型领导理论中(例如,真实的、共同的女性领导理论、仆人领导理论和危机领导理论),但大流行提供了结构性突破,加速了现有的变革型领导范式。COVID-19也证实了领导力的重要性,在我们许多自上而下的官僚主义组织中仍然普遍存在的命令和控制型领导风格已经过时了。
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引用次数: 4
The Impact of the Coronavirus (Sars-Cov-2) Lockdown on Crime in New York and London, March-June 2020: A Comparative Study 冠状病毒(Sars-Cov-2)封锁对2020年3月至6月纽约和伦敦犯罪的影响:一项比较研究
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.37391/ijbmr.090204
A. Murdoch, Caroline Byczyński
The objective of this paper is to assess the relationship between The Spring 2020 COVID-19 Lockdown and the levels of crime in New York City (NYC) and London. Our proposition, derived from the Routine Activity Theory (RAT), the ‘breaches’ theory and input from the 2020 research on lockdown and crime, hypothesised that lockdown measures would lead to reductions in crime. The crime categories selected for this study were: homicide, rape, robbery, violence against a person, burglary, theft and vehicle theft. T-test, F-test and the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression calculations were used to test the hypotheses. The four-month lockdown period in 2020 produced a 15% and 31% crime reduction in NYC and London, respectively. In the case of London, the overall results indicate that changes in routine human activities were indeed largely correlated with the reduction in crime. However, crime patterns in NYC in spring 2020 turned out to be inconsistent. A comparison of crime patterns under lockdown proved dissimilarity between NYC and London. The two-city comparison indicates that crime change related to lockdown may vary across crime types, places, and timespans or may have a detrimental effect on crime levels. The study may be considered suitable for replication and elaboration, particularly in view of the extended longevity of lockdown measures.
本文的目的是评估2020年春季COVID-19封锁与纽约市和伦敦犯罪水平之间的关系。我们的命题源自常规活动理论(RAT)、“违规”理论以及2020年关于封锁和犯罪的研究,假设封锁措施会导致犯罪减少。为这项研究选择的犯罪类别是:杀人、强奸、抢劫、对人施暴、入室盗窃、盗窃和盗窃车辆。采用t检验、f检验和普通最小二乘(OLS)回归计算对假设进行检验。2020年4个月的封锁期使纽约和伦敦的犯罪率分别下降了15%和31%。以伦敦为例,总体结果表明,人类日常活动的变化确实在很大程度上与犯罪的减少有关。然而,2020年春季纽约的犯罪模式却不一致。封锁期间的犯罪模式对比证明了纽约和伦敦之间的差异。两个城市的比较表明,与封锁相关的犯罪变化可能因犯罪类型、地点和时间跨度而异,或者可能对犯罪水平产生不利影响。考虑到封锁措施的持续时间较长,这项研究可能被认为适合加以复制和阐述。
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引用次数: 0
Challenges in Big Data Analytics and Cloud Computing 大数据分析和云计算的挑战
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.37391/ijbmr.090205
P. M. Mohan, B. Manohar
The advancement of technology has brought up so many elements of ease for human beings that now humans cannot afford to think of a life without all these. But all is not about ease and comfort. Along with all these elements, there are many modern complexities as well as challenges too. Big data analytics and cloud computing are among the elements in which we face many challenges. This document discusses some of the challenges in big data analytics and cloud computing.
科技的进步为人类带来了如此多的舒适元素,以至于现在人类无法想象没有这些元素的生活。但并非一切都是为了安逸和舒适。随着所有这些因素,也有许多现代的复杂性和挑战。大数据分析和云计算是我们面临许多挑战的因素之一。本文讨论了大数据分析和云计算中的一些挑战。
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引用次数: 1
Financial Markets are Not Efficient: Financial Literacy as an Effective Risk Management Tool 金融市场并不有效:金融知识作为一种有效的风险管理工具
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-03-05 DOI: 10.37391/IJBMR.090110
C. Siriopoulos
This paper advances the view that the deep confidence of market regulators in the assumptions and premises of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) has led to the underestimation of market risks, thus inactivating the market education of existing and future investors. Hence, they have not responded to financial illiteracy, which exacerbated the recent financial crisis. Investor education may be considered as a systemic risk management tool for future financial crises and, especially, financial literacy can drive a wedge between the regulation and the prevention of severe financial crises based on expected benefits versus losses. This also will help to regain investors’ trust in the market after the crisis and instill investors with more confidence. This approach has not yet received the attention it deserves.
本文提出市场监管者对有效市场假说(EMH)的假设和前提的深度信任导致了对市场风险的低估,从而使现有和未来投资者的市场教育失去活力。因此,他们没有对金融无知做出回应,而金融无知加剧了最近的金融危机。投资者教育可以被视为未来金融危机的系统性风险管理工具,特别是,金融知识可以在基于预期收益与损失的严重金融危机的监管和预防之间起到楔子作用。这也将有助于在危机后重新获得投资者对市场的信任,并给投资者注入更多信心。这种做法尚未得到应有的重视。
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引用次数: 8
Framework to Create Employee Engagement Culture in Saudi Banks 创建沙特银行员工敬业文化的框架
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37391/IJBMR.090305
Mohamed Al Seri, Patricia J. McLauglin
Employee engagement has attracted widespread interest over the past twenty years from the practitioner network and researchers. It is claimed that organizations that focus on growing an engagement culture will result in increasing employee productiveness, the fulfilment of the organizational objectives, and competent employee retention. However, the fundamental issues revolving around the meaning and key antecedents of employee engagement nevertheless require similar research interest [2]. The Saudi Banks are an important component of Saudi Arabia’s financial system. In light of the emerging high volume of business activities, Saudi Banks are keen to inspire worker participation and employee engagement. This behaviour will allow banks to achieve sustainable business development. In response to these issues, the present research offers the possibility to advance the knowledge of organizational culture’s influence on employee engagement. The present research adopts a qualitative approach, and the method used is a grounded theory. The data collection process adopted an issue focused approach. Interviews were conducted with banks managers and their subordinates (male- female). The findings of the present study indicate that the factors that make the greatest contribution to employee engagement were employee satisfaction, achievement recognition, and jobs that were in line with the employees’ competent. Furthermore, the results revealed that the Saudi national culture, which is rooted in Islamic belief, has an influence on employee engagement in Saudi banks. This influence manifested itself as Non-interests bearing transactions, and the female segregation rule. The outcomes of the present research contributes to the existing theory of employee engagement by providing empirical evidence regarding the engagement meaning construct and its distinctiveness from similar, alternative, well-established attitudinal constructs. Furthermore, the present research offers a framework consisting of the themes that emerged from the analysis of the present study, and the proposed interventions to maintain an employee engagement culture. Furthermore, a discussion of the analysis’ limitations and recommendations for future researches will be presented, and a conclusion will be drawn.
在过去的二十年里,员工敬业度引起了从业者网络和研究人员的广泛关注。据称,专注于培养敬业文化的组织将提高员工的生产力,实现组织目标,并留住称职的员工。然而,围绕员工敬业度的意义和关键前因的基本问题仍然需要类似的研究兴趣[2]。沙特银行是沙特阿拉伯金融体系的重要组成部分。鉴于新兴的大量商业活动,沙特银行热衷于激发工人的参与和员工的敬业度。这种行为将使银行实现可持续的业务发展。针对这些问题,本研究为进一步了解组织文化对员工敬业度的影响提供了可能。本研究采用定性研究方法,采用扎根理论研究方法。数据收集过程采用了以问题为重点的方法。对银行经理及其下属(男女)进行了访谈。本研究的结果表明,对员工敬业度贡献最大的因素是员工满意度、成就认可和符合员工胜任能力的工作。此外,研究结果还揭示了根植于伊斯兰信仰的沙特民族文化对沙特银行员工敬业度的影响。这种影响主要表现为无利益交易和女性隔离制度。本研究的结果为现有的员工敬业度理论提供了经验证据,证明敬业度意义结构及其与相似的、可替代的、已建立的态度结构的独特性。此外,本研究提供了一个框架,包括从本研究的分析中出现的主题,以及建议的干预措施,以维持员工敬业文化。此外,将讨论分析的局限性和对未来研究的建议,并得出结论。
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引用次数: 1
Strategic Policies for a Sustainable World 可持续世界的战略政策
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37391/ijbmr.090312
M. Umaña, G. Atencio
Based on the strategic needs of countries around the world, we propose some strategic policies that reflect the global needs of white spaces of innovation and establish territories of innovation for ecosystems, and a very important advance for human kind in social innovation. The reality for clean technology and an inclusive capitalism on the base of the pyramid is a real need in a world with more than 4 billion living with less than $4 USD per day. Energy Use and Water Use demand the possibility of the existence of the humanity, because we have decades expended resources, for example the scarcity of water in Australia or the excess of crypto currency in Malta, only define a world with differences that maybe the technology but in our words the clean technology can get in the interconnected need with people of the poverty world.
根据世界各国的战略需求,我们提出了一些反映全球创新空白需求的战略政策,建立了生态系统的创新领土,这是人类社会创新的一个非常重要的进步。在一个超过40亿人每天生活费不足4美元的世界上,清洁技术和包容性资本主义的现实是一个真正的需要。能源使用和水的使用需要人类存在的可能性,因为我们有几十年的资源消耗,例如澳大利亚的水资源短缺或马耳他的加密货币过剩,只定义了一个有差异的世界,也许是技术,但用我们的话来说,清洁技术可以与贫困世界的人们相互联系。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Organisational Politics on Employee Turnover and Employee Performance 组织政治对员工离职和员工绩效的影响
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37391/IJBMR.090301
Namrata Gutpta, Mayank Singhal, Sunita Chauhan
The Power is one’s ability to influence other people. Influence is the process of affecting the person mentally or emotionally. When employees in an organization convert their powers into action politics comes into existence. Those with good political skills have the ability to use their bases of power vigorously. Politics concerns to the ways people gain and use power. Thus, organizational politics means the use of energy, strength and influence in organizations. Many researches have been conducted in various sectors to demonstrate the impact of Organizational Politics (OP). The aim of this study was to find the impact of organizational politics on employee turnover & employee performance in case of private sector banks. This study also finds out various factors underlying employee turnover & employee performance. To achieve the object of the study questionnaire survey was used. The results show that there is a significant impact of Organizational Politics on Employee Turnover but there is no significant impact of Organizational Politics on Employee Performance among private bank employees.
权力是一个人影响他人的能力。影响是在精神上或情感上影响一个人的过程。当组织中的员工将他们的权力转化为行动时,政治就产生了。那些有良好政治技巧的人有能力有力地利用他们的权力基础。政治关注的是人们获取和使用权力的方式。因此,组织政治意味着在组织中使用能量、力量和影响力。组织政治(organization Politics, OP)的影响已经在各个领域进行了许多研究。本研究的目的是在私营银行的情况下,发现组织政治对员工流动和员工绩效的影响。本研究还发现了影响员工离职和员工绩效的各种因素。为达到研究目的,采用问卷调查法。研究结果表明,组织政治对私人银行员工的离职率有显著影响,但对员工绩效没有显著影响。
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引用次数: 1
The Joint Effect of Institutional Profile and National Innovation System on the types of Entrepreneurship 制度配置与国家创新体系对创业类型的共同影响
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37391/ijbmr.090303
Mehdi Sharifi Khobdeh, Sogand Tayebinaz
While prior research has uncovered the impact of some national institutions on the general level of entrepreneurship in a country, there is still limited knowledge about the role of the institutional arrangements of a country on specific types of entrepreneurial activities, namely necessity versus opportunity entrepreneurship. To address this gap, we conduct a multilevel analysis using a sample of 10776 individuals from 55 diverse countries to examine how institutional factors (i.e., countries’ institutional profile and national innovation system) impact entrepreneur’s choice of pursuing a specific type of entrepreneurship. Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling, the findings indicate that neither institutional profile nor national innovation system (NIS) elements solely determine the choice between opportunity motivated entrepreneurship (OME) and necessity motivated entrepreneurship (NME); however, OME tends to be higher in instances when supportive institutional arrangements (regulatory, normative, and cognitive) toward entrepreneurship get coupled with national innovation system factors. The study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of embedded agency within the institutional logics perspective. It bridges the literature on individual and institutional antecedents of entrepreneurship. Further implications for theory and practice are discussed.
虽然先前的研究已经揭示了一些国家制度对一个国家总体创业水平的影响,但关于一个国家的制度安排对具体类型的创业活动(即必要性创业与机会创业)的作用的认识仍然有限。为了解决这一差距,我们使用来自55个不同国家的10776名个体样本进行了多层次分析,以研究制度因素(即国家的制度状况和国家创新体系)如何影响企业家追求特定类型创业的选择。运用层次线性模型分析发现,制度背景和国家创新系统因素都不能单独决定机会型创业和必要性型创业的选择;然而,当支持创业的制度安排(监管、规范和认知)与国家创新系统因素相结合时,OME往往更高。该研究有助于从制度逻辑的角度更细致地理解嵌入代理。它连接了关于创业的个人和机构先例的文献。进一步讨论了理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 0
Factors Swaying Inspiration of Employees Performance in the Insurance Companies of Bangladesh: A Comparative Analysis Between Demographic Forces and Components of Organizational Commitment 孟加拉国保险公司员工绩效激励的影响因素:人口统计学力量与组织承诺成分的比较分析
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37391/ijbmr.090307
Serena Aktar
The purpose of this study is to identify and examine the most inspirational factor of employees’ performance in the perception of employees in the insurance companies of Bangladesh. This empirical study has been conducted through an explanatory survey design. A survey with a structured questionnaire has been conducted for collecting primary data. A convenient random sampling technique was used to collect primary data for examining the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. It means the relationship between the three components of organizational commitment and inspiration of employees’ performance; demographic factors and inspiration of employees’ performance in the insurance companies of Bangladesh. A total number of 400 structured questionnaires were distributed and received back with properly filled 378 questionnaires that were statistically used for analysis. The statistical software SPSS (IBM 26) has been used for input and processing raw data into hypothetical final results. Descriptive statistics, binary correlation, multiple regression analysis, and lastly One-Way-ANOVA have been used step by step to test the hypothetical research results. The results of this study indicated that a strong positive relationship exists between the educational ability & experience of respondents from demographic factors and inspiration of employees’ performance; continuance commitment of the respondents from components of organizational commitment and inspiration of employees’ performance in insurance companies of Bangladesh. It is suggested in this research that the organization should pay attention to continuance committed employees having a high level of education and experience.
本研究的目的是确定和检查在孟加拉国的保险公司员工的感知员工的绩效最鼓舞人心的因素。本实证研究通过解释性调查设计进行。为了收集原始数据,进行了一项有结构的问卷调查。为了检验因变量和自变量之间的关系,采用了一种方便的随机抽样技术来收集原始数据。指组织承诺三个组成部分与员工绩效激励之间的关系;孟加拉国保险公司员工绩效的人口因素及启示。共发放400份结构化问卷,回收378份正确填写的问卷进行统计分析。统计软件SPSS (IBM 26)已被用于输入和处理原始数据到假设的最终结果。通过描述性统计、二元相关分析、多元回归分析和单因素方差分析逐步检验假设研究结果。研究结果表明:人口统计学因素中被调查者的教育能力和经验与员工绩效激励之间存在较强的正相关关系;从孟加拉保险公司组织承诺的组成部分和对员工绩效的启发来研究被调查者的持续承诺。本研究建议组织应关注具有高教育水平和高经验的持续承诺员工。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the Price Change of the Azerbaijani Oil of Azeri Light, using the Monte-Carlo Method in the Conditions of Uncertainty 在不确定条件下,用蒙特卡罗方法分析阿塞拜疆原油的价格变化
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37391/IJBMR.090306
Nur-Mammadova Nigar
Purpose: This article examines the uncertain conditions of the oil industry in and post crisis period in Azerbaijan Republic in 2015-2017 and during COVID-19 in 2020. Design/Methodology: Existing turmoil in the global economy and volatile oil prices affected the economies of the oil-producing countries. Such instability also affected the economy of Azerbaijan Republic and led to a decrease in its key economic indicators, which leads to apply specific methods for identifying risks and estimating its valuation. Findings: The reasons of the sharp drop in oil and oil products demand have been analysed, using the Monte Carlo techniques and with its impact on Azerbaijan Republic as an example. Practical implications: The author, compiling the forecast for the chosen methodology, clarified forecast for 2018 of oil price of Azerbaijani oil brand Azeri Light in an uncertain environment, and made forecast for coming years, based on these calculations.
目的:本文探讨了2015-2017年阿塞拜疆共和国危机期间和危机后时期以及2020年COVID-19期间石油工业的不确定条件。设计/方法:当前全球经济的动荡和石油价格的波动影响了石油生产国的经济。这种不稳定也影响到阿塞拜疆共和国的经济,并导致其主要经济指标下降,从而导致采用特定方法来确定风险和估计其估值。研究结果:利用蒙特卡罗技术分析了石油和石油产品需求急剧下降的原因,并以其对阿塞拜疆共和国的影响为例。实际意义:作者编制了所选方法的预测,澄清了2018年阿塞拜疆石油品牌Azeri Light在不确定环境下的油价预测,并根据这些计算对未来几年进行了预测。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Management and Business Research
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