The Covid-19 pandemic has created intense pressure on our society and the economy in many ways. Many industries were severely impacted, especially the healthcare industry. In this study, we conducted a qualitative phenomenological study to learn about the nurses' perception of their compensation during the pandemic. Since nurses are the critical front-line workers during the pandemic, it is vital to ensure their well-being in many aspects. Our study can help to improve the quality of the healthcare system at the same time, lower the turnover. During COVID-19, the nurses have been facing intense pressure on their mental health at work. Moreover, they believe that there should be more incentive in terms of financial and recognition for their work and receive more care from upper management.
{"title":"A Phenomenological Study on Nurses' Perception of Compensation Received During Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Dr. Dean Michael Aguon, Dr. Nam Phuong Le","doi":"10.37391/ijbmr.090407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37391/ijbmr.090407","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic has created intense pressure on our society and the economy in many ways. Many industries were severely impacted, especially the healthcare industry. In this study, we conducted a qualitative phenomenological study to learn about the nurses' perception of their compensation during the pandemic. Since nurses are the critical front-line workers during the pandemic, it is vital to ensure their well-being in many aspects. Our study can help to improve the quality of the healthcare system at the same time, lower the turnover. During COVID-19, the nurses have been facing intense pressure on their mental health at work. Moreover, they believe that there should be more incentive in terms of financial and recognition for their work and receive more care from upper management.","PeriodicalId":37927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Management and Business Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83090955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. Jack D. Torres Leandro, Dr. Mauricio Vladimir Umana
The generation of innovation initiatives within companies is a preponderant share for the development and growth of business lines, as it helps to improve the market shares and competitiveness since these come to be implemented and the FINTECH organizations are no exception. However, some companies have not encouraged these dynamic works, hence the need to identify which elements and type of workers contribute to generate these actions. To do this, it becomes necessary to analyze how transformational leadership, self-creative efficacy, and intrinsic motivation within organizations are given and how with these characteristic’s companies create value. Even from the literature review, it was identified that the so-called theory of dynamic capabilities provides a framework to understand that organizations constantly must evolve their resources if they wish to remain competitive in industries that have participation. To address the above, it seeks to understand the characteristics, abilities, and motivations from transformational leadership to flourish creativity. In this sense, it should be noted that transformational leadership has been conceived as the ability to influence employees by expanding and raising their expectations by giving them confidence to develop beyond their own expectations (Dvir, Eden, Avolio & Shamir, 2002). In turn, it is intended to generate information needed for decision-making by the different actors involved in this process to facilitate environments to promote efficiency and effectiveness in the delivery of products and / or services seeking to promote intrinsic motivation in followers to generate value to customers.
{"title":"The Impact of Transformational Leadership on the Self-Creative Efficacy and Intrinsic Motivation in FINTECH Organizations","authors":"Dr. Jack D. Torres Leandro, Dr. Mauricio Vladimir Umana","doi":"10.37391/ijbmr.090408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37391/ijbmr.090408","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of innovation initiatives within companies is a preponderant share for the development and growth of business lines, as it helps to improve the market shares and competitiveness since these come to be implemented and the FINTECH organizations are no exception. However, some companies have not encouraged these dynamic works, hence the need to identify which elements and type of workers contribute to generate these actions. To do this, it becomes necessary to analyze how transformational leadership, self-creative efficacy, and intrinsic motivation within organizations are given and how with these characteristic’s companies create value. Even from the literature review, it was identified that the so-called theory of dynamic capabilities provides a framework to understand that organizations constantly must evolve their resources if they wish to remain competitive in industries that have participation. To address the above, it seeks to understand the characteristics, abilities, and motivations from transformational leadership to flourish creativity. In this sense, it should be noted that transformational leadership has been conceived as the ability to influence employees by expanding and raising their expectations by giving them confidence to develop beyond their own expectations (Dvir, Eden, Avolio & Shamir, 2002). In turn, it is intended to generate information needed for decision-making by the different actors involved in this process to facilitate environments to promote efficiency and effectiveness in the delivery of products and / or services seeking to promote intrinsic motivation in followers to generate value to customers.","PeriodicalId":37927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Management and Business Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87385879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the United States, nonprofit organizations lose at least $40 billion every year because of fraud. Fraud negatively affects nonprofit organizations’ productivity. Nonprofit managers need effective strategies to prevent fraud, increase trust among stakeholders, and ensure longevity. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies to mitigate fraud in nonprofit organizations. The conceptual framework of this study was Cressey’s fraud triangle theory. Data of this study were collected through interview questions from 4 top successful managers of nonprofit organizations in Maryland. The emerging themes after data analysis were ethics and regulatory compliance, transformational leadership, and managerial skills.
{"title":"Fraud in Nonprofit Organizations: How to Mitigate it?","authors":"Dr. Marvin L. J. Blye, Desire S. Luamba","doi":"10.37391/ijbmr.090401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37391/ijbmr.090401","url":null,"abstract":"In the United States, nonprofit organizations lose at least $40 billion every year because of fraud. Fraud negatively affects nonprofit organizations’ productivity. Nonprofit managers need effective strategies to prevent fraud, increase trust among stakeholders, and ensure longevity. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies to mitigate fraud in nonprofit organizations. The conceptual framework of this study was Cressey’s fraud triangle theory. Data of this study were collected through interview questions from 4 top successful managers of nonprofit organizations in Maryland. The emerging themes after data analysis were ethics and regulatory compliance, transformational leadership, and managerial skills.","PeriodicalId":37927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Management and Business Research","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90413550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this article is to contribute to past research conducted as it relates to the leadership competencies and attributes promoting social interaction that influence employee retention in virtual and hybrid work environments. A quantitative study involving 304 workers across a diverse group of industries, divided amongst face-to-face, hybrid, and virtual work environments suggested that social interaction was a significant predictor of job embeddedness in hybrid (β = .15, t(96) = 2.16, p < .05 and virtual (β = .33, t(86) = 7.96, p < .05) work groups. Additional research is needed to identify the leadership competencies and attributes that promote social interaction amongst team members in both virtual and hybrid environments. Several instruments are needed. Firstly, a measure for the Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSAs) of hybrid and virtual team leaders. Secondly, an instrument to assess social interaction amongst hybrid and virtual team members. Finally, a modification to the Mitchell et al.’s embeddedness instrument to incorporate Work From Home (WFH) and Work From Away (WFA) environments.
本文的目的是为过去的研究做出贡献，因为它涉及到领导能力和属性，促进社会互动，影响虚拟和混合工作环境中的员工保留。一项涉及来自不同行业的304名工人的定量研究，分为面对面，混合和虚拟工作环境，表明社会互动是混合(β = 0.15, t(96) = 2.16, p < 0.05)和虚拟(β = 0.33, t(86) = 7.96, p < 0.05)工作群体的工作嵌入性的重要预测因子。需要进一步的研究来确定在虚拟和混合环境中促进团队成员之间社会互动的领导能力和属性。需要几种仪器。首先，对混合团队领导和虚拟团队领导的知识、技能和能力(KSAs)进行测量。其次，一个评估混合和虚拟团队成员之间社会互动的工具。最后，对Mitchell等人的嵌入性工具进行了修改，以纳入在家工作(WFH)和远程工作(WFA)环境。
{"title":"The Great Resignation: An Argument for Hybrid Leadership","authors":"Dr. Joseph C. Hopkins, Dr. Kimberly A. Figaro","doi":"10.37391/ijbmr.090402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37391/ijbmr.090402","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to contribute to past research conducted as it relates to the leadership competencies and attributes promoting social interaction that influence employee retention in virtual and hybrid work environments. A quantitative study involving 304 workers across a diverse group of industries, divided amongst face-to-face, hybrid, and virtual work environments suggested that social interaction was a significant predictor of job embeddedness in hybrid (β = .15, t(96) = 2.16, p < .05 and virtual (β = .33, t(86) = 7.96, p < .05) work groups. Additional research is needed to identify the leadership competencies and attributes that promote social interaction amongst team members in both virtual and hybrid environments. Several instruments are needed. Firstly, a measure for the Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSAs) of hybrid and virtual team leaders. Secondly, an instrument to assess social interaction amongst hybrid and virtual team members. Finally, a modification to the Mitchell et al.’s embeddedness instrument to incorporate Work From Home (WFH) and Work From Away (WFA) environments.","PeriodicalId":37927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Management and Business Research","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85544022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hurricanes have caused billions of dollars in damage to the hotel industry in Florida, significantly affecting tourism flow. The unpredictable impact of hurricanes makes sustaining profits challenging. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that hotel leaders use to sustain tourism profits following a hurricane. The theory of image restoration provided the conceptual framework for the study. Data was collected from company documents and semi-structured interviews with 5 hotel leaders in Central Florida. Transcribed data were coded then validated using member checking during the data analysis, which revealed 5 themes: storm impact, accommodations, operations, communications, and planning. Results indicated the relevance of the theory of image restoration to help hotel leaders get operations back to normal following a hurricane by emphasizing how effective crisis response strategies can help create opportunities to sustain profits beyond tourism. Results may be used by hotel leaders to sustain profits and support their communities during hurricane recovery by providing accommodations, safety, and security to stakeholders other than tourists, such as first responders, state, and residents.
{"title":"Successful Strategies to Sustain Profits from Tourism Following a Hurricane","authors":"K. James","doi":"10.37391/ijbmr.090409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37391/ijbmr.090409","url":null,"abstract":"Hurricanes have caused billions of dollars in damage to the hotel industry in Florida, significantly affecting tourism flow. The unpredictable impact of hurricanes makes sustaining profits challenging. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that hotel leaders use to sustain tourism profits following a hurricane. The theory of image restoration provided the conceptual framework for the study. Data was collected from company documents and semi-structured interviews with 5 hotel leaders in Central Florida. Transcribed data were coded then validated using member checking during the data analysis, which revealed 5 themes: storm impact, accommodations, operations, communications, and planning. Results indicated the relevance of the theory of image restoration to help hotel leaders get operations back to normal following a hurricane by emphasizing how effective crisis response strategies can help create opportunities to sustain profits beyond tourism. Results may be used by hotel leaders to sustain profits and support their communities during hurricane recovery by providing accommodations, safety, and security to stakeholders other than tourists, such as first responders, state, and residents.","PeriodicalId":37927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Management and Business Research","volume":"13 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88876742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teaching family business has been trending in some European and American business schools. This trend has very limited existence in all Egyptian, and Arab business schools. This manuscript presents the experience of the family business course at American university in Cairo (AUC) which started in 2017, and is still in the evolution phase in spring 2020. The article starts by shedding light on the concept of family business, and its importance in the economy. This is followed by addressing the literature of family business education on the global level, and its status in Egypt, and the Arab world. Moving forward to the micro level of the AUC, through discussing the origins of the family business course inception as a pillar in the school of business strategy, and then the evolution of the syllabus from spring 2017 till spring 2020. The details of the course from pedagogy to assessments, guidelines, and rubrics are explained.
{"title":"Innovation in Family Business Syllabus: The Case of the American University in Cairo","authors":"Dr. Ashraf Sheta, Dr. Ahmed El Gallad","doi":"10.37391/ijbmr.090406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37391/ijbmr.090406","url":null,"abstract":"Teaching family business has been trending in some European and American business schools. This trend has very limited existence in all Egyptian, and Arab business schools. This manuscript presents the experience of the family business course at American university in Cairo (AUC) which started in 2017, and is still in the evolution phase in spring 2020. The article starts by shedding light on the concept of family business, and its importance in the economy. This is followed by addressing the literature of family business education on the global level, and its status in Egypt, and the Arab world. Moving forward to the micro level of the AUC, through discussing the origins of the family business course inception as a pillar in the school of business strategy, and then the evolution of the syllabus from spring 2017 till spring 2020. The details of the course from pedagogy to assessments, guidelines, and rubrics are explained.","PeriodicalId":37927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Management and Business Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74214518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is a thoughtful integrative compilation of literature from scholars well known in their field of diversity, equity, and inclusion all of whom have brought welcome changes for the next generations. There is a new look to DEI and leadership matters. Even prior to the pandemic, the future of work was unfolding. Organizations continue to focus on digitalization, remote work, employee empowerment and workforce diversity. Similarly, leaders are reinventing themselves to transform through the ability to traverse a path of immense changes adapting to global trends and consumer preferences.
{"title":"Leadership First: Reimagining DEI Together","authors":"Dr. Linda Ellington","doi":"10.37391/ijbmr.090410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37391/ijbmr.090410","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a thoughtful integrative compilation of literature from scholars well known in their field of diversity, equity, and inclusion all of whom have brought welcome changes for the next generations. There is a new look to DEI and leadership matters. Even prior to the pandemic, the future of work was unfolding. Organizations continue to focus on digitalization, remote work, employee empowerment and workforce diversity. Similarly, leaders are reinventing themselves to transform through the ability to traverse a path of immense changes adapting to global trends and consumer preferences.","PeriodicalId":37927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Management and Business Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78429537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of this research is to detect the impact of COVID-19 on return volatility of Boursa Kuwait main indexes using EGARCH and TGARCH models on the daily data from the All Share, Premier and Main indexes. The mean return during COVID-19 from February 24 to August 31, 2020, for the three indexes was negative with a high volatility value in the standard deviation compared to a positive return and low standard deviation for the period January 2, 2019, to February 23, 2020. Both periods’ returns for the market indexes exhibited negative skewness, large kurtosis values and abnormal distributions. There were significant EGARCH negative values during the COVID-19 period in the All Share and Premier indexes indicating leverage effects. The Main index reflected positive significant values due to the positive effects of government procedures that were implemented to counter the pandemic. The TGARCH model indicated significant negative values for the All Share and Main indexes during COVID-19 with decreased volatility when positive news on COVID-19 was announced. Using the threshold generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (TGARCH) the Premier index value is positive and significant indicating an asymmetric effect showing that volatility increased when negative news on COVID-19 was broadcast. This is an important inference for market participants and policy makers particularly when there is a difference in the magnitude of an asymmetry.
{"title":"The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Boursa Kuwait Return Volatility","authors":"Mesfer Mahdi Al Mesfer Al Ajmi","doi":"10.37391/ijbmr.090411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37391/ijbmr.090411","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this research is to detect the impact of COVID-19 on return volatility of Boursa Kuwait main indexes using EGARCH and TGARCH models on the daily data from the All Share, Premier and Main indexes. The mean return during COVID-19 from February 24 to August 31, 2020, for the three indexes was negative with a high volatility value in the standard deviation compared to a positive return and low standard deviation for the period January 2, 2019, to February 23, 2020. Both periods’ returns for the market indexes exhibited negative skewness, large kurtosis values and abnormal distributions. There were significant EGARCH negative values during the COVID-19 period in the All Share and Premier indexes indicating leverage effects. The Main index reflected positive significant values due to the positive effects of government procedures that were implemented to counter the pandemic. The TGARCH model indicated significant negative values for the All Share and Main indexes during COVID-19 with decreased volatility when positive news on COVID-19 was announced. Using the threshold generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (TGARCH) the Premier index value is positive and significant indicating an asymmetric effect showing that volatility increased when negative news on COVID-19 was broadcast. This is an important inference for market participants and policy makers particularly when there is a difference in the magnitude of an asymmetry.","PeriodicalId":37927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Management and Business Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88362485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate factors leading to bank failures during and after the Great Recession and banking crisis (2008–2015). The FHFA residential real estate house price index (HPI) for each of the 9 Census regions is used to interact with bank mortgage loans and bank financial statement variables. We find that these variables isolate different regional effects on the likelihood of a bank failing. Since we use changes from region to region, we find that regional location and HPI changes have an effect on banks’ commercial lending activity. Other more traditional and associated factors, like construction and land development lending or multifamily real estate lending, similarly explain bank failures during the main period of the banking crisis. By using this approach we better isolate the relationship between residential house prices and builders’ and land developers’ desire to borrow and the willingness of banks to concentrate portfolio lending in commercial real estate.
{"title":"Residential House Prices, Commercial Real Estate Lending and Bank Failures","authors":"G. Hanweck, A. Sanders, Gary S. Fissel","doi":"10.37391/ijbmr.090314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37391/ijbmr.090314","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate factors leading to bank failures during and after the Great Recession and banking crisis (2008–2015). The FHFA residential real estate house price index (HPI) for each of the 9 Census regions is used to interact with bank mortgage loans and bank financial statement variables. We find that these variables isolate different regional effects on the likelihood of a bank failing. Since we use changes from region to region, we find that regional location and HPI changes have an effect on banks’ commercial lending activity. Other more traditional and associated factors, like construction and land development lending or multifamily real estate lending, similarly explain bank failures during the main period of the banking crisis. By using this approach we better isolate the relationship between residential house prices and builders’ and land developers’ desire to borrow and the willingness of banks to concentrate portfolio lending in commercial real estate.","PeriodicalId":37927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Management and Business Research","volume":"89 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87710037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Desire S. Luamba, Marvin L. J. Blye, Irene A. Williams, Joel Chagadama
Forty-one percent of small American retail companies fail to succeed beyond 5 years. The purpose of this multiple case study is to explore strategies small retail business owners need for sustainability beyond 5 years. This study's data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 4 small successful retail business owners located in the United States southeastern region. Based on the conceptual framework of Schumpeter’s innovation theory, the paper provides 3 strategies that may prevent failure and lead to small business sustainability: passion and determination, market development and customer satisfaction, and business model innovation.
{"title":"Innovative Strategies for Small Retail Companies' Sustainability","authors":"Desire S. Luamba, Marvin L. J. Blye, Irene A. Williams, Joel Chagadama","doi":"10.37391/ijbmr.090311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37391/ijbmr.090311","url":null,"abstract":"Forty-one percent of small American retail companies fail to succeed beyond 5 years. The purpose of this multiple case study is to explore strategies small retail business owners need for sustainability beyond 5 years. This study's data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 4 small successful retail business owners located in the United States southeastern region. Based on the conceptual framework of Schumpeter’s innovation theory, the paper provides 3 strategies that may prevent failure and lead to small business sustainability: passion and determination, market development and customer satisfaction, and business model innovation.","PeriodicalId":37927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Management and Business Research","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87329573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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